identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1917224EFFCC926D8D26FEC1FC7EDA82.text	1917224EFFCC926D8D26FEC1FC7EDA82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acmella oleracea (L.) RK Jansen	<div><p>Essential oils from inflorescences (AOOi) and leaves (AOOl) of  Acmella oleracea .</p><p>Silver catfish exposed to 20 mg L- 1 of AOOi took longer to reach stages S2, S3a and S3b than those subjected to 80 and 100 mg L- 1. Furthermore, 80 mg L- 1 took less time to reach S4 than those subjected to 20 and 100 mg L- 1. Only fish anesthetized with 20 and 80 mg L- 1 recovered within the 30 min evaluation time (Tab. 4). Considering the AOOl concentrations evaluated, the time to reach the S2 stage was inversely proportional to the increase in concentration. The concentration of 100 mg L- 1 took longer to reach the anesthetic stage (S4) than 50, 200 and 300 mg L- 1. However, the concentration of 100 mg L- 1 was the one that recovered in the shortest time compared to the concentrations of 200 and 300 mg L- 1. However, it did not differ from 50 mg L- 1 in terms of anesthetic recovery time (Tab. 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1917224EFFCC926D8D26FEC1FC7EDA82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fortes, Carlos Herminio Magalhães;Ferrari, Fabiola Tonelli;Baldisserotto, Bernardo;Schmidt, Denise;Sutili, Fabrício Jaques;Heiznmann, Berta Maria	Fortes, Carlos Herminio Magalhães, Ferrari, Fabiola Tonelli, Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Schmidt, Denise, Sutili, Fabrício Jaques, Heiznmann, Berta Maria (2024): Anesthetic potential of essential oils from Brazilian native plants in Rhamdia quelen juveniles (silver catfish). Neotropical Ichthyology 22 (3): e 240034, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0034, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0034
1917224EFFCC926D8D26FC81FB41DB85.text	1917224EFFCC926D8D26FC81FB41DB85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aloysia hatschbachii	<div><p>Aloysia hatschbachii leaves essential oil (AHOl).</p><p>The 100 mg L- 1 concentration took longer to reach S2 than the 300 mg L- 1 concentration, but did not differ from 50 mg L- 1. To reach stages S3a and S3b, the concentration of 300 mg L- 1 took the least time. However, to achieve deep anesthesia the concentration that took the longest was 100 mg L- 1, but this did not differ from 50 mg L- 1. The concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L- 1 were those that achieved anesthetic recovery the fastest (Tab. 4).</p><p>Essential oil from leaves of  Aloysia hatschbachii (AHOl).</p><p>At 20 mg L- 1, fish were in the S2 stage from 10 min to 3 h after the start of the experiment. From 3 to 6 h, 87.5% of the fish exposed to this concentration remained sedated (S2), and 12 h after the start of the experiment, they showed normal behavior. After 10 min at 50 mg L- 1, 75% of the fish were in the S4 stage and the remaining fish in the S3b stage. After 20 min, 87.5% of the fish were in the S4 stage and the remaining ones in the stage S3b. All fish were in the S4 stage after 30 min and from this time onwards, the central depressant effect gradually regressed and after 12 h, most fish showed normal behavior. The concentration of 100 mg L- 1 induced the S4 stage in all fish from 10 min to 2 h, and a 3 h, all fish were at S5 (Fig. 1C).</p><p>Essential oil from leaves of  Aloysia hastschbachii (AHOl).</p><p>Regarding the signs of anesthesia induction/ CNS depression, the concentration-response curves for AHOl show a constant pattern (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the lowest concentrations showed a similar pattern between them, such as concentrations of 50 mg L- 1 (log = 1.69) and 100 mg L- 1 (log = 2.00), with a decrease in induction time for the highest concentration (300 mg L- 1; log = 2.47). However, the recovery time at this concentration increased and, in addition, the animals presented adverse effects. Thus, among the concentrations applied, the lowest may be indicated for silver catfish juvenile, as they have shorter recovery time and times to reach anesthetic induction stages similar to 100 mg L- 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1917224EFFCC926D8D26FC81FB41DB85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fortes, Carlos Herminio Magalhães;Ferrari, Fabiola Tonelli;Baldisserotto, Bernardo;Schmidt, Denise;Sutili, Fabrício Jaques;Heiznmann, Berta Maria	Fortes, Carlos Herminio Magalhães, Ferrari, Fabiola Tonelli, Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Schmidt, Denise, Sutili, Fabrício Jaques, Heiznmann, Berta Maria (2024): Anesthetic potential of essential oils from Brazilian native plants in Rhamdia quelen juveniles (silver catfish). Neotropical Ichthyology 22 (3): e 240034, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0034, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0034
