taxonID	type	description	language	source
257FAE5A743CFFE1FF51758DFB4BA20A.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species. Hemisyntexis lepida Li, Wang, Rasnitsyn & Shih, sp. nov.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743CFFE1FF51758DFB4BA20A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name is a combination of Greek “ Hemi- ”, meaning half and referring to the pterostigma without sclerotized part basally, and the generic name Syntexis.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743CFFE1FF51758DFB4BA20A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mesonotum with scuto-scutellar sulci 1.5 times as long as notauli. Forewing with costal area narrow uniformly; pterostigma wedge, desclerotized basally, the rest part completely sclerotized, 0.6 times as long as 2 r-rs; Sc absent; 2 r-rs issuing from pterostigma at its mid-length; cell 2 r darkened; 1 - Rs proclival, twice as long as 1 - M; 2 - Rs front of 1 m-cu, 2 - M less than half 2 - Rs length; 5 - M (section between 3 r-m and wing margin) as long as 2 m-cu; cell 3 r 1.3 times as long as cells 1 r and 2 r together; cell 1 mcu hexagonal.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743CFFE1FF51758DFB4BA20A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new genus is unique within Syntexinae in having pterostigma not sclerotized basally. It belongs to the basal group of genera which retain 1 r-rs and long and proclival 1 - Rs. This group also includes Syntexis Rohwer, 1915, Dolichosyntexis Kopylov, 2019, Daosyntexis Kopylov, 2020, Parasyntexis Kopylov, 2020 and Hanguksyntexis Rosse-Guillevic et al., 2023. Within this group, Hemisyntexis is additionally unique in having pterostigma not reaching the middle 3 r cell (vs., pterostigma reaching the middle 3 r cell in Dolichosyntexis) and narrow (at 2 r-rs, much narrower than length of 2 r-rs, vs. at most as wide there as 2 r-rs long).	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743AFFE7FF51776CFD08A29A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Eosyntexis senilis Rasnitsyn, 1990. Species included. Eosyntexis senilis Rasnitsyn, 1990; Eosyntexis tuffinae Rasnitsyn, 1998; Eosyntexis catalonicus Rasnitsyn and Martínez-Delclòs, 2000; Eosyntexis parva Ortega-Blanco, Rasnitsyn and Delclòs, 2008. Revised diagnosis. Forewing with pterostigma sclerotized, not reaching midlength of cell 3 r; crossvein 2 r-rs at midlength of pterostigma (not near apex); 1 r-rs lost; Rs + M typically bifurcating right next to or slightly distally 1 m-cu; vein 1 - Rs proclival, issuing before the 1 - M and 1 - Cu bifurcation, more than twice as long as 1 - M; section 3 - Cu shorter than 4 - Cu. Ovipositor short, its apical section less than basal section.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743AFFE7FF51776CFD08A29A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Eosyntexis is the most diverse genus in Syntexinae that differs from all other genera in having a combination of the crossvein 1 r-rs completely lost and 1 - Rs long (more than twice as long as 1 - M) and proclival (1 - Rs issuing before the 1 - M and 1 - Cu bifurcation).	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743AFFE7FF5171E8FCF3A086.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Only the holotype, CNU-HYM-LB 2024501.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743AFFE7FF5171E8FCF3A086.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is from Latin “ lepidus ”, meaning exceptional and referring to the well-preserved fossil specimen. Horizon and locality. Huangbanjigou, Chaomidian Village, Shangyuan Township, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China; Lower Cretaceous (Barremiane – Aptian), Yixian Formation.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743AFFE7FF5171E8FCF3A086.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for the genus.