identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
251E0316FFB68F7EFC7AF8ACFD8CA09D.text	251E0316FFB68F7EFC7AF8ACFD8CA09D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ghatiana Pati and Sharma 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014</p>
            <p> Type species.  Ghatiana aurantiaca Pati and Sharma,</p>
            <p>2014, by original designation; gender feminine.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The genus is characterized by the combination of the following morphological characters: the frontal margin is relatively narrow; the first and second maxillipeds each possesses a distinct flagellum on the exopod; the flagellum on the relatively longer exopod of the third maxilliped is absent; the male pleon is relatively stouter, with a relatively squarish pleonite somite 6; the male telson is elongated; G1 is relatively stouter and shorter; G2 is very short, with a very short distal segment (Pati and Thackeray, 2018; 2021).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/251E0316FFB68F7EFC7AF8ACFD8CA09D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hegde, Sameer Kumar Pati Tejas Thackeray Parashuram Prabhu Bajantri Gopalkrishna Dattatraya	Hegde, Sameer Kumar Pati Tejas Thackeray Parashuram Prabhu Bajantri Gopalkrishna Dattatraya (2022): A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014 (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Central Western Ghats, India. Nauplius (e 2022019) 30: 1-10, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022019, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022019
251E0316FFB58F75FE8BF978FCA5A700.text	251E0316FFB58F75FE8BF978FCA5A700.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ghatiana dvivarna Hegde 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 2–5, 6B, C, 7A–E)</p>
            <p>Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 90F91C43- D89A-4257-A9DE-DB6B1E9E3D62</p>
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                 Type material.   Holotype: male adult (CW 24.66 mm, CL 13.61 mm, CH 10.08 mm, FW 9.42 mm), ZSI-WRC C.2075, India, Karnataka State, Uttara Kannada District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.486/lat 14.801)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.486&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.801">Bare</a>
                 , 14.801°N 74.486°E, alt. 656 m, 7 Jul. 2021, coll. P.P. Bajantri and G.D. Hegde.  Paratypes: 2 males (CW 19.16–20.37 mm, CL 10.67–11.92 mm, CH 7.58-8.60 mm, FW 6.65– 7.73 mm) ,  1 female (CW 29.97 mm, CL 15.98 mm, CH 11.98 mm, FW 11.07 mm), ZSI-WRC C.2076, same data as holotype ;  1 male (CW 19.86 mm, CL 11.29 mm, CH 8.36 mm, FW 7.82 mm) ,  1 female (CW 18.23 mm, CL 10.43 mm, CH 7.70 mm, FW 7.18 mm), ZSI-WRC C.2077, same data as holotype . 
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            <p> Comparative material.  Ghatiana basalticola (Klaus,</p>
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                  Fernandez and Yeo, 2014): male holotype (17.30 × 10.10 mm), IISc-CES, India, Karnataka State,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.411/lat 15.566)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.566">Belgaum District</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.411/lat 15.566)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.566">Jiroli</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.411/lat 15.566)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.566">Bhimagad Wildlife Sanctuary</a>
                 , 15.566°N 74.411°E, alt. 852 m, Sep.2010, coll. Katrina Fernandez.   Ghatiana pulchra Pati and Thackeray, 2018 : male holotype (19.37 × 12.22 mm), ZSI-WRC C.1546, India, Maharashtra State, Satara District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.8/lat 17.246)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.246">Valmiki Pathaar</a>
                 , 17.246°N 73.800°E, alt. 1104 m, 8 Jul. 2016, coll. Tejas Thackeray. 
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            <p>  Type locality. India, Karnataka State,  Uttara</p>
            <p>
                  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.486/lat 14.801)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.486&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.801">Kannada District</a>
                 , Bare, 14.801°N 74.486°E, alt. 656 m. 
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            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace in adult proportionately broad (CW/CL = 1.7–1.9), strongly arched (CH / CL = 0.7) (Figs. 3A, B, 5A, B, 7B); lateral margins strongly convex (Figs. 3A, 5A, 7B); anterolateral margins relatively short, cristate (Figs. 3A, 5A, 7B); epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch (Figs.3A, 5A); branchial regions rugose(Figs.3A, 5A); frontal margin relatively close to anterior margin of epistome, hiding antennular fossae (Figs.3B, 5B, 7A). Eyes small relative to orbits; each eye with relatively slender eyestalk (Figs. 3B, 5B, 7A). First, second maxillipeds each with short flagellum on exopod; third maxilliped lacking f lagellum on exopod (Fig. 4A). Chelipeds in both males and females highly unequal,with pointed fingertips (Figs. 3A–C, 5A, B, 7E); major chela with relatively slender palm (Figs. 4B, 7E); ventral margin of fixed finger and distal half of palm of major chela gently concave (Figs. 4B, 7E). Ambulatory legs relatively short (P3 length/CL = approximately 2.0) (Figs. 3A, 5A). Male pleonal somite 6 subquadrate, slightly broader than long (Figs. 3C, 4C). Male telson elongated (Figs. 3C, 4C).G1 relatively slender, almost straight;terminal segment relatively slender, straight, relatively long, approximately 0.5 times length of subterminal segment; subterminal segment relatively slender (Figs. 4D,E, 7C). G2very short, with very short distal segment (Fig. 4F). Female pleon and telson in adult broadly subtriangular (Fig.5C). Vulvae in adult relatively closely positioned(VD/SW = approximately 0.2),each subovate in shape, relatively large, occupying approximately 0.5 times length of s6, positioned close to s5/s6 (Figs. 5D, 7D).</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific epithet,  dvivarna , is derived from the Sanskrit for ‘bicolor’, referring to the crab’s colour in life, which mainly consists of two colours (white and red-violet). The name is conceived here as a noun in apposition. </p>