1917224EFFCC926D8D26FB8AFB8ADD38.text	1917224EFFCC926D8D26FB8AFB8ADD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cordia verbenacea DC.	<div><p>Cordia verbenacea leaves essential oil (CVOl).</p><p>An inversely proportional relationship was observed between CVOl concentration and induction time to reach S2, which was achieved for all concentrations studied. Stages S3a and S3b were not reached within 30 min in fish exposed to 50 and 80 mg L- 1, and at higher concentrations there was no difference between them. The S4 stage was induced between 200 to 400 mg L- 1, also without differences between concentrations. The recovery times between the two lowest concentrations evaluated did not differ from each other and were below 20 min, while the fish subjected to concentrations of 100 to 400 mg L- 1 did not recover within the maximum observation period (Tab. 4).</p><p>Essential oil from leaves of  Cordia verbenacea (CVOl).</p><p>The fish subjected to 50 mg L- 1 of CVOl did not show behavioral changes up to 1 h after the start of the experiment (Fig. 1D). In the evaluation at 2, 3 and 6 h, 100% of the fish were in S2 stage. However, in the evaluation after 12 h until the last evaluation (48 h), 100% of the animals showed normal behavior. At a concentration of 80 mg L- 1, sedation (S2) was induced in 10 min. and lasted until 30 min. After 1 h from the beginning of the experiment, 62.5% of the fish were in the S3a stage and, after 2 h, the percentage of fish in this stage rose to 75%. In the 3-h assessment, 50% of the fish were in stage S3b, and the remaining ones were distributed between stages S3a and S2. After 6 h, the central depressant effect decreased, with 75% of animals in S2. In the evaluation 12 h after the start of the experiment, 100% of the fish were in S2 stage, and in the evaluations after 24 and 48 h, all returned to normal behavior. The 90 mg L- 1 concentration followed the same pattern as 80 mg L- 1 until 30 min., with all fish in S2. In the evaluation after 1 h, 100% of the animals were in S3a, and after 2 h, 62.5% of the animals continued in this stage and the remaining animals were in S2. After 3 h, 100% of the fish were in S3b, and in the next evaluation, 75% remained in S3b, with the other fish in S2. From this time on, the central depressant signs began to decrease and, at the last evaluation, all fish had returned to normal behavior. At 100 mg L- 1, after 10 and 20 min. 100% of the fish were in stage S2, in 30 min. 100% of the fish were in S3a and in the following evaluation, 100% were in S3b, remaining in this stage until 2 and 3 h after the beginning of the experiment. However, in the evaluation at 6 h, all animals regressed to stage S3a. From this time onwards, signs of central depression decreased until the 24-h assessment. However, at the end of the experiment (48 h), 12.5% of the animals were in S3a, 25% in S4 and the remaining fish were in S2.</p><p>Essential oil from leaves of  Cordia verbenacea (CVOl).</p><p>At higher concentrations, CVOl showed a pattern of decreasing induction times for S2 stage, as the concentration increased. Through the curve (Fig. 2D) it is possible to infer that the concentration of 400 mg L- 1 (log = 2.6) induces this stage with an average time of 7.72 s. Stage S3a was not reached at concentrations of 50 mg L- 1 (log = 1.69) and 80 mg L- 1 (log = 1.9). However, the estimated curve for this stage generated a constant line, from the concentration of 100 mg L- 1 (log = 2.0) to 400 mg L- 1 (log = 2.6). Stage S3b was very similar to the previous one, also not being reached at concentrations of 50 mg L- 1 (log = 1.69) and 80 mg L- 1 (log = 1.9). At this stage, a constant pattern was also maintained, observing a smooth drop in time due to the increase in concentration. On the other hand, stage S4 was only reached from a concentration of 100 mg L- 1 (log = 2.0), with a reduction in time also being observed in this case because of the increase in concentrations. This pattern was not strong enough to change the pattern of the generated concentration-response curve. Thus, considering the induction of anesthesia stages, the curve indicates that the higher the concentration applied, the better and faster the response. In the case of the concentration-recovery response curve, it is clear that the higher the concentration applied, the longer it will take the fish to recover. In this way, at a concentration of 200 mg L- 1 (log = 2.3) the maximum acceptable time for stage S4 is reached.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1917224EFFCC926D8D26FB8AFB8ADD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fortes, Carlos Herminio Magalhães;Ferrari, Fabiola Tonelli;Baldisserotto, Bernardo;Schmidt, Denise;Sutili, Fabrício Jaques;Heiznmann, Berta Maria	Fortes, Carlos Herminio Magalhães, Ferrari, Fabiola Tonelli, Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Schmidt, Denise, Sutili, Fabrício Jaques, Heiznmann, Berta Maria (2024): Anesthetic potential of essential oils from Brazilian native plants in Rhamdia quelen juveniles (silver catfish). Neotropical Ichthyology 22 (3): e 240034, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0034, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0034
