identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4515878AFF85FFB3FF42FF3AFDCB3E51.text	4515878AFF85FFB3FF42FF3AFDCB3E51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes Jordan & Evermann 1898	<div><p>Genus  Allinectes</p><p>Allurus Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1896: 452 (subgenus; type species Careproctus ectenes by original designation; monotypic; objectively invalid; preoccupied by Allurus Förster [Hymenoptera] and by Allurus Eisen [Oligochaeta]).— Schmidt, 1950: 193 (synonym of Careproctus).— Stein 1978: 10 (synonym of subgenus Allinectes).— Chernova et al. 2004: 51 (genus-group name).</p><p>Alldurus Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1898: 2131 (lapsus calami, corrected to Allurus on p. 2866).</p><p>Allinectes Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1898: 2866 (replacement name for Allurus).— Burke 1930: 8 (elevated to genus for A. ectenes).— Stein 1978: 10 (subgenus).— Chernova et al. 2004: 51 (genus-group name).— Orr et al. 2019: 25 (genus-group name).</p><p>Allinectis: Andriashev, 2003: 33 (misspelling).— Schmidt 1950: 193 (synonym of  Careproctus).— Kido 1988: 193 (misspelling).</p><p>Type species.  Allinectes ectenes (Gilbert, 1896)</p><p>Other included species.</p><p>Allinectes attenuatus (Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912a)</p><p>Allinectes busbyi new species</p><p>Allinectes curilanus (Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912b)</p><p>Allinectes istiophorus new species</p><p>Allinectes nanstanorum new species</p><p>Allinectes pycnosoma (Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912b)</p><p>Diagnosis. Species of the  Liparidae distinguished from all other species by having elongate, moderately to deeply emarginate anterior dorsal-fin rays 1 and 2, followed by shallow to deep notch in both sexes, teeth trilobed, vertebrae 47–59, cephalic pores 2-6-7-2, nostril single, and pseudobranchs absent.</p><p>Description. Body elongate, deepest at dorsal-fin origin, slightly tapered, compressed posteriorly. Head moderately small, less than 30% SL. Mouth small, horizontal. Teeth trilobed. Premaxillary tooth plates matching mandibular tooth plates. Diastema absent at symphyses of upper and lower jaws. Orbit small to large, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head; pupil round. Nostril single.</p><p>Pores of cephalic lateralis system of moderate size, pore pattern 2-6-7-2, chin pores paired. Interorbital pore absent.</p><p>Gill opening small, extending ventrally to dorsal rays 1 or 2 of pectoral fin or entirely above pectoral-fin. Opercular flap angular. Gill rakers 4–9, short, blunt. Branchiostegal rays six. Pseudobranchs absent.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 42–54, anteriormost rays more or less elongate, moderately to deeply emarginate, followed by shorter rays forming shallow or deep notch, tips of more posterior rays not exserted; anterior rays uniserial and unsegmented, more posterior rays biserial and unsegmented; all rays simple. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 2 and 3 or 3 and 4, bearing single small ray.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 37–49, all rays biserial, segmented, and simple; one to three anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing single ray. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 13–14 (caudal vertebrae 2–3).</p><p>Pectoral fin with 28–39 rays; strongly notched. Upper lobe, with 21–30 rays, extending well beyond anus to anal-fin origin or slightly beyond, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 6–10, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Lower lobe with 6–10 rays, dorsal rays lengthening to longest rays, more ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Rays of notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes, more widely spaced ventrally. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below orbit.</p><p>Pelvic disk round to slightly longer than wide, flat.</p><p>Principal caudal-fin rays 10–12, dorsal procurrent rays 1–3, ventral procurrent rays 0–2 (1–3 + 5–6/5–6 + 0–2). Membrane of posterior dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin at shorter distance than anal-fin rays.</p><p>Skin naked, prickles absent.</p><p>Vertebrae 47–59, precaudal 9–11, caudal 37–49. Pleural ribs 1–3, anteriormost small when 3, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 9–10 or 8–10 (9–10). Single epural present.