identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A6A09E30EFA35A6F9430BBE102E811B8.text	A6A09E30EFA35A6F9430BBE102E811B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Muciflexus inthanonensis V. S. Silva, K. D. Hyde & Jayaward. 2025	<div><p>Muciflexus inthanonensis V. S. Silva, K. D. Hyde &amp; Jayaward. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MFLU 24–0382.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>” inthanonensis ” refers to the type locality, Doi Inthanon, Thailand.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on a leaf of a fallen unknown broadleaf species. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, erect, appear in solitary or in groups. Surface mycelium composed of branched, hyaline, smooth-walled hyphae. Conidiophores erect, simple or occasionally branched, straight to flexuous, arranged in dense clusters or solitary, arising directly from hyphae, with 0–1 basal septa, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apical end, hyaline, smooth-walled, 19.5–85 (x ̄ = 55.3, n = 10) µm, base 2.2–3.2 (x ̄ = 2.6, n = 10) µm, apex 1.3–1.9 (x ̄ = 1.5, n = 10) µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, apically produce 1–4 conidia, adhering in slimy masses. Conidia solitary or occasionally grouped, straight to slightly curved, often aseptate or 1 - septate or rarely 2–3 septate, granular, fusoid, apex obtuse, base truncate, hyaline, smooth-walled, 10.5–19 (x ̄ = 13.9, n = 68) × 2.1–3.3 (x ̄ = 2.7, n = 68) µm, L / W 5.14.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>In both PDA and MEA media, culture diameter reaches an average of 6 mm within 5 days. On both media, colonies are flat. After about 45 days on the PDA media in the front, it develops in the buff with sparse white aerial mycelium at the centre. On the reverse also, it develops into buff with a smooth, entire margin. On the MEA media in front view, it develops into sparse mycelium white at the centre with an orangish margin ring extending to white aerial mycelium. On the reverse, it is buff and concentric rings gradually becoming light.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province,  Doi Inthanon National Park, on a fallen unidentified broadleaf species, 30 November 2022, V. S. Hittanadurage Silva, V 046 (holotype MFLU 24–0382); ex-type living culture (MFULCC 24–0502)  .</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS: PQ 528132, LSU: PQ 528133, SSU: PQ 528134, rpb 2: PQ 590309, tef 1 – α: PQ 568247.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, the dataset comprised 58 strains representing  Niessliaceae, including incertae sedis taxa. Following Hou et al. (2023), taxa with the species name, which are not yet formally accepted or validated under the International Code of Nomenclature for fungi, were also included. They are represented within “ ”. The outgroup is represented by four taxa from Nothoacremoniaceae (CBS 416.68, CBS 190.70, CBS 587.73, and CBS 397.70). The final concatenated nucleotide alignment was composed of ITS, LSU, rpb 2, and tef 1 – α with 2974 sites in total (ITS = 1–569; LSU = 570–1410; rpb 2 = 1411–2166; tef 1 – α = 2167–2974). The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded similar tree topologies, which are combined in Fig. 2. The maximum likelihood tree default setting in the IQ-TREE web server was used, and for the BI tree, the combined region run quality was checked using Tracer v 1.7. 2 after the runs were completed. All runs were conducted with effective sample size (ESS) values for all parameters. The alignment contained 1,340 unique sites (ITS = 357; LSU = 273; rpb 2 = 406; tef 1 – α = 304).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hou et al. (2023) conducted phylogenetic analyses identifying two distinct clades (Clade G &amp; Clade H) within the family  Niessliaceae . The authors highlighted that the phylogenetic relationships within  Niessliaceae remain unresolved, with several genera, viz.,  Niesslia,  Cylindromonium, and  Trichonectria, exhibiting polyphyletic characteristics (Hou et al. 2023).</p><p>In our analysis,  Muciflexus inthanonensis clustered within H.  Niessliaceae (Hou et al. 2023), alongside taxa from  Cylindromonium,  Trichonectria, and  Phialoseptomonium . However,  Trichonectria is currently classified as  Hypocreales genera incertae sedis (Perera et al. 2023; Hyde et al. 2024).  Muciflexus inthanonensis formed a sister clade to  Trichonectria setadpressa, with a BYPP of 0.98 and MLBS of 89 % statistical support. The noticeable branch length difference suggests that  M. inthanonensis forms a distinct lineage, which may be attributed to the inclusion of two additional gene regions (rpb 2 and tef 1 – α) not available for  T. setadpressa and potential genetic novelty. Morphologically,  T. setadpressa is characterised by sporodochia-like conidiomata with subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal conidia as its asexual morph (Flakus et al. 2019), whereas  M. inthanonensis produces clusters of simple or occasionally branched conidiophores with fusoid conidia. Additionally,  Trichonectria is a lichenicolous genus (Perera et al. 2023), while  M. inthanonensis is saprobic, found on a fallen unidentified broadleaf species. Furthermore, a pairwise comparison of all gene regions between  M. inthanonensis and  T. setadpressa (Table 2) provides further evidence supporting the genetic distinctiveness of the newly introduced genus.</p><p>N / A – Sequence is not available.