taxonID	type	description	language	source
3774878CFFF3095E7281FA5DFB66FA33.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus: Pharcidopsyche, gen. nov.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFF3095E7281FA5DFB66FA33.taxon	description	Adult: Both sexes functionally winged (Figs. 1 A, 2 A). Head without ocelli (Fig. 3 B); antenna filiform, short, nearly 1 / 4 as long as forewing, flagellomeres in male scaled dorsally and ciliate ventrally (Figs. 3 E, F, G), in female encircled with scales; labial palpus (Fig. 3 D) 3 - segmented, moderately long; maxillary palpus reduced to 2 globular minute palpomeres (Fig. 3 C); galea minute (Fig. 3 C). Wings (Fig. 4 C); Forewing Rs with 3 branches, M with 3 branches, CuA 2 bent subbasally, with a short stump representing fused apex of faint CuP; accessory cell present; M in discoidal cell simple, not forked; hindwing venation complete, M in discoidal cell simple. Legs (Fig. 4 F): Foreleg short, tibia with a short epiphysis (Fig. 4 G); mid- and hindlegs moderately long; mid tibia with pair of apical spurs; hind tibia with each pair of apical and median spurs. Male genitalia (Figs. 5 A – E, Fig. 6) unique for psychids; dorsum extensively membranous; vinculum extraordinary widened on ventral part, not produced to saccus; valva with sclerotized processes on inner wall of harpe, without distal spinules; phallus thick, tapered distally and with finely pointed apex. Mesoscutellum with suberecting brush of long scales (Figs. 1 D, E, Figs. 2 D, E). Female corethrogyne (Fig. 2 G) dense and completely encircling 7 th abdominal segment; female terminalia (Fig. 7) with well sclerotized lamella antevaginalis (sternum 8) tapered distally to prominent ostium bursae; apophyses anteriores and posteriores rather short, apophysis ventralis lacking. Larva (Fig. 8): Prolegs of 6 th abdominal segment absent, those of 4 th abdominal segment unusually shifted laterally. Larval case (Fig. 9): Long, slender, with 9 longitudinal pleats throughout the length, what permits to swell part of case there the larva or pupa stays. Larva (Figs. 9 B, C) feed on hard mushrooms or white mycelia covering rotten logs.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFF3095E7281FA5DFB66FA33.taxon	diagnosis	This new subfamily is quite distinct from other subfamilies of Psychidae in lacking the larval prolegs on the 6 th abdominal segment. The larval case is also unique in having nine longitudinal pleats. The vein CuP of the forewing is uniquely fused distally with subbasal portion of the vein CuA 2, a state that otherwise is found only in the Degia group in Psychidae, which is now assigned to the subfamily Typhoniinae (Sobczyk, 2009).	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFF509527281FA1AFEB3F8F4.taxon	type_taxon	Type-species: Pharcidopsyche novemplicata Saigusa & Sugimoto, sp. nov.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFF509527281FA1AFEB3F8F4.taxon	description	Adults Very small psychid species with wing expanse ca 7 – 8 mm in both sexes. Generic characters are mostly confined to integumental structure (mainly based on a macerated female paratype and genitalia of the holotype male of the type species). Scaling (vestiture) is mostly stated in the description of the type species. Head: Cranium (Figs. 3 A, B) rather broad, 2 x as wide as long, as long as high, weakly produced forwards, considerably rounded dorsally; compound eye slightly larger than 3 / 4 head height, almost rounded; ocellus absent. Mouthparts: Maxilla (Fig. 3 C) reduced, 1 / 4 as long as head width; galea (proboscis) 1 / 2 as long as total length of maxilla, lamellate, tapered apically, finely setulose; maxillary palpus reduced to 2 minute and almost globular palpomeres; labial palpus (Fig. 3 D) nearly as long as head width, projecting anterolaterally, 3 - segmented, palpomere 1 short, palpomere 2 weakly curved dorsally, twice as long as palpomere 1, palpomere 3 almost as long as palpomere 1, more or less compressed laterally. Antenna short, ca 1.7 x as long as head width, slightly shorter than 1 / 4 length of wing including fringe (the radio slightly larger in male holotype): scape moderately long, 0.7 mm long, slightly shorter than 1 / 2 