identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
321B87F6FFF3F7724F65FA105E2EFE44.text	321B87F6FFF3F7724F65FA105E2EFE44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycianthes wollastonii (Wernham) A. R. Bean	<div><p>Lycianthes wollastonii (Wernham) A.R.Bean,</p><p>Austrobaileya 6(3): 568. 2003. Solanum wollastonii Wernham, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 9(1): 120. 1916.</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Symon, 1985): INDONESIA, Papua Province (= New Guinea), Camp VIII–IX [Mt Carstensz], [01–04. 1913], Kloss s.n. (BM [BM001014583 digital image!]) . Fig. 1</p><p>Slender woody perennial climber, or epiphytic (fide Wernham, 1916; Symon, 1985). Stems up to c. 3 m in length, flushed with violet when young, at first clad with appressed minute simple hairs, later rupturing and only partially persistent and then becoming very laxly set with blackish glandular points. Leaves green above, paler below, geminate, minor leaves finally caducous; major leaf lamina obliquely elliptic, (3.3–)7.5–11.3 × (1.3–) 3.3–4 cm, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, apex caudate or rarely abruptly acuminate, minor leaves obovate or broadly elliptic, up to 1.8 × 1.5 cm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex acute or obtuse, midrib sharply raised above, primary lateral veins 4–7 on each side of the midrib, venations prominent on both surfaces especially in the abaxial side, glabrous on both sides, lower surfaces with scattered blackish points and later verruculose due to the presence of many circular to oblong cystoliths; petioles c. 5 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, 1–5- flowered, peduncle c. 1 mm long, rachis 1.75 mm long, only one flower bloom at a time, not accompanied by developed young (bud) or older flower, pedicels slender, 2–2.1 cm long, very laxly clad with hairs similar to those on stem, glandular. Calyx with a tube 2.75–3 mm long, rim entire, with 5 prominent perpendicular conical teeth 2–2.5 mm long, positioned 0.75–1 mm below the rim, apex rounded. Corolla c. 2 cm across at full anthesis, white, deeply divided to near the base, the tube c. 3.25 mm long, interpetalar membrane narrow, slightly fleshy, lobes lanceolate, 10–10.5 × 2–3.5 mm, tapering to a narrow acute apex, dorsally glabrous, margins fringed with hairs similar to those on young stem, hairs on the apical area of the calyx glandular. Stamens equal, connivent filaments c. 1.2 mm long, white, glabrous, attached slightly above the middle of the corolla tube, anthers yellow, 5.8– 8 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, oblong, slightly tapering to apex, pores apical, slightly latrorse. Ovary glabrous, c. 1.75 mm across. Style c. 7.25 mm long, exceeding the anthers by 1.75–2 mm, glabrous, white, with wart-like projections surrounding the stigma, stigma erect. Berries sub-depressed globose, green when immature, subtended by dull violet, incrassate calyx.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Collected in flower and fruit (immature) in November. We concluded that the species is also flowering around January to April according to the date when the Wollaston Expedition was carried out.</p><p>Habitat: Mossy mid-montane forests, growing in a relatively shaded area, and is locally abundant amongst ericaceous plants, at c. 1500–2090 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution: Endemic to Indonesian New Guinea, Mount Jaya (Fig. 2).</p><p>Specimen examined: INDONESIA, Papua Province, Timika Regency, Mount Jaya, Tembagapura, Borobudur, S 4º08’26.82", E 137º05’55.82", 2090 m, 21.11.2018, Mustaqim &amp; Manurung 2213 (BO) .</p><p>Conservation status: The type material was collected from an area at 1500–1670 m elevations (Ridley, 1916). The recent collection was made in a small forest patch at the edge of the Tembagapura settlements. These forests are threatened by cutting and possible expansion of the mining company operating in the area. Any single activity that clears the forest could endanger all plants known in this locality. With the current data available, this species has an AOO of 8 km 2 that falls within CR under criterion B2 of subcriterion a. With the fragmented occurrence and threat to individuals and habitat, a provisional conservation assessment of CR, B2ab(iii,v) can be proposed (IUCN, 2012, 2019).</p><p>Notes: Lycianthes wollastonii was first discovered by Cecil B. Kloss from a location known as Camp VIII-IX at 1500–1670 m elevation (4900–5500 feet) (Ridley, 1916). This is an area on the southern side of Mount Jaya where the Wollaston Expedition was carried out. The 2018 collecting was done in forests near the Tembagapura settlements, at 2090 m elevation, slightly higher than the elevation of the type material locality.</p><p>Although Bean (2003) did not provide the specimen collection date, it is now clear that the specimen was collected in 1913, around January to April (Steenis-Kruseman &amp; van Welzen, 2007), about three years before the species was formally described by Wernham (1916). The species was not recollected again for 105 years ago until its rediscovery in 2018.</p><p>Despite the short description provided by Wernham (1916) and Symon (1985), L. wollastonii cannot be mistaken with other Lycianthes species. This species is unique in having an inflorescence bearing 1–5, pentamerous flowers, truncate calyx, with lateral teeths, minute hairs on young parts of the plant (discernible with a hand lens) and short minor leaves (up to 18 mm long or sometimes absent). A species morphologically closely related to L. wollastonii from New Guinea is L. rostellata (Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry) A.R.Bean, but the latter differs in the absence of teeth in the calyx, conspicuous hairs that are easily observed with naked eye, and the purple corolla (vs. white in L. wollastonii).</p><p>Symon (1985) stated that this species is morphologically similar to L. peranomala (Wernham ex Ridl.) A.R.Bean (listed by Symon (1985) as S. peranomalum Wernham ex Ridl.), another lesser-known species. Lycianthes wollastonii differs from L. peranomala in having up to 7 lateral nerves (vs. 8–9 in L. peranomala), fewer flowers per inflorescence (1–5 vs. 7–9 in L. peranomala), longer pedicels (20–21 mm vs. c. 8 mm long), the absence of rufous hairs (vs. sparsely rufous pubescent), and longer corollas (≥ 13.25 mm vs. c. 4 mm long).</p><p>Wernham (1916) and Symon (1985) described L. wollastonii as an epiphytic shrub. This is interesting since only a few species of Lycianthes or Solanaceae in general are reported to be epiphytic (Barboza &amp; Hunziker, 1992; Zhang et al., 1994; de Rojas &amp; D’Arcy, 1997). Our recently collected specimen matches well with the original description of the species with the exception of the habitat which is terrestrial and not epiphytic. Our field observations showed that the stems were slender and most parts covered by moss (Fig. 1c). It is possible that Kloss overlooked the stems which are obscured by moss, or that the species varies in its habit. Since there are species of Lycianthes that have been recorded as an epiphytic, such as the Meso-American species - L. synanthera (Sendtn.) Bitter (Woodson et al., 1973), it is important for future collectors to carefully observe this matter. The large xylem vessels (Fig. 3) are a general characteristic of climbers that seem not depend on the substrate of the plant species whether its terrestrial or epiphytic (Acevedo-Rodriguez, 2005; Salas et al., 2018). Therefore, it is likely that L. wollastonii lives either as a terrestrial or epiphytic climber (i.e., facultative epiphyte).</p><p>A total of 18 species of Lycianthes are known from New Guinea. A key to eight Indonesian New Guinean species of Lycianthes with the updated names following POWO (2021) is given below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/321B87F6FFF3F7724F65FA105E2EFE44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. A., Mustaqim;P., Puradyatmika;Heatubun, C. D.	W. A., Mustaqim, P., Puradyatmika, Heatubun, C. D. (2022): Solanaceae of New Guinea: recollection and conservation status assessments of two endemic and poorly known species including updated taxonomic descriptions. Rheedea 32 (1): 46-54, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.04
321B87F6FFF6F7734DF5FDA8598FFB25.text	321B87F6FFF6F7734DF5FDA8598FFB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassler	<div><p>Key to Lycianthes in Indonesian New Guinea (modified from Symon, 1985)</p><p>1. Calyx with distinct 10 subulate lobes, not umbo ............................................................ L. biflora</p><p>1. Calyx truncate or very shortly lobed (umbo), without subulate lobes .................................. 2</p><p>2. Second or minor leaf usually well developed, mostly&gt; 4 cm long ...................... L. oliveriana</p><p>2. Second or minor leaf usually smaller (&lt;4 cm long), sometimes minute (few mm) or absent ........................................................................ 3</p><p>3. Minor leaf usually up to 1.8 cm long, sometimes absent........................................... 4</p><p>3. Minor leaf mostly&gt; 2 cm long, never absent ........................................................................ 5</p><p>4. Inflorescence 7–9-flowered, corolla 4 mm long; secondary veins 8–9 pairs ...................... .................................................... L. peranomala</p><p>4. Inflorescence 1–5-flowered, corolla 10–10.5 mm long; secondary veins up to 7 pairs ........ ..................................................... L. wollastonii</p><p>5. Flowers (1–)6–12(–19) per inflorescence; fruits blue (unknown in L. memecylonoides) ............ ........................................................................ 6</p><p>5. Flowers few (1–6) per inflorescence; fruits red ........................................................................ 7</p><p>6. Indumentum of short erect hairs or almost glabrous; large leaves falcate, minor leaf orbicular .............................................. L. impar</p><p>6. Indumentum of sparse pubescence of minute, crisped, brownish hairs; large and minor leaves elliptic ................................. L. memecylonoides</p><p>7. Flowers several per inflorescence; indumentum of minute, brownish wavy hairs..................... .......................................................... L. belensis</p><p>7. Flowers usually solitary; indumentum of dense, short ± erect curved hairs ............ L. multifolia</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/321B87F6FFF6F7734DF5FDA8598FFB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. A., Mustaqim;P., Puradyatmika;Heatubun, C. D.	W. A., Mustaqim, P., Puradyatmika, Heatubun, C. D. (2022): Solanaceae of New Guinea: recollection and conservation status assessments of two endemic and poorly known species including updated taxonomic descriptions. Rheedea 32 (1): 46-54, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.04
321B87F6FFF7F7714F65FB1B5A87F93B.text	321B87F6FFF7F7714F65FB1B5A87F93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solanum gibbsiae J. S. Drumm.	<div><p>Solanum gibbsiae J.S.Drumm.</p><p>in L.S. Gibbs, Fl. Arfak Mts: 177. 1917.</p><p>Type: INDONESIA, Papua Barat province, Arfak mts., Angi lakes, edge of forest by female lake (now lake Anggi Gida), 7,000 ft, Gibbs 5974 (holo BM [BM000886173 digital image!]) . Fig. 4</p><p>Slender shrubs, to 1.5 m high. Stems cylindric when young, prickly; prickles acicular, up to 1 cm long, prickles also on leaves, especially along main veins; bark black or chestnut; densely pubescent with short-stalked stellate trichomes, 4–5 mm across, the rays 8–10, acicular, 1–2.5 mm long. Leaves unpaired, simple to deeply pinnatifid, lobes 2–6 on each side with rounded sinuses, elliptic in overall shape, 3.1–12 × 1.2–4 cm, base truncate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely repand-dentate, the apex of lobes rounded to acute, leaf apex acuminate or acute, hairs similar to stem, upper surfaces along veins only, lower surfaces furfuraceous with stellate hairs across lamina; petiole 5–10 mm long, mostly armed. Inflorescences simple extra-axillary cymes, 1–3–flowered, peduncle 1–2 cm long, covered with hairs similar to stem, rachis up to 2 cm long, densely to sparsely covered with hairs similar to stem, flowering pedicels 5–7 mm long, covered with stellate hairs similar to stem. Calyx campanulate, c. 2 mm long, lobes minute or teeth-like, acumen c. 0.5 mm long, surfaces covered with hairs similar to stem, especially at the base. Corolla rotate or nearly so, white to rose-purple, midrib purple inside, lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, 3.25–3.5 × 0.8 mm, apex gradually acuminate, covered with hairs on the outside except at the base, hairs similar to those on stem, smaller; stamens sub-connivent, anthers 2- celled, c. 2.2 mm long, pores apical, glabrous, style exceeding the stamens by c. 0.7 mm, stigma subcapitate. Fruiting pedicels up to 2 cm long, gradually thicker towards distal end. Fruit a globose or depressed globose fleshy berry, red at maturity, 7.5– 10 mm in diameter, 1–3 per infructescence; calyx enlarged in fruit. Seeds c. 12 per fruit, yellowish, subreniform, c. 3 × 2.25 mm, planoconvex.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering in April and December; fruiting in December.</p><p>Habitat: The plants are growing in riverine montane forests, along forest margins in shaded localities at 1900 m elevation. The population from lake Angi Gigi (now Anggi Gigi) was made in valley forests near a small stream.</p><p>Distribution: The plant is known only from the Arfak Mountains of the Birds Head peninsula in New Guinea (Fig. 2). Only two populations are known, one from the female lake Angi (now lake Anggi Gida) and another from north of the male lake Angi (now lake Anggi Gigi).</p><p>Specimen examined: INDONESIA, Papua Barat province, Pegunungan Arfak Regency, Anggi district, Irbos, 1900 m, 15.04.2016, Mustaqim 1891 (BO) .</p><p>Conservation status: With the uncertainty of the precise location of the type specimen collection, it is quite hard to assess the current condition of the forests. Fieldtrips made in 2016 and 2018 showed some forest conversion surrounding the location, especially in the lake Anggi Gida, with a decrease in the amount and quality of forests for the species. Forests surrounding lake Anggi Gigi are in better condition and remain relatively undisturbed. The AOO of 8 km 2 falls within CR under criterion B2 (&lt;10 km 2), and the fragmented occurrence of the species and threat from land conversion merits this status. A provisional status of CR, B2ab(iii), is thus proposed (IUCN, 2012, 2019).</p><p>Notes: Solanum gibbsiae can be recognized by its dense indumentum of stellate trichomes across the lower leaf surfaces, straight prickles densely covering the stems, narrowly elliptic or sub-ovate solitary leaves up to 12 × 4 cm in size, and internodal inflorescences. In New Guinea, a species similar to S. gibbsiae is S. rivicola Symon, but the latter differs in having the curved or hooked stem prickles.</p><p>Solanum gibbsiae was described in 1917 by Drummond (1917) as part of a pioneering book on the flora of the Arfak Mountains by Gibbs (1917) with incomplete morphological detail. Symon (1985) cited the description by Drummond (1917) where the corolla was detailed to be rose-purple in colour differing from the individuals found during the recent botanical trip which had white corollas, but colour variation is relatively common in some Solanum species (Ugent, 1967; Knapp, 2013). The colour of the berry documented here supports Symon’s (1985) original hypothesis that berries are likely to be red at maturity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/321B87F6FFF7F7714F65FB1B5A87F93B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. A., Mustaqim;P., Puradyatmika;Heatubun, C. D.	W. A., Mustaqim, P., Puradyatmika, Heatubun, C. D. (2022): Solanaceae of New Guinea: recollection and conservation status assessments of two endemic and poorly known species including updated taxonomic descriptions. Rheedea 32 (1): 46-54, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.01.04