            <p>Color in life. The anterior half of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax, the ventral surface of the cephalothorax and the chelipeds are white (Figs. 2A, B, 6B, C). The posterior half of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax is dark purplish brown (Figs. 2A, B, 6B). The ambulatory legs are red-violet (Figs.2A,B, 6B, C).</p>
            <p>Ecological notes. The species inhabits elevated mountains of the Central Western Ghats in rocky outcrops with grassy vegetation (Fig. 6A). The holes (25–50 mm in diameter) in the laterite rocks are their natural habitat (Fig. 6B) (see https://youtu.be/ d4lf_DoOwtQ). Individuals can also take shelter underneath small boulders. These crabs are generally seen during the monsoon(June–September).They are mostly active during the twilight. As many as 30–40 crabs/ 500m 2 can be seen during this time when the weather is very cloudy with precipitation or mist. Their activities minimize when rain halts, and the crabs during this time can be found in the rocky holes filled with rainwater. Some crabs were seen eating mosses growing on laterite rocks (Fig. 6C). Females carrying juvenile crabs were observed in the rocky holes.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ghatiana dvivarna  sp. nov. is currently known only from the type locality, i.e., Bare in the  Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka State, India. The type locality falls within the Central Western Ghats (Fig. 1)  . </p>
            <p> Remarks. All three male paratypes (ZSI-WRC C.2076, 2077) of  Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov. are adults but relatively smaller than the holotype male. The male paratypes are consistent with the holotype in allied diagnostic features and color in life. Both female paratypes (ZSI-WRC C.2076, 2077) are adults and possess all the non-sexually diagnostic characters as those in the holotype. The size of one the female paratypes (ZSI-WRC C.2076) is quite large, reaching about 30 mm in CW. No variation in the shape, size and position of the vulvae is observed between the female paratypes. </p>
            <p> The new species,  G.dvivarna sp. nov. , is exceptional among the congeners because of its predominantly white coloration (see color in life; Figs. 2A, B, 6B, C) (vs. color in life otherwise, never so white; see Pati and Sharma, 2014: fig. 8A, B; Klaus et al., 2014: fig. S1; Pati et al., 2016: fig. 2A, B; Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 2A–D; 2021: fig. 3A–C) and the smaller eyes relative to the orbits, with their eyestalk being relatively slender (Figs. 3B, 5B, 7A) (vs. eyes larger relative to the orbits, each eye with a relatively stouter eyestalk; Fig.7F, J; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: figs. 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B; 2021: figs. 1C, 4C). </p>
            <p> Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov. is also unique among congeners in that it has a proportionately broader carapace (CW/CL = 1.7–1.9; Figs. 3A, 5A, 7B) like those of  G. basalticola (CW/CL = 1.6–1.9; Fig. 7G; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 5A) and  G. pulchra (CW/CL = 1.6; Fig. 7K; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 8A). The remaining species of the genus have a proportionately narrower carapace (CW/CL = 1.2–1.5; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: figs. 3A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 9A, 10A; 2021: figs. 1A, B, 4A, B). With a broad carapace,  G. dvivarna sp. nov. morphologically resembles  G. pulchra more than  G. basalticola due to the nearly straight G1 that has a relatively longer terminal segment, approximately 0.5 times the length of the subterminal segment (Figs. 4D, 7C,L; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 8I) (vs. G1 is medially distinctly curved outwards, with a relatively shorter terminal segment, approximately 0.3 times the length of the subterminal segment in  G. basalticola ; Fig. 7H; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 5D). Additional difference is noted between  G. dvivarna sp. nov. and  G. basalticola in the shape of their vulvae, which is subovate in  G. dvivarna sp. nov. (Figs. 4D, 7D), while it is suborbicular in  G. basalticola (Fig. 7I; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 5H). </p>
            <p> Ghatiana dvivarna sp. nov. can be immediately distinguished from  G. pulchra by the almost hidden antennular fossae due to the relatively closely located frontal margin and the anterior margin of the epistome (Figs. 3B, 5B, 7A) (vs. frontal margin is located some distance from the anterior margin of the epistome exposing the antennular fossae; Fig. 7J; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 8B), the relatively slender palm of the major chela in adult males (Figs. 3B, 7E) (vs. major chela in adult males has a relatively stouter palm; Fig. 7M; see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig. 8D), and the relatively slender terminal segment of the G1 (Figs. 3D, E, 7C) (vs. G1terminal segment is relatively stouter; Fig. 7L;see Pati and Thackeray, 2018: fig.8I). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/251E0316FFB58F75FE8BF978FCA5A700	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hegde, Sameer Kumar Pati Tejas Thackeray Parashuram Prabhu Bajantri Gopalkrishna Dattatraya	Hegde, Sameer Kumar Pati Tejas Thackeray Parashuram Prabhu Bajantri Gopalkrishna Dattatraya (2022): A new species of the freshwater crab genus Ghatiana Pati and Sharma, 2014 (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Central Western Ghats, India. Nauplius (e 2022019) 30: 1-10, DOI: 10.1590/2358-2936e2022019, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022019