</p><p>Distribution. Species of  Allinectes are distributed across the North Pacific, from the Sea of Okhotsk, off Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and into the southern Bering Sea at depths of 117 to 1172 m (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.  Allinectes is derived from the Greek ἄλλος, meaning “another” and νηκτός, meaning “swimmer.”</p><p>Remarks. The subgenus  Allinectes (a replacement name for  Allurus) was erected by Jordan &amp; Evermann (1896) without a diagnosis for its sole member  Careproctus ectenes, presumably because of its distinct general body morphology as presented by Gilbert (1896) in his original description. Burke (1930) further noted its distinctiveness, indicating that especially with having the pyloric caeca absent or reduced, the combined characters of dentition, depressed head, and projecting snout might warrant placing it in a new genus. Although he referred  C. ectenes to genus  Allinectes in the methods section for his 1930 revision of the  Liparidae, he later referred it to  Careproctus in the species account and other sections.</p><p>Key to species of  Allinectes</p><p>1A. Peritoneum black................................................................................... 2A</p><p>1B. Peritoneum pale or dusky............................................................................ 5A</p><p>2A. Anterior dorsal-fin rays slightly to moderately elongate, less than 50% HL; stomach pale.......................... 3A</p><p>2B. Anterior dorsal-fin rays moderately to strongly elongate, 60% HL or longer; stomach dark......................... 4A</p><p>3A. Anal-fin rays 37–38; head slightly depressed, depth at nape 45–55% HL; head narrow, width 40–50% HL; vent closer to pelvic disk than anal-fin origin..............................................................  Allinectes nanstanorum Bering Sea, 860–1172 m</p><p>3B. Anal-fin rays 40; head deep, depth at nape 67% HL; head broad, width 60% HL; vent midway between pelvic disk and anal-fin origin..............................................................................  Allinectes attenuatus Aleutian Islands, Agattu Island, 882 m</p><p>4A. Snout strongly protruding; anterior dorsal-fin rays moderately elongate, 60% HL.....................  Allinectes busbyi Aleutian Islands, Seguam Island, 458 m</p><p>4B. Snout rounded, not strongly protruding; anterior dorsal-fin rays strongly elongate, greater than 60% HL...................................................................................................  Allinectes istiophorus Aleutian Islands, 117–762 m</p><p>5A. Peritoneum dusky; pyloric caeca 6–7, thick and short.........................................  Allinectes curilanus Kuril Islands, Simushir Island, and Aleutian Islands, 240–471 m</p><p>5B. Peritoneum pale; pyloric caeca absent, filamentous, or more than 10.......................................... 6A</p><p>6A. Pectoral fin with strong notch and elongate lower rays,&gt;50% HL; pyloric caeca absent or filamentous; vertebrae 54; anal-fin rays 44; snout tip slightly to strongly protruding..............................................  Allinectes ectenes Aleutian Islands, Unalaska Island and Bowers Bank, 494–640 m</p><p>6B. Pectoral fin with shallow notch and short lower rays, 33% HL; pyloric caeca about 17, short, blunt; vertebrae 49; anal-fin rays 39; snout tip blunt, not protruding.......................................................  Allinectes pycnosoma Kuril Islands, Simushir Island, 419 m</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF85FFB3FF42FF3AFDCB3E51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF84FFB8FF42FB5EFE2C385D.text	4515878AFF84FFB8FF42FB5EFE2C385D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes ectenes (Gilbert 1896)	<div><p>Allinectes ectenes (Gilbert, 1896)</p><p>Shovelhead Snailfish</p><p>Figure 1, Tables 1 and 2</p><p>Careproctus ectenes Gilbert, 1896: 442 (original description). Type locality:Aleutian Islands, north of Unalaska Island, Albatross station 3331, 350 fms.— Jordan &amp; Evermann 1896: 452 (checklist).— Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898: 2136 (description, subgenus Allurus, in key), 2866 (type species of new subgenus Allinectes).— Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a: 80 (compared with C. attenuatus).— Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b: 372–373 (compared with C. pycnosoma and C. curilanus).