taxonID	type	description	language	source
3A0587D9B26C0F074656F99DECCA1B02.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 15.	en	Zaitsev, A. A., Zaitsev, A. I. (2019): Description of the larva of Niponius osorioceps Lewis, 1885 (Coleoptera: Histeridae) with first data on chaetotaxy of Niponiinae. Russian Entomological Journal 28 (2): 148-157, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06
3A0587D9B26C0F074656F99DECCA1B02.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. 30 larvae together with pupae and adults: Russia, Southern Primorie, Lazovskyi reserve, Proselochnaya cordon, middle stream of Formozov spring, 43 ° 00 ’ 805 " N 134 ° 06 ’ 424 " E, 19. VIII. 2007, leg. & det. K. Makarov, A. Zaitsev (MSPU).	en	Zaitsev, A. A., Zaitsev, A. I. (2019): Description of the larva of Niponius osorioceps Lewis, 1885 (Coleoptera: Histeridae) with first data on chaetotaxy of Niponiinae. Russian Entomological Journal 28 (2): 148-157, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06
3A0587D9B26C0F074656F99DECCA1B02.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Last instar larva. Maximum body length about 12 mm; head length 0.9 mm; urogomphi length 0.2 mm; maximum width of thorax 1 mm; maximum width of abdomen 1.1 mm. Body elongated, cylindrical; widest across abdominal segments II – VI, slightly tapering posterad; urogomphi small, 2 - jointed. Head capsule brownish-yellow, its low- er part somewhat lighter; mandibles reddish-brown, sclerotized parts of antenna, labial and maxillary palpi light brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, straw-yellow along the edges. Meso- and metanotum lighter, from brownish-yellow to straw-yellow. Pleurites pale yellow, prothoracic sclerites brownish-yellow, sclerotized parts of legs light brown. Abdominal sclerites pale yellow, barely distinguishable from membrane. Abdominal segments IX – X have the same coloration, only distal urogomphal joints more pigmented, yellowish-brown. Membranous area of thoracic and all abdominal segments except IX – X covered in numerous short asperities. Tergite of abdominal segment I with a pair of heavy sclerotized egg bursters. Abdominal segments II – VIII on dorsal and ventral sides with paired ampulla (Fig. 2). Head capsule (Fig. 3): prognathous, protracted, subrectangular, slightly narrowed posteriorly and deeply emarginat- ed at base. Dorsal surface of each parietal sclerite with concave area which marked by sclerotized ridge; epicranial suture rather long, about 0.2 as long as head capsule; frontal sutures short, V-shaped. Ventral tentorial pits confluent at middle forming tentorial fossa. Stemmata absent. Chaetotaxy of head capsule (Fig. 3). Frontal sclerite on each side with 11 separate setae: 8 microsetae (FR 1 – FR 7, FR 9) and 3 mesosetae (FR 8, FR 10 – 11); one setal group of 5 mesosetae (gFR) located on anterolateral margin. Also 5 pores present (FRa – FRd, FRf). Nasale (Fig. 4) asymmetrical, with 2 small teeth, each with microseta and 1 larger teeth with 2 microsetae. Also a pair of subfrontal mesosetae (SF) locat- ed ventrally near each lateral margin of nasale. Each parietal sclerite dorsally with 11 setae: 5 microsetae (PA 12 – PA 14, PA 16 – PA 20), mesoseta PA 15 and 2 macrosetae (PA 21 – 22); also 3 pores present (PAg – PAi). Ventrally each parietal sclerite with 8 setae: 2 microsetae (PA 28 – 29), 4 mesosetae (PA 24, PA 26 – 27, PA 30) and 2 macrosetae (PA 23, PA 25); also 7 pores present (PAl, PAn; PAo – PAs). Antenna (Fig. 6) with 3 antennomeres, about 0.6 as long as greatest head width. Antennomere I 1.9 as long as wide, its sclerotized area with 4 pores: ANa, ANc near inner edge; ANb, ANd near outer edge. Antennomere II 0.8 as long as antennomere I and about 1.8 as long as wide, with single pore ANe on sclerotized area; distal membrane with 2 conical sensoria (SE 1 – 2) and 5 papillate sensilla, 3 located on outer edge close to SE 2, and other 2 on inner edge near the base of antennomere III. Antennomere III 0.5 as long as antennomere II and twice as long as wide, its apex with 2 small and 3 larger papillate sensilla surrounding conical sensorium. Mandible (Fig. 5) narrowed, falcate, 1.8 as long as basal width, unidentate, incisor area with well developed retinaculum. Macroseta