identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0C59BD409B785EF5B4C7943FF5A2B90E.text	0C59BD409B785EF5B4C7943FF5A2B90E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae Childress & Quandt 2025	<div><p>Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae Childress &amp; Quandt sp. nov</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after Abigail Ireland for her substantial contributions to the taxonomy of Pseudogymnoascus .</p><p>Type.</p><p>Antarctica • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=170.22821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-72.321266" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 170.22821/lat -72.321266)">Cape Hallett</a>, 72°19'16.57"S, 170°13'41.58"E, 2 m, from soil, 14 Dec 2004, coll. B. Adams. Holotype 273 ASP 01, stored in a metabolically inactive state in the CFMR Herbarium, while ex-type metabolically active material is stored in the Reference Culture Collection at the CFMR .</p><p>Description.</p><p>On CMA and PDA hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 0.9–1.9 μm wide. Coiled hyphae sometimes found on CMA. Hyphae form tight bundles of 3–11 hyphae on PDA. Racquet hyphae absent. Fertile hyphae bearing aleurioconidia, sessile or stalked. Arthroconidia not observed. Conidiophores abundant, solitary, usually curved, occasionally erect, arising in acute angles with the main axis, hyaline, smooth, usually bearing verticils of two to four branches arising from the stipe at an acute angle. Conidiophores more abundant on CMA than PDA. Aleurioconidia are pyriform to clavate or obovoid with a broad truncate basal scar, 2.8–4.6 × 1.7–3.2 μm (av = 3.7 × 2.5 μm, n = 50), in conidiophores separated by connective cells. Intercalary conidia are rare, pyriform to clavate, or subglobose, 2.4–3.9 × 1.6–2.4 μm (av = 3.1 × 2.0 μm, n = 11), in conidiophores separated by connective cells. Ascomata absent.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On OA, colonies reach 44 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, appressed, colorless to white, consisting of immersed and hyaline hyphae, small spots of white cottony aerial mycelium emerging throughout the colony, exudates and diffusible pigments absent; reverse white. On CMA, colonies reach 36 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, flat, floccose, gray to white, forming irregular concentric rings, filamentous margin, exudates and diffusible pigments absent; reverse white, brown to yellow at center. On SDA, colonies reach 43 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, irregular, slightly raised, floccose, shallow radial grooves, white to gray, margin filamentous and white, sparse exudates in the form of small transparent and colorless droplets, diffusible pigments absent; reverse light brown to yellow. On PDA, colonies reach 35 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, slightly raised, floccose, white, white cottony aerial mycelium emerging throughout the colony, exudates in the form of transparent and colorless droplets, diffusible pigments absent; reverse tan to cream. Growth occurred at 5 ° C and 15 ° C, with very minimal growth at 25 ° C; Optimum growth was observed at 15 ° C. No culture attenuation was observed.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cape Hallett, Antarctica.</p><p>Ecology / substrate.</p><p>Cultured from Antarctic soil.</p><p>Genbank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS = PQ 453553, LSU = PQ 453558, MCM 7 = PQ 497089, RPB 2 = PQ 497096, TEF 1 = PQ 497101</p><p>NCBI BioSample genome accession.</p><p>SAMN 40283453.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae has been placed as a member of clade K (Figs 1, 2), which also includes unidentified strain A 07 MA 10 (Minnis and Lindner 2013). Both Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae and strain A 07 MA 10 have a TEF 1 amino acid insert at the same position that no other Pseudogymnoascus species have (Minnis and Lindner 2013). Fig. 1 shows clade K as sister to clade I, however the placement of clade K in relation to other clades has low bootstrap support. The placement of this clade has continued to have low support since it was originally classified in Minnis and Lindner (2013). However, according to Fig. 2, there is strong bootstrap support for clade K being sister to clades B, E, F, G, H, I, J, Q; but data are missing for clades A, C, and D to confirm this placement. Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae can be distinguished from species in clade B by its presence of coiled hyphae. And differentiated from P. lanuginosus and P. fujianensis in clade E by smaller aleurioconidia size (Villanueva et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2021). Within clade F, P. destructans (Minnis and Lindner 2013) has asymmetrically curved conidia not observed in P. irelandiae . Clade G consists of P. palmeri, P. roseus, and P. rhousiogongylinus (Wener and Cain 1970; Crous et al. 2019, 2020), all of which have ascomata while P. irelandiae does not. Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae differs from P. yunnanensis, P. guizhouensis, P. camphorae, P. cavicola, P. zhejianensis, and P. catensis in clade H based on its presence of coiled hyphae (Zhang et al. 2020, 2021, 2023 b; Becker et al. 2023). Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae differs from P. hyalinus by its lack of coremia (Daszewska 1924), and from P. botryoides and P. antarcticus in clade I with its lack of arthroconidia (Villanueva et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2023 b). Within clade J are P. guiyangensis, P. zongqii, and P. sinensis, in addition to undescribed strains 10 NY 09, MN-Mycosel- 7, 10 NY 08, and 21 IN 10 (Minnis and Lindner 2013; Luo et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2020, 2023 b). Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae has a smaller hyphal width than P. guiyangensis (0.9–1.9 μm vs 1.5–2.5 μm). Pseudogymnoascus zongqii lacks exudates on PDA whereas P. irelandiae has colorless exudates. Pseudogymnoascus irelandiae has white colonies on PDA whereas P. sinensis has a light pink center. Lastly, P. irelandiae differs from P. ramosus in clade Q in its larger colony diameter on PDA, OA, SDA, and CMA, lack of gregariously branching groups of conidiophores, and different exudate colors. Phylogenetically, P. irelandiae forms a well-supported independent lineage with strain A 07 MA 10, with a bootstrap value of 100, being the first described species in clade K. We are not able to confirm if strain A 07 MA 10 is conspecific with P. irelandiae as we don’t have access to this isolate to analyze its culture and microscopic characteristics; however, we do know that their isolation sources are quite different, as A 07 MA 10 was cultured from soil from bat hibernacula in Massachusetts, USA (Minnis and Lindner 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C59BD409B785EF5B4C7943FF5A2B90E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Childress, Mary K.;Dragone, Nicholas B.;Young, Benjamin D.;Adams, Byron J.;Fierer, Noah;Quandt, C. Alisha	Childress, Mary K., Dragone, Nicholas B., Young, Benjamin D., Adams, Byron J., Fierer, Noah, Quandt, C. Alisha (2025): Three new Pseudogymnoascus species (Pseudeurotiaceae, Thelebolales) described from Antarctic soils. IMA Fungus 16: e 142219, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.142219
4A4D489E246A514391BEE134D56E0B8F.text	4A4D489E246A514391BEE134D56E0B8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudogymnoascus ramosus Childress & Quandt 2025	<div><p>Pseudogymnoascus ramosus Childress &amp; Quandt sp. nov</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to heavily branched hyphae with gregarious groupings of conidiophores.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Antarctica • Shackleton Glacier, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-176.74338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-84.62653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -176.74338/lat -84.62653)">Mount Franke</a>, 84°37'35.52"S, 176°44'36.12"W, 485 m, from soil, 2 Jan 2018, coll. B. Adams, G. Schellens, N. Fierer &amp; M. Shaver-Adams. Holotype 420 ASP, stored in a metabolically inactive state in the CFMR Herbarium, while ex-type metabolically active material is stored in the Reference Culture Collection at the CFMR .</p><p>Description.</p><p>On CMA and PDA hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 0.9–1.9 μm wide. Racquet hyphae absent. Fertile hyphae bearing aleurioconidia, sessile or stalked. Arthroconidia not observed. Conidiophores abundant, often grouping gregariously but sometimes solitary, erect, arising in acute angles with the main axis, hyaline, smooth, usually bearing verticils of two to four branches arising from the stipe at an acute angle. Conidiophores more abundant on CMA than PDA. Aleurioconidia are pyriform to clavate or obovoid with a broad truncate basal scar, 2.8–4.6 × 1.7–3.2 μm (av = 3.7 × 2.5 μm, n = 50), in conidiophores separated by connective cells. Intercalary conidia are rare, pyriform to clavate, or subglobose, 2.7–4.6 × 1.9–2.7 μm (av = 3.5 × 2.3 μm, n = 7), in conidiophores separated by connective cells. Ascomata absent.