— Burke 1930: 110 (description, designation of lectotype, in key).— Jordan et al. 1930: 403 (checklist, Aleutian Islands, subgenus Allinectes).— Böhlke 1953: 136 (type catalog).— Kido 1985: 16 (compared with C. pycnosoma [in part = Allocareproctus tanix Orr &amp; Busby, 2006]).— Kido 1988: 198 (compared with A. jordani (Burke, 1930)).— Orr &amp; Busby 2001: 57 (comparison with Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis Orr &amp; Busby, 2001).— Orr &amp; Busby 2006: 4, 13 (comparison with Allocareproctus).— Maslenikov et al. 2013: 14 (in part, Alaska).— Parin et al. 2014: 319 (checklist, expected in Commander Islands).— Murasaki et al. 2018: 241 (list of characters, compared with C. surugaensis Murasaki, Takami &amp; Fukui, 2018).— Orr et al. 2019: 25 (subgenus).</p><p>Careproctus (Allurus) ectenes Jordan &amp; Evermann 1896: 452 (new subgenus, type by monotypy, objectively invalid); Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898: 2136 [cited by Burke 1930].</p><p>Careproctus (Allinectes) ectenes Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898: 2866 (new subgenus, type by monotypy, replacement name for Allurus).</p><p>Allinectes ectenes Burke 1930: 8 (new combination).</p><p>Lectotype. USNM 48618, ca. 67 mm, (“the largest 78 mm ” [TL?] in type lot of Gilbert 1896; specimen now in poor condition in two pieces), ripe female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-166.8139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.0278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -166.8139/lat 54.0278)">Aleutian Islands</a>, 3.5 km north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-166.8139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.0278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -166.8139/lat 54.0278)">Unalaska Island</a>, 54.0278°N, 166.8139°W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-166.8139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.0278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -166.8139/lat 54.0278)">Albatross
station 3331, 637 m</a> (350 fms) depth, 21 August 1890 (designated by Burke 1930)  .</p><p>Paralectotypes. CAS-SU 3091, ca. 62 mm, and USNM 53031, ca. 60 mm; both from the same locality as lectotype and in very poor condition, both now in three pieces .</p><p>Additional Material Examined.   USNM 64043, 2, ca. 58–60 mm (both in very poor condition, disintegrating, in more than three pieces), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-178.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -178.3/lat 54.3)">Aleutian Islands</a>, Bowers Bank, north of Rat Islands, ca. 54.3°N, 178.3°W,  Albatross station 3785, 494 m (270 fms) depth, 27 June 1900  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of  Allinectes except  A. curilanus and  A. attenuatus by its higher counts of median-fin rays and vertebrae (dorsal-fin rays 48–51 vs. 42–47, anal-fin rays 44 vs. 37–41, vertebrae 54 vs. 47–51 in  A. pycnosoma,  A. istiophorus,  new species,  A. nanstanorum,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species, combined), smaller pelvic disk (27.6–28.3% vs. 29.0–41.4% HL), and smaller gill slit (18.7% vs. 20.3–29.5% HL). Differing from  A. curilanus in peritoneum pale (vs. dusky in  A. curilanus), narrower interorbital width (13.3–15.4% vs. 16.9–21.7% HL), longer anterior body (snout to pelvic disk 66.1–68.6% vs. 49.3–65.1% HL; snout to anus 114–116% vs. 96.6–115.3% HL), and absent, filamentous, or short pyloric caeca (14.2% vs. 15.1–29.0% HL). Differing from  A. attenuatus in its longer anterior dorsal-fin rays, deeper body (depth at anal-fin origin 46.7–61.5% vs. 38.8% HL in  A. attenuatus), typically more dorsal-fin rays (48–51 vs. 48), fewer pectoral-fin rays (30–32 vs. 34), and peritoneum pale (vs. black). Further differing from  A. istiophorus,  new species, in peritoneum and stomach pale (vs. both dark in  A. istiophorus,  new species), fewer pyloric caeca (0–6 vs. 7–11), more vertebrae and median-fin rays (54 vs. 48–51 vertebrae, 48–51 vs. 43–47 dorsal-fin rays, and 44 vs. 38–41 anal-fin rays), broader head (width 58.4–61.4% vs. 44.3–58.6% HL), and typically smaller pelvic disk (27.6–28.3% vs. 29.7–41.4% HL). Differing from  A. nanstanorum,  new species, in peritoneum pale (vs. black in  A. nanstanorum,  new species), truncate caudal fin (vs. dorsalmost caudal-fin ray longer and thicker), more vertebrae and median-fin rays (54 vs. 47–49 vertebrae, 48–51 vs. 42–45 dorsal-fin rays, and 44 vs. 37–38 anal-fin rays), and deeper body at pelvic disk (61.6–69.2% vs. 44.2–52.8% HL). Further distinguished from  A. pycnosoma by its strongly notched pectoral fin with long lower lobe (vs. shallow notch, with short lower lobe in  A. pycnosoma), protruding snout (vs. blunt, non-protruding), shorter head (20–25% vs. 26.9% SL), and anus nearer pelvic disk (15.8–22.4% vs. 25.7% HL).