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A743AFFE7FF5171E8FCF3A086.taxon	description	Description. Female. Head entirely dark, slightly darker than thorax and abdomen, with ovipositor slightly darker; legs lightly colored; wing veins dark (Fig. 1). Head: Moderately large, narrower than thorax, nearly round shaped. Eye elongate ovoid, occupying all head side; ocelli small, in wide triangle at level before eye midlength (Fig. 1 A). Antenna thin, with almost uniform width, flagellomeres partly preserved and almost equal in lengths, maximum 0.39 mm in length and 0.25 mm in width (Fig. 1 E). Thorax: Pronotum short and trapezoid, at least four times as wide as long; pronotum posterior border slightly curved in dorsal view. Mesoscutum large, with anterior margin nearly straight, with longitudinal sulcus and notauli strongly impressed (Fig. 1 B); mesoscutellum tapering to acutely sharp apex; ratio of lengths of prescutum, longitudinal sulcus between notauli and scuto-scutellar sulcus and scutellum 3.3 / 2.1 / 4.0. Mesopostnotum trapezoid (Fig. 1 C), slightly narrower than metascutellum; metascutum with metascutellum small, rounded quadrangularly, transverse; cenchri present and small. Leg: Legs spindly. Tarsi pentamerous, basitarsi long but shorter than remaining tarsomeres combined; tarsomeres (Fig. 1 D) about twice as long as wide; pretarsal claws more than half length of fifth tarsomere, with curved apices. Wing: Forewing three times as long as wide (Fig. 1 G); vein C and R slightly bent, 1 r-rs 1.2 times as long as 2 r-rs; 1 - Rs long and proclival, about twice as long as 1 - M; 2 - M distinct, 0.2 times as long as Rs + M; M + Cu slightly bent basally; 3 + 4 - M 2.4 times as long as 5 - M; 5 - M 1.2 times as long as 3 r-m; 3 r-m and 2 m-cu vertical; 2 - Cu twice as long as 1 - Cu; 1 cu-a straight, lying basally of cell a, as long as 1 - Cu; 2 + 3 A with distinct subbasal loop; cell 2 + 3 rm long and pentagonal, about 3.4 times as long as wide. Cell 1 r about 2.1 times as long as wide; cell 2 r short, as long as wide; cell 3 r 3.4 times as long as wide; cell 1 mcu about 1.7 times as long as wide. Abdomen: Abdomen only slightly narrower than mesothorax, first abdominal tergite split medially (Figs. 1 A, E). Ovipositor straight, prominent significantly behind abdomen, incompletely preserved (Fig. 1 E). First valvifer small, subhemicircular as visible (Fig. 1 F); second valvifer large narrowing up to single thickening before meeting with valvula 3 (saw sheath), six times as long as the first valvifer; valvula 2 (dorsal stylet) visible only basally at its thickened base; ovipositor sheaths almost straight, prominent significantly behind abdomen. Measurements (in mm). Body length at least 19.21, excluding ovipositor 16.90; head length 2.54, width 2.71; antenna 4.50 long as preserved; thorax length 4.06; abdomen length 10.51; forewing 10.24 long as preserved, maximum width 2.69; ovipositor length 8.94 as preserved.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7439FFE5FF5171E8FDA9A13A.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Only the holotype, CNU-HYM-LB 2024502.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7439FFE5FF5171E8FDA9A13A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is from the Latin “ conflatus ”, meaning expanded and referring to the expanded scape of the antenna. Locality and horizon. Huangbanjigou, Chaomidian Village, Shangyuan Township, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China; Lower Cretaceous (Barremiane – Aptian), Yixian Formation.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7439FFE5FF5171E8FDA9A13A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forewing with costal area narrower than veins C and R; pterostigma as wide as the length of 2 r-rs; Rs + M bifurcated before 1 m-cu; 2 - M as long as Rs + M; cell 3 r 1.6 times as long as cell 1 + 2 r; 3 r-m 1.3 times as long as 5 - M, 2 m-cu 1.1 times as long as 5 - M. Ovipositor short, its apical section less than half of basal section.