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On OA, colonies reach 14 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, slightly irregular, appressed, colorless to white, consisting of immersed and hyaline hyphae, small clumps of white cottony aerial mycelium, exudates and diffusible pigments absent; reverse white. On CMA, colonies reach 14 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, slightly irregular, dense and slightly umbonate, floccose, white, abundant exudates in the form of transparent pale pink large droplets, diffusible pigments absent; reverse brown. On SDA, colonies reach 14 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, slightly irregular, slightly raised and umbonate, floccose, shallow radial grooves, white at center, pink to white margin, exudates and diffusible pigments absent; reverse beige. On PDA, colonies reach 15 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, irregular, raised, umbonate, floccose, white, dense, exudates initially in the form of transparent and colorless droplets and aging to dark red within two weeks, brown diffusible pigments; reverse brown. Growth occurred at 5 ° C and 15 ° C, with very minimal growth at 25 ° C; optimum growth was observed at 15 ° C. No culture attenuation was observed.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Mount Franke and Schroder Hill, Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica.</p><p>Ecology / substrate.</p><p>Cultured from Antarctic soil.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>Schroder Hill, 508 ASP, ibid.</p><p>Genbank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS = PQ 453554, LSU = PQ 453559, MCM 7 = PQ 497092, RPB 2 = PQ 497097, TEF 1 = PQ 497100.</p><p>NCBI BioSample Genome Accession.</p><p>SAMN 40283454.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Pseudogymnoascus ramosus has been placed as a member of clade Q (Figs 1, 2), which also includes unidentified species VKM F-4520 (Leushkin et al. 2015). Fig. 1 shows Q as sister to clade A, B, C, and D, however the placement of clade Q in relation to these clades has low bootstrap support. Leushkin et al. (2015) first introduced clade Q and had low bootstrap support for determining its overall placement with other clades in their gene tree. According to Fig. 2, there is strong bootstrap support for clade Q being sister to clades B, E, F, G, H, I, J, K; but data are missing for clades A, C, and D to confirm this placement. A unique characteristic of P. ramosus not documented in any described species of Pseudogymnoascus is its heavily branched hyphae with gregarious groupings of conidiophores. It is also relatively slow growing, only reaching 14 mm in diameter after 28 days on OA, CMA, SDA, and 15 mm on PDA. Phylogenetically, our P. ramosus isolates, strain 420 ASP and 508 ASP, form a well-supported independent lineage with a bootstrap value of 100, being the first described species in clade Q.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A4D489E246A514391BEE134D56E0B8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Childress, Mary K.;Dragone, Nicholas B.;Young, Benjamin D.;Adams, Byron J.;Fierer, Noah;Quandt, C. Alisha	Childress, Mary K., Dragone, Nicholas B., Young, Benjamin D., Adams, Byron J., Fierer, Noah, Quandt, C. Alisha (2025): Three new Pseudogymnoascus species (Pseudeurotiaceae, Thelebolales) described from Antarctic soils. IMA Fungus 16: e 142219, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.142219
24F799FECDD556D78DB653B934CDE70A.text	24F799FECDD556D78DB653B934CDE70A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudogymnoascus russus Childress & Quandt 2025	<div><p>Pseudogymnoascus russus Childress &amp; Quandt sp. nov</p><p>Figs 7, 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to the russet red color of exudates produced by colonies on PDA at 15 ° C.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Antarctica • Shackleton Glacier, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-176.81122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-84.559586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -176.81122/lat -84.559586)">Mount Wasko</a>, 84°33'34.5"S, 176°48'40.38"W, 321 m, from soil, 4 Jan 2018, coll. I. Hogg, D. Wall &amp; M. Diaz. Holotype 99 ASP 01, stored in a metabolically inactive state in the CFMR Herbarium, while ex-type metabolically active material is stored in the Reference Culture Collection at the CFMR .</p><p>Description.