identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1533B37EFFA2E14ED8ABFCDF8393FA71.text	1533B37EFFA2E14ED8ABFCDF8393FA71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion Walckenaer 1826	<div><p>Genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826</p><p>Type species: Enyo nitida Audouin, 1826</p><p>Genus diagnosis and species composition: See Bosmans (1994) and World Spider Catalog (2025).</p><p>Species groups and species composition</p><p>The species groups are provided, along with additional details on diagnostic characters. The species groups are listed alphabetically, with the included species also presented in alphabetical order.</p><p>The elegans group in Iberia</p><p>Diagnosis: The Iberian members of this group share the following characters: tibial apophysis longer than wide, either terminally toothed or apically extended. Median apophysis beak- or hook-shaped, but with noticeable variation. Embolus always with a subterminal tooth. Epigyne very variable, with one or two copulatory openings. Pits often not well visible.</p><p>Species included: Z. affine (Simon, 1870), Z. beticum Denis, 1957, Z. diatretum Denis, 1935, Z. elegans (Simon, 1873), Z. maculatum (Simon, 1870), Z. mallorca Bosmans, 1994, Z. marginiceps Simon, 1914, Z. murphyorum Bosmans, 1994, Z. pseudoelegans Denis, 1934, Z. sanchezi Shafaie and Pekár sp. n., Z. valentii Bosmans, Loverre and Addante, 2019, Z. vanimpei Bosmans, 1994 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA2E14ED8ABFCDF8393FA71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA2E14FD8E6F9C98169FE2B.text	1533B37EFFA2E14FD8E6F9C98169FE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion affine (Simon 1870)	<div><p>Zodarion affine (Simon)</p><p>(Figures 2, 20A–C, 25A, 26A, 27A)</p><p>Enyo affinis Simon, 1870: 142 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Enyo affinis – Simon 1873: 66, pl. 2; fig. 8 (♂). Zodarion affine – Denis 1937: 15, pl. 3; figs 15–17 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1994: 126, figs 30– 32, 99–100 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans et al. 2019: 13; figs 4g –I (♂ ♀). – Quevedo-Ortiz and Pinilla Rosa 2024: 175; figs 1c. 1–3 (♂).</p><p>Examined type material: Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (3 ♀): SPAIN: no further data on the label; MNHN-AR1521, MNHN-AR1523.</p><p>Other material examined: SPAIN: 1 ♀; Santa Pola, Alicante; 38.199°N, 0.559°W; 10 m a . s .l.; 3 June 2019; D. Ortiz, V. Pérez and A . Labrada leg.; CMU.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA2E14FD8E6F9C98169FE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2.text	1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion beticum Denis 1957	<div><p>Zodarion beticum Denis</p><p>(Figures 3, 21A–C, 25F, 26F, 27E)</p><p>Zodarion beticum Denis, 1957: 291; figs 15–16 (♂).</p><p>Zodarion beticum – Bosmans 1994: 129; figs 45–47, 107–108 (♂ ♀). – Barrientos et al. 2017: 117; figs 12d–f (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Lectotype (♂, without abdomen) and paralectotype (♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Granada, Sierra Neveda, Pico de Veleta’; 2760 m a.s.l.; H. Janetschek leg.; MNHN-AR9950.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 3 ♀; Almería: Playa de Cerrillos, 5 m a .s.l.; 31 March 1987; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; shingle, litter; CJFM-14469, G7572.12351. 1 ♀; Cabo de Gata, Almería; 0 m a .s. l.; 26 March 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones, low plants; CJFM-18427, G7572.14658. 2 ♂; idem; 3 April 1990; CJFM-18579, G7572.15270 . 1 ♂, 1 ♀; no further data; 5 June 2005; M . Cárdenas leg .; low plants; CMU. 2 ♂, 7 ♀, 3 juv.; El Toyo, Almería; 24</p><p>May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; outside of Punta Entinas, Almería; 25 May 2012; S . Pekár and M . Cárdenas leg.; CMU. 6 ♂, 3 ♀; Playa de Monsul, Almería; 26 May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Granada, La Calahorra; 25 May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zodarion beticum can be distinguished from other members of the elegans group by the shape of the tibial apophysis, which is terminally recurved and incised in males (Figure 21C), as well as by the W-shaped ridge covering a deep copulatory opening in females (Figures 25F, 27E).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27E) Epigyne with a single, deep antero-median copulatory opening. This copulatory opening posteriorly surrounded by a robust, W-shaped ridge that includes a broad, deep postero-median incision.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ119974.</p><p>Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. murphyorum): 2.0%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. murphyorum): 1.1%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.text	1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion diatretum Denis 1935	<div><p>Zodarion diatretum Denis</p><p>(Figures 4, 21D–F, 25G, 26G)</p><p>Zodarion diatretum Denis, 1935a: 66; figs 11–12, 16 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion diatretum – Bosmans 1994: 127; figs 36–38, 101–102 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (♂, 2 ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Cartagena, Alicante’; MNHN-AR1513.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Z. diatretum can be distinguished from the closely related Z. vanimpei by the median apophysis, which possesses a straight baso-lateral incision (vs with a recurved incision; compare Figure 21E and 21N). Females can be distinguished from other relatives in the elegans group by an inclined, brace-shaped epigynal plate covers a large, transverse copulatory opening (Figure 25G).