MN 1 located one third from base, vestigal seta MN 2 located dorsally near apex, group of penicillus setae (PE) with 9 long plumose setae and 3 shorter nonplumose setae. Also 3 pores present: MNa located dorsally approximately in the middle of the mandible, MNb — dorsolaterally from MNa, MNc — near the base of retinaculum. Maxilla (Fig. 7). Stipes 1.8 as long as wide, with 6 setae (MX 1 – 6), setal group (gMX 1) and 4 pores (MXa – d): microseta MX 1 on inner edge near the base of stipes; 3 mesosetae: MX 2 located ventrally one third from base, MX 5 – 6 dorsally on distal membrane; 2 macrosetae: MX 3 located ventrally two third from base, MX 4 ventrally on outer edge, near distal membrane; gMX 1 consists of 10 plumose setae on inner edge. Distal membrane of stipes with 4 dorsal elongated spines (flexible nonplumose setae sensu Kovarik and Passoa [1993]). Pores MXa – b, MXd ventral, pore MXc dorsal, all located on sclerotized part of stipes. Palpifer 1.1 as long as wide, with single macroseta MX 7 ventral on outer edge; 2 pores (MXe – f) and 2 elongated spines dorsal on distal membrane. Galea about 4 as long as wide with 2 apical setae: mesoseta MX 8 dorsal and microseta MX 9 ventral. Palpomere I 0.6 as long as palpifer, almost as long as wide, with single ventral pore MXg. Palpomere II 0.8 as long as palpomere I, almost as long as wide, with single ventral pore MXh and 4 pore-like sensilla. Palpomere III almost as long as palpomere II, about 1.7 as long as wide, dorsally with digitiform sensilla (SD), ventrally with 2 pore-like sensilla; its apex with 8 short basiconical sensilla. Labium (Fig. 7). Mentum reduced, its distal part membranous, dorsally with group of about 20 plumose setae (gLA); proximal part sclerotized. Prementum almost as long as wide, base of dorsal surface with numerous teeth; on each side with obtuse spinose lobe bearing 4 teeth, distal one is significantly larger than others. Prementum with 2 setae and 2 pores: macroseta LA 2 located ventrally on sclerotized part of prementum near the distal membrane and mesoseta LA 3 on dorsal distal membrane; it is possible that seta? LA 1 reduced to pore and located dorsally near the base of prementum; LAa situated close to LA 2, LAb dorsal on sclerotized part. 3 pore-like and 1 short peg-like sensilla flanking LA 3. Labial palpomere I 1.3 as long as wide, with single pore-like sensilla on distal membrane. Palpomere II 1.3 as long as palpomere I, almost 2.5 as long as wide, with digitiform sensilla dorsally and 3 pore-like sensilla on sclerotized part. Its apex with 7 basiconical sensilla, central one is the largest. Thorax (Fig. 8): about 0.2 as long as total body length, widest across mesothorax. Prothorax is 0.8 as long as wide and 1.2 as long as meso- and metathorax. Prothorax. Prothoracic tergite (PT) with well sclerotized trapezoidal pronotal shield, medial ecdysial line distinct. Pronotal shield with 10 setae on each side: 4 macrosetae (TE 2 – 3, TE 5, TE 9), mesoseta TE 4 and 5 microsetae (TE 1, TE 7 – 8, TE 10 – 11). Also 9 pores present (TEa – i). Rest of PT with 10 setae on each side: 5 macrosetae (TE 16, TE 18 – 19, TE 21, TE 23), 4 microsetae (TE 17, TE 20, TE 24, TE 27), seta? TE 15 visible as pore. Also 4 pores present (TEj, TEk – m). Each episternite (ES) with 2 microsetae (PL 34 – 35) close to procoxal cavity. Each epimeron (EM) with single microseta ST 40. Presternite (PS) roughly quadrate, with 2 microsetae (PR 7, PR 9) on each side; each lateral presternite (LP) triangular, about twice as long as PS, with 3 microsetae (PR 1, PR 4 – 5) and macroseta PR 6. Prosternite (ST) diamond-shaped, its central area with smooth cuticle. Each side with 3 setae: mesoseta ST 46, 2 microsetae (ST 30, ST 44). Laterosternites (LS) small, oval, without setae; precoxite not distinct, 2 microsetae (ST 31 – 32) on each side. Short asperities cover the area between each laterosternite and prosternum. Mesothorax. Mesothoracic tergite (MsT) with well sclerotized roughly rectangular mesonotal shield, medial ecdysial line distinct. Numerous short asperities located on anterior sternum and between humeral and lateral tergites. Mesonotal shield on each side with 2 microsetae (TE 10 – 11) and a single pore TEf. Rest of MsT with 6 setae on