</p><p>On CMA and PDA hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, 0.9–2.1 μm wide. Racquet hyphae absent. Fertile hyphae bearing aleurioconidia, sessile or stalked, rarely bearing intercalary conidia. Arthroconidia not observed. Conidiophores abundant, solitary, generally erect, sometimes curved, arising in acute angles with the main axis, hyaline, smooth, usually bearing verticils of two to four branches arising from the stipe at an acute angle. Conidiophores more abundant on CMA than PDA. Aleurioconidia are pyriform to clavate or obovoid with a broad truncate basal scar, 2.8–4.8 × 2.1–3.4 μm (av = 3.7 × 2.8 μm, n = 50), in conidiophores separated by connective cells. Intercalary conidia are rare, pyriform to clavate, or subglobose, 3.0–4.6 × 2.1–3.2 μm (av = 3.76 × 2.5 μm, n = 13), in conidiophores separated by connective cells. Ascomata absent.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>On OA, colonies reach 45 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, appressed, colorless to white, consisting of immersed and hyaline hyphae, small clumps of white cottony aerial mycelium emerging throughout the colony, exudates and diffusible pigments absent; reverse white. On CMA, colonies reach 36 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, round, flat, floccose, gray to white, margin filamentous and white, exudates and diffusible pigments absent; reverse rusty brown with white margin. On SDA, colonies reach 31 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, irregular, raised, floccose, radial grooves, yellowish to gray, margin filamentous and white, exudates in the form of transparent and colorless droplets, diffusible pigments faint brown; reverse brown. On PDA, colonies reach 30 mm in diameter after 28 days at 15 ° C, irregular, slightly raised, umbonate, floccose, radial grooves, gray, margin filamentous and white, exudates in the form of large russet red droplets, diffusible pigments faint brown; reverse dark brown. Also on PDA, colonies reach 28 mm in diameter after 28 days at 25 ° C, slightly irregular / nearly round, raised, slightly umbonate, floccose aerial mycelium, light pink to gray to white, margin filamentous and white, exudates in the form of rust colored droplets, brown diffusible pigments; reverse dark brown. Conidial production was greater at 25 ° C compared to 15 ° C. Growth occurred at 5 ° C, 15 ° C, and 25 ° C; Growth rates were approximately equal at 15 ° C and 25 ° C. No culture attenuation was observed.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Mount Franke and Mount Wasko, Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica.</p><p>Ecology / substrate.</p><p>Cultured from Antarctic soil.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>Shackleton Glacier, 390 ASP, ibid.</p><p>Genbank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS = PQ 453551, LSU = PQ 453556, MCM 7 = PQ 497090, RPB 2 = PQ 497095, TEF 1 = PQ 497099,</p><p>NCBI BioSample genome accession.</p><p>SAMN 40283452.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Pseudogymnoascus russus has been placed as a member of clade B (Figs 1, 2). Clade B is comprised of P. shaanxiensis, P. papyriferae, P. australis, and P. griseus (Zhang et al. 2020, 2023 b; Villanueva et al. 2021) Clade B also includes unidentified species RMFC 101, 10 KY 12, 14 PA 06, 11 MA 08, 04 NY 17 A, 24 MN 06, (Minnis and Lindner 2013) VKM F-4517 and VKM F-4515 (Leushkin et al. 2015). Pseudogymnoascus russus can be differentiated from all other described species in clade B by its production of russet red colored exudate on PDA at 15 ° C. Additionally, it can be differentiated by P. papyriferae, P. australis, and P. griseus by its lack of arthroconidia. Pseudogymnoascus russus can also be differentiated from P. shaanxiensis by its smaller hyphal width (0.9–2.1 μm vs. 1.5–2.5 μm). Phylogenetically our P. russus isolates, strains 99 ASP 01 and 390 ASP, form a well-supported single clade with a bootstrap value of 88, separated from other taxa (Fig. 1). Sister to P. russus isolates there is an unidentified strain 11 MA 08; which we are not able to confirm whether it’s conspecific with P. irelandiae as we don’t have access to this isolate to analyze its culture and microscopic characteristics; however, we do know that their isolation sources are quite different, as 11 MA 08 was cultured from soil from bat hibernacula in Massachusetts, USA (Minnis and Lindner 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/24F799FECDD556D78DB653B934CDE70A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Childress, Mary K.;Dragone, Nicholas B.;Young, Benjamin D.;Adams, Byron J.;Fierer, Noah;Quandt, C. Alisha	Childress, Mary K., Dragone, Nicholas B., Young, Benjamin D., Adams, Byron J., Fierer, Noah, Quandt, C. Alisha (2025): Three new Pseudogymnoascus species (Pseudeurotiaceae, Thelebolales) described from Antarctic soils. IMA Fungus 16: e 142219, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.142219