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7439FFE5FF5171E8FDA9A13A.taxon	description	Description. Female. Head and thorax entirely dark, slightly darker than abdomen; ovipositor slightly darker; wing veins dark (Fig. 2). Head: Head moderately small, narrower than thorax. Head 5.51 mm wide and 0.74 mm long, nearly quadrate (Fig. 3 A). Antenna with 16 flagellomeres visible; scape slightly expanded; scape 0.50 mm long, maximum width 0.27 mm; pedicel 0.52 mm long, maximum width 0.21 mm; flagellomere I longer than scape, 0.19 mm wide, 0.76 mm long; flagellomere II 0.18 mm wide, 0.56 mm long, the visible parts of flagellomeres gradually shortened and their length-width ratio (excluding the first and second flagellomeres) from twice to 1.5 times toward the apex (Fig. 2 B). Thorax: Mesoscutum large, with anterior margin almost angular, the sculpture of the thorax almost not preserved (Fig. 2 A). Leg: Legs poorly preserved, hind tarsi thin, rather short (Fig. 2 A). Wing: Forewing 2.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 2 E, F). C and R bent; 1 - Rs twice as long as 1 - M; 2 - M short, 0.2 times as long as Rs + M; 2 r-rs slightly proclival; 3 + 4 - M 2.1 times as long as 5 - M; 1 m-cu slightly bent, as long as 2 m-cu; cell 1 + 2 r 2.3 times as long as wide; cell 3 r long and large, 3.6 times as long as wide; cell 1 mcu pentagonal, 1.3 times as long as wide; cell 2 mcu 1.6 times as long as wide; 2 - Cu 1.7 times as long as 1 - Cu; 1 - Cu 1.5 times as long as cu-a, located at the base of cell a. Abdomen: Abdomen slightly distorted and incompletely preserved (Fig. 2 A). Ovipositor with first valvifer small, subhemicircular as visible; second valvifer large, with thickening medially and basally, narrowing up to single thickening before meeting with ovipositor sheath (valvula 3); valvula 2 visible only basally at its thickened base; ovipositor straight, sword-shaped, 0.74 times as long as forewing length (Figs. 2 C, D); ovipositor sheaths slightly bent, elongated and narrowly rounded apically, prominent significantly behind abdomen (Fig. 2 A), 0.2 times as long as forewing length. Measurements (in mm). Body excluding ovipositor about 10.81 in length; head about 0.74 in length, 5.51 in width; thorax about 3.66 in length; abdomen about 6.25 in length; forewing (incompletely preserved) about 6.49 in length, maximum width 2.31; ovipositor about 4.85 in length.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7439FFE5FF5171E8FDA9A13A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species can be assigned to the genus Eosyntexis based on the forewing with pterostigma completely sclerotized and not reaching the midlength of cell 3 r; vein 1 r-rs absent; crossvein 2 r-rs arising from the mid-part of pterostigma (not from near apex); vein 1 - Rs more than twice as long as 1 - M, Rs + M ending near 1 m-cu. By the presence of 2 - M, the new species is most similar to E. senilis, but differs from it in having pterostigma as wide as 2 r-rs, 1 - M nearly as long as Rs + M.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7438FFE5FF5175B1FCC6A076.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Parasyntexis khasurtensis Kopylov, 2019.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7438FFEBFF5174FCFE81A61A.taxon	materials_examined	Material. CNU-HYM-LB 2024503 (P / C). Locality and horizon. Huangbanjigou, Chaomidian Village, Shangyuan Township, Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, China; Lower Cretaceous (Barremiane – Aptian), Yixian Formation.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7438FFEBFF5174FCFE81A61A.taxon	description	Description. Female. Head and thorax predominantly dark, slightly darker than abdomen; ovipositor slightly darker; legs lightly colored; forewing with pterostigma completely sclerotized; cell 1 r darkened and H-shaped pattern around veins 1 - Cu, 2 - Cu, 3 - Cu, 1 m-cu and 1 cu-a dark (Fig. 3). Head: Head moderately large, nearly oval, narrower than thorax. Compound eye large and ovate (Fig. 3 A, C). Antenna thick, strongly tapering to sharp apex, apparently short, with fifteen flagellomeres visible; scape slightly expanded (Fig. 3 B); scape 0.68 mm