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne (Figure 25G) Epigyne comprising an inclined brace-shaped epigynal plate, partially covering deep, transverse copulatory openings.</p><p>Comment</p><p>The tube containing the type series of Z. diatretum includes four specimens.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ119975, PQ119976, PQ119977.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (3): 0.13%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. styliferum): 6.4%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. styliferum): 4.1%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.text	1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion elegans (Simon 1873)	<div><p>Zodarion elegans (Simon)</p><p>(Figures 5, 21P–R, 25K, 26K, 27H)</p><p>Enyo elegans Simon, 1873: 56, pl. 2; figs 13–14 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Enyo elegans – Simon 1875: 352, pl. 4; fig. 4 (♀).</p><p>Zodarion elegans – Simon 1893: 435 (♂ ♀). – Chyzer and Kulczyński 1897: 149, pl. 6; fig. 1 (♂ ♀). – Denis 1935c: 66, 69; figs 1–2 (♂ ♀). – Drensky 1940: 173; figs 1a, 2a (♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1997: 267; figs 1–3, 77–78 (♂ ♀). – Bouragba et al. 2012: 75; figs 1H–L (♂ ♀). – Rehfeldt and Cassar 2024: 36; figs 36a–e (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion elegans simplicior – Simon 1914: 227, 234 (♀). – Denis 1937: 8, pl. 1;fig. 2 (♂).</p><p>Zodarion elegans maculisternum – Caporiacco 1950: 227, 68 (♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>‘Type series’ ( 199 ♂, 71 ♀, 38 juv.): FRANCE: Corse; MNHN-AR2853. Holotype (♀) and paratypes (13 juv.) of Z. elegans simplicior Simon, 1914: FRANCE: Monte Lubéron; MNHN-AR9906 (25212).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zodarion elegans males can be distinguished from other members of the elegans group by their elongated tibial apophysis, which is accompanied by an internal tooth (Figure 21Q), and a hook-shaped median apophysis with a broad basal part (Figure 21Q). Females can be identified by a relatively large, M-shaped septum (Figures 25K, 27H).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1997). Epigyne. (Figure 27H) Epigyne comprising an M-shaped septum with rounded corners; septum gradually broadened posteriorly. Epigyne with a large, antero-median copulatory opening located behind the septum.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>No molecular data from Iberian populations is available.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Southern Europe, North Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.text	1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion maculatum (Simon 1870)	<div><p>Zodarion maculatum (Simon)</p><p>(Figures 6, 7, 21G–I, 22, 25H, 26H, 27F)</p><p>Enyo maculata Simon, 1870: 146 (♀).</p><p>Zodarion maculatum – Denis 1935c: 66, 69; fig. 7 (♀). – Bosmans 1994: 127; figs 39–41, 103–104 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1997: 270; figs 6–7, 79–80 (♂ ♀). – Pekár et al. 2011: 29 (♂ ♀). – Oger and Melotti 2015: 2; figs 1–5 (♀). – Benhalima and Bosmans 2020: 99; figs 25–26, 34– 38, 49–53 (♂ ♀). – Wunderlich 2024: 25.</p><p>Zodarion variegatum – Denis 1956: 201; figs 12–14 (♀).</p><p>Zodarion tuber – Wunderlich 2022: 35; figs 69–71 (♂).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Lectotype (♀) and paralectotype (♀): ITALY: Sicily; MNHN-AR1512 . Holotype (♂) of Z. tuber: PORTUGAL: Fuzeta Islands near Fuzeta (Ria Formosa Natural Park), Olhão; 24 May 2016; J. Wunderlich leg.; ZMH A0014217, figures examined .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>PORTUGAL: 1 ♀; Monte Gordo, Vila Real de Santo António; 10 m a .s .l.; 5 April 1971; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; garrigue; CJFM-2498, G7572.1871. 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.53" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.015/lat 38.53)">Herdade da Mitra</a>, Évora; 38.53°N, 8.015°W; 26 April 2015, S . Korenko leg .; CMU. 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 juv .; close to road N379-1 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.46" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.01/lat 38.46)">Serra da Arrábida Natural Park</a>), Setúbal; 38.46°N, 9.01°W; 240 m a .s .l.; 29 May 2018; S . Pekár and D . Ortiz leg.; CMU. 1 ♂; Bordeira, Aljezur; 30 May 2018; S . Pekár and D . Ortiz leg.; CMU. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; 13 km South of Serpa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.822" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.622/lat 37.822)">Serpa</a>; 37.822°N, 7.622°W; 1 June 2018; S . Pekár and D . Ortiz leg.; CMU. SPAIN: 1 ♂; Málaga: Canillas de Albaida, 500 m a .s.l.; 29 March 1987; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM-18594, G7572.12832. 