taxonID	type	description	language	source
1B218A74FFCC69744960FA23FB39FDB4.taxon	description	We recorded calls of six males on 5 March 2023 at Mahua. All males were calling on vegetation within 1.5 m of the ground, and within 3 m of the stream edge, and close to a paved path alongside the stream between the park entrance and the Mahua waterfall. Males started calling around dusk, and calling activity seemed to be strongest in the first three hours after dusk. There was no rain during recording hours. Other species active and calling in the same vicinity included Huia cavitympanum, Leptolalax pictus, Meristogenys orphnocnemis, and at least one Ansonia species. Recordings were between 3: 07 and 9: 23 min long, each with 1 – 30 calls at irregular intervals (Table 1). Visual inspection and measurements of dominant frequency, call duration, and delta frequency showed wide variation in call parameters and exact shape of calls (Fig. 2; supplementary material). For simplicity, we grouped calls into four broad types, but emphasise that three of the four groups contain variation in the exact call shape as well as in the dominant frequency, duration, and delta frequency. Type A: flat or slightly increasing, B: long slow decline, C: short rapid decline, and D: staccato. Due to the wide range of measured parameters within groups A – C, we report here the range of values observed rather than mean ± SE and provide data of each individual call in supplementary material. Type D (staccato) calls were much more consistent, with a dominant frequency of 3064.3 ± 63.9 (mean ± SE), consisting of 17.4 ± 3.3 pulses at a rate of 16.7 ± 0.3 pulses / sec. Little has been published about this species beyond its initial description, and during repeated nocturnal surveys in 2022, the authors (JAS, PVG, and PY) noted that while existing records state that this species has fine dark spots or melanophores on the chest and throat (Inger et al., 2017) (https: // www. frogsofborneo. org / frogs / ranidae / meristogenys / stigmachilus), these spots only appear during the day or after preservation, while during nocturnal observations the chest and throat are white. Additionally, males and females were previously reported to be 43 – 50 mm and 69 – 80 mm SVL, respectively, but our observations included males of 45 – 53 mm and females 82 – 84 mm SVL.	en	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Grafe, Ulmar, Márquez, Rafael, Narins, Peter M., Vázquez-García, Pablo, Yambun, Paul (2024): Call descriptions of two species of Meristogenys (Anura: Ranidae) from Sabah, Malaysia with novel notes on species morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 72: 356-363, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2024-0028
1B218A74FFCA69754960FDC7FE5DFB43.taxon	description	We recorded calls of four individuals of this species at Melanggong sub-station on 7 March 2023. Calls were emitted sporadically, with several minutes between bouts of calling, and several calls within approximately 10 s during each bout. All males were calling on vegetation within 1.5 m of the ground, and within 3 m of the stream edge, in the stretch of stream immediately visible from the park entrance. Males started calling around dusk, and calling activity seemed to be strongest in the first three hours after dusk. There was no rain during recording hours. Other species active and calling in the same vicinity included Huia cavitympanum, Leptolalax pictus, and Meristogenys orphnocnemis. In the 15 calls we recorded from four individuals, dominant frequencies ranged from 2540 – 4716 Hz with frequency modulation between 666 – 6348 Hz (supplementary material). We identified four call types (Table 3; Fig. 3): type A contains one or two harmonics and starts around 6000 to 7300 Hz ending around 2200 to 2500 Hz; type B does not contain harmonics and shows very minimal frequency modulation, starting around 3000 Hz and ending around 2400 Hz; type C is slightly concave, starting between 3000 and 4500 Hz and ending around 2100 to 3100 Hz; type D exhibits a short decline starting above 8200 Hz and ending below 2900 Hz. Like M. stigmachiulus, little has been published about this species beyond its initial description. We noted that while existing records state that this species has “ underside of head and body whitish with dark dots on throat and chest ” (Inger et al., 2017) (https: // www. frogsofborneo. org / frogs / ranidae / meristogenys / stenocephalus), we found these dots only appear during the day or after preservation, and during normal nocturnal observations the chest and throat are white. Further, males of this species were previously reported as 48 – 60 mm SVL and females 76 – 87 mm SVL (Inger et al., 2017), but our observations show males of this species to get up to 64 mm SVL and females to 90 mm SVL (Sheridan et al., 2023). Most notably, no existing descriptions of this species mention the green dorsal colouration with reddishbrown to bright red legs that we commonly observed (Fig. 4). While colouration varies between individuals, and within an individual from day to night, we found this colouration to be quite common and distinctive during nocturnal surveys, and helpful in distinguishing it from other members of this genus. Further, this species is described as having ‘ centre of tympanum dark without light spot’ (https: // www. frogsofborneo. org / frogs / ranidae / meristogenys / stenocephalus), but we found the centre of the tympanum to match the colouration on the side of the head, which was often beige or pale, not dark.	en	Sheridan, Jennifer A., Grafe, Ulmar, Márquez, Rafael, Narins, Peter M., Vázquez-García, Pablo, Yambun, Paul (2024): Call descriptions of two species of Meristogenys (Anura: Ranidae) from Sabah, Malaysia with novel notes on species morphology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 72: 356-363, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2024-0028
