identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905.text	2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choroterpes (Euthraulus) alagarensis Dinakaran, Balachandran & Anbalagan 2009	<div><p>Choroterpes (Euthraulus) alagarensis Dinakaran, Balachandran &amp; Anbalagan, 2009 (Fig. 2A)</p><p>Choroterpes (Euthraulus) alagarensis Dinakaran, Balachandran &amp; Anbalagan, 2009, 2064:22, Holotype ♂ imago, Nuburagangai stream, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 6 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.593895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.593895/lat 10.275)">Munishwarar Kovil</a>, 10°16'30" N, 77°35'38" E, 1271 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 7 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68584/lat 10.4425)">Thaliyuthu Water Falls</a>, 10°26'33" N, 77°41'09" E, 346 m, 02- vii-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 10 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.61361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.61361/lat 10.399445)">Nallathangal Stream</a>, 10°23'58" N, 77°36'49" E, 586 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Karnataka, Kerala &amp; Tamil Nadu (Dinakaran et al., 2009; Kluge et al., 2022a).</p><p>Choroterpes (Euthraulus) atelobranchis Kluge, Srinivasan, Vasanth, Sivaruban, Barathy, &amp; Isack, 2022 (Fig. 2B)</p><p>Choroterpes (Euthraulus) atelobranchis Kluge, Srinivasan, Vasanth, Sivaruban, Barathy, &amp; Isack, 2022, 5181:13, Holotype L-S-I ♂ Veerapandi River, Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 29 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68584/lat 10.4425)">Thaliyuthu Water Falls</a>, 10°26'33" N, 77°41'09" E, 346 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2022a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608662B76FFB7F95B2E64F905	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608602B77FFB7F98E2919F8BC.text	2057DC0608602B77FFB7F98E2919F8BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaglena agasthiya Vasanth, Subramnian & Selvakumar 2021	<div><p>Megaglena agasthiya Vasanth, Subramnian &amp; Selvakumar, 2021 (Fig. 2E)</p><p>Megaglena agasthiya Vasanth, Subramnian &amp; Selvakumar, 2021, 5076:64, Holotype ♂ larva, Pandipath stream, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Trivandrum district, Kerala, India.</p><p>Material examined. 8 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.523895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.253612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.523895/lat 10.253612)">Perumalmalai Stream</a>, 10°15'13" N, 77°31'26" E, 1670 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 10 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.52278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.252222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.52278/lat 10.252222)">Adukkam Falls</a>, 10°15'08" N, 77°31'22" E, 1685 m, 27-iv-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Kerala (Vasanth et al., 2021b), Tamil Nadu (New report).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608602B77FFB7F98E2919F8BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608602B77FFB7F89A2E47F7A9.text	2057DC0608602B77FFB7F89A2E47F7A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nathanella indica Demoulin 1955	<div><p>Nathanella indica Demoulin, 1955 (Fig. 2F)</p><p>Nathanella indica Demoulin, 1955, 31:2, Holotype ♂ imago – Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.523895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.253612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.523895/lat 10.253612)">Perumalmalai Stream</a>, 10°15'13" N, 77°31'26" E, 1670 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 42 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.52278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.252222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.52278/lat 10.252222)">Adukkam Falls</a>, 10°15'08" N, 77°31'22" E, 1685 m, 27-iv-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Demoulin, 1955).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608602B77FFB7F89A2E47F7A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FD6A2914FC5B.text	2057DC0608622B75FFB7FD6A2914FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ecdyonurus (Afronurus) kumbakkariensis (Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan 1989)	<div><p>Ecdyonurus (Afronurus) kumbakkariensis (Venkataraman &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, 1989) (Fig. 2H)</p><p>Cinygmina kumbakkaraiensis Venkataraman &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, 1989, 1:117, Holotype ♂ imago, Kumbakkarai, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 28 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10’24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 7 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 6 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023; Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Venkataraman &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608622B75FFB7FD6A2914FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FBE42FC1FA87.text	2057DC0608622B75FFB7FBE42FC1FA87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus (Ulmer 1939)	<div><p>Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus (Ulmer, 1939) (Fig. 2I)</p><p>Rhithrogeniella ornata Ulmer, 1939, 16:576, Holotype ♂ imago, Sunda Islands .</p><p>Material examined. 13 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 5 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2023b). Elsewhere: Indochina and the great Sunda Islands (Kluge et al., 2023b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608622B75FFB7FBE42FC1FA87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB4FA902914F9F1.text	2057DC0608622B75FFB4FA902914F9F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ecdyonurus (Thalerosphyrus) flowersi Venkataraman & Sivaramakrishnan 1987	<div><p>Ecdyonurus (Thalerosphyrus) flowersi Venkataraman &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, 1987 (Fig. 2J)</p><p>Thalerosphyrus flowersi Venkataraman &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, 1987, 56:1126, Holotype ♂ imago, Kumbakkarai, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 8 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10’24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 7 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 11 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.61361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.61361/lat 10.399445)">Nalla Thangal Stream</a>, 10°23'58" N, 77°36'49" E, 586 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Venkataraman &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, 1987).