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Pinus forest at Parc Natural del Garraf, Barcelona; 17 May 2006; W . Nentwig leg .; CMU. 5 ♂; idem; 14 June 2006; W . Nentwig leg .; CMU. 1 ♂; Sitges; 9 September 2006; S . Pekár leg .; CMU. 3 ♂, 3 ♀; outside Nerja Caves, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.762" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.845/lat 36.762)">Málaga</a>; 36.762°N, 3.845°W; 2 October 2012; S . Pekár leg .; CMU. 1 ♀; Zaidín, Huesca; 150 m a .s .l.; 14 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Castellón de la Plana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.09&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.09/lat 39.983)">Castellón</a>; 39.983°N, 0.09°W; 70 m a .s .l.; 16 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 4 ♂, 16 ♀, 2 juv .; Torrecera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.607" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.941/lat 36.607)">Cádiz</a>; 36.607°N, 5.941°W; 16 October 2022; S . Pekár leg .; CMU. 2 ♀, 3 juv .; Matalascañas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.526/lat 36.985)">Huelva</a>; 36.985°N, 6.526°W; 18 November 2022; S . Pekár leg .; CMU. 1 ♀; Casares, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.279&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.279/lat 36.446)">Málaga</a>; 36.446°N, 5.279°W; 2 May 2024, S . Pekár and S . Shafaie leg.; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zodarion maculatum can be distinguished from other members within the elegans group by the presence of a long terminal apophysis in males (Figures 21H, 21I, 22A, 22B), and a short, protruding septum with a transverse, bean-shaped cavity in females (Figures 25H, 27F).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27F) Epigyne comprising a short, protruding septum with a transverse, bean-shaped cavity located behind the septum. Copulatory openings on sides of the septum.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MF919374, MT370075, MW760718, PQ119978.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (4): 1.1%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. machadoi): 7.1%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. styliferum): 3.6%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B.text	1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion mallorca Bosmans 1994	<div><p>Zodarion mallorca Bosmans</p><p>(Figures 8, 20J–L, 25D, 26D)</p><p>Zodarion mallorca Bosmans, 1994: 126; figs 27–29, 97–98 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Paratypes (♂, ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘Mallorca, Albufera’; 5 m a .s .l.; 16 April 1975; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; garrigue; CJFM-4583, G7572.2929.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Specimens of Z. mallorca can be distinguished from the closely related Z. pseudoelegans by their uniformly dark prosoma and the dark distal tips of the femora (vs bicolour prosoma and pale femora; compare Figures 8A, C and Figures 11A, C), the embolar tip, which is short and straight (vs long and bent embolus; compare Figure 20K and Figure 20N), and a small epigynal plate with a small cavity (vs larger epigynal plate and cavity; compare Figure 25D and 25E, 27D).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 25D) Epigyne with a small, bracket-shaped epigynal plate, anteriorly accompanied by a small, transverse, bean-shaped cavity. Copulatory openings not well visible.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>No molecular data available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.text	1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion marginiceps Simon 1914	<div><p>Zodarion marginiceps Simon</p><p>(Figures 9, 20G–I, 25C, 26C, 27C)</p><p>Zodarion marginiceps Simon, 1914: 228, 234; figs 457–459, 475 (♂ ♀). Zodarion marginiceps – Denis 1935a: 65; fig. 14 (♀). – Denis 1937: 12, pl. 2; figs 10–11</p><p>(♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1994: 122; figs 19–21, 93–94 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1997: 270; figs 10–11, 81–</p><p>82 (♂ ♀). – Pekár et al. 2011: 29 (♂). Zodarion monticola – Denis 1950: 87; fig. 13 (♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (♂, 2 ♀, 5 juv.): FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Pyrénées Orientalis, Mont Louis’; MNHN-AR9900, 22549 . Holotype of Z. monticola (♀): FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Hautes Pyrénées, Orédon, Prade Camon’; 1900 m a.s.l.; 8 July 1949; MNHN-AR9932 .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 1 ♀; labelled as ‘ Huesca, Hecho and Anso’; 1000 m a .s .l.; 8 September 1986; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; woods, stones; CJFM-14199, G7572.14865. 1 ♀; labelled as ‘Huesca, Formigal/Panti’; 1600 m a .s .l.; 9 September 1986; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones; CJFM-14214, G7572.14879. 1 ♂; Parque Natural Bahía de Cádiz, Cádiz; 15 April 2009; L . Sentenská leg .; CMU. 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.31" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.42/lat 42.31)">Arguis</a>, Huesca; 42.31°N, 0.42°W; 1000 m a .s .l.; 13 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zodarion marginiceps males can be distinguished from other members of the elegans group by the shape of the median apophysis, which possesses a long, pointed tip (Figure 20H), as well as a simple, elongated tibial apophysis with a bifid tip in retrolateral view (Figure 20I). Females can be distinguished by a sub-trapezoidal septum, characterised by a serrated incision at the antero-medial position (Figures 25C, 27C).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27C) Epigyne comprising a sub-trapezoidal septum. Septum broadened posteriorly, with a deep, serrated, collar-shaped incision at the antero-medial position. Sides of the septum sinuous in shape. Septum partially covering a pair of deep, antero-lateral copulatory openings.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MT370079, MT607952, MW999042, MW999043, MW999044, MW999045, MW999046, MW999047, MW999048, MW999049, MW999050, MW999051, MW999052, MW999053, PQ119979, PQ119980 .