identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B068791FFCBFF89FF26C9C828263F58.text	3B068791FFCBFF89FF26C9C828263F58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina alvarezi Eger & Sedlock & Lim & Heaney 2025	<div><p>Murina alvarezi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 6, 7, 8E, 9E, 10A; Tables 1, 2A, 2B)</p><p>Murina cyclotis: Kitangland: Heaney et al. 1998: 27; Heaney et al. 2006: 30, 35, 36. Bohol Island: Sedlock et al. 2014: 205, 207; Siquijor Island: Heaney et al. 1998:27</p><p>Holotype. FMNH 205831, field number JLS 738, young adult female, specimen stored in alcohol, skull extracted, collected by J. L. Sedlock, 7 August 2009. The holotype is currently housed at FMNH but will be transferred to the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila before the end of 2025, where it has been assigned PNM 9670. The nucleotide sequence as deposited in GenBank of Cytb mitochondrial gene is PV659290.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4594&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4594/lat 9.7205)">Sitio Bulalacao</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4594&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4594/lat 9.7205)">Brgy Nug-as</a>, Alcoy Municipality, Cebu Province, Cebu Island, Philippines, 9.7205 N 123.4594 E, elevation 763 m.</p><p>Paratypes. All seven paratypes were collected at the type locality: FMNH 205826, field number JLS 666, ♀, collected 25 July 2009; FMNH 205827, field number JLS 706, ♂, collected 3 August 2009; FMNH 205828, field number JLS 722, ♀, collected 3 August 2009; FMNH 205829, field number JLS 723, ♀, collected 3 August 2009; FMNH 205830, field number JLS 735, ♂, collected 3 August, 2009; FMNH 205832, field number JLS 739, ♀, collected 7 August 2009; and FMNH 205833, field number JLS 740, ♀, collected 7 August 2009 .</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of James Alvarez, a remarkably devoted, young Filipino wildlife biologist with a passion for studying and conserving Philippine bats.A graduate student and biologist at the University of the Philippines —Los Baños Museum of Natural History, his unexpected death on Mount Apo in 2018 cut short a promising career of exploring Philippine biodiversity and inspiring future generations of Filipino biologists. The suggested English common name is Alvarez’s tube-nosed bat.</p><p>Measurements of holotype (in mm) and body mass (in g): total length, 97; tail vertebrae, 37; hind foot, 10.5; ear, 17, forearm, 35.6; and mass, 6.4.</p><p>Referred Material. FMNH 146890, field number SMG 5001, ♂, collected 21 February 1992, NW slope <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.55/lat 12.45)">Mt. Guitingguitlin</a>, 4.5 km S, 4 km E Magdiwang, Romblon Province, Sibuyan Island, Philippines, (12 27 N, 122 33 E, elevation 325 m) ; FMNH 202815, field number SEW 112, ♂, collected 11 July 2008 at Nan-od Brgy, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.2638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7469" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.2638/lat 9.7469)">Sierra Bullones Munic.</a>, Bohol Province, Bohol Island, Philippines (9.7469 N, 124.2638 E, elevation 586 m) ; FMNH 202816, field number JLS 590, ♂, collected 3 July 2008 at Sitio Libertad, Bugsoc Brgy, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.2658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7641" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.2658/lat 9.7641)">Sierra Bullones Munic.</a> Bohol Province, Bohol Island, Philippines (9.7641 N, 124.2658 E, elevation 336 m) ; FMNH 209658, field number JLS 808, ♀, collected 6 km E of San Juan town centre, Siquijor Province, Siquijor <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.5472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.5472/lat 9.141)">Island</a>, Philippines (9.1410 N 123.5472 E, elevation 170 m) ; FMNH 209659, field number JLS 809, ♂, collected 5 July 2010, same locality as previous; FMNH 209660, field number JLS 784, ♂, collected 23 June 2010 same locality as previous, 9.18706 N, 123.58040 E, elevation 550m.; FMNH147078, field number LRH 4639, ♂, collected 18 April 1992 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.74167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.183333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.74167/lat 8.183333)">Mt. Kitanglad Range</a>, 115 km S, 6 km E Baungon, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao, Philippines (8 11 N, 124 44.5 E, elevation 1100 m) ; FMNH 147079, field number LRH 4665, ♀, collected 21 April 1992, same locality; FMNH 190119, RKSG 80, ♂, collected Hilong-hilong Range Carrasacal Munic., Suragio del Sur Prov. Mindanao; and FMNH 186817, field number DSB 3656, ♀, collected 19 May 2005 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.150894&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7323055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.150894/lat 6.7323055)">Mt. Hamiguitan</a>, San Isidro Munic., Davao Oriental Province, Mindanao, Philippines (6 43 56.3 N 126 09 03.2 E) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium sized Murina similar to Murina cyclotis (as defined by Francis &amp; Eger 2012) but with a larger, heavier skull and genetically different at greater than 18% average sequence divergence in Cytb from other species in the genus (Table 3). Among the Philippine species of the M. cyclotis species group described here, M. alvarezi is the smallest (FA females = 35.8 mm, males = 33.7 mm; GLS females = 18.3, males = 17.5 mm); wing membrane attaches close to the claw of the toe; and penis narrow (1.5 mm). Similar to M. cyclotis, with all upper premolars similar in height; anterior upper molars with reduced mesostyles; and lower molars with reduced talonids (Figs. 8E, 9E). The sagittal and lambdoidal crests are clearly defined.