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608622B75FFB4FA902914F9F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7F93C2CDEF7AB.text	2057DC0608622B75FFB7F93C2CDEF7AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeorus (Epeorus) gilliesi Braasch 1981	<div><p>Epeorus (Epeorus) gilliesi Braasch, 1981 (Fig. 2K)</p><p>Epeorus gilliesi Braasch, 1981, 19 (20), 117, Holotype larva, Khandala River, Maharashtra.</p><p>Material examined. 28 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10’24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 5 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Maharashtra (Braasch, 1981), Karnataka &amp; Goa (Vasanth et al., 2021a), Tamil Nadu (Sivaruban et al., 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608622B75FFB7F93C2CDEF7AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC0608622B75FFB7FF3A2C95FD8A.text	2057DC0608622B75FFB7FF3A2C95FD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersula courtallensis Sivaramakrishnan 1984	<div><p>Petersula courtallensis Sivaramakrishnan, 1984 (Fig. 2G)</p><p>Petersula courtallensis Sivaramakrishnan, 1984, 26:199, Holotype ♂ imago – Courtrallam main falls, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.593895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.593895/lat 10.275)">Munishwarar Kovil</a>, 10°16'30" N, 77°35'38" E, 1271 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sivaramakrishnan, 1984), Karnataka (Selvakumar et al., 2018a), and Kerala (Kluge et al., 2022b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC0608622B75FFB7FF3A2C95FD8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FD022E10FC24.text	2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FD022E10FC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenis americani Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher & Isack 2021	<div><p>Caenis americani Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher &amp; Isack, 2021 (Fig. 2M)</p><p>Caenis americani Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy, Malzacher &amp; Isack, 2021, 4926:106, Holotype ♀ imago, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 8 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.593895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.593895/lat 10.275)">Munishwarar Kovil</a>, 10°16'30" N, 77°35'38" E, 1271 m, 27-iv-2023 , Coll: C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Srinivasan et al., 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FD022E10FC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FC12282FFB34.text	2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FC12282FFB34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja 2021	<div><p>Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2021 (Fig. 2N)</p><p>Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2021, 4980:367, Holotype ♂ imago, Vandiyur pond, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu state, India.</p><p>Material examined. 2 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.61361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.61361/lat 10.399445)">Nalla Thangal Stream</a>, 10°23'58" N, 77°36'49" E, 586 m, 02-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Muthukatturaja &amp; Balasubramanian, 2021; Srinivasan et al., 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FC12282FFB34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FE9D2EFAFDCE.text	2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FE9D2EFAFDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephemera (Aethephemera) nadinae McCafferty & Edmunds 1973	<div><p>Ephemera (Aethephemera) nadinae McCafferty &amp; Edmunds, 1973 (Fig. 2L)</p><p>Ephemera (Aethephemera) nadinae McCafferty &amp; Edmunds, 1973, 49:306, Holotype mature larva – Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 8 larvae, Munishwarar Kovil, 10°16'30" N, 77°35'38" E, 1271 m, 27-iv-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (McCafferty &amp; Edmunds, 1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FE9D2EFAFDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FAAA2801F96D.text	2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FAAA2801F96D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teloganodes (Dudgeodes) palnius Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus 2014	<div><p>Teloganodes (Dudgeodes) palnius Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan &amp; Jacobus, 2014 (Fig. 2O)</p><p>Dudgeodes palnius Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan &amp; Jacobus, 2014, 3846:95, Holotype ♂ larva, Palni hills, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 14 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10'24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 9 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 10 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 15 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.523895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.253612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.523895/lat 10.253612)">Perumalmalai Stream</a>, 10°15'13" N, 77°31'26" E, 1670 m, 27- iv-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.52278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.252222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.52278/lat 10.252222)">Adukkam Falls</a>, 10°15'08" N, 77°31'22" E, 1685 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023 ; 16 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Selvakumar et al., 2014b) and Karnataka (Kluge