</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (16): 5.9%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. murphyorum): 6.7%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. styliferum): 3.5%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>France, Spain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF.text	1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion murphyorum Bosmans 1994	<div><p>Zodarion murphyorum Bosmans</p><p>(Figures 10, 21J–L, 25I, 26I, 27G)</p><p>Zodarion murphyorum Bosmans 1994: 129; figs 42–44, 105–106 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion murphyorum – Barrientos et al. 2017: 117; figs 12a–c (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Paratypes (♂, ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘Almería, El Playazo’, 0 m a .s.l.; 27 March 1990, J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg; stones, low plants; CJFM-18452, G7572.14697.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 1 ♀, 1 juv .; labelled as ‘Almería, Los Escullos’; 0 m a.s.l.; 23 March 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; CJFM-18361, G7572.14585. 1 ♂; labelled as ‘Almería, Cabo de Gata’; 0 m a .s.l.; 30 March 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones, low plants; CJFM-18511, G7572.14763. 1 ♀; labelled as ‘Almería, Los Genoveses’; 0 m a.s.l.; 31 March 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; beach, stones; CJFM-18517, G7572.14768. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; no further data; 5 June 2005; M . Cárdenas leg .; CMU. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Níjar, Rambla de las Yeguas, Almería; 24 May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU. 13 ♂, 18 ♀, 1 juv.; Camping Los Escullos, Almería; 24 May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Z. murphyorum can be distinguished from the closely related Z. beticum by a larger tibial apophysis with a ventral hump visible in retrolateral view (vs a smaller tibial apophysis with a terminal incision; compare Figure 21L and Figure 21C), and a median apophysis with a baso-lateral incision (vs without an incision; compare Figure 21K and Figure 21B). Females can be distinguished from the closely related Z. elegans by a small, M-shaped septum (vs relatively larger septum; compare Figures 25I, 27 Gand Figures 25K, 27H).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27G) Epigyne comprising a short, M-shaped septum with rounded corners broadened medially, and narrowed posteriorly. Epigyne with a large antero-median copulatory opening placed behind the septum.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MT370081, MW760707, PQ119985, PQ119981, PQ119982, PQ119983, PQ119984.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (4): 3.2%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. beticum): 2.0%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. beticum): 1.1%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.text	1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion pseudoelegans Denis 1934	<div><p>Zodarion pseudoelegans Denis</p><p>(Figures 11, 20M–O, 25E, 26E, 27D)</p><p>Zodarion marginiceps pseudoelegans Denis, 1934: 555 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion berlandi – Denis 1935a: 62; figs 9–10, 15 (♂ ♀). – Ledoux and Canard 1981: 19, fig. 38 (♀).</p><p>Zodarion pseudoelegans – Bosmans 1994: 124; figs 22–26, 95–96 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1997: 270; figs 8–9, 83–84 (♂ ♀). – Pekár et al. 2011: 29 (♂ ♀). – Canard and Cruveillier 2016: 34.</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (♂, 2 ♀, 3 juv.) of Z. marginiceps pseudoelegans Denis, 1934: FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Pyrénées Orientalis, La Tour de Carol, Amelie’; MNHN-AR9910 . Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (2 ♀) of Z. berlandi Denis, 1935: FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Pyrénées Orientalis, Banyuls sur mer’; MNHN-AR9912 .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 1 ♀; together with paralectotype of Zodarion diatretum; labelled as ‘ Cartagena, Alicante’; MNHN-AR1513 . 2 ♀; Platja d’en Bossa, Ibiza; 0 m a .s.l.; 11 April 1980; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; sand dunes; CJFM-8713, G7572.7798. 1 ♂; Puig de Sabina, Ibiza; 200 m a .s .l.; 16 April 1980; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; dry scrub, hillside; CJFM-8788, G7572.7888. 1 ♂; Pinus forest at Parc Natural del Garraf, Barcelona; 17 May 2006; W . Nentwig leg .; CMU. 2 ♀; Parc Natural del Montseny, Barcelona; 9 September 2006; S . Pekár leg .; CMU. 1 ♀; idem; 10 September 2006; J . Dolanský leg .; CMU. 1 ♀, 2 juv .; idem; 15 April 2009; E . Líznarová leg .; CMU. 4 juv.; Barranc de la Galera, Tarragona; 15 April 2009; L . Sentenská leg .; CMU. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Paratge Natural de Poblet, Tarragona; 15 April 2009; L . Sentenská leg .; CMU. 1 ♀; Parc Natural del Garraf, Barcelona; 15 April 2009; E . Líznarová leg .; CMU. 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.426" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.565/lat 42.426)">Navarrete</a>, La Rioja; 42.426°N, 2.565°W; 510 m a .s .l.; 13 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; 6 km Southeast Morella, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.039&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.568" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.039/lat 40.568)">Castellón</a>; 40.568°N, 0.039°W; 980 m a .s .l.; 15 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 4 ♀, 1 juv .; Vilaplana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.039&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.039/lat 41.225)">Tarragona</a>; 41.225°N, 1.039°W; 380 m a .s .l.; 15 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Barracas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.695/lat 40.016)">Castellón</a>; 40.016°N, 0.695°W; 980 m a .s .l.; 16 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 2 ♀, 1 juv .; El Pont De Vilomara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-1.894&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.708" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -1.894/lat 40.708)">Barcelona</a>; 40.708°N, 1.894°W; 250 m a .s .l.; 2 April 2024; Ľ . Černecká leg .; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>For diagnosis, refer to Z. mallorca .