</p><p>Description. Body extremely elongate, slightly tapered, rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 61.6–69.2 (69.2)% HL; depth at anal-fin origin 46.7–61.5 (53.9)% HL. Head moderately small, 20–25 (20)% SL, width 58.4–61.4 (58.4)% HL, depressed, shovel shaped, with truncate or slightly protruding snout, nape not elevated. Snout depressed, rounded, snout tip projecting anterior to lower jaw for up to distance of about half (lectotype [Burke 1930]) or equal to pupil diameter. Snout shorter than orbit, 80.9–95.1 (95.1)% OL, 25.9–29.1 (29.1)% HL, snout tip slightly or strongly projecting, 24.4–42.5 (24.4)% OL, 7.4–13.4 (7.4)% HL. Mouth inferior; upper jaw 33.9–39.6 (39.6)% HL, maxilla extending to anterior part of orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit; mandible 41.1–48.8 (41.1)% HL. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 10 oblique rows of 8 teeth forming narrow bands. Orbit 30.6–32.0 (30.6)% HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to upper jaw 7.9–9.7 (9.7)% HL, to lower jaw 18.1–24.6 (24.6)% HL; pupil round, about 30–40% OL. Interorbital space broad, bony distance 13.3–15.4 (14.7% HL, convex. Nostril single, with raised rim in lectotype, or in short tube, 1.6% HL.</p><p>Free neuromasts not evident because of damage.</p><p>Gill opening small, 18.7% HL in lectotype, upper margin at about level of dorsal rim of orbit, extending ventrally to above pectoral fin.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 48–51 (48; Tables 1, 2), anteriormost ray moderately elongate, 2.6–3.2 (3.2) in head, 31.3% HL, forming “distinct” notch, tip of anteriormost ray exserted (Burke 1930). Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 2 and 3. Pre-dorsal-fin length 25% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 44 (Tables 1, 2), two anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing single ray, tips of anterior rays exserted (Burke 1930). Anal-fin origin below vertebra 12 (caudal vertebra 2), pre-anal-fin length 34–36 (34)% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin deeply notched, with 30–32 (30) rays (Tables 1, 2). Upper lobe with 25 rays, extending well beyond anus to anal-fin origin, 71.6–81.1 (71.6)% HL, longer than lower lobe. Lower lobe elongate, 52.0–62.7 (62.7)% HL, with 7 rays, extending beyond anus short of anal-fin origin. Elongate rays of lower lobe mostly free of membrane (Gilbert 1896). Notch strong. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with ventral rim of orbit. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below mid-orbit.</p><p>Pelvic disk small, length 30.8% HL, slightly wider than long, width 23.1–30.8 (30.8)% HL, anterior lobe weakly developed, flat, distance from tip of snout to pelvic disk 14% SL. Anus behind vertical from gill slit (Burke 1930), closer to pelvic disk than to anal-fin origin, distance from disk to anus 15.8–22.4 (22.4)% HL, distance from anus to anal-fin origin 54.5–68.5 (54.5)% HL; distance from snout to anus 24% SL, 114.2–116.4 (116.4)% HL.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Caudal fin slender, truncate, of about eight rays; dorsal- and anal-fin membranous connections to caudal apparently not greater than 30% caudal-fin length (Burke 1930).</p><p>Vertebrae 54, precaudal 10, caudal 44 (Tables 1, 2). Pleural ribs 3 (USNM 53031), anteriormost small, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 8–10.</p><p>Skin thin. Pyloric caeca 0–6 (absent in lectotype), if present “very short” (14.2% HL) or as “filaments” (Burke 1930).</p><p>Coloration. In life, nearly uniform dusky-brownish; lighter on snout, belly, and underside of head (Gilbert 1896). Peritoneum, stomach, and intestines pale; orobranchial cavity dusky (Gilbert 1896; Burke 1930). Body and fins dusky pale in preservation.</p><p>Life history. The largest specimen known is 87 mm TL (Burke 1930). The lectotype (USNM 48618) is a ripe female, 64 mm SL with yolked eggs.</p><p>Distribution.  