et al., 2023a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7FAAA2801F96D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7F8FE2929F7AC.text	2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7F8FE2929F7AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai Sartori 2008	<div><p>Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai Sartori, 2008 (Fig. 3A)</p><p>Teloganodes kodai Sartori, 2008, 1957:15, Holotype larva, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 2 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.523895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.253612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.523895/lat 10.253612)">Perumalmalai Stream</a>, 10°15'13" N, 77°31'26" E, 1670 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 14 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sartori et al., 2008; Selvakumar et al., 2018b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086D2B7AFFB7F8FE2929F7AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FE9B28F3FD3A.text	2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FE9B28F3FD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acentrella (Liebebiella) vera (Muller-Liebenau 1982)	<div><p>Acentrella (Liebebiella) vera (Müller-Liebenau, 1982) (Fig. 3B)</p><p>Pseudocloeon verum Müller-Liebenau, 1982, 95:285, Holotype mature nymph, Gombak River, Malaysia.</p><p>Material examined. 55 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10’24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 10 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 31 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 2 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.61361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.61361/lat 10.399445)">Nalla Thangal Stream</a>, 10°23'58" N, 77°36'49" E, 586 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 6 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023 ; 11 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2013). Elsewhere: Malaysia (Müller-Liebenau, 1982), Sri Lanka and Indonesia (Kluge et al., 2013), Java, Lombok and Thailand (Kluge &amp; Novikova, 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FE9B28F3FD3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FCFC2CF4FBC4.text	2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FCFC2CF4FBC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baetis (Tenuibaetis) frequentus (Muller-Liebenau & Hubbard 1985)	<div><p>Baetis (Tenuibaetis) frequentus (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard, 1985) (Fig. 3C)</p><p>Baetis frequentus Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard, 1985, 68:537, Holotype nymph, Sri Lanka.</p><p>Material examined. 4 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 15 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023 ; 13 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2023c). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard, 1985, Kluge et al., 2023c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FCFC2CF4FBC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FBB22E0CFA2A.text	2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FBB22E0CFA2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baetis venkataramani Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy & Isack 2023	<div><p>Baetis venkataramani Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023 (Fig. 3D)</p><p>Baetis venkataramani Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023, 24:150, Holotype ♀ mature nymph, Puliyuthu Falls, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 2 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10’24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 2 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01- vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sivaruban et al., 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086F2B78FFB7FBB22E0CFA2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B78FFB7F9EC2F8AF8EF.text	2057DC06086F2B78FFB7F9EC2F8AF8EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centroptella (Chopralla) ceylonensis Muller-Liebenau 1983	<div><p>Centroptella (Chopralla) ceylonensis Müller-Liebenau, 1983 (Fig. 3E)</p><p>Centroptella ceylonensis Müller-Liebenau 1983, 97:486, Holotype mature nymph, Sri Lanka.</p><p>Material examined. 2 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10'24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 27 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.54889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.54889/lat 10.203055)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> II, 10°12'11" N, 77°32'56" E, 448 m, 14-x-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.61361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.61361/lat 10.399445)">Nalla Thangal Stream</a>, 10°23'58" N, 77°36'49" E, 586 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 6 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Selvakumar et al., 2017), Kerala and Karnataka (Kluge, 2021). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka (Müller-Liebenau, 1983).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086F2B78FFB7F9EC2F8AF8EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086F2B79FFB7F8702E1DFE02.text	2057DC06086F2B79FFB7F8702E1DFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labiobaetis jacobusi Kubendran & Balasubramanian 2015	<div><p>Labiobaetis jacobusi Kubendran &amp; Balasubramanian, 2015 (Fig. 3F)</p><p>Labiobaetis jacobusi Kubendran &amp; Balasubramanian, 2015, 3957:195, Holotype ♂ larva, Vaigai River, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 4 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10'24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 17 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 4 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.52278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.252222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.52278/lat 10.252222)">Adukkam Falls</a>, 10°15'08" N, 77°31'22" E, 1685 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 4 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023 ; 14 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Kubendran et al., 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086F2B79FFB7F8702E1DFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FE7F2E09FD24.text	2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FE7F2E09FD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labiobaetis pulchellus (Muller-Liebenau & Hubbard 1985)	<div><p>Labiobaetis pulchellus (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard, 1985) (Fig. 3G)</p><p>Baetis pulchellus Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard, 1985, 68:544, Holotype ♂ nymph, Sri Lanka.