</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27D) Epigyne similar to that of Z. mallorca, but significantly wider (Figures 25E, 27D vs Figure 25D). Epigyne with a large, bracket-shaped epigynal plate, accompanied by a relatively large, transverse, bean-shaped cavity anteriorly.</p><p>Comment</p><p>The tubes containing the type series of Z. marginiceps and Z. berlandi were initially assumed to have four and one paralectotype individuals, respectively (Bosmans 1994). However, we found six Z. marginiceps and two Z. berlandi specimens instead.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MT370081, MW760707, PQ119985, PQ119986, PQ119987, PQ119988, PQ119989.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (7): 5.5%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. murphyorum): 7.0%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. styliferum): 1.6%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>France, Spain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.text	1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion sanchezi Shafaie and Pekar 2025	<div><p>Zodarion sanchezi Shafaie and Pekár sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 12, 23)</p><p>Zodarion sp. 3 . Ortiz et al. 2023b: 62; figs 1, 3, 4 (♂).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (♂) and paratypes (♂): SPAIN: Almería, Punta de Las Majadas, Níjar; 28 May 2012; S. Pekár leg.; NMP.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: Almería, 3 juv .; Punta de Las Majadas, Níjar; 28 May 2012; S . Pekár leg .; CMU.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is in honour of Íñigo Sánchez, who provided us with rare Spanish specimens.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male of the new species differs from that of Z. diatretum by several characters: the tibial apophysis gently curved, medially with a jagged mesal tubercle, terminally ending in a claw-shaped tip (vs strongly curved, medially humped, and terminally ending in a recurved, rounded tip; compare Figure 23C and Figure 21F); the median apophysis more developed in basal part (vs reduced and shaped as a spur; compare Figure 23B and Figure 21E); the embolus with a stout subterminal tooth that slightly diverged from the embolus (vs acutely pointed, with the subterminal tooth converging towards the embolus; compare Figure 23B and Figure 21E); and distinct prosoma pattern (Figure 12A vs Figure 4A).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male. (holotype). Total length 3.85, carapace 1.9 long, 1.25 wide. Prosoma. (Figures 12A–B) Carapace dark brown with an elongated heart-shaped median band, dorsally followed by a postero-median, smaller area; clypeus dark brown; chelicerae light; mouthparts pale; sternum light grey. Eyes. AME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.7, PME–PME 0.35, PLE–PLE 0.22, ALE–PLE 0.04. Abdomen. (Figures 12A–B) Abdomen dorsum uniformly black, venter yellow and brown. Spinnerets pale apically and light brown basally. Legs. Leg segments yellow except for dark femur I, femur II distal half and femora III–IV distal tip, and yellow tibiae I–IV. Legs: I 5.75 (1.6, 0.6, 1.3, 1.5, 0.75), II 5.45 (1.45, 0.55, 1.1, 1.45, 0.9), III 5.34 (1.34, 0.6, 1.05, 1.45, 0.9), IV 7.9 (2.15, 0.7, 1.85, 2.1, 1.1). Palp. (Figures 23A–F) Palp segments entirely yellow. Tibial apophysis elongated, ending in a diamond-shaped arm in ventral view, gradually recurved in retrolateral view, ending in a triangular tip, pointed at 3 o’clock position, medially accompanied by a jagged mesal tubercle, partially covering a triangular retrolateral tubercle. Median apophysis developed in basal part. Embolus oblong and stout, accompanied by a similar subterminal tooth, the two structures slightly converging. Tegulum slightly protruding posteriorly.</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>No molecular data available.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality in Spain .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.text	1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion valentii Bosmans, Loverre and Addante 2019	<div><p>Zodarion valentii Bosmans, Loverre and Addante</p><p>(Figures 13, 20D–F, 25B, 26B, 27B)</p><p>Enyo algerica Simon, 1870: 98 .</p><p>Enyo algerica – Simon 1873: 65, 172, pl. 2; fig. 12 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Enyo algiricum – Denis 1935c: 67, 69; figs 5–6 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion cfr. affine – Bosman, 1994: 126 (♀).</p><p>Zodarion valentii – Bosmans et al. 2019: 10; figs 4a–f, 5a–e (♂ ♀). – Benhalima and Bosmans 2020: 98; figs 23–24, 29–33, 44–48 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Syntype of Z. algiricum Denis, 1935 (♂ subadult): ALGERIA: no further data on the label; MNHN-AR9938.