</p><p>Description. In the holotype and paratype series of specimens from Cebu, the dorsal fur is bicoloured, grey buff at the base with reddish brown tips (Fig. 10A); the fur is 10–11 mm at the shoulder. On the underside, the throat is unicoloured, varying from white to buff; the ventrum is unicoloured white to buff in the centre and weakly bicoloured laterally, buff-grey to buff base and reddish brown to brown tips. The forearm, lower leg, interfemoral membrane, and foot are hairy. There is some colour variation within the species, with females from Siquijor and Mindanao paler than Cebu specimens. The ear is round and notched on the posterior edge (Fig. 10A). The skull has a moderately inflated braincase, shallow rostral depression, and small but defined sagittal and lambdoid crests. The upper toothrows are parallel to each other; the inner upper incisors are bicuspidate and longer than the outer; and the canines are large and heavy. The upper premolars are well developed, of similar height, and 2/3 the height of the canines (Fig. 8E). The mesostyles of the first (M 1) and second upper molars (M 2) are greatly reduced. The talonids (posterior section of the first, M 1 and second lower molars, M 2) are also greatly reduced relative to the trigonids (anterior section), about 1/3 the size of the trigonid (Fig. 9E). Penis of males is narrow (1.5 mm). See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Ecology. This species has a broad elevational range, occurring from 85 m elevation to 1100 m (Fig. 5) in a diversity of forest types and levels of disturbance. A single individual was captured in regenerating logged dipterocarp forest growing on ultramafic soils in southeastern Mindanao, characterized by stunted trees and an understory dominated by Malabayabas ( Tristaniopsis spp.) (Balete et al. 2006). Another individual was captured in northeastern Mindanao in a lowland Magkuno or ironwood ( Xanthostemon verdugonianus) forest. Several individuals were captured in second-growth dipterocarp forest on limestone in the Visayas, in small forest patches surrounded by corn and vegetable crops (Cebu, Siquijor and Bohol Islands; Sedlock et al. 2014); a mahogany plantation also on limestone; and within disturbed old-growth dipterocarp forest at 1100 m on Mt. Kitanglad (Heaney et al. 2006). Post-lactating females were captured in May in southeastern Mindanao (Mt. Hamiguitan), and in August on Cebu Island, along with three immature females. All individuals were captured in harp traps set along forest trails, except for two mist net captures on Mt. Kitanglad in central Mindanao, and one on Mt. Hamiguitan.</p><p>Distribution. Widespread within the southern and central Philippines, collected on Mindanao, Siquijor, Bohol, Cebu, and Sibuyan Islands (Fig. 1).</p><p>Genetic Analyses. Cytb and Dby sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Murina alvarezi is one of five divergent Cytb lineages from the Philippines that is related to M. cyclotis from mainland Asia and is supported by DBY data (one site, Fig. 2). Relative divergences among Philippine species are discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFCBFF89FF26C9C828263F58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
3B068791FFCEFF88FF26CFFC2A8039A0.text	3B068791FFCEFF88FF26CFFC2A8039A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina baletei Eger & Sedlock & Lim & Heaney 2025	<div><p>Murina baletei sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 8C, 9C, 10B; Tables 1, 2A, 2B)</p><p>M. cyclotis: Catanduanes: Heaney et al. 1991: 406, 408; Heaney et al. 1998: 27; Mt. Isarog, Luzon Island: Heaney et al. 1999: 29, 30, 32; Sedlock et al. 2008: 352, 354; Mt. Makiling, Luzon Island: Sedlock 2001a: 182, 183, 193, 196; Sedlock 2001b: 167, 168, 173, 174. Mt. Irid, Luzon Island: Balete et al. 2013: 21; Heaney et al. 2016b: 243.</p><p>Holotype. FMNH 205411, field number DSB 5990, adult male, specimen in alcohol with skull removed, collected by D. S. Balete, 8 June 2009. The holotype is currently housed at FMNH but will be transferred to the National Museum of the Philippines before the end of 2025, where it has been assigned PNM 9673. The nucleotide sequence as deposited in GenBank of Cytb mitochondrial gene is PV659284 and DBY nuclear gene is PV659294.</p><p>Type locality. 1.3 km S, 0.8 km W Mount Irid peak, elevation 775 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.318/lat 14.779)">Rodriguez Municipality</a>, Rizal Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (14.779 N, 121.318 E) .</p><p>Paratype. FMNH 205410, field number DSB 5989, adult female, collected same date and same locality as the holotype .</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Danilo S. Balete, a Filipino biologist whose passion for and knowledge of Philippine biodiversity inspires young scientists even after his unexpected death in 2017. The species distribution includes the Bicol Peninsula of southern Luzon where Balete was born, as well as Mt. Makiling where he studied the diet of Megaderma spasma as an undergraduate student at the University of the Philippines, Los Baños (Balete 2010), and Mt. Isarog—the site of his master’s research on native rodent ecology (Balete &amp; Heaney 1997). The suggested English common name is “Balete’s tube-nosed bat.”</p><p>Measurements of holotype. (in mm) and body mass (in g): total length, 88; tail vertebrae, 34; hind foot, 8; ear, 15, forearm, 34.8; and mass, 8.