</p><p>Material examined. 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68584/lat 10.4425)">Thaliyuthu Water Falls</a>, 10°26'33" N, 77°41'09" E, 346 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Kluge et al., 2023d). Elsewhere: Sri Lanka (Müller-Liebenau &amp; Hubbard, 1985; Kluge et al., 2023d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FE7F2E09FD24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FCC22E0CFC7A.text	2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FCC22E0CFC7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigrobaetis klugei Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy & Isack 2022	<div><p>Nigrobaetis klugei Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy &amp; Isack, 2022 (Fig. 3H)</p><p>Nigrobaetis klugei Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy &amp; Isack, 2022, 5091:183, Holotype ♀ mature nymph, Sastha falls, Rajapalayam district, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.53694/lat 10.173334)">Kumbakkarai Falls</a> I, 10°10'24" N, 77°32'13" E, 353 m, 14-x-2023 ; 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4377775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68528/lat 10.4377775)">Thalakuthu Main Falls</a>, 10°26'16" N, 77°41'07" E, 450 m, 02-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu (Sivaruban et al., 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FCC22E0CFC7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FBB82998F793.text	2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FBB82998F793.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procloeon (Procloeon) kottagudiensis Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja 2022	<div><p>Procloeon (Procloeon) kottagudiensis Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2022 (Fig. 3I)</p><p>Procloeon (Procloeon) kottagudiensis Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja, 2022, 5094:322, Holotype ♂ imago, Kottagudi stream, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>Material examined. 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.60944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.60944/lat 10.270278)">Moolaiyaru River</a>, 10°16'13" N, 77°36'34" E, 1217 m, 27-iv-2023 ; 4 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.68584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.4425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.68584/lat 10.4425)">Thaliyuthu Water Falls</a>, 10°26'33" N, 77°41'09" E, 346 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.61361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.399445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.61361/lat 10.399445)">Nalla Thangal Stream</a>, 10°23'58" N, 77°36'49" E, 586 m, 02-vii-2023 ; 17 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.328055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.715/lat 10.328055)">Varaiyaru Falls</a>, 10°19'41" N, 77°42'54" E, 1172 m, 01-vii-2023 ; 15 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.690834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.348888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.690834/lat 10.348888)">Umaiyaru River</a>, 10°20'56" N, 77°41'27" E, 1236 m, 01-vii-2023, Coll. C. Selvakumar &amp; party.</p><p>Distribution. India: Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Muthukatturaja &amp; Balasubramanian, 2022).</p><p>The following four mayfly species: Megaglena agasthiya, Choroterpes (Euthraulus) atelobranchis, Caenis maduraiensis and Nigrobaetis klugei are reported for the first time from the Palni Hills. The endemic species Megaglena agasthiya and Nathanella indica were found only in the high elevation sites (above 1670 m), whereas Isca sp. and Teloganodes (Dudgeodes) palnius were found in low elevation sites (353 m) as well as high elevation site (1685 m). The oriental species, Ecdyonurus (Rhithrogeniella) ornatus occurs in the moderate high elevation ranges between 1217 m and 1236 m. Ephemera (Aethephemera) nadinae is found at only one high elevation site (1271 m), which is characterised by slower water current and sandy bottom. In contrast, other mayflies exhibit overlapping distributions across different altitudes (Table 2). Out of 24 species distributed throughout Palni Hills, 12 occur in the low to moderate elevation study sites. Megaglena agasthiya, Isca sp., and Nathanella indica are distributed only in the southern Palni Hills, whereas Baetis (Tenuibaetis) frequentus is only distributed in the northern Palni Hills. Caenis americani occurs only in the southern Palni Hills, whereas Caenis maduraiensis is only found in the northern Palni Hills. The number of individuals and richness of species is decreasing with the increasing elevation, while the abundance of species and elevation are negatively correlated (r=0.26) (Fig. 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2057DC06086E2B79FFB7FBB82998F793	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Selvakumar, Chellappa;Ashokkumar, Chandran;Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham;De Oliveira Roque, Fabio;Gunasekaran, Mariappan	Selvakumar, Chellappa, Ashokkumar, Chandran, Sundar, Shunmugavelayutham, De Oliveira Roque, Fabio, Gunasekaran, Mariappan (2025): Diversity and distribution of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in the “ sky islands ” of Palni Hills, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 11 (2): 303-321, DOI: 10.61186/jibs.11.2.303, URL: https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.11.2.303