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Z. valentii can be distinguished from the closely related species Z. affine by a smaller tibial apophysis with an extended, recurved tip in retrolateral view (vs a larger tibial apophysis with a retrolateral tooth; compare Figure 20F and Figure 20C). Females are distinguished by the epigyne, which lacks a median septum (vs with a median septum; compare Figures 25B, 27B and Figures 25A, 27A), and by the presence of posterior borders of the copulatory openings (vs copulatory openings without posterior borders; compare Figure 27B and Figure 27A).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans et al. (2019). Epigyne. (Figure 27B) Epigyne similar to that of Z. affine, but without a median septum (Figure 27B vs Figure 27A). Epigyne comprising paired copulatory openings, medially merged; posterior borders of the copulatory openings extended like bending fingers.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>No molecular data from Iberian populations is available.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Spain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67.text	1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion vanimpei Bosmans 1994	<div><p>Zodarion vanimpei Bosmans</p><p>(Figures 14, 21M–O, 25J, 26J)</p><p>Zodarion vanimpei Bosmans, 1994: 130, figs 48–50, 109–110 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Paratype (♂): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Almería, Sierra Alhamilla’; 600 m a .s .l.; 4 April 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stone, low plants; CJFM-18593, G7572.15281.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 2 ♀; labelled as ‘ Almería, Sierra de Gádor’; 500 m a .s .l.; 2 April 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; sand dunes; CJFM-18557, G7572.15251. 1 ♂; labelled as ‘ Almería, Sierra Filabres’; 1800 m a .s .l.; 8 April 1990; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM-18778, G7572.12854.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>For males, refer to Z. diatretum . Female specimens of Z. vanimpei can be distinguished from the closely related Z. beticum by a broader ridge with a shallower antero-median incision (Figure 25J vs Figures 25F, 27E).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 25J) Epigyne similar to that of Z. beticum, but distinguished by a significantly robust, broader ridge with a shallower antero-median incision (Figure 25J vs Figure 25F). Epigyne with a large, deep antero-median copulatory opening.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>No molecular data available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E159D9BEFE7980D9FCA7.text	1533B37EFFB5E159D9BEFE7980D9FCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion italicum (Canestrini 1868)	<div><p>The italicum group in Iberia and the Canary Islands</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The Iberian and Canarian members of this group share the following characters: cymbium small, tibial apophysis small, triangular. Median apophysis more or less hook-shaped. Embolic division without subterminal tooth. Epigynal plate either sub-trapezoidal or triangular, laterally bordered by chitinous sutures.</p><p>Species included</p><p>Z. isabellinum (Simon, 1870), Z. italicum (Canestrini, 1868), Z. modestum (Simon, 1870), Z. nesiotes Denis, 1965, Z. nesiotoides Wunderlich, 1992 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFB5E159D9BEFE7980D9FCA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.text	1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion isabellinum (Simon 1870)	<div><p>Zodarion isabellinum (Simon)</p><p>(Figures 15, 24A–C, 25L, 26L, 27I)</p><p>Enyo isabellina Simon, 1870: 104 (♂). Enyo isabellina – Simon 1873: 66, pl. 2; fig. 11 (♂). Zodarion isabellinum – Denis 1935b: 104, pl. 1; figs 7–9 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans 1994: 136, figs</p><p>77–78, 129–130 (♂ ♀). – Bosmans et al. 2019: 16; figs 6c–f (♂). – Benhalima and Bosmans</p><p>2020: 96; figs 1–6, 15–18 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Paralectotypes (♂, ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Granada, Cádiz’; MNHN-AR1522 .</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>PORTUGAL: 1 ♂; 1.3 km North of Bordeira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.872&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.204" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.872/lat 37.204)">Aljezur</a>; 37.204°N, 8.872°W; 30 May 2018; S . Pekár and D . Ortiz leg.; CMU. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv .; 4 km north-east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.42/lat 38.165)">Moura</a>, Moura; 38.165°N, 7.42°W; 1 June 2018; S . Pekár and D . Ortiz leg.; CMU. SPAIN: 2 ♀; Las Águillillas Park, Jerez de la Frontera; 16 June 2010; I . Sanchez leg .; CMU. 5 ♂, 7 ♀, 3 juv .; Punta Entinas, Almería; 26 May 2012; S . Pekár and M . Cárdenas leg.; CMU. 1 ♀, 1 juv .; Salobreña, Granada; 27 May 2012; S . Pekár leg .; CMU. 1 ♀, 1 juv .; Málaga, Casabermeja; 29 May 2012; S . Korenko leg .; CMU. 6 ♂, 6 ♀, 2 juv .; Granada, Granada; 29 May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU. 4 ♂; Fuengirola, Málaga; 5 July 2012; S . Korenko leg .; CMU. 1 ♂; no further data; CMU . 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.812&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.785" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.812/lat 37.785)">West</a> outskirt of Jaén, Jaén; 37.785°N, 3.812°W; 510 m a .s .l.; 17 June 2018; D . Ortiz and E . Líznarová leg.; CMU. 7 ♂, 6 ♀, 3 juv .; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.607" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.941/lat 36.607)">Torrecera</a>, Cádiz; 36.607°N, 5.941°W; 16 November 2022; S . Pekár leg .; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Specimens of Z. isabellinum can be distinguished from other members of the italicum group by an embolus with a broad base in males (Figure 24B), and a sub-rectangular epigynal plate with a longitudinal, concave median septum in females (Figures 25L, 27I).