width; pedicel small, 1 / 2 as long as scape, slightly longer than wide; flagellum consisting of 21 flagellomeres; flagellomeres on subbasal to middle part of flagellum (Fig. 3 H) short cylindrical in shape, 1.5 x as long as thick, with a small projection subapically that bears a longish seta; apical flagellomeres (Fig. 3 I) slenderer and shorter. Male antenna (Figs. 3 E, F, G): Flagellomeres bearing greyish sensory hairs in scale-free ventral surface; sensory hairs longer than thickness of flagellomere, directing ventrodistally and ventrolaterally. Thorax: Metathoracic furcasternum (Figs. 4 H, I) with pair of slender furcal arms, each of which is united with equally slender apophyseal rod invaginated from posterior margin of metepimeron, the united portion of the two components widened. Tegula semicircular with a short narrow neck, densely covered with appressed scales. Mesoscutum densely covered with tight appressed long broad scales; mesoscutellum (Figs. 1 D, E, Figs. 2 D, E) with a brush of broad long scales obliquely erected and more or less expanded radially. Wings (Figs. 4 A-C): Forewing moderately elongate, longitudinally almost bilaterally symmetrical, 3 x as long as wide, narrowed beyond distal 1 / 4 to roundly produced apex; discoidal cell 2 / 3 as long as wing; vein R 1 arising rather close to base of R-stem; vein Rs with 3 branches, vein R 4 + 5 ending at wing apex. Vein M with 2 branches; vein CuA 2 emitted from posterodistal corner of discoidal cell, directing posteriorly for short distance, then acutely bent posteriorly and running to outer margin of wing; vein CuP fine, distally more or thickened and fused with vein CuA 2 at its bent; accessory cell present; vein M in discoidal cell simple, i. e. intercalary cell absent. Hindwing slightly longer than 3 x width, with apex roundly pointed; all veins present, vein M in discoidal cell simple. Forewing dorsal side (Fig. 1 F) dark brown with each 2 indistinct short oblique pale stripes on costa and hind margin. Fringe scales of forewing (Fig. 4 D) and of apical part of hindwing (Fig. 4 E) widened on distal part and with serrate distal margin. Legs: Foreleg (Fig. 4 F, p 1) short, epiphysis 1 / 3 as long as tibia (Fig. 4 G), arising from slightly beyond middle of tibia; mid- and hindlegs (Fig. 4 F, p 2, p 3) moderately long and slender, the former with pair of distal spurs, the latter with each pair of middle and apical spurs. Legs densely covered with scales, without long hairs, even on hind tibia. Abdomen: Covered with blackish scales dorsally, yellowish ones ventrally. Male abdomen bearing long scales distally. Male genitalia (Figs. 5, 6): Extremely different in structure from general morphology of psychid male genitalia. Dorsal element almost entirely desclerotized (membranous) except very narrow anterior marginal sclerotization; the membranous dorsal area narrowed posteriorly to apex, so that sclerotized uncus absent. Subanal plate weakly sclerotized, sparsely setose. Vinculum on dorsal 1 / 2 narrow, continuing from the sclerotized anterior marginal stripe of dorsal element, then peculiarly expanded widely on ventral 1 / 2 (Figs. 5 A, 5 D, Fig. 6), the expanded part in profile gradually tapering ventrodistally; ventral surface of vinculum very wide with straight anterior margin (therefore saccus not formed in any length or width), then strongly narrowed posteriorly to blunt ventromedial projection; posterior margin of expanded vinculum almost fused with dorsoproximal area of outer wall of valva, then tightly connected with ventroproximal part of valva; valva peculiar in shape and structure, basal area of outer wall wide, loosely united with posterodorsal margin of expanded vinculum; middle part of valva (Fig. 5 D) consisting of elongate lamellate ampulla (dorsal process of valva, cucullus of authors) and short rounded harpe (ventral process of valva, sacculus of authors); ampulla projecting posterodorsally and densely bearing long curved setae on inner surface; harpe of small and rounded lamella, with its inner surface bearing two sclerites, the distal one spatulate and posteriorly directing with its distal margin sparsely with minute setulae, the basal one of dorsally directing