</p><p>Morphologically,  Muciflexus inthanonensis closely resembles  Phialoseptomonium, particularly in spore characteristics. Its solitary fusoid conidia, which are granular, hyaline, smooth-walled, and adhere in slimy masses, are similar to those of  Phialoseptomonium (Crous et al. 2019 a) . However,  M. inthanonensis can be distinguished by its aseptate or 1–3 - septate, grouped conidia and comparatively smaller spore size ( P. eucalypti: L / W = 6.7,  P. junci: L / W = 6.2,  M. inthanonensis: L / W = 5.14). Phylogenetically,  M. inthanonensis clusters distantly from  Phialoseptomonium . While  Phialoseptomonium species have been reported as saprobes, taxonomic differentiation based on genetic data is also crucial. According to Raja et al. 2017, variation in the LSU gene region is indicative of differences at intermediate taxonomic levels, such as family and genus. Pairwise comparisons between  M. inthanonensis and  Phialoseptomonium species (Table 2) further support the likelihood that  M. inthanonensis does not belong to the same genus.</p><p>Cylindromonium exhibits polyphyletic behaviour and was established to accommodate  Acremonium - like taxa characterised by unbranched, hyaline conidiophores and cylindrical conidia (Crous et al. 2019 b). Apart from  C. alloxyli and  C. eugeniicola, the remaining members of the genus are lichenicolous (Suppl. material 2).  Cylindromonium alloxyli is mycophilic on  Meliola and was found on  Alloxylon pinnatum leaves (Crous et al. 2020), whereas  C. eugeniicola is saprobic on leaves (Crous et al. 2019). Crous et al. 2019 b mentioned the morphological resemblance between  Cylindromonium and  Phialoseptomonium; however, they can be distinguished by the cylindrical conidia of  Cylindromonium . Based on this, pairwise genetic distances were calculated among all  Cylindromonium and  Phialoseptomonium species (Suppl. material 3), with the resulting p - distance values presented in Table 3. These values were then compared against the p - distance values of  Muciflexus inthanonensis with both  Cylindromonium and  Phialoseptomonium, yielding the following results: ITS: 0.14–0.19, LSU: 0.12–0.06, tef 1 – α: 0.12–0.15, and rpb 2: 0.31–0.40. These values fall within or exceed the range that differentiates  Cylindromonium and  Phialoseptomonium . Additionally,  Muciflexus can be morphologically distinguished from  Cylindromonium by its occasionally branched conidiophores and fusoid, occasionally grouped conidia. These combined morphological and phylogenetic differences provide strong support for the novelty of the proposed genus.</p><p>Based on these host associations along with morphological and phylogenetic evidence, it is inconclusive to place  Muciflexus inthanonensis in any of the genera within the H clade of  Niessliaceae (Hou et al. 2023) . Therefore, here we propose a new genus,  Muciflexus, to accommodate  Muciflexus inthanonensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6A09E30EFA35A6F9430BBE102E811B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Perera, Rekhani H.;Li, Qirui;Hyde, Kevin D.	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Perera, Rekhani H., Li, Qirui, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Introducing Muciflexus inthanonensis gen. et sp. nov. and updates on Ochronectria (Hypocreales): New insights from leaf litter fungi in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 117: 67-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.147002
AA95E355D1AE5568B5BAEC254AC29DBD.text	AA95E355D1AE5568B5BAEC254AC29DBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Muciflexus V. S. Silva & Jayaward. 2025	<div><p>Muciflexus V. S. Silva &amp; Jayaward. gen. nov.</p><p>Classification.</p><p>Niessliaceae,  Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae,  Sordariomycetes .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>”Muci-” refers to the slimy nature of the conidial masses, and “flexus” refers to the flexibility or branching of the conidiophores.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Surface mycelium composed of hyaline, smooth-walled, branched hyphae. Conidiophores arising directly from hyphae, straight to flexuous, erect, branched, hyaline, arranged in dense clusters or solitarily, cylindrical and slightly tapering towards the apical end. Conidiogenous cells integrated, adhering in slimy masses, apically produce conidia. Conidia often aseptate or multiseptate, granular, fusoid, apex obtuse, base truncate, straight to slightly curved, hyaline, smooth-walled.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Muciflexus inthanonensis V. S. Silva, K. D. Hyde &amp; Jayaward.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA95E355D1AE5568B5BAEC254AC29DBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Perera, Rekhani H.;Li, Qirui;Hyde, Kevin D.	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Perera, Rekhani H., Li, Qirui, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Introducing Muciflexus inthanonensis gen. et sp. nov. and updates on Ochronectria (Hypocreales): New insights from leaf litter fungi in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 117: 67-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.147002
