identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3210E751FF821116FFC3543D15ADC561.text	3210E751FF821116FFC3543D15ADC561.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy	<div><p>Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy in Exell, Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tome 363. 1944. Kyllinga tenuifolia Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 69. 1855; Karthik. et al., Fl. Ind. Enum. Monocot. 61. 1989. Type: SENEGAL, s.d., F.M.R. Leprieur s.n. (holo P [P00070267 digital image!]).</p><p>Kyllinga pseudoalata Wad.Khan &amp; R.D.Taur in Wad.Khan, Cyperaceae W. Ghats, W. Coast &amp; Maharashtra 274. 2015. Cyperus pseudoalatus (Wad. Khan &amp; R.D.Taur) Kottaim., Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Pl. Biol. 6(10): 38. 2019, syn. nov. Type: INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirappalli district, near Bharathidasan University, 9.11.2003, R.D. Taur 472 (holo CAL [CAL0000025458!]).</p><p>Kyllinga triceps Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 14, t. 4, f. 6. 1773, nom. illeg.; C.B.Clarke in Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 587. 1893.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3210E751FF821116FFC3543D15ADC561	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	V. P., Prasad	V. P., Prasad (2021): On the identity and occurrence of Cyperus pseudoalatus and Cyperus richardii (Cyperaceae) in India. Rheedea 31 (2): 85-88, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.09
3210E751FF821115FFC3516A1685C75B.text	3210E751FF821115FFC3516A1685C75B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kyllinga	<div><p>Kyllinga (as Killingia) bulbosa auct. non P.Beauv. 1804: T.Koyama in Dassan., Revis. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 245. 1985; V.P.Prasad &amp; N.P.Singh, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot., Addit. Ser. 21 (Sedges Karnataka) 236. 2002. Fig. 1</p><p>Perennials with short rhizomes. Culms tufted, up to 27 cm tall, c. 1 mm thick. Leaves 1.5–2 mm broad, minutely scabrous on the margins towards apex. Inflorescence an ovoid head of 3–5 sessile glomerules bearing numerous spikelets, 12–15 × 12–13 mm. Involucral bracts 3 or 4, the lowest up to 12 cm long, spinulose-scabrous on the margins towards apex. Central glomerule ovoid, up to 9 × 7 mm; lateral ones sub-globose, up to 6 × 6 mm. Spikelets 2.5–3 × c. 0.8 mm. Achene-bearing glume c. 2 mm long, acuminate at apex. Stamens 2; filaments elongate up to 2.5 mm; anthers oblong, c. 0.5 mm long. Style c. 0.7 mm long; stigmas slightly longer, up to 0.9 mm long. Achene laterally compressed, biconvex, oblong, c. 1.3(–1.5) × 0.5 mm, apiculate, yellowish-brown.</p><p>Notes: While describing K. pseudoalata, the authors compared it with K. eglandulosa Govind. &amp; Ramani and the African species K. alata Nees. However, a study of the type of K. pseudoalata revealed that the characters match very well with those of C. tenuifolius (= K. tenuifolia), except the slightly bigger spikelets and achenes. It is not at all related to K. eglandulosa, the type of which is a short immature specimen of K. melanosperma Nees (= C.</p><p>melanospermus (Nees) Valck.Sur.) (Prasad, 2017). Kyllinga alata, distributed in tropical and southern Africa, bears a head comprising a single glomerule, 4–6.5 mm long spikelets and 1.6–1.8 mm long blackish achenes. In contrast, the inflorescence in the type of K. pseudoalata is an ovoid head of 3–5 glomerules, spikelets 2.5–3 mm long, achenes c. 1.3(–1.5) mm long and yellowish-brown. Since almost all the characters match those of C. tenuifolius and slightly larger spikelets and achenes are only minor variations, K. pseudoalata (= C. pseudoalatus) is treated here as a synonym of C. tenuifolius .</p><p>Kyllinga tenuifolia is at times treated as a synonym of K. bulbosa P.Beauv. (Prasad &amp; Singh, 2002, 2019) or vice versa (Karthikeyan et al., 1989). However, after checking the protologue and the accompanying illustration of K. bulbosa (Beauvois, 1805), it is concluded that the plants reported from India and Sri Lanka as K. bulbosa do not match with its type, but look like the type of K. tenuifolia . According to the protologue, the culm is solitary in K. bulbosa, however, the plants reported as K. bulbosa from India (Prasad &amp; Singh, 2002, 2019) and Sri Lanka (Koyama, 1985) are tufted. In Cyperaceae, solitary culms are usually found when the rhizome is creeping. Moreover, the figure in the accompanying illustration (Fig. a of Pl. VIII) of the protologue does not match the Indian plants determined as K. bulbosa or K. tenuifolia, particularly the bulbous base. Govaerts et al. (2021) treated K. bulbosa as a synonym of C. richardii . Carter et al. (2016) provided an illustration and photographs of C. richardii showing the bulbous base of the plant and other characteristics useful for the identification of this species. In the protologue of C. richardii, Steudel (1854) says that the spikelets are 4 or 5- flowered. However, in the Indian and Sri Lankan plants, the spikelets have only a single flower. Therefore, it is confirmed that the plants reported from India and Sri Lanka as K. bulbosa P.Beauv. (= C. richardii Steud.) are likely misidentified and actually represent C. tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy (= K. tenuifolia Steud.). Hence, the occurrence of C. richardii ( K. bulbosa) in India and Sri Lanka needs to be confirmed by undertaking further studies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3210E751FF821115FFC3516A1685C75B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	V. P., Prasad	V. P., Prasad (2021): On the identity and occurrence of Cyperus pseudoalatus and Cyperus richardii (Cyperaceae) in India. Rheedea 31 (2): 85-88, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.09