each side: 3 macrosetae (TE 4 – 5, TE 9), mesoseta TE 8 and 2 microsetae (TE 3, TE 7). Also 2 pores (TEj – h) present. Each humeral tergite (HT) with 4 microsetae (TE 1 – 2, TE 13 – 14) and 4 pores (TEa – c, 1 unassociated pore). Each lateral tergite (LT) with 7 setae: 3 macrosetae (TE 16, TE 18 – 19) and 4 microsetae (TE 15, TE 17, TE 20 – 21). Also a single pore TEj present. Each anterior pleurite (AP) with 2 microsetae (PL 23 – 24). Thoracic spiracle (Fig. 11) surrounded by AP, annular-biforous. Each posterior pleurite (PL) subdivided in 2 plates, anterior without setae, posterior about twice as long and bears macroseta PL 27 and microseta PL 28. Each ES with 2 microsetae (PL 34 – 35) close to procoxal cavity. Each EM with single microseta ST 40. Precoxite not distinct, 2 microsetae present (ST 31 – 32) on each side. LS elongated, much larger than on prothorax, without setae. Mesosternite (ST) roughly oval, with 3 setae on each side: macroseta ST 46 and 2 microsetae (ST 30, ST 44). Metathorax. Metathoracic tergite (MtT) with well sclerotized rectangular metanotal shield, medial ecdysial line poorly seen. Numerous short asperities located on anterior part of the whole segment. Metanotal shield on each side 7 Figs 3 – 7. Niponius osorioceps, larva: 3 — head, left — dorsal, right — ventral; 4 — nasale, ventral; 5 — left mandible, dorsal; 6 — right antenna, dorsal; 7 — labio-maxillar complex, left — ventral, right — dorsal. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Рис. 3 – 7. Niponius osorioceps, личинка: 3 — голова, слева — сверху, справа — сниЗу; 4 — наЗале, сниЗу; 5 — леваЯ мандибула, сверху; 6 — праваЯ антенна, сверху; 7 — лабио- максиллЯрный комплекс, слева — сниЗу, справа — сверху. Масштаб: 0.1 мм.. мм. 0.5 mm :: 0.5 bar Масштаб Scale I-III. I-III. сегменты segments грудные thoracic ,, larva личинка ,, osorioceps osorioceps Niponius Niponius .. 8 8.. Fig Рис with single microseta TE 11 and 2 pores (TEf – g). Rest of MtT with 4 setae on each side: macroseta TE 9, mesoseta TE 8 and 2 microsetae (TE 7, TE 10); also a single pore TEh present. Humeral tergites very pale, without setae. Dorsolateral tergites (DL) well developed, oval, each with 3 setae: 2 macrosetae (TE 4 – 5) and mesoseta TE 3; also a single pore TEi present. Chaetotaxy of the rest metathoracic sclerites is the same as on mesothorax except the absence of TE 15 on LT. Legs short, five-jointed, similar in form and chaetotaxy. Length ratio of its joints to coxa is 0.5: 0.8: 1.1: 1.7. Mesothoracic leg (Fig. 9): coxa with 11 setae: 5 macrosetae (CO 11, CO 15 – 16, CO 18 – 19), 3 mesosetae (CO 12 – 14) and 3 microsetae (CO 1 – 3). Pores not visible. Trochanter with microseta TR 1, mesoseta TR 3 and 4 pores (TRa – b, TRd – e). Femur with 7 mesosetae (FE 2 – 8) and 2 pores (FEa – b). Tibiotarsus with 17 microsetae (TI 1 – 17) and a single pore TIb. A single claw styliform, about 1.4 as long as tibiotarsus, without setae. 9. мм. mm 0.5 0.5 bar Масштаб Scale. I-II segments I-II. сегменты abdominal, брюшные larva, личинка ,, osorioceps osorioceps Niponius Niponius .. 12 12.. Fig Рис Thoracic endoskeleton (Fig. 10): prothorax with poorly-developed episternal and epimeral apodemes; pleural apodeme triangular, narrowed apically, profurcae and spinae absent. Meso- and metathorax with poorly-developed episternal and epimeral apodemes; pleural apodemes reduced; meso- and metathoracic furcae absent, meso- and metathoracic spinae absent. Such simple structure of the thoracic endoskeleton corresponds with other studied representatives of the family. Abdomen. Abdominal segment I (Fig. 12). Tergum with 9 paired sclerites and 3 single sclerites: median sclerite, sclerite with egg bursters and posterior tergite; on each side with 12 setae and 5 pores. Each sclerite with egg burster bears single mesoseta TE 3 and 2 pores: TEb located near egg burster, and TEe adjoined TE 3. Large median sclerite with macroseta TE 9, mesoseta TE 11 and pore TEg adjoined TE 9. There are 3 small and 1 medsized sclerites on each side of large median sclerite. Most closely situated small sclerite with single mesoseta TE 8; another small sclerite anteriad of TE 8 with mesoseta TE 6 and adjoined pore TEi; third small sclerite laterad of TE 6 with mesoseta TE 4. Medsized