process with sharply pointed tip; transtilla very wide and moderately long, of which posterolateral corner continuing to dorsoproximal part of inner wall of valva; juxta semicircular, supporting distal part of phallus, with its posteromedial portion produced posteriorly into a short sharp process (Fig. 5 E); phallus large, very thick on basal 1 / 3 with extraordinary wide ventral opening for ductus ejaculatorius (Figs. 5 B, C, Fig. 6), then more or less narrowed towards apical 1 / 4, that is much tapered, curved ventrally and ending in a slender hook-like projection. Female terminalia (Fig. 7): Seventh abdominal segment more or less swollen, its entire anterior marginal area densely bearing dark brown corethrogyne (each fine piliform scales whitish); 8 th tergum (Figs. 7 C, D) rectangular with anterior margin incurved, densely microtrichose, bearing apophyses anteriores nearly 2 x as long as tergum; 8 th sternum (Figs. 7 B, C, E) slightly shorter than 8 th tergum, densely microtrichose, posterior 1 / 2 narrowed to short cylindrical projection for ostium bursae, and bearing minute setulae along distal margin; 9 th tergum weakly sclerotized with apophysis posterioris almost as long as apophysis anterioris; apophysis ventralis absent; ovipositor more or less elongate, slightly shorter than apophyses, apical part consisting of dorsal epiproct and ventral hypoproct (Fig. 7 C), both weakly sclerotized, epiproct bearing several short stiff apically stump setae (Fig. 7 F). Mature larva (Fig. 8) Detailed integumental morphology and chaetotaxy of the larvae will be published in a separate paper. Well-grown larvae 3.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide in dead dried condition, 5 mm long in macerated swollen condition (presumably 4 mm in alive); cranium and thoracic nota and legs uniformly brown, sclerites on other part tinged with pale brown; membranous parts whitish; broadest at 3 rd to 5 th abdominal segments, gradually tapered to anal end. Important characters of larvae are as follows: Prothoracic tergum single, not divided into main dorsal sclerite and pair of laterotergites, and enpassing lateral setae and spiracle; prolegs present on 3 rd to 5 th abdominal segments and anal segment; 6 th segment without prolegs; prolegs of 4 th segment distinctly shifted laterally from a supposed line connecting prolegs of 3 rd and 5 th segments; ventral sclerites of 4 th segment much larger than those on 3 rd to 5 th segments; 6 th segment with 2 pairs of ventral sclerites, inner pair homologized with ventral sclerites of three preceding segments, outer pair corresponded to prolegs of preceding segments. Early larva (Fig. 9 F) 0.7 mm long, almost white in colour. Prolegs as in mature larva. Larval case (Fig. 9) Cases of well-grown larvae 13 – 15 mm long, 1.0 mm at the widest portion, 0.5 – 0.6 mm the narrowest; pale yellowish white to pale brown on outer surface, made of silk, without prominent covering substances on its smooth outer surface except minute granules mainly on anterior part. Case has nine longitudinal pleats throughout its length, number of pleats constant; ridge of each pleat somewhat thicker than surface between ridges; facing surfaces near ridge close to each other and inter-ridges surface loosening when case shrunk there. Anterior opening of case always widely opens when larva is active, plane of the anterior opening perpendicular to long axis of case; posterior opening usually closed. The case is nearly 3 times longer than larval length; position of case where larva or pupa stays inflated by inner pressure by larval or pupal body, and other parts without the inner pressure are smaller in diameter. When the case accepts inner pressure, then two sides closely facing each other near rides of a pleat are widely opened, and inwardly curved area between ridges loosens, thence diameter of the case becomes wider. Case of early larva (Fig. 9 F) 2.2 mm long, 0.45 mm wide at anterior opening, with nine longitudinal ridges as larger cases.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFF509527281FA1AFEB3F8F4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The adults of this genus are superficially easily distinguished from other psychid genera by the vein CuP of forewing fused with basal portion of the vein CuA 2. This character state is also found in the Degia group, however, the latter are larger and more roust psychids with pectinate male antennae and male genitalia with pair of hooks of uncus and narrow vinculum not fused with the base of valva (Dierl 1997; Sobczyk 2009). The adults are also quite different from other psychid genera in the peculiar structure of male genitalia stated above. The larval stage of this genus is quite distinct from larvae of other psychid genera by the 6 th abdominal segment lacking prolegs.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFF509527281FA1AFEB3F8F4.taxon	etymology	Etymology The generic name, Pharcidopsyche means pharcidos (= wrinkle) + Psyche, based on the larval case with 9 longitudinal pleats (wrinkles).	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFFF09577281FF56FF26F8D9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: [Borneo: Sabah], Kianson 250 m [near Kiansom Waterfall, 5 ̊ 58 ’ 23.20 ” N 116 ̊ 12 ’ 26.58 ” E 250 m], nr. Kota Kinabalu, Sept. 15, 2001, T. SAIGUSA col.; 15. ix. 01. larva, 16. x. 01 adult; ♂ No. 1, reared by Saigusa & Sugimoto; [HOLOTYPE], Pharcidopsyche novemplicata Saigusa et Sugimoto, 2024. PARATYPES: 1 ♀, labelled: [Borneo: Sabah], Kianson 250 m [near Kiansom Waterfall, 5 ̊ 58 ’ 23.20 ” N 116 ̊ 12 ’ 26.58 ” E 250 m], nr. Kota Kinabalu, Sept. 15, 2001, T. SAIGUSA col.; 15 / ix. 2001, larva, 13 / x emergence; ♀ No. 2, reared by Saigusa & Sugimoto; [PARATYPE], Pharcidopsyche novemplicata Saigusa et Sugimoto, 2024. 1 ♀, labelled: [Borneo: Sabah], Kianson 250 m [near Kiansom Waterfall, 5 ̊ 58 ’ 23.20 ” N 116 ̊ 12 ’ 26.58 ” E 250 m], nr. Kota Kinabalu, Sept. 2, 2001, T. SAIGUSA col.; Sept. 2. Larva, Sept. 20, pupate fix, Oct. 10. emerged; ♀ No. 1, reared by Saigusa & Sugimoto; [PARATYPE], Pharcidopsyche novemplicata Saigusa et Sugimoto, 2024 (body dissected in vial with glycerol, right wings removed, descaled and mounted on a slide, left wings removed and mounted on a slide). Larvae and larval cases. Larvae and larval cases collected from Mahua and Kiasom in Sabah were used for description of the early stages. Three cases among some 30 cases were parasitized by a braconid species.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFFF09577281FF56FF26F8D9.taxon	description	Male (Fig. 1) Size: Body length 2.8 mm; wing expanse 7.1 mm; forewing length 3.5 mm (including fringe), width 1.15 mm; hindwing length 2.8 mm (including fringe), width 1.35 mm; antenna length 0.95 mm (left antenna), 0.9 mm (right antenna). Integumental characters are as in the description of the genus. Coloration and vestiture. Head: Vertical area of head densely clothed with moderately broad long shiny rough scales nearly as long as diameter of eye directing and curving medially (dorsomedially), arising from lateral portions of vertex; vertex also clothed with longer wider scales directing and weakly curving posteriorly on its anterior portion; face densely and tightly covered with wide long yellow scales that are incurved and decumbent; lateral to posteroventral margins of head behind eye with a row of small short broad scales. Antenna: pale on scape and pedicel, dark brown on flagellum; pecten tawny, short and not prominent; flagellomere dorsally with a transverse row of small dark scales, bearing ventrally greyish sensory hairs longer than thickness of flagellomere; flagellomeres of middle of antenna almost as long as thick. Labial palpus covered with short appressed yellow scales on palpomere 1, palpomere 2 dorsally covered with appressed yellow scales, ventrally clothed with rough suberect brown scales projecting posteroventrally; palpomere 3 tightly covered with yellow short scales. Thorax: Thoracic nota densely covered with tightly appressed long broad blackish scales; mesoscutellum with a brush of broad blackish scales erected and more or less expanded radially; pleura covered with yellowish scales. Wings: Dorsal side of forewing. Blackish brown with the following greyish yellow markings, short narrow oblique stripe on costa each at middle and apical 1 / 4, similar but a slightly wider stripe from middle of hind margin, and obscure crescent-shaped marking anterior to tornus. In addition to these markings, an obscure pale area each distal to discocellulars, at middle of space r 4 + 5 and at apex; fringe dark brown, distal row somewhat paler, basal row whitish at apex. Dorsal side of hindwing. Dark brown, narrowly pale yellowish white on basal 2 / 3 of costa; fringe similar to that of forewing. Fringe scales of forewing and of apical part of hindwing widened on distal part and with serrate distal margin. Abdomen covered with blackish scales dorsally and yellowish ones ventrally. Distal area bearing black longish scales. Legs: Covered with appressed scales, without long hair-like scales; coloration of scales yellow on femora, dark on ventral side of mid femur towards apex, black dorsally, yellowish ventrally on tibiae and tarsi, yellow on apical 2 tarsomeres of fore and mid tarsi, distally paled on basal tarsomeres and entirely yellow on tarsomere 5 of hind tarsus. Spurs covered with yellow scales. Female (Fig. 2) Size: Body length 3.2 – 3.3 mm; wing expanse 8.2 - 8.5 mm; forewing length 4.0 mm (including fringe), width 1.3 mm (including fringe); hindwing length 3.10 – 3.15 mm (including fringe), width 1.6 – 1.7 mm (including fringe); antenna length 0.8 – 1.0 mm. Coloration and vestiture. Head: Similar to male. Anterior vertical scales not erect but overlapping frontal sales which are more or less suffused with greyish and mixing brown ones along eye margin. Antenna densely bearing blackish scales slightly longer than flagellomere; labial palpus as in male; integument of galea (proboscis) yellow. Flagellomere of middle of antenna 50 μm long, 35 μm wide, with a long ventral seta 30 μm long (Fig. 3 H). Thorax similar to male; abdomen covered with dark brown to blackish scales dorsally, yellowish ones ventrally; whitish corethrogyne covered with elongate brown scales. Wing. Almost as in male, but pale markings more prominent, so that image of reduced outwardly angulate middle and postdiscal stripes more discernable. Vestiture of legs almost as in male. Fore femur 7.2 mm long. Relative lengths of podites, epiphysis and spurs of a paratype female as in Table 1. Larvae and larval case. Same as in descriptions of genus Pharcidopsyche.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFFF09577281FF56FF26F8D9.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology We found larvae of the new species near brooks in deep tropical forest. They are usually found on hard mushrooms or on sheet of white mycelia covering rotten logs near the ground (Fig. 9 A). Cases of active larvae or pupae stand upright on the surface of bark or mushrooms. The larvae feed on the mycelia and mushrooms. As various sizes of cases were found together, the larvae may hatch throughout the year. The final instar larva tightly fixes the entire margin of anterior opening of its case to the substratum (Fig. 9 C). Pupation cases stand upright as in case of active larvae (Fig. 9 D); final instar larval exuviae situated near the fixed anterior part of the case. The pupa presumably moves to the posterior opening of the case, protrudes the anterior part of its body and ecloses to the adult (Fig. 9 D). When a pupa moves inside of the case, it presumably uses a transverse row of spinules near the anterior margins of the abdominal segments. The larval period was not surveyed; the pupal period (including prepupal period after case fixed) was 21 days for one female paratype (Sept. 20 to Oct. 10). Copulation and egg-laying behavior were not observed. Mature larvae were parasitized by a species of Braconidae that spun a cocoon in the case near its fixed portion.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
3774878CFFFF09577281FF56FF26F8D9.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet means novem (nine) + plicatus (folded), based on the nine longitudinal folds of the larval case.	en	Saigusa, Toyohei, Sugimoto, Mika (2025): Pharcidopsyche novemplicata, a curious new genus and species of the Psychidae, representing new subfamily Pharcidopsychinae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea). Zootaxa 5575 (4): 501-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5575.4.1