EEEB06BA308954A9A619A37669A44481.text	EEEB06BA308954A9A619A37669A44481.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochronectria Rossman & Samuels	<div><p>Ochronectria Rossman &amp; Samuels, emend V. S. Silva &amp; Jayaward.</p><p>Classification.</p><p>Bionectriaceae,  Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae,  Sordariomycetes .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ochronectria was established by Rossman et al. (1999), accommodating  Ochronectria calami as the type species. The genus features subglobose to globose ascomata that become cupulate upon drying, peridium with three distinct layers, clavate asci, and fusiform ascospores containing guttules (Rossman et al. 1999; Lechat 2010; Li et al. 2016). Three species are accepted under  Ochronectria, with no report on the asexual morph (Index Fungorum 2025). Discovery of the asexual form of  Ochronectria thailandica in this study reveals the asexual morph of  Ochronectria . Therefore, the genus description is emended here with general asexual morphology.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph: as described by the original description, Rossman et al. (1999)</p><p>Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on the host are solitary to gregarious, and the vegetative mycelium is superficial. Conidiophores erect, mononemotous, unbranched, 2 - septate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells elongate, hyaline, holoblastic, and apically produce monoblasitic conidia. Conidia aseptate, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, rarely ovoid, hyaline, smooth-walled.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEEB06BA308954A9A619A37669A44481	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Perera, Rekhani H.;Li, Qirui;Hyde, Kevin D.	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Perera, Rekhani H., Li, Qirui, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Introducing Muciflexus inthanonensis gen. et sp. nov. and updates on Ochronectria (Hypocreales): New insights from leaf litter fungi in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 117: 67-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.147002
47DC37B599A15661AF9E1F65CC973340.text	47DC37B599A15661AF9E1F65CC973340.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochronectria thailandica Q. J. Shang & K. D. Hyde	<div><p>Ochronectria thailandica Q. J. Shang &amp; K. D. Hyde</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph: see Li et al. (2016). Asexual morph: saprobic and hyphomycetous. Colonies on the host solitary to gregarious, vegetative mycelium superficial. Conidiophores erect, mononematous, smooth, hyaline, unbranched, 2 - septate, 70–89 (x ̄ = 77, n = 9) µm. Conidiogenous cell elongated, hyaline, holoblastic, apically producing monoblastic conidia, 22–37 (x ̄ = 28, n = 9) µm. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, ellipsoidal to cylindrical rarely ovoid, 4.5–8.5 × 2–3 (x ̄ = 6–2.5, n = 40) µm, L / W 2.5.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinating on MEA within 24 hours. Colonies on MEA reaching 1.4 mm diam. within 6 days in the dark at 25 ° C, edge entire, flat or effuse, sparse. After 7 days colonies become white on the front face, and from below, reddish yellow gradually becomes slightly dark when mature.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province,  Doi Inthanon National Park, on a petiole of a fallen broadleaf species, 30 November 2022, Veenavee Silva, V 054 a, MFLU 24–0383, MFULCC 24–0503</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS: PQ 454717, LSU: PQ 454721</p><p>In the phylogenetic analysis, the dataset consisted of 36 strains from  Bionectriaceae, with two taxa from  Stromatonectriaceae (CBS 125579 and CBS 127387) serving as the outgroup. The final concatenated nucleotide alignment included ITS, LSU, rpb 2, and tef 1 - α sequences, totalling 2854 sites (ITS: 1–514; LSU: 515–1290; rpb 2: 1291–2046; tef 1 – α: 2047–2854). Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses produced similar tree topologies; they were combined in Fig. 4, using the BI tree as the base. The IQ-TREE web server’s default settings were used for the maximum likelihood tree. At the same time, Tracer v 1.7. 2 was employed to assess the run quality of the BI tree, ensuring effective sampling size (ESS) values for all parameters. The alignment contained 1,096 unique sites (ITS: 262; LSU: 145; rpb 2: 419; tef 1 – α: 270). Although the target species,  Ochronectria thailandica, only had ITS and LSU sequences, all four loci were used in the multi-loci phylogenetic analysis, resulting in a stable tree.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Ochronectria thailandica was introduced by Li et al. (2016) in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, from unidentified wood in the water. Our collection from Doi Inthanon includes an isolate found on the petiole of a fallen broadleaf species, which is an asexual morph. In the multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, this isolate clusters with the ex-type strain of  Ochronectria thailandica (MFLUCC 15-0140) with BYPP of 1 and MLBS of 100 % support. Based on base pair comparisons, the ITS region is identical (99 %), with two gaps, and the LSU region is also identical (100 %), with no gaps. This confirms that our isolate shares the same identity as the type strain of  Ochronectria thailandica . As a result, we introduce the asexual morph of  O. thailandica here, supported by graphical illustrations and morpho-phylogenetic evidence. Previously,  Ochronectria was recognised as a genus with only a sexual morph, but our discovery establishes its holomorphic nature. Thus, we amend the genus description to include the asexual morph.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47DC37B599A15661AF9E1F65CC973340	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Perera, Rekhani H.;Li, Qirui;Hyde, Kevin D.	Hittanadurage Silva, Veenavee S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Perera, Rekhani H., Li, Qirui, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Introducing Muciflexus inthanonensis gen. et sp. nov. and updates on Ochronectria (Hypocreales): New insights from leaf litter fungi in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 117: 67-88, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.117.147002