long, maximum width 0.45 mm; pedicel 0.82 mm long, maximum width 0.19 mm; flagellomere I shorter than scape, 0.21 mm wide, 0.91 mm long; flagellomere II 0.17 mm wide, 0.65 mm long; the visible parts of flagellomeres gradually shortened and their length-width ratio (excluding the first and second flagellomeres) from 3.2 times to one times toward the apex, except for the last flagellomere slender and twice as long as wide. Thorax: Pronotum trapezoid (Fig. 3 A). Mesoscutum large, with anterior margin nearly straight, median longitudinal sulcus and notauli strongly impressed; mesoscutellum tapering to acute apex; ratio of lengths of prescutum, median longitudinal sulcus between notauli and mesoscuto-mesoscutellar sulcus, and mesoscutellum 3.7 / 4.5 / 4.1 (Fig. 3 B), mesoscutellum triangular, tapering to acutely sharp apex (Fig. 3 F). Leg: Leg with pro- and metafemur shorter than tibia; profemur length 2.01 mm, metafemur length 1.78 mm, thick subapically, narrowed apically. Tarsi long and thin (Fig. 3 B, C). Wing: Forewing three times as long as wide (Fig. 3 G). Vein C and R thick, costal area wide medially. 1 r-rs 1.5 times as long as 2 r-rs (Fig. 3 H), 2 r-rs issuing from pterostigma at its one-third of apex, as long as pterostigma wide; 1 - Rs long, aligned with Rs + M, about 3.2 times as long as 1 - M; 2 - Rs + M short, 0.2 times as long as 1 - Rs + M; 2 r-rs slightly proclival; 2 + 3 - M 1.8 times as long as 4 - M; 4 - M slightly longer than 3 r-m and 2 m-cu. Cell 1 mcu pentagonal, about 1.7 times as long as wide; cell 2 mcu about 0.2 times as long as wide; 2 - Cu 0.8 times as long as 1 - Cu; 1 cu-a straight, shorter than 1 - Cu; 2 A + 3 A with long subbasal loop; cell 2 + 3 rm long and pentagonal, about 3.2 times as long as wide; cell 1 + 2 r 2.4 times as long as wide; cell 3 r about 3.3 times as long as wide; cell 3 r as long as 1 + 2 r. Abdomen: Abdomen slightly distorted, wider than the mesothorax, parallel-sided before ovipositor base. First abdominal tergite split medially (Fig. 3 A, C). Ovipositor with first valvifer small, subhemicircular as visible; second valvifer large, with thickening medially and distally, narrowing up to single thickening before meeting with valvula 3 (saw sheath), 1.2 times as long as valvula 3, valvula 2 (dorsal stylet) visible only basally at its thickened base (Fig. 3 D, E); ovipositor straight, sword-shaped (Fig. 3 A, D); ovipositor full length equal to 1.1 times forewing length; ovipositor elongated and narrowly rounded apically, prominent significantly behind abdomen, valvula 3 0.4 times as long as forewing length. Measurements (in mm). Body excluding ovipositor about 14.81 in length; head about 2.42 in length, 2.51 in width; thorax about 4.02 in length; abdomen about 8.28 in length; forewing (incompletely preserved) at least 9.72 in length, maximum width 3.61; ovipositor about 4.41 in length.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
257FAE5A7438FFEBFF5174FCFE81A61A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new specimen can be assigned to the genus Parasyntexis based on the forewing characters: costal area wide; pterostigma as wide as vein 2 r-rs long; 1 - Rs as long as pterostigma; both 1 r-rs and 2 r-rs developed, 1 r-rs 1.3 times as long as 2 r-rs; cell 2 r wider than pterostigma; Rs + M furcating after 1 m-cu, 2 Rs + M present, cell 1 mcu pentagonal. Kopylov (2019) described the type species P. khasurtensis based on one specimen; however, the antennae, thorax and ovipositor were not described due to the lack of preservation of these structures. Our well-preserved new specimen (CNU-HYM-LB 2024503 (P / C )) reported herein can supplement some new body characters for further study.	en	Li, Yi, Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong, Wang, Mei (2024): New fossil Anaxyelidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Siricoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of northeastern China. Zootaxa 5562 (1): 107-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5562.1.13