Allinectes ectenes is known from only five specimens taken in the Aleutian Islands at depths of 494 and 640 m (Fig. 1). The three types were collected from north of Unalaska Island. Two additional non-type specimens of USNM 64043 identified by Burke (1930) were collected 150 miles north of the Rat Islands on Bowers Bank (Townsend, 1901) (Fig. 1). The stated locality of USNM 64043 for station 3785 from Townsend (1901) is “Rat Ids., Aleutian Chain, S. 150 m,” in which “S” is presumed to mean “South,” is likely an error. The map of stations provided by Townsend (1901) shows the station listed with 3784 (“3784-5”) as being well north of the Aleutians and listed under the general heading “North of Aleutian Islands.” Stations 3784 and 3786 are both on Bowers Bank, about 250 km north of the Rat Islands, and both were occupied on the same day. To travel 500 km from north to south of the Rat Islands and back between the two stations within the same day would be impossible. In addition, depths 250 km south of the Aleutians are in the thousands of meters, far deeper than the stated depth.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek έχτευής, meaning “extended” or “drawn out” (Jordan &amp; Evermann 1898) in reference to its elongate body.</p><p>Remarks. Although I obtained some new data from the types of  A. ectenes, all are in very poor condition. Each is broken, two are in three pieces, and all are otherwise damaged. In addition, Gilbert (1896) and Burke (1930) based their explicit descriptions on the lectotype (the largest of the syntypes), but it is unclear which specimens Burke (1930) used for his synopsis and remarks. They likely included a non-type lot of two specimens (USNM 64043), each now broken into three pieces and unidentifiable. No illustration is available of  A. ectenes .</p><p>The most significant character of the three new species described below is the length of the two anteriormost rays of the dorsal fin, which are longer than all succeeding rays and in two of the new species extend at least a third of head length (three in head length) to equal the head length (one in head length). The original condition of the anteriormost dorsal-fin ray in  A. ectenes cannot be verified because it is damaged in all the types as well as in both specimens of USNM 64043, but apparently, the anterior dorsal-fin rays varied widely among these specimens. No illustration is available of the species and Gilbert (1896) makes no mention of the length of the rays of the dorsal fin in his original description of  A. ectenes . However, in Burke’s (1930) redescription of the type of  A. ectenes he noted the presence of a “dorsal notch” and the elongate first ray, “about 3.2 in head” and thus equal to orbit length. He also provided a synopsis and remarks with additional description that included the paralectotypes and two specimens of USNM 64043. He noted in his synopsis that the dorsal fin is more or less distinctly notched in the species, including in specimens of USNM 64043, giving proportional data for specimens in that lot—the anteriormost ray 3.4 in HL (29% HL) in the larger and 2.6 in HL (38% HL) in the smaller. In addition, Burke (1930) noted that the tip of the first dorsal-fin ray projects above the skin; in the new species nearly a third or more of the ray is exserted. Among species of  Allinectes, the anteriormost ray in  A. istiophorus,  new species, is much longer at 1.0 to 1.5 times in head length; in  A. curilanus, the ray is shorter at 2.1 to 2.7 times in head length. In  A. attenuatus, the first ray is “elongate, longer than the two or three succeeding rays” (Burke 1930: 117). Thus, among the new species, the first dorsal-fin ray is significantly longer in both  A. istiophorus,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species; in  A. nanstanorum,  new species, otherwise easily distinguished by its black peritoneum and lower vertebral and median-fin ray counts, the first ray is about equal in length to that of  A. ectenes .</p><p>Of the five specimens examined by Burke (1930: 110–112), including the two non-types, pyloric caeca were absent in the lectotype and two other specimens; in the two remaining specimens they were “very short and small” or represented by “some filaments.” I found six short and small caeca in a paralectotype (CAS 3091) but was unable to find caeca in the other specimens. Finger-like pyloric caeca that are short but longer than in this paralectotype are present in  A. curilanus,  A. pycnosoma, and each of the three new species. In  A. pycnosoma, 17 pyloric caeca are present (Kido 1985); in the other species, 6–11 are present.