sclerite with macroseta TE 5. Each lateral tergite subdivided into 5 sclerites; the largest one with macroseta TE 19, microseta TE 20 and pore TEj adjoined TE 19. Sclerite located anteriad to TE 19 with macroseta TE 16; posterior sclerite with mesoseta TE 18; the smallest sclerite with mesoseta 21. Sclerite situated laterad of TE 18 without setae. Pleuron on each side with 4 sclerites and 6 setae. Anterior pleurite is the largest sclerite with macroseta PL 25 and 2 microsetae (PL 23 – 24); lesser sclerite with macroseta PL 27 and microseta PL 26; the smallest sclerite with mesoseta PL 28. Sclerite located between anterior pleurite and spiracle without setae. Sternum on each side with 6 sclerites and 10 setae; also single median sclerite present. Anterior sternite without setae; median sternite with microseta ST 46; small sclerite located between anterior and median sternites with microseta ST 30. There are 4 sclerites surrounding ventral ampulla: anterior sclerite with 2 microsetae (ST 31 – 32); posterior with 2 macrosetae (ST 41, ST 43); larger lateral sclerite with macroseta ST 40 and microseta ST 39; lesser lateral sclerite with 2 microsetae (ST 44 – 45). Numerous short asperities located mostly in anterior half of the segment. Abdominal segment II similar to I, but differs in better developed tergal and sternal ampulla; lack of egg bursters; pleuron on each side with additional sclerite without setae; anterior pleurite without PL 23; anterior part of sternum with one additional sclerite on each side, without setae; each sclerite, posterior to ventral ampulla subdivided into two, one with ST 41, other with ST 43. Abdominal spiracles similar to those on thorax, annual-biforous (Fig. 11). Abdominal segments III – VIII like segment II. Abdominal segment IX (Figs 13 – 14) without ampulla and asperities. Tergum with 8 setae and 6 sclerites on each side. 2 mesosetae (TE 3, TE 21) and 2 macrosetae (TE 9, TE 16) each located on small sclerite; 2 macrosetae (TE 5, TE 17) both located on midsized sclerite; microseta TE 18 and macroseta TE 19 both located on a small sclerite. Pleuron with 5 setae and 4 sclerites on each side. Microseta PL 24, mesoseta PL 28 and macroseta PL 25 each located on small sclerite; mesoseta PL 26 and macroseta PL 27 both located on midsized sclerite. Sternum with 4 setae and 3 sclerites on each side. Microseta ST 30 on minute anterior sclerite, mesoseta ST 46 on small sclerite; mesoseta ST 38 and macroseta ST 40 both on midsized sclerite. Urogomphi (Fig. 15) 2 - jointed, basal urogomphal sclerites dorsally with microseta UG 4, macroseta UG 3 and pore? UGa sharing midsized sclerite, and separate mesoseta UG 2 closer to urogomphal joint I; ventrally with mesoseta UG 5 and macroseta UG 6 closer to urogomphal joint I. Urogomphal joint I almost as long as wide, its apical part dorsally with mesoseta UG 8 and pores UGc – d on distal membrane, ventrally with 2 macrosetae (UG 9 – 10). Urogomphal joint II 2.5 as long as wide and almost 1.5 as long as urogomphal joint I, its apical part dorsally with macroseta UG 12, ventrally with microseta UG 11 and macroseta UG 13; pore UGe locat- ed dorsally on sclerotized part. Abdominal segment X (Fig. 14) short, considerably retracted and directed posteroventrally, without asperities, sclerites not distinct. On each side with 8 setae: 2 previously undiscribed apical microsetae; 5 mesosetae (PP 1 – 3, PP 5, PP 7) and single macroseta PP 4 surrounding abdominal segment X. A single pore PPa present in anterolateral part of the segment.	en	Zaitsev, A. A., Zaitsev, A. I. (2019): Description of the larva of Niponius osorioceps Lewis, 1885 (Coleoptera: Histeridae) with first data on chaetotaxy of Niponiinae. Russian Entomological Journal 28 (2): 148-157, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06
3A0587D9B26C0F074656F99DECCA1B02.taxon	biology_ecology	BIOLOGY. Numerous larvae were found crawling in galleries of Hylesinus tristis, feeding on its larvae and pupae.	en	Zaitsev, A. A., Zaitsev, A. I. (2019): Description of the larva of Niponius osorioceps Lewis, 1885 (Coleoptera: Histeridae) with first data on chaetotaxy of Niponiinae. Russian Entomological Journal 28 (2): 148-157, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.2.06