</p><p>Referred Material. FMNH 166428, field number JLS 142, ♀, collected 29 March, 1999 and FMNH 166429, field number JLS 163, ♂, collected 14 July, 1999 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.21667/lat 14.15)">Mount Makiling</a>, (14 09 N, 121 13 E, elevation 400 m and 300 m respectively, Laguna Province, Luzon Island (14.1499996 N, 121.216667 E) ; FMNH 177471, field number JLS 186, ♀, collected 4 July 2003 (co-ordinates not recorded in the field and subsequently estimated from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.217/lat 14.15)">Google Earth</a> as 14.150 N, 121.217 E) and FMNH 177472, field number JLS194, ♀, collected 15 July, 2003 (co-ordinates not recorded in the field and subsequently estimated from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.21&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.132" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.21/lat 14.132)">Google Earth</a> as 14.132 N, 121.210 E) at Los Baños, Mount Makiling, Laguna Province, Luzon Island, Philippines ; USNM 573774, field number EAR 1685, ♂, collected 22 February 1988, 1 km N, 8.5 km W Gigmoto, elevation 200 m, Buadan R., Catanduanes Province, Catanduanes Island, Philippines (13 49 N, 124 19 E) ; USNM 573776, field number EAR 1788, ♀, collected 9 May 1988, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.333336/lat 13.666667)">Mt. Isarog</a>, 4.5 km N, 20.5 km E Naga, elevation 475 m, Camarines Sur Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (13 40 N, 123 20 E) ; USNM 573777, field number EAR 1839, ♀, collected 25 March 1988, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.35/lat 13.666667)">Mt. Isarog</a>, 4.5 km N, 20.5 km E Naga, Camarines Sur Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (13 40 N, 123 21 E) ; and FMNH 218203, field number DSB 9183, ♀, collected 27 May 2012 at Ambulong Peak, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.14645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.79226" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.14645/lat 13.79226)">Lubang</a> municipality, Lubang, Philippines (13.79226 N 120.14645 E) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium sized Murina similar to Murina cyclotis (as defined by Francis and Eger 2012) but larger, with a more robust skull, and sagittal and lambdoidal crests that are well defined. Although dorsal fur is bicoloured as in M. cyclotis, this species has pale basal bands blending to greyish-brown tips. It differs genetically by&gt;12% average sequence divergence in Cytb from other species in the genus (Table 3).</p><p>Description. Dorsal fur is bicoloured with a grey base blending to reddish brown/greyish brown tips. Hair measures 9–10 mm at the shoulders. The ventral hair is also bicoloured but paler than on the dorsum, with pale grey bases blending to pale brown or reddish-brown tips. The posterior border of the ear is notched. The forearm is hairy and the uropatagium is covered with long hairs. This species appears to be sexually dimorphic in colour with tips of fur slightly redder in colour for females than males (photo of holotype live, Fig. 10B).</p><p>The skull is robust, somewhat like M. cyclotis but much larger (Tables 1 and 2A, 2B), has well developed sagittal and lambdoidal crests which clearly define the posterior of the skull where they meet, producing a helmet shape. The rostrum is heavy and slopes gradually to the forehead (Fig. 8C). Similar to M. cyclotis, the molars have reduced mesostyles (Figs. 3A, 9C), but the teeth are very heavy and substantial looking. The canine is short but greater in length than P 2 and P 4 (Fig. 8C). The lower incisors are tricuspidate and the remaining teeth heavy. The talonid is ½ size of the trigonid (Figs. 3B, 9C). Penis of males is short and wide (3 mm. at widest point) relative to M. alvarezi . See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>Ecology. This species has been captured from a broad range of elevations (200–1125 m, Fig. 5) and habitat types. On Luzon Island, it was recorded in remnant primary, lowland forest and montane forest on Mt. Isarog (Heaney et al. 1999); in second growth lowland dipterocarp forest (e.g., Shorea spp.) on Mt. Makiling (Sedlock 2001b; a), and in regenerating lowland forest on Mt. Irid (Balete et al. 2013). On Catanduanes Island, it was captured in primary forest on a small plateau between two rivers (Heaney et al. 1991). Bats were captured in harp traps set across trails, as well as in mist nets set along trails, intercepting bats flying low through the forest understory. Pregnant females were captured in March on Luzon Island and in May on Catanduanes Island; the latter female was primiparous with two embryos measuring 15 mm. Lactating females were captured on Luzon Island in June (Mt. Irid; FMNH 205410, DSB 5989) and July (Mt. Makiling; FMNH 177471, JLS 186). Reproductively active males with scrotal testes were captured in June and July on Luzon Island. Notably, one of these males, with a black gland below its scrotum, was captured with a lactating female in the same net.</p><p>Distribution. Lubang, southern Luzon and Catanduanes islands (Fig.1).</p><p>Genetic Analyses. Cytochrome b and DBY sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Murina baletei is one of the divergent lineages from the Philippines that is closely related to M. cyclotis from mainland Asia. Relative divergences among Philippine species are discussed below. The standard karyotype was described by Rickart et al. (1999) as representing M. cyclotis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFCEFF88FF26CFFC2A8039A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
3B068791FFCFFF95FF26C8642B3D3C78.text	3B068791FFCFFF95FF26C8642B3D3C78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina hilonghilong Eger & Sedlock & Lim & Heaney 2025	<div><p>Murina hilonghilong sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 8A, 9A; Tables 1, 2A, 2B).</p><p>Holotype. FMNH 190118, field number RKSG 82, adult male, alcohol specimen with skull extracted, collected in a harp trap by R. K. S. Gomez, 30 July 2006. The holotype is currently housed at FMNH but will be transferred to the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila before the end of 2025 where it has been assigned PNM 9674. The nucleotide sequence as deposited in Genbank of Cytb mitochondrial gene is PV659272 and DBY nuclear gene is PV659349.</p><p>Type locality. Barangay (Brgy.) Adlay, Carrascal Municipality, Surigao del Sur Province, Hilong-hilong Range, Mindanao Is., Philippines (coordinates not recorded in the field, subsequently estimated from topographic maps as 9.088 N, 125.73 E); elevation 85 m.</p><p>Paratype. FMNH 191407 female, (RKSG 198) collected 17 October 2006 at Brgy San Antonio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.087" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.7/lat 9.087)">Mt Hilonghilong</a>, Agusan del Norte Province, Mindanao Is. Philippines (coordinates not recorded in the field, subsequently estimated from topographic maps as 9.087 N, 125.70 E; elevation 1400 m) .</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the mountain range where it was captured, Mt. Hilong-hilong, which stretches across two provinces— Agusan del Norte and Surigao del Sur in northeastern Mindanao. We use the name of the mountain as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Measurements of holotype. (in mm) and body mass (in g): total length, 91; tail vertebrae, 31; hind foot, 9; ear, 15, forearm, 41; and mass, 10.</p><p>Diagnosis. This is the largest species of Murina in the Philippines, and the largest of all species of Murina . Murina hilonghilong has dentition like Murina cyclotis with upper premolars similar in size to each other, with reduced mesostyles on M 1 and M 2 (Fig. 9A) and reduced talonids on the lower molars (M 1 and M 2; Fig. 9A) but is larger in body size and skull size, with a white ventrum and a large difference in Cytb sequence (&gt;17%). The sagittal and lambdoidal crests are well defined.</p><p>Description. The dorsal fur is tricoloured, with pale grey bases changing to buff with pale reddish-brown tips; guard hairs also have reddish brown tips. The ventrum is unicoloured white from the throat to the centre of the abdomen. On the sides of the abdomen the hairs are white at the base blending to buff tips. The guard hairs on the belly are long, white, and shiny, more obvious in the mid ventrum than along the sides. The uropatagium is hairy (pale orange) with long hairs covering the proximal half. Likewise, the feet are covered with long hairs extending beyond the claws. The forearm and thumb are also quite hairy, but the hairs are short and pale in colour.</p><p>The ears are relatively short with a notch on the posterior border. The tragus is long and typical of Murina species. The calcar is long, and the wing membrane is inserted on the side of the toe at the base of the claw.</p><p>The skull is robust with a deep rostrum which has a well-marked rostral depression, and heavy, well developed sagittal and clearly defined lambdoid crests (Fig. 8A). The upper toothrows are parallel and the teeth are heavy in appearance. The inner upper incisor is simple in shape with a bicuspidate tip that may not be obvious in a worn tooth, and the tooth is mostly obscured by the larger outer incisor. The upper canine is large and heavy, P 2 and P 4 are similar in shape with P 4 slightly larger than P 2. The first and second upper molars are similar in size and shape with greatly reduced mesostyles. As in other species of Murina, M 3 is greatly reduced. The basisphenoid pits are well defined and tear drop in shape (Fig. 9A). On the mandible, the incisors are tricuspidate, and the remaining teeth are heavy in appearance. The canine is short but slightly longer than the premolars in both sexes; P 4 is larger than P 2 and both premolars on the male specimen are worn. M 1 is larger than M 2 and the talonid on M 1 is approximately ¼ the size of the trigonid but on M2 it is closer to 1/3 the size of the trigonid. The male holotype is significantly smaller in skull and external measurements than the female paratype (PC1) and they differ in shape (PC2, Fig. 6). The coronoid process is distinctly shorter in the male relative to the female accounting for their difference in shape (Fig. 6) (HCP 6.3 mm (♂) and 7.6 (♀). See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>○ = Female</p><p>□ = Male</p><p>Ecology. The only two specimens representing this species were captured at 85 m elevation in magkono (ironwood) forest ( Xanthostemon verdugonianus) and in regenerating transitional lowland-montane forest at 1400 m on Mt. Hilong-hilong, the highest mountain in northeastern Mindanao and a Key Biodiversity Area (Mallari et al. 2001). Home to endemic birds, mammals, and amphibians (Plaza &amp; Sanguila 2015, Gracia et al. 2021), Mt. Hilonghilong was identified in 2014 by Bird Life International as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area in Danger.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from two localities in NE Mindanao, associated with the Hilong-hilong Mountain Range (Fig.1). They probably occur elsewhere in this area.</p><p>Genetic Analyses. Cytochrome b and Dby sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Murina hilonghilong is one of three divergent lineages supported by Dby data (one site, Fig. 2) from the Philippines that is closely related to M. cyclotis from mainland Asia. Relative divergences among Philippine species are discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFCFFF95FF26C8642B3D3C78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
3B068791FFD0FF91FF26CBF82D0C3C78.text	3B068791FFD0FF91FF26CBF82D0C3C78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina luzonensis Eger & Sedlock & Lim & Heaney 2025	<div><p>Murina luzonensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 8D, 9D, 10C; Tables 1, 2A, 2B)</p><p>Murina cyclotis: Mt. Mingan: Balete et al. 2011: 79; Balbalasang, Heaney et al. 2005: 58; Mt. Twin Peaks, Mungiao Mts: Duya et al. 2007: 50, 56; Penablanca, Heaney et al. 2016b: 243 (but note that M. baletei is also referred to as M. cyclotis in this book); also referenced as M. cyclotis in Heaney et al. 2010).</p><p>Holotype. FMNH 190764, field number DSB 4348, young adult male, alcohol specimen with skull extracted, collected by D. S. Balete 24 June 2006. The holotype is currently housed at FMNH but will be transferred to the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila before the end of 2025, where it has been assigned PNM 9672.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.37114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.45902" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.37114/lat 15.45902)">Dingalan Munic</a>, 2.6 km S, 3.5 km W Mingan Peak, Aurora Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (15.45902 N 121.37114 E), elevation 559 m. The nucleotide sequence as deposited in Genbank of Cytb mitochondrial gene is PV659250 and DBY nuclear gene is PV659355 .</p><p>Paratype. FMNH 190765, field number DSB 4349, ♂, same date and locality as the holotype; and FMNH 190766, field number DSB 4362, ♂, collected 25 June 2006, 2.25 km S, 3.25 km W Mingan peak, elevation 733 m, Aurora Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.3732&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.4609" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.3732/lat 15.4609)">Luzon Island</a>, Philippines (15.4609 N 121.3732 E) .</p><p>Etymology. This species name reflects its currently known distribution, which is based on specimens collected across northern Luzon Island. The suggested English common name is “Luzon tube-nosed bat”.</p><p>Measurements of holotype. (in mm) and body mass (in g): total length, 86; tail vertebrae, 31; hind foot, 9; ear, 15, forearm, 35.2; and mass, 7.5.</p><p>Referred Material. FMNH 169020 ♀ (field number LRH 6320) collected 13 March, 2001, Mapga, elevation 1050 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.15/lat 17.45)">Balbalasang Brgy</a>, Balbalan Munic., Kalinga Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (17 27 N 121 09 E) ; FMNH 176550 ♂ (field number Twin Peaks 136) collected 6 May 2003 at Twin Peaks, elevation 300 m, Sitio Matulang, Brgy Sta Margarita, Baggao Munic., Cagayan Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (18 N 121 E) ; FMNH 180287 ♀ (field number PAA 495) collected 5 June 2004 at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.47769&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.05625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.47769/lat 16.05625)">Mungiao Mts.</a>, elevation 450 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.47769&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.05625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.47769/lat 16.05625)">Sitio Mangitagud</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.47769&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.05625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.47769/lat 16.05625)">Brgy Matmad</a>, Nagtipunan Munic., Quirino Province, Luzon Island, Philippines (16 03 22.5 N 121 28 39.7E) ; and FMNH 214117 ♀ (DSB 8159) collected 15 June 2011, 19 km NE Peñablanca, elevation 100 m, Cagayan Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.87&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.87/lat 17.8)">Luzon</a>, Philippines (17.8 N 121.87 E) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Like Murina cyclotis but larger, more robust skull and genetically different with&gt;18% average sequence divergence in Cytb from other species in the genus (Table 3). Similar to M. baletei, but teeth are heavier, especially the premolars; the post-palate is longer than M. baletei; a lateral view of the skull shows a brow ridge; the posterior sagittal crest is not well developed; the sagittal/lambdoid junction is not well defined with the distance from this junction to the foramen magnum greater than in M. baletei . Basisphenoid septum on M. luzonensis is wider than M. baletei (Figs. 8D, 9D).</p><p>Description. Dorsum almost unicoloured, with buff coloured hairs and light brown tips. The hairs at the shoulders are 6–7 mm long. The ventrum is unicoloured, light buff at the throat changing to grey buff along the sides and abdomen. The uropatagium is uniformly covered with long hair. The forearms and thumbs are covered with short dense fur buff in colour. The ear is notched on its posterior border (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Skull is relatively robust but sagittal and lambdoidal crests are not well developed; the back of the braincase is rounded and low (relative to M. baletei) (Fig. 8D); teeth are heavy looking and mesostyles on upper molars are reduced (Fig. 9D). The basisphenoid septum is wider than in M. baletei . On the lower molars, the talonid is approximately ½ the size of the trigonid (Fig. 9D). Penis of male is short and wide compared to M. alvarezi . See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>Ecology. This species was captured across a broad range of elevation (200–1050 m; Fig. 4), including intact lowland dipterocarp forest on Mount Mingan (Balete et al. 2011); disturbed lowland forest within the Mungiao mountain range and Mount Twin Peaks; regenerating forest over limestone near the Cagayan River (Balete et al. 2020); and within disturbed lower mossy forest at 1050 m near the village of Balbalasang in Kalinga Province (Rickart et al. 2011). One lactating female was captured in June; and two post-lactating females were captured, in March and May.</p><p>Distribution. The central Cordillera and northern Sierra Madre range in northern Luzon Island from Mt. Twin Peaks to the Mingan mountains (Fig.1).</p><p>Genetic Analyses. Cytochrome b and DBY sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Relative divergences among Philippine species are discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFD0FF91FF26CBF82D0C3C78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
3B068791FFD6FF91FF26CC1C2B4D3B84.text	3B068791FFD6FF91FF26CC1C2B4D3B84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina mindorensis Eger & Sedlock & Lim & Heaney 2025	<div><p>Murina mindorensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 1, 8B, 9B; Tables 1, 2A, 2B.</p><p>Holotype. FMNH 228475, field number DSB 11094, adult male, alcohol specimen with skull extracted, collected by D. S. Balete, 3 April 2015. The holotype is currently housed at FMNH but will be transferred to the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila before the end of 2025, where it has been assigned PNM 9675. The nucleotide sequence as deposited in Genbank of Cytb mitochondrial gene is PV659308 and DBY nuclear gene is PV659361.</p><p>Type locality. 4.0 km S., 5.0 km W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.94919&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.82673" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.94919/lat 12.82673)">Mt. Tallulah</a> peak, Sablayan Municipality, Occidental Mindoro Province, Mindoro Island, Philippines (12.82673 N 120.94919 E, elevation 140 m) .</p><p>Paratype. FMNH 228476, field number DSB 11055, adult female, collected by D. S. Balete, 31 March 2015 at 5.6 km N., 4.6 km W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.94526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.84097" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.94526/lat 12.84097)">Mt. Tallulah</a> peak, Sablayan Municipality, Occidental Mindoro Province, Mindoro Island, Philippines (12.84097 N 121.94526 E, elevation 180 m) .</p><p>Etymology. This species name reflects its distribution which is restricted to Mindoro Island. The suggested English common name is “Mindoro tube-nosed bat.”</p><p>Measurements of holotype. (in mm) and body mass (in g): total length, 91; tail vertebrae, 34; hind foot, 9; ear, 16, forearm, 36.9; and mass, 8.7.</p><p>Diagnosis. A large Murina similar to Murina cyclotis (as defined by Francis &amp; Eger 2012) but larger (FA = 36.9– 39.0 mm; Table 1) with a longer, more robust skull (GLS = 19.2–19.7 mm; Tables 2A, 2B) and genetically different by about 12% average sequence divergence in Cytb from its sister species M. baletei (Figs. 2 and 4, Table 3).</p><p>Description. Dorsal fur of the holotype is reddish in colour, buff at the base, blending to brownish red tips. The ventrum is unicolour dark buff. The female paratype is pale reddish buff at the base dorsally and unicolour buff on the ventrum.</p><p>The skull (Figs. 8B, 9B) is large with a heavy rostrum, with modest sagittal and lambdoidal crests, and lacks an elevated ridge where the two meet. The upper toothrows are parallel. The upper incisors are bicuspidate and simple in shape and the inner are longer but slighter than the outer incisors. The upper premolars are similar in size. The mesostyles of M 1 and M 2 are reduced, and the labial face of these molars is V-shaped. The upper canines are long and robust. The basisphenoid pits are relatively well developed with a medium width septum. On the mandible, the incisors are tricuspidate; the canines are heavy and well worn. P 2 is smaller than P 4; the talonids on the lower molars are about ½ the trigonids. See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>Ecology. This species was captured within regenerating lowland dipterocarp forest (140–180 m) with a dense ground cover of ferns, gingers, orchids, and Begonia . In March, a pregnant female was captured in a “V-net” (i.e., two ground mist nets arranged in a V-shape) (embryo crown rump length = 17 mm). A male was captured in a net set at ground level.</p><p>Distribution. This species is endemic to Mindoro Island where two individuals were captured at two netting sites near the base of Mt. Tallulah.</p><p>Genetic Analyses. Cytochrome b and DBY sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Murina mindorensis is one of three divergent lineages that is supported by DBY data (two sites, Fig. 2) from the Philippines that is closely related to M. cyclotis from mainland Asia. Relative divergence among Philippine species is discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFD6FF91FF26CC1C2B4D3B84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
3B068791FFD6FF93FF26CA402A4C3CEC.text	3B068791FFD6FF93FF26CA402A4C3CEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina philippinensis Eger & Sedlock & Lim & Heaney 2025	<div><p>Murina philippinensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs. 1, 7B, 8F, 9F, 10D; Tables 1, 2A, 2B.</p><p>Murina suilla: Balete et al. 2013: 15, 21; Heaney et al. 2016b: 244</p><p>Holotype. FMNH 205834, field number JLS 726, adult male, alcohol specimen with skull extracted, collected by J. L. Sedlock, 5 August 2009. The holotype is currently housed at FMNH but will be transferred to the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila before the end of 2025, where it has been assigned PNM 9671. The nucleotide sequence of Cytb mitochondrial gene is PV659294 and DBY nuclear gene is PV659358.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4594&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4594/lat 9.7205)">Sitio Bulalacao</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.4594&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7205" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.4594/lat 9.7205)">Brgy Nug-as</a>, Alcoy Municipality, Cebu Province, Cebu Island, Philippines (9.7205 N 123.4594 E, elevation 763 m)</p><p>Paratype. FMNH 205835, field number JLS 741, adult female, collected 8 August 2009, same locality as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. The most widespread of the Philippine endemic Murina species, this species name reflects its broad distribution across oceanic portions of the Philippine archipelago, from Luzon in the north to Mindanao in the south. The suggested English common name is “Philippine tube-nosed bat.”</p><p>Measurements of holotype (in mm) and body mass (in g): total length, 80; tail vertebrae, 26; hind foot, 9; ear, 16, forearm, 32.8; and mass, 4.4.</p><p>Referred Material. FMNH 186818, field number DSB 3657, ♂, collected 18 September 2005, San Isidro Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.150894&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7323055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.150894/lat 6.7323055)">Mt. Hamiguitan</a>, Davao Oriental Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines (06 43 56.3 N 126 09 3.2 E elevation 670 m) ; FMNH 195493, field number GBI 18, ♂, collected 25 May 2007, Maragusan Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.27525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.2865834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.27525/lat 7.2865834)">Mt. Kampalili</a>, Compostella Valley Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines (7 17 11.7 N 126 16 30.9 E, elevation 1900 m) ; FMNH 206220, field number DSB 5721, ♀, collected 12 October 2008, Polomoc Municipality, 1.4 km S, 0.55 km E Mt. Matutum peak, South Cotabato Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.07867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.3482" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.07867/lat 6.3482)">Mindanao Island</a>, Philippines (6.3482 N 125.07867 E, elevation 1450 m) ; and FMNH 205412, field number DSB 5983, ♀, collected 8 June 2009, Rodriguez Munic., 1.25 km S, 0.5 km W Mt Irid peak, Rizal Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.32116&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.78" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.32116/lat 14.78)">Luzon Island</a>, Philippines (14.7800 N 121.32116 E, elevation 920 m) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The smallest species of Murina in the Philippines and a member of the M. suilla group as defined by Hill and Francis (1984). Murina philippinensis is generally similar in size, colour and tooth formation to M. suilla from Mindoro but differs by having light brown wings and less hairy tail membrane and is smaller (FA = 30.8–33.4 mm vs. 33.5–34.6 mm; GLS = 15.3–16.3 mm vs. 16.1–16.3 mm). Externally M. philippinensis differs from the M. cyclotis group with its tricoloured fur, which is dark at the base, unique among the Philippine species, and it is much smaller (Table 1). The mesostyle on M 1 and M 2 is not reduced (compare ventral skull images Fig. 9F with A–E), and the talonid on lower molars is more than ½ the size of the trigonid (compare mandible images 9F with A–E).</p><p>Description. The dorsal pelage of the holotype is bright reddish brown (chestnut) in colour. The dorsal fur is tri-coloured, dark greyish brown at the base, a narrow band of light brown in the middle section grading into overall bright reddish-brown tips, some of which have dark brown tips (Fig. 3C). The ventrum is bi-coloured, dark grey at the base with buffy tips, including the chin, belly, abdomen and along the wings. The fur on the uropatagium is reddish brown and the uropatagium is heavily furred along the tail vertebrae, tibia and feet. The ear is notched on the posterior side.</p><p>The dorsal colour of the Luzon specimen (FMNH 205412) is similar to the holotype; ventrally, the basal band is a lighter grey with buff tips. Banding is more obvious at the throat, along the wings and on the chest; and the abdomen is unicolour buff. A specimen from Mindanao (FMNH 1865818) has shorter fur dorsally and ventrally and the dorsum is a yellow brown colour rather than reddish brown of the more northern specimens. The dorsal fur has some dark brown tips, giving it a mottled appearance.</p><p>The braincase of the skull (Fig. 8F) is elevated, the anterior upper premolar (P 2) is small, about half the height of the posterior (P 4); the inner upper incisor (I 2) is about the same height but smaller than and anterior to the outer incisor (I 3). The upper molars (M 1, M 2) have well developed cusps with a distinct W-shape (Figs. 3A, 9F). The toothrows are convergent and the basisphenoid pits are teardrop in shape. On the mandible the incisors are tricuspidate, the anterior premolar (P 2) is smaller than the posterior (P 4), and the talonids of the first two molars are equal in size to the trigonids (Figs. 3B, 9F). See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>Ecology. This species was captured across the archipelago from Luzon to Mindanao, and across a broad elevational range (670–1450 m), although seemingly absent below about 650 m (Fig. 5). On Cebu Island, it was captured in a small, isolated patch of second-growth forest on limestone surrounded by corn and vegetable crops. On Luzon it was captured in disturbed lowland dipterocarp-lower montane forest on limestone (Balete et al. 2013), and on Mindanao Island it was recorded in second-growth lowland forest on ultramafic soils (670 m), and in primary transitional montane forest dominated by tree ferns, rattan and thick moss-cover (1450 m). Bats were captured using harp traps and nets set across forest trails, as well as a mist net set across a river. A lactating female was captured in June on Luzon Island, and a post-lactating female was captured on Cebu Island in August.</p><p>Distribution. The most widespread of the Philippine Murina species, M. philippinensis occurs from Luzon south to Mindanao, apparently excluding only the Palawan region, the Babuyan and Batanes Islands north of Luzon, and the islands between Mindanao and Borneo (including Jolo and Tawitawi; Fig. 1).</p><p>Genetic Analysis. Cytochrome b and DBY sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Estimates of evolutionary divergence based on Cytb indicate that M. philippinensis differs by 14% from M. suilla, represented in this analysis by specimens from Mindoro, Java and Sabah and by 23% or more from other species of Murina from the Philippines (Table 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFD6FF93FF26CA402A4C3CEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
3B068791FFD4FF93FF26CCA82D1D3BBE.text	3B068791FFD4FF93FF26CCA82D1D3BBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Murina suilla (Temminck 1840)	<div><p>Murina suilla (Temminck, 1840) .</p><p>Tables 1, 2A, 2B</p><p>Murina tubinaris: Palawan: Esselstyn et al. 2004: 271, 278, 288, 289, 296.</p><p>Specimens examined from Philippines. FMNH 230253, field number DSB 11108, ♀; FMNH 230254, field number DSB 11170, ♀, collected 1.40 km N, 2.75 km W. Mt Tallulah peak on Mindoro Island, Sablayan Municipality, Occidental Mindoro Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.96232&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.80287" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.96232/lat 12.80287)">Mindoro Island</a> (12.80287 N, 120.96232 E, elevation 490 m) (Fig.1) .</p><p>Description. Fur on the dorsum is grey at the base with pale mid band and dark brown tips. Ventrally this species is unicolour buff on the mid-belly and bicoloured laterally with grey-based hairs and dark brown tips. Wings are dark brown in colour. Tail membrane is hairy, especially along the tail vertebrae. Conformation of upper and lower molars typical of M. suilla without reduced mesostyles on M 1 and M 2 and large talonids on M 1 and M 2 (Figs. 3A, B). See Tables 1 and 2A, 2B for selected external and skull measurements.</p><p>Comparison with M. philippinensis . M. suilla from Mindoro has darker wings, more hairy tail membrane, and differs in colour, having dark brown tips dorsally and dark tips on the lateral portions of the belly. M. philippinensis is reddish brown dorsally and buff coloured ventrally. Although the two species differ in colour, they share the dorsal tri-coloured banding pattern and tooth morphology. Size comparisons given above.</p><p>Other Records. Murina cf. suilla Palawan: (9 27 48 N, 118 32 16 E) was caught at the ‘‘rain forestation’’ site in Sitio Kandis, Aborlan Municipality, in forest/grassland mosaic at ca. 40 m, about seven km away from the next good secondary forest in the foothills of the Victoria Range (Esselstyn et al. 2004). Esselstyn et al. (2004) recorded this specimen (Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart SMNS 49238) as Murina cf tubinaris from Palawan and although the identification of this specimen cannot be confirmed, it is more likely to be M. suilla than M. tubinaris . M. tubinaris is now referred to as M. feae (see Francis &amp; Eger 2012; holotype from Myanmar). Records of M. feae are restricted to mainland SE Asia, from India to China. Similar to M. suilla, M. feae has tricoloured fur dorsally and bicoloured fur ventrally. The holotype of M. suilla is from Java. Specimens from Java and Borneo are small (FA 29–30 range), whereas the two Mindoro specimens are larger (FA 33–34), similar in size to the Palawan specimen. Identification of the specimen from Palawan should be regarded as provisional. We make the species assignment primarily based on the presence of M. suilla on Borneo and Mindoro, which lie at either end of Palawan. Also, it should be noted that Palawan has none of the endemic species of pteropodids that are otherwise restricted to the oceanic islands of the Philippines (Heaney, 1991; Esselstyn et al. 2004), so that finding M. philippinensis on Palawan would be surprising. Further investigation is warranted.</p><p>Ecology. M. suilla was captured on Mindoro Island in regenerating lowland dipterocarp forest (490 m) with a dense ground cover of ferns, gingers, and giant taro ( Alocasia sp.). Two females were captured in February, and one was pregnant. Both were captured in mist nets.</p><p>Genetic Analyses. Cytochrome b and DBY sequences are available on GenBank for specimens listed in Appendices 2 and 3. Relative divergences among Philippine species is discussed below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B068791FFD4FF93FF26CCA82D1D3BBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eger, Judith L.;Sedlock, Jodi L.;Lim, Burton K.;Heaney, Lawrence R.	Eger, Judith L., Sedlock, Jodi L., Lim, Burton K., Heaney, Lawrence R. (2025): Systematics and biogeography of tube-nosed bats, Murina (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Philippines with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 5691 (1): 1-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5691.1.1