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figures 25L, 27I) Epigynal plate sub-rectangular, with a longitudinal, concave median septum. Epigyne antero-laterally with a pair of copulatory openings.</p><p>Comment</p><p>Denis (1935b, fig. 9) and Bosmans (1994, fig. 129) both provided drawings of the female paralectotype specimen. However, these illustrations do not fully depict the concave septum as shown in Figure 25L.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MW760706, PQ119990.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (2): 1.1%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. modestum): 6.3%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. modestum): 3.4%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Italy, Morocco, Spain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.text	1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion italicum (Canestrini 1868)	<div><p>Zodarion italicum (Canestrini)</p><p>(Figures 16, 24D–F, 25M, 26M, 27J)</p><p>Enyo italica Canestrini, 1868: 196 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion italicum – Simon 1914: 230, 234, fig. 484 (♀).</p><p>See World Spider Catalog 2025.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>FRANCE: 54 ♂, 76 ♀; separated from the type series of Zodarion gallicum (Simon, 1873); labelled as ‘ Corsica, Gallia’; MNHN-AR2866 . 1 ♂, 1 ♀; together with type series of Zodarion ludibundum Simon, 1914; Corsica; MNHN-AR9916 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zodarion italicum can be distinguished from other species in the italicum group by the broad distal part of the median apophysis (Figure 24E), the recurved tip of the embolus (Figure 24E), and a trapezoidal epigynal plate (Figures 25M, 27J).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1997). Epigyne. (Figure 27J) Epigynal plate triangular, ~3.7 times wider at the base than long. Copulatory openings located at the postero-lateral edges of the epigynal plate.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>No molecular data from Iberian populations is available.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Europe, Russia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.text	1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion modestum (Simon 1870)	<div><p>Zodarion modestum (Simon)</p><p>(Figures 17, 24G–I, 25N, 26N, 27K)</p><p>Enyo modesta Simon, 1870: 145 (♂).</p><p>Zodarion modestum – Denis 1937: 32, pl. 6, figs 47–48 (♂). – Bosmans 1994: 136, figs 79– 80, 131–132 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Lectotype (♂) and paralectotype (♂): UNITED KINGDOM (IBERIA): Gibraltar; MNHN-AR1519, MNHN-AR1520.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 1 ♂; Zahara de los Atunes, Cádiz; 10 m a .s .l.; 9 April 1974; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; wooded hillside; CJFM-677, G7572.686. 1 ♀; idem; 0 m a .s.l.; 14 April 1974; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; sand dunes; CJFM-677, G7572.686. 2 ♀, 1 juv .; labelled as ‘ Málaga, Maro’; 100 m a .s .l .; May – April 1987; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM-14343, G7572.14989. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; labelled as ‘Málaga, Frigiliana’; 20 m a .s .l.; 20 April 1987; J . Murphy and F . Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM-14558, G7572.12808. 1 ♀; labelled as ‘Granada, Cádiz’; MNHN-AR1522. 3 ♂, 5 juv .; Rio Maitena, Granada; 28 May 2012; S . Pekár and S . Korenko leg.; CMU. 2 ♀, 1 juv .; Facinas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.702&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.702/lat 36.145)">Cádiz</a>; 36.145°N, 5.702°W; 2 December 2021; D. Ortiz and A . Avila leg.; urban grassland; CMU. 1 ♂; around pond of Western outskirt of Mont-Ras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-3.141&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -3.141/lat 41.915)">Girona</a>; 41.915°N, 3.141°W; 23 December 2021; D . Ortiz leg .; CMU. 4 ♂, 2 ♀; Casares, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.279&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.279/lat 36.446)">Málaga</a>; 36.446°N, 5.279°W; 2 May 2024, S . Pekár and S . Shafaie leg.; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Z. modestum can be distinguished from the closely related Z. isabellinum by the absence of an embolar base (vs present; compare Figure 24H and Figure 24B) and the gradually narrowing embolus (vs a more slender embolus; compare Figure 24H and Figure 24B), while females can be distinguished by a sub-trapezoidal epigynal plate with a longitudinal, midline suture (vs epigynal plate sub-rectangular, with a longitudinal, concave median septum; compare Figures 25N, 27K and Figures 25L, 27I).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27K) Sub-trapezoidal epigynal plate, with a longitudinal, midline suture posteriorly. Epigynal plate edges sinuous in shape.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ119991, PQ119992.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (2): 6.4%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. isabellinum): 6.3%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. isabellinum): 3.4%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Spain, United Kingdom (Gibraltar).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.text	1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion nesiotes Denis 1965	<div><p>Zodarion nesiotes Denis</p><p>(Figures 18, 24J–K)</p><p>Zodarion nesiotes Denis, 1965: 781; fig. 1 (♀).</p><p>Zodarion nesiotes – Wunderlich 1987: 236, figs 630–634 (♂ ♀). – Wunderlich 1992: 469, fig. 729 (♂).</p><p>Zodarion canariense – Wunderlich 1980: 229; figs 1–5 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Examined type material</p><p>Holotype (♀): CANARY ISLANDS: Tenerife (Att.); MNHN-AR9949, 22556.</p><p>Other material examined</p><p>CANARY ISLANDS: 2 ♂ (only palps available); Igueste de San Andrés, Tenerife; March 2020; GEEI leg .; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Zodarion nesiotes resembles Z. italicum; however, the males can be distinguished by their tibial apophysis, which is distinctly narrower with a slightly curved backward tip (vs tibial apophysis stouter with a tip more or less straight or weakly curved forward; compare Figures 24K–L and Figures 24E–F); the tip of the median apophysis directed laterally (vs folded inwardly; compare Figure 24K and Figure 24E), and the embolus terminally straight (vs curved; compare Figure 24K herein and fig. 60 in Bosmans 1997). Females of Z. nesiotes can be distinguished by the presence of voluminous atria (vs absent; compare Figure 26O and Figure 26M).</p><p>Comment</p><p>Since Z. nesiotes has only been described in German and French languages, we provide its characterisation in English. However, our redescription of the male specimens is limited to the copulatory organ, as the rest of the bodies were not available.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (Tenerife). Palp. (Figures 24J–L) Palp segments pale; cymbium with strong apical bristles on one side. Tibial apophysis stout at the base, narrowing gradually, ending in a ralatively curved backward tip. Median apophysis small, relatively stout at the base, distally ending in a beak-shaped structure. Embolus simple, gradually narrowing.</p><p>Female (holotype, MNHN). Total length 4.35, carapace 2.0 long, 1.34 wide. Prosoma. (Figures 18A–B) Carapace bicolour, with a light brown cephalic region and a yellow thoracic region; clypeus, chelicerae, sternum yellow; mouthparts yellow, with pale apical part. Eyes. AME 0.17, ALE 0.11, PME 0.1, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.09, ALE–ALE 0.42, PME–PME 0.36, PLE–PLE 0.24. Abdomen.(Figures 18A–B) Abdomen dorsum dark, abdomen venter and spinnerets yellow to pale. Legs. All segments uniformly yellow. Epigyne. (Figures 25O, 26O) Epigynal plate domed W-structure, medially broadened and antero-laterally connected to divereging sclerotised sides. Spermathecae small and attached to large, globular atria; the diameter of the atria twice that of the spermathecae, with the atria separated by a distance of 0.24 times their diameter. Copulatory openings not well visible.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ119993, PQ119994.</p><p>Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (2): 0%. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. extraneum): 10.1%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. extraneum): 5.4%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Canary Islands.</p><p>The pusio group in Iberia</p><p>Diagnosis: The single member of this group has the following characters: tibial apophysis elongated, terminally ventrally curved, with a tooth at the base. Median apophysis inverted, angular U-shaped, with an elongated tapering tip. Embolus straight, without subterminal tooth. Epigynal plate anteriorly and laterally bordered by chitinous sutures, epigynal plate convex, with a pair of lateral pits.</p><p>Species included Z. cesari Pekár, 2011 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.text	1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zodarion cesari Pekar, A - B 2011	<div><p>Zodarion cesari Pekár</p><p>(Figures 19, 24N–O, 25P, 26P, 27L)</p><p>Zodarion cesari Pekár et al., 2011: 23; figs 3–6 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Zodarion cesari – Déjean 2016: 14; figs 1A–D, 2 A–C, 3 B, 4 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>SPAIN: 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Moncada, València; 5 April 2007; C . Monzo leg .; CMU. 5 ♀, 1 juv .; idem; April 2008; C . Monzo leg .; CMU. 3 ♂; València, València; 7 September 2008; C . Monzo leg .; CMU. 1 ♂; 600 m West of the Valencian Institute of Agriculture Research, Moncada, València; 28 November 2021; D . Ortiz, A . Avila leg.; CMU.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The only pusio member in Iberia, Z. cesari, can be easily distinguished by a recurved tibial apophysis with a small tooth at the base (Figure 24O), and the transversely concave epigynal plate, accompanied by paired antero-lateral copulatory openings (Figures 25P, 27L).</p><p>Description</p><p>For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Pekár et al. (2011). Epigyne. (Figure 27L) Epigynal plate transversely concave, with a pair of shallow, antero-lateral copulatory openings. Pits located on postero-lateral sides of the epigyne.</p><p>Molecular data</p><p>COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): JF816705.</p><p>Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. machadoi): 9.2%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species ( Z. styliferum): 8.3%.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>France (Corsica), Spain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shafaie, Sepideh;Pekár, Stano;Ortiz, David	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