</p><p>In his original description, Gilbert (1896) described the color of the types as “dusky-brownish.” Because Gilbert in other reports specifically indicated when referring to the preserved coloration (e.g., “color in spirits”) of specimens, I accept this as his description of fresh specimens. Each of the new species described herein range in color from light to dark red, with some dark brown-black mottling in  A. nanstanorum,  new species .</p><p>Snout-tip length is an important character used in distinguishing  A. ectenes from  A. curilanus, but appears to vary widely in  A. ectenes . Both Gilbert (1896) and Burke (1930) described the snout of  A. ectenes as overlapping the inferior mouth for a distance equal to (Gilbert 1896) or half (Burke 1930) the pupil diameter, and Burke described it as being similar to that of  A. curilanus and  C. simus Gilbert, 1896, both of which have obviously produced snouts. The snouts of all the types of  A. ectenes are compressed and damaged; however, in the lectotype, the snout is slightly protruding (although the pupil is damaged), and in one of the paralectotypes (CAS-SU 3091), the broad, rounded snout is clearly protruding and extends over the mouth for a distance about equal to the diameter of the pupil.</p><p>Burke (1930) discussed the similarity of  A. ectenes with  A. curilanus, noting that they differed in the size of the gill slit and pelvic disk. Although both types of  A. curilanus have larger gill slits and pelvic discs than evident in data available for two of the types of  A. ectenes, the range of lengths among specimens of  A. curilanus examined here fully encompasses the ranges in  A. ectenes and are not useful to distinguish the species.</p><p>Allinectes ectenes was described by both Gilbert (1896) and Burke (1930) as having a depressed head with a more or less pronounced snout, and a slender, strongly elongate body, and Burke (1930) described it as similar to  Acantholiparis opercularis Gilbert and Burke, 1912a . However, species of  Acantholiparis are easily distinguished from species of  Allinectes by several characters, including most obviously by the lack of a pelvic disk as well as the diagnostic spiny opercle.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF84FFB8FF42FB5EFE2C385D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF8EFFBAFF42FF3AFEDB385D.text	4515878AFF8EFFBAFF42FF3AFEDB385D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes attenuatus (Gilbert & Burke 1912) Orr 2025	<div><p>Allinectes attenuatus (Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912),  new combination</p><p>Attenuate Snailfish</p><p>Figure 1; Tables 1 and 2</p><p>Careproctus attenuatus Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912a: 79, fig. 24 (original description, compared with A. ectenes). Type locality: Alaska, Aleutian Islands, off Agattu Island, 882 m (482 fms), Albatross station 4781.— Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b: 374 (compared with C. homopterus Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912b).— Burke 1930: 116, fig. 34–35 (description, key, compared with C. homopterus).— Soldatov &amp; Lindberg 1930: 379 (description, possibly in Russian waters, compared with C. hamopterus [sic]).— Stein &amp; Fitch 1984: 82, fig. 2 (otolith, specimen not found).— Lindberg &amp; Krasyukova 1987: 438, fig. 259 (description, in key, compared with C. homopterus).— Kido 1988: 198 (compared with A. jordani).— Pitruk 1990: 36 (checklist, Sea of Okhotsk).— Parin et al. 2002: S110 (Russia, possibly in Sea of Okhotsk and off Commander Islands).— Chernova et al. 2004: 5 (checklist, unconfirmed report to Sea of Okhotsk).— Orr &amp; Busby 2006: 13 (compared with Allocareproctus).— Orr &amp; Maslenikov 2007: 708 (compared with C. comus Orr &amp; Maslenikov, 2007 and C. faunus Orr &amp; Maslenikov, 2007).— Kai et al. 2011: 353 (compared with C. notosaikaiensis Kai, Ikeguchi &amp; Nakabo, 2011).— Parin et al. 2014: 315 (checklist, possible record from Commander Islands).— Murasaki et al. 2018: 240 (list of characters, compared with C. surugaensis).— Kai et al. 2018: 421 (compared with C. iacchus Kai, Tohkairin, Fuiwara &amp; Hamatsu, 2018).—Kai &amp; Matsuzaki 2020: 137 (compared with C. longidigitus Kai &amp; Matsuzaki, 2020).— Chernