taxonID	type	description	language	source
1533B37EFFA2E14ED8ABFCDF8393FA71.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Enyo nitida Audouin, 1826 Genus diagnosis and species composition: See Bosmans (1994) and World Spider Catalog (2025). Species groups and species composition The species groups are provided, along with additional details on diagnostic characters. The species groups are listed alphabetically, with the included species also presented in alphabetical order. The elegans group in Iberia Diagnosis: The Iberian members of this group share the following characters: tibial apophysis longer than wide, either terminally toothed or apically extended. Median apophysis beak- or hook-shaped, but with noticeable variation. Embolus always with a subterminal tooth. Epigyne very variable, with one or two copulatory openings. Pits often not well visible. Species included: Z. affine (Simon, 1870), Z. beticum Denis, 1957, Z. diatretum Denis, 1935, Z. elegans (Simon, 1873), Z. maculatum (Simon, 1870), Z. mallorca Bosmans, 1994, Z. marginiceps Simon, 1914, Z. murphyorum Bosmans, 1994, Z. pseudoelegans Denis, 1934, Z. sanchezi Shafaie and Pekár sp. n., Z. valentii Bosmans, Loverre and Addante, 2019, Z. vanimpei Bosmans, 1994.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA2E14FD8E6F9C98169FE2B.taxon	description	(Figures 2, 20 A – C, 25 A, 26 A, 27 A)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA2E14FD8E6F9C98169FE2B.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material: Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (3 ♀): SPAIN: no further data on the label; MNHN-AR 1521, MNHN-AR 1523. Other material examined: SPAIN: 1 ♀; Santa Pola, Alicante; 38.199 ° N, 0.559 ° W; 10 m a. s. l.; 3 June 2019; D. Ortiz, V. Pérez and A. Labrada leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2.taxon	description	(Figures 3, 21 A – C, 25 F, 26 F, 27 E)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Lectotype (♂, without abdomen) and paralectotype (♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Granada, Sierra Neveda, Pico de Veleta’; 2760 m a. s. l.; H. Janetschek leg.; MNHN-AR 9950. Other material examined SPAIN: 3 ♀; Almería: Playa de Cerrillos, 5 m a. s. l.; 31 March 1987; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; shingle, litter; CJFM- 14469, G 7572.12351. 1 ♀; Cabo de Gata, Almería; 0 m a. s. l.; 26 March 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones, low plants; CJFM- 18427, G 7572.14658. 2 ♂; idem; 3 April 1990; CJFM- 18579, G 7572.15270. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; no further data; 5 June 2005; M. Cárdenas leg.; low plants; CMU. 2 ♂, 7 ♀, 3 juv.; El Toyo, Almería; 24 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; outside of Punta Entinas, Almería; 25 May 2012; S. Pekár and M. Cárdenas leg.; CMU. 6 ♂, 3 ♀; Playa de Monsul, Almería; 26 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Granada, La Calahorra; 25 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Zodarion beticum can be distinguished from other members of the elegans group by the shape of the tibial apophysis, which is terminally recurved and incised in males (Figure 21 C), as well as by the W-shaped ridge covering a deep copulatory opening in females (Figures 25 F, 27 E).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA3E14CD8E9FB698050FCF2.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27 E) Epigyne with a single, deep antero-median copulatory opening. This copulatory opening posteriorly surrounded by a robust, W-shaped ridge that includes a broad, deep postero-median incision. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ 119974. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. murphyorum): 2.0 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. murphyorum): 1.1 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	description	(Figures 4, 21 D – F, 25 G, 26 G)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (♂, 2 ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Cartagena, Alicante’; MNHN-AR 1513.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Z. diatretum can be distinguished from the closely related Z. vanimpei by the median apophysis, which possesses a straight baso-lateral incision (vs with a recurved incision; compare Figure 21 E and 21 N). Females can be distinguished from other relatives in the elegans group by an inclined, brace-shaped epigynal plate covers a large, transverse copulatory opening (Figure 25 G).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne (Figure 25 G) Epigyne comprising an inclined brace-shaped epigynal plate, partially covering deep, transverse copulatory openings.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	discussion	Comment The tube containing the type series of Z. diatretum includes four specimens. Molecular data	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA0E14DD8F4FBED86AEFED0.taxon	description	COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ 119975, PQ 119976, PQ 119977. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (3): 0.13 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. styliferum): 6.4 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. styliferum): 4.1 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.taxon	description	(Figures 5, 21 P – R, 25 K, 26 K, 27 H)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material ‘ Type series’ (199 ♂, 71 ♀, 38 juv.): FRANCE: Corse; MNHN-AR 2853. Holotype (♀) and paratypes (13 juv.) of Z. elegans simplicior Simon, 1914: FRANCE: Monte Lubéron; MNHN-AR 9906 (25212).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Zodarion elegans males can be distinguished from other members of the elegans group by their elongated tibial apophysis, which is accompanied by an internal tooth (Figure 21 Q), and a hook-shaped median apophysis with a broad basal part (Figure 21 Q). Females can be identified by a relatively large, M-shaped septum (Figures 25 K, 27 H).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1997). Epigyne. (Figure 27 H) Epigyne comprising an M-shaped septum with rounded corners; septum gradually broadened posteriorly. Epigyne with a large, antero-median copulatory opening located behind the septum. Molecular data No molecular data from Iberian populations is available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA1E14DD8F5FDC483D0F96C.taxon	distribution	Distribution Southern Europe, North Africa.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.taxon	description	(Figures 6, 7, 21 G – I, 22, 25 H, 26 H, 27 F)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Lectotype (♀) and paralectotype (♀): ITALY: Sicily; MNHN-AR 1512. Holotype (♂) of Z. tuber: PORTUGAL: Fuzeta Islands near Fuzeta (Ria Formosa Natural Park), Olhão; 24 May 2016; J. Wunderlich leg.; ZMH A 0014217, figures examined. Other material examined PORTUGAL: 1 ♀; Monte Gordo, Vila Real de Santo António; 10 m a. s. l.; 5 April 1971; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; garrigue; CJFM- 2498, G 7572.1871. 1 ♀; Herdade da Mitra, Évora; 38.53 ° N, 8.015 ° W; 26 April 2015, S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 juv.; close to road N 379 - 1 (Serra da Arrábida Natural Park), Setúbal; 38.46 ° N, 9.01 ° W; 240 m a. s. l.; 29 May 2018; S. Pekár and D. Ortiz leg.; CMU. 1 ♂; Bordeira, Aljezur; 30 May 2018; S. Pekár and D. Ortiz leg.; CMU. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; 13 km South of Serpa, Serpa; 37.822 ° N, 7.622 ° W; 1 June 2018; S. Pekár and D. Ortiz leg.; CMU. SPAIN: 1 ♂; Málaga: Canillas de Albaida, 500 m a. s. l.; 29 March 1987; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM- 18594, G 7572.12832. 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Pinus forest at Parc Natural del Garraf, Barcelona; 17 May 2006; W. Nentwig leg.; CMU. 5 ♂; idem; 14 June 2006; W. Nentwig leg.; CMU. 1 ♂; Sitges; 9 September 2006; S. Pekár leg.; CMU. 3 ♂, 3 ♀; outside Nerja Caves, Málaga; 36.762 ° N, 3.845 ° W; 2 October 2012; S. Pekár leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Zaidín, Huesca; 150 m a. s. l.; 14 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Castellón de la Plana, Castellón; 39.983 ° N, 0.09 ° W; 70 m a. s. l.; 16 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 4 ♂, 16 ♀, 2 juv.; Torrecera, Cádiz; 36.607 ° N, 5.941 ° W; 16 October 2022; S. Pekár leg.; CMU. 2 ♀, 3 juv.; Matalascañas, Huelva; 36.985 ° N, 6.526 ° W; 18 November 2022; S. Pekár leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Casares, Málaga; 36.446 ° N, 5.279 ° W; 2 May 2024, S. Pekár and S. Shafaie leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Zodarion maculatum can be distinguished from other members within the elegans group by the presence of a long terminal apophysis in males (Figures 21 H, 21 I, 22 A, 22 B), and a short, protruding septum with a transverse, bean-shaped cavity in females (Figures 25 H, 27 F).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27 F) Epigyne comprising a short, protruding septum with a transverse, bean-shaped cavity located behind the septum. Copulatory openings on sides of the septum. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MF 919374, MT 370075, MW 760718, PQ 119978. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (4): 1.1 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. machadoi): 7.1 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. styliferum): 3.6 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAEE146D8CAFAC98085FB53.taxon	distribution	Distribution Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B.taxon	description	(Figures 8, 20 J – L, 25 D, 26 D)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Paratypes (♂, ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Mallorca, Albufera’; 5 m a. s. l.; 16 April 1975; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; garrigue; CJFM- 4583, G 7572.2929.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Specimens of Z. mallorca can be distinguished from the closely related Z. pseudoelegans by their uniformly dark prosoma and the dark distal tips of the femora (vs bicolour prosoma and pale femora; compare Figures 8 A, C and Figures 11 A, C), the embolar tip, which is short and straight (vs long and bent embolus; compare Figure 20 K and Figure 20 N), and a small epigynal plate with a small cavity (vs larger epigynal plate and cavity; compare Figure 25 D and 25 E, 27 D).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFAAE147D8C2FAD583CBFD8B.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 25 D) Epigyne with a small, bracket-shaped epigynal plate, anteriorly accompanied by a small, transverse, bean-shaped cavity. Copulatory openings not well visible. Molecular data No molecular data available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	description	(Figures 9, 20 G – I, 25 C, 26 C, 27 C)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	description	82 (♂ ♀). – Pekár et al. 2011: 29 (♂). Zodarion monticola – Denis 1950: 87; fig. 13 (♀).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (♂, 2 ♀, 5 juv.): FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Pyrénées Orientalis, Mont Louis’; MNHN-AR 9900, 22549. Holotype of Z. monticola (♀): FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Hautes Pyrénées, Orédon, Prade Camon’; 1900 m a. s. l.; 8 July 1949; MNHN-AR 9932. Other material examined SPAIN: 1 ♀; labelled as ‘ Huesca, Hecho and Anso’; 1000 m a. s. l.; 8 September 1986; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; woods, stones; CJFM- 14199, G 7572.14865. 1 ♀; labelled as ‘ Huesca, Formigal / Panti’; 1600 m a. s. l.; 9 September 1986; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones; CJFM- 14214, G 7572.14879. 1 ♂; Parque Natural Bahía de Cádiz, Cádiz; 15 April 2009; L. Sentenská leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Arguis, Huesca; 42.31 ° N, 0.42 ° W; 1000 m a. s. l.; 13 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Zodarion marginiceps males can be distinguished from other members of the elegans group by the shape of the median apophysis, which possesses a long, pointed tip (Figure 20 H), as well as a simple, elongated tibial apophysis with a bifid tip in retrolateral view (Figure 20 I). Females can be distinguished by a sub-trapezoidal septum, characterised by a serrated incision at the antero-medial position (Figures 25 C, 27 C).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27 C) Epigyne comprising a sub-trapezoidal septum. Septum broadened posteriorly, with a deep, serrated, collar-shaped incision at the antero-medial position. Sides of the septum sinuous in shape. Septum partially covering a pair of deep, antero-lateral copulatory openings. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MT 370079, MT 607952, MW 999042, MW 999043, MW 999044, MW 999045, MW 999046, MW 999047, MW 999048, MW 999049, MW 999050, MW 999051, MW 999052, MW 999053, PQ 119979, PQ 119980. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (16): 5.9 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. murphyorum): 6.7 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. styliferum): 3.5 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFABE144D8C9FD1F8317FD78.taxon	distribution	Distribution France, Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF.taxon	description	(Figures 10, 21 J – L, 25 I, 26 I, 27 G)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Paratypes (♂, ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Almería, El Playazo’, 0 m a. s. l.; 27 March 1990, J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg; stones, low plants; CJFM- 18452, G 7572.14697. Other material examined SPAIN: 1 ♀, 1 juv.; labelled as ‘ Almería, Los Escullos’; 0 m a. s. l.; 23 March 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; CJFM- 18361, G 7572.14585. 1 ♂; labelled as ‘ Almería, Cabo de Gata’; 0 m a. s. l.; 30 March 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones, low plants; CJFM- 18511, G 7572.14763. 1 ♀; labelled as ‘ Almería, Los Genoveses’; 0 m a. s. l.; 31 March 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; beach, stones; CJFM- 18517, G 7572.14768. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; no further data; 5 June 2005; M. Cárdenas leg.; CMU. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Níjar, Rambla de las Yeguas, Almería; 24 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 13 ♂, 18 ♀, 1 juv.; Camping Los Escullos, Almería; 24 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Z. murphyorum can be distinguished from the closely related Z. beticum by a larger tibial apophysis with a ventral hump visible in retrolateral view (vs a smaller tibial apophysis with a terminal incision; compare Figure 21 L and Figure 21 C), and a median apophysis with a baso-lateral incision (vs without an incision; compare Figure 21 K and Figure 21 B). Females can be distinguished from the closely related Z. elegans by a small, M-shaped septum (vs relatively larger septum; compare Figures 25 I, 27 Gand Figures 25 K, 27 H).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA8E145D8DEFCFE866AFDAF.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27 G) Epigyne comprising a short, M-shaped septum with rounded corners broadened medially, and narrowed posteriorly. Epigyne with a large antero-median copulatory opening placed behind the septum. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MT 370081, MW 760707, PQ 119985, PQ 119981, PQ 119982, PQ 119983, PQ 119984. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (4): 3.2 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. beticum): 2.0 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. beticum): 1.1 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	description	(Figures 11, 20 M – O, 25 E, 26 E, 27 D)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (♂, 2 ♀, 3 juv.) of Z. marginiceps pseudoelegans Denis, 1934: FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Pyrénées Orientalis, La Tour de Carol, Amelie’; MNHN-AR 9910. Lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (2 ♀) of Z. berlandi Denis, 1935: FRANCE: labelled as ‘ Pyrénées Orientalis, Banyuls sur mer’; MNHN-AR 9912. Other material examined SPAIN: 1 ♀; together with paralectotype of Zodarion diatretum; labelled as ‘ Cartagena, Alicante’; MNHN-AR 1513. 2 ♀; Platja d’en Bossa, Ibiza; 0 m a. s. l.; 11 April 1980; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; sand dunes; CJFM- 8713, G 7572.7798. 1 ♂; Puig de Sabina, Ibiza; 200 m a. s. l.; 16 April 1980; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; dry scrub, hillside; CJFM- 8788, G 7572.7888. 1 ♂; Pinus forest at Parc Natural del Garraf, Barcelona; 17 May 2006; W. Nentwig leg.; CMU. 2 ♀; Parc Natural del Montseny, Barcelona; 9 September 2006; S. Pekár leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; idem; 10 September 2006; J. Dolanský leg.; CMU. 1 ♀, 2 juv.; idem; 15 April 2009; E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 4 juv.; Barranc de la Galera, Tarragona; 15 April 2009; L. Sentenská leg.; CMU. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Paratge Natural de Poblet, Tarragona; 15 April 2009; L. Sentenská leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Parc Natural del Garraf, Barcelona; 15 April 2009; E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Navarrete, La Rioja; 42.426 ° N, 2.565 ° W; 510 m a. s. l.; 13 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; 6 km Southeast Morella, Castellón; 40.568 ° N, 0.039 ° W; 980 m a. s. l.; 15 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 4 ♀, 1 juv.; Vilaplana, Tarragona; 41.225 ° N, 1.039 ° W; 380 m a. s. l.; 15 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 1 ♀; Barracas, Castellón; 40.016 ° N, 0.695 ° W; 980 m a. s. l.; 16 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 2 ♀, 1 juv.; El Pont De Vilomara, Barcelona; 40.708 ° N, 1.894 ° W; 250 m a. s. l.; 2 April 2024; Ľ. Černecká leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis For diagnosis, refer to Z. mallorca.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27 D) Epigyne similar to that of Z. mallorca, but significantly wider (Figures 25 E, 27 D vs Figure 25 D). Epigyne with a large, bracket-shaped epigynal plate, accompanied by a relatively large, transverse, bean-shaped cavity anteriorly.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	discussion	Comment The tubes containing the type series of Z. marginiceps and Z. berlandi were initially assumed to have four and one paralectotype individuals, respectively (Bosmans 1994). However, we found six Z. marginiceps and two Z. berlandi specimens instead. Molecular data	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	description	COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MT 370081, MW 760707, PQ 119985, PQ 119986, PQ 119987, PQ 119988, PQ 119989. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (7): 5.5 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. murphyorum): 7.0 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. styliferum): 1.6 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFA9E15AD8D4FD478317FC45.taxon	distribution	Distribution France, Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	description	(Figures 12, 23)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype (♂) and paratypes (♂): SPAIN: Almería, Punta de Las Majadas, Níjar; 28 May 2012; S. Pekár leg.; NMP. Other material examined SPAIN: Almería, 3 juv.; Punta de Las Majadas, Níjar; 28 May 2012; S. Pekár leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet is in honour of Íñigo Sánchez, who provided us with rare Spanish specimens.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of the new species differs from that of Z. diatretum by several characters: the tibial apophysis gently curved, medially with a jagged mesal tubercle, terminally ending in a claw-shaped tip (vs strongly curved, medially humped, and terminally ending in a recurved, rounded tip; compare Figure 23 C and Figure 21 F); the median apophysis more developed in basal part (vs reduced and shaped as a spur; compare Figure 23 B and Figure 21 E); the embolus with a stout subterminal tooth that slightly diverged from the embolus (vs acutely pointed, with the subterminal tooth converging towards the embolus; compare Figure 23 B and Figure 21 E); and distinct prosoma pattern (Figure 12 A vs Figure 4 A).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	description	Description Male. (holotype). Total length 3.85, carapace 1.9 long, 1.25 wide. Prosoma. (Figures 12 A – B) Carapace dark brown with an elongated heart-shaped median band, dorsally followed by a postero-median, smaller area; clypeus dark brown; chelicerae light; mouthparts pale; sternum light grey. Eyes. AME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, AME – AME 0.05, ALE – ALE 0.7, PME – PME 0.35, PLE – PLE 0.22, ALE – PLE 0.04. Abdomen. (Figures 12 A – B) Abdomen dorsum uniformly black, venter yellow and brown. Spinnerets pale apically and light brown basally. Legs. Leg segments yellow except for dark femur I, femur II distal half and femora III – IV distal tip, and yellow tibiae I – IV. Legs: I 5.75 (1.6, 0.6, 1.3, 1.5, 0.75), II 5.45 (1.45, 0.55, 1.1, 1.45, 0.9), III 5.34 (1.34, 0.6, 1.05, 1.45, 0.9), IV 7.9 (2.15, 0.7, 1.85, 2.1, 1.1). Palp. (Figures 23 A – F) Palp segments entirely yellow. Tibial apophysis elongated, ending in a diamond-shaped arm in ventral view, gradually recurved in retrolateral view, ending in a triangular tip, pointed at 3 o’clock position, medially accompanied by a jagged mesal tubercle, partially covering a triangular retrolateral tubercle. Median apophysis developed in basal part. Embolus oblong and stout, accompanied by a similar subterminal tooth, the two structures slightly converging. Tegulum slightly protruding posteriorly. Female Unknown. Molecular data No molecular data available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB6E15BD867FBC880A3FB67.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.taxon	description	(Figures 13, 20 D – F, 25 B, 26 B, 27 B)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Syntype of Z. algiricum Denis, 1935 (♂ subadult): ALGERIA: no further data on the label; MNHN-AR 9938.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Z. valentii can be distinguished from the closely related species Z. affine by a smaller tibial apophysis with an extended, recurved tip in retrolateral view (vs a larger tibial apophysis with a retrolateral tooth; compare Figure 20 F and Figure 20 C). Females are distinguished by the epigyne, which lacks a median septum (vs with a median septum; compare Figures 25 B, 27 B and Figures 25 A, 27 A), and by the presence of posterior borders of the copulatory openings (vs copulatory openings without posterior borders; compare Figure 27 B and Figure 27 A).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans et al. (2019). Epigyne. (Figure 27 B) Epigyne similar to that of Z. affine, but without a median septum (Figure 27 B vs Figure 27 A). Epigyne comprising paired copulatory openings, medially merged; posterior borders of the copulatory openings extended like bending fingers. Molecular data No molecular data from Iberian populations is available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB7E158D84EFAE083C1FC90.taxon	distribution	Distribution Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67.taxon	description	(Figures 14, 21 M – O, 25 J, 26 J)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Paratype (♂): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Almería, Sierra Alhamilla’; 600 m a. s. l.; 4 April 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stone, low plants; CJFM- 18593, G 7572.15281. Other material examined SPAIN: 2 ♀; labelled as ‘ Almería, Sierra de Gádor’; 500 m a. s. l.; 2 April 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; sand dunes; CJFM- 18557, G 7572.15251. 1 ♂; labelled as ‘ Almería, Sierra Filabres’; 1800 m a. s. l.; 8 April 1990; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM- 18778, G 7572.12854.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis For males, refer to Z. diatretum. Female specimens of Z. vanimpei can be distinguished from the closely related Z. beticum by a broader ridge with a shallower antero-median incision (Figure 25 J vs Figures 25 F, 27 E).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB4E159D8C6FC9783CBFF67.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 25 J) Epigyne similar to that of Z. beticum, but distinguished by a significantly robust, broader ridge with a shallower antero-median incision (Figure 25 J vs Figure 25 F). Epigyne with a large, deep antero-median copulatory opening. Molecular data No molecular data available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E159D9BEFE7980D9FCA7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The Iberian and Canarian members of this group share the following characters: cymbium small, tibial apophysis small, triangular. Median apophysis more or less hook-shaped. Embolic division without subterminal tooth. Epigynal plate either sub-trapezoidal or triangular, laterally bordered by chitinous sutures. Species included	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	description	(Figures 15, 24 A – C, 25 L, 26 L, 27 I)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	description	2020: 96; figs 1 – 6, 15 – 18 (♂ ♀).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Paralectotypes (♂, ♀): SPAIN: labelled as ‘ Granada, Cádiz’; MNHN-AR 1522. Other material examined PORTUGAL: 1 ♂; 1.3 km North of Bordeira, Aljezur; 37.204 ° N, 8.872 ° W; 30 May 2018; S. Pekár and D. Ortiz leg.; CMU. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; 4 km north-east of Moura, Moura; 38.165 ° N, 7.42 ° W; 1 June 2018; S. Pekár and D. Ortiz leg.; CMU. SPAIN: 2 ♀; Las Águillillas Park, Jerez de la Frontera; 16 June 2010; I. Sanchez leg.; CMU. 5 ♂, 7 ♀, 3 juv.; Punta Entinas, Almería; 26 May 2012; S. Pekár and M. Cárdenas leg.; CMU. 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Salobreña, Granada; 27 May 2012; S. Pekár leg.; CMU. 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Málaga, Casabermeja; 29 May 2012; S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 6 ♂, 6 ♀, 2 juv.; Granada, Granada; 29 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 4 ♂; Fuengirola, Málaga; 5 July 2012; S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 1 ♂; no further data; CMU. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; West outskirt of Jaén, Jaén; 37.785 ° N, 3.812 ° W; 510 m a. s. l.; 17 June 2018; D. Ortiz and E. Líznarová leg.; CMU. 7 ♂, 6 ♀, 3 juv.; Torrecera, Cádiz; 36.607 ° N, 5.941 ° W; 16 November 2022; S. Pekár leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Specimens of Z. isabellinum can be distinguished from other members of the italicum group by an embolus with a broad base in males (Figure 24 B), and a sub-rectangular epigynal plate with a longitudinal, concave median septum in females (Figures 25 L, 27 I).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figures 25 L, 27 I) Epigynal plate sub-rectangular, with a longitudinal, concave median septum. Epigyne antero-laterally with a pair of copulatory openings.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	discussion	Comment Denis (1935 b, fig. 9) and Bosmans (1994, fig. 129) both provided drawings of the female paralectotype specimen. However, these illustrations do not fully depict the concave septum as shown in Figure 25 L. Molecular data	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	description	COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): MW 760706, PQ 119990. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (2): 1.1 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. modestum): 6.3 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. modestum): 3.4 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB5E15FD8CCFCB183BAFA3C.taxon	distribution	Distribution Italy, Morocco, Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.taxon	description	(Figures 16, 24 D – F, 25 M, 26 M, 27 J)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined FRANCE: 54 ♂, 76 ♀; separated from the type series of Zodarion gallicum (Simon, 1873); labelled as ‘ Corsica, Gallia’; MNHN-AR 2866. 1 ♂, 1 ♀; together with type series of Zodarion ludibundum Simon, 1914; Corsica; MNHN-AR 9916.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Zodarion italicum can be distinguished from other species in the italicum group by the broad distal part of the median apophysis (Figure 24 E), the recurved tip of the embolus (Figure 24 E), and a trapezoidal epigynal plate (Figures 25 M, 27 J).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1997). Epigyne. (Figure 27 J) Epigynal plate triangular, ~ 3.7 times wider at the base than long. Copulatory openings located at the postero-lateral edges of the epigynal plate. Molecular data No molecular data from Iberian populations is available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFB3E150D8D1FA2A8363FA67.taxon	distribution	Distribution Europe, Russia.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.taxon	description	(Figures 17, 24 G – I, 25 N, 26 N, 27 K)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Lectotype (♂) and paralectotype (♂): UNITED KINGDOM (IBERIA): Gibraltar; MNHN-AR 1519, MNHN-AR 1520. Other material examined SPAIN: 1 ♂; Zahara de los Atunes, Cádiz; 10 m a. s. l.; 9 April 1974; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; wooded hillside; CJFM- 677, G 7572.686. 1 ♀; idem; 0 m a. s. l.; 14 April 1974; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; sand dunes; CJFM- 677, G 7572.686. 2 ♀, 1 juv.; labelled as ‘ Málaga, Maro’; 100 m a. s. l.; May – April 1987; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM- 14343, G 7572.14989. 1 ♂, 2 ♀; labelled as ‘ Málaga, Frigiliana’; 20 m a. s. l.; 20 April 1987; J. Murphy and F. Murphy leg.; stones, litter; CJFM- 14558, G 7572.12808. 1 ♀; labelled as ‘ Granada, Cádiz’; MNHN-AR 1522. 3 ♂, 5 juv.; Rio Maitena, Granada; 28 May 2012; S. Pekár and S. Korenko leg.; CMU. 2 ♀, 1 juv.; Facinas, Cádiz; 36.145 ° N, 5.702 ° W; 2 December 2021; D. Ortiz and A. Avila leg.; urban grassland; CMU. 1 ♂; around pond of Western outskirt of Mont-Ras, Girona; 41.915 ° N, 3.141 ° W; 23 December 2021; D. Ortiz leg.; CMU. 4 ♂, 2 ♀; Casares, Málaga; 36.446 ° N, 5.279 ° W; 2 May 2024, S. Pekár and S. Shafaie leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Z. modestum can be distinguished from the closely related Z. isabellinum by the absence of an embolar base (vs present; compare Figure 24 H and Figure 24 B) and the gradually narrowing embolus (vs a more slender embolus; compare Figure 24 H and Figure 24 B), while females can be distinguished by a sub-trapezoidal epigynal plate with a longitudinal, midline suture (vs epigynal plate sub-rectangular, with a longitudinal, concave median septum; compare Figures 25 N, 27 K and Figures 25 L, 27 I).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Bosmans (1994). Epigyne. (Figure 27 K) Sub-trapezoidal epigynal plate, with a longitudinal, midline suture posteriorly. Epigynal plate edges sinuous in shape. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ 119991, PQ 119992. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (2): 6.4 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. isabellinum): 6.3 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. isabellinum): 3.4 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFFBCE16AD8C7F9E48009FC6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Spain, United Kingdom (Gibraltar).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	description	(Figures 18, 24 J – K)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	materials_examined	Examined type material Holotype (♀): CANARY ISLANDS: Tenerife (Att.); MNHN-AR 9949, 22556. Other material examined CANARY ISLANDS: 2 ♂ (only palps available); Igueste de San Andrés, Tenerife; March 2020; GEEI leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Zodarion nesiotes resembles Z. italicum; however, the males can be distinguished by their tibial apophysis, which is distinctly narrower with a slightly curved backward tip (vs tibial apophysis stouter with a tip more or less straight or weakly curved forward; compare Figures 24 K – L and Figures 24 E – F); the tip of the median apophysis directed laterally (vs folded inwardly; compare Figure 24 K and Figure 24 E), and the embolus terminally straight (vs curved; compare Figure 24 K herein and fig. 60 in Bosmans 1997). Females of Z. nesiotes can be distinguished by the presence of voluminous atria (vs absent; compare Figure 26 O and Figure 26 M).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	discussion	Comment Since Z. nesiotes has only been described in German and French languages, we provide its characterisation in English. However, our redescription of the male specimens is limited to the copulatory organ, as the rest of the bodies were not available.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	description	Description Male (Tenerife). Palp. (Figures 24 J – L) Palp segments pale; cymbium with strong apical bristles on one side. Tibial apophysis stout at the base, narrowing gradually, ending in a ralatively curved backward tip. Median apophysis small, relatively stout at the base, distally ending in a beak-shaped structure. Embolus simple, gradually narrowing. Female (holotype, MNHN). Total length 4.35, carapace 2.0 long, 1.34 wide. Prosoma. (Figures 18 A – B) Carapace bicolour, with a light brown cephalic region and a yellow thoracic region; clypeus, chelicerae, sternum yellow; mouthparts yellow, with pale apical part. Eyes. AME 0.17, ALE 0.11, PME 0.1, PLE 0.09, AME – AME 0.09, ALE – ALE 0.42, PME – PME 0.36, PLE – PLE 0.24. Abdomen. (Figures 18 A – B) Abdomen dorsum dark, abdomen venter and spinnerets yellow to pale. Legs. All segments uniformly yellow. Epigyne. (Figures 25 O, 26 O) Epigynal plate domed W-structure, medially broadened and antero-laterally connected to divereging sclerotised sides. Spermathecae small and attached to large, globular atria; the diameter of the atria twice that of the spermathecae, with the atria separated by a distance of 0.24 times their diameter. Copulatory openings not well visible. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): PQ 119993, PQ 119994. Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (2): 0 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. extraneum): 10.1 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. extraneum): 5.4 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF86E16ED8E8FBED83A2FB17.taxon	distribution	Distribution Canary Islands. The pusio group in Iberia Diagnosis: The single member of this group has the following characters: tibial apophysis elongated, terminally ventrally curved, with a tooth at the base. Median apophysis inverted, angular U-shaped, with an elongated tapering tip. Embolus straight, without subterminal tooth. Epigynal plate anteriorly and laterally bordered by chitinous sutures, epigynal plate convex, with a pair of lateral pits. Species included Z. cesari Pekár, 2011.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.taxon	description	(Figures 19, 24 N – O, 25 P, 26 P, 27 L)	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SPAIN: 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Moncada, València; 5 April 2007; C. Monzo leg.; CMU. 5 ♀, 1 juv.; idem; April 2008; C. Monzo leg.; CMU. 3 ♂; València, València; 7 September 2008; C. Monzo leg.; CMU. 1 ♂; 600 m West of the Valencian Institute of Agriculture Research, Moncada, València; 28 November 2021; D. Ortiz, A. Avila leg.; CMU.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The only pusio member in Iberia, Z. cesari, can be easily distinguished by a recurved tibial apophysis with a small tooth at the base (Figure 24 O), and the transversely concave epigynal plate, accompanied by paired antero-lateral copulatory openings (Figures 25 P, 27 L).	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.taxon	description	Description For a detailed description of the habitus and male palp, refer to Pekár et al. (2011). Epigyne. (Figure 27 L) Epigynal plate transversely concave, with a pair of shallow, antero-lateral copulatory openings. Pits located on postero-lateral sides of the epigyne. Molecular data COI mitochondrial barcodes (GenBank accession): JF 816705. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. machadoi): 9.2 %. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (Z. styliferum): 8.3 %.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
1533B37EFF82E16DDB1AFB01838EF96C.taxon	distribution	Distribution France (Corsica), Spain.	en	Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano, Ortiz, David (2025): Zodarion spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae): morphology, molecular characterisation and reassessment of the elegans, italicum, and pusio groups from Iberia and the Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 59 (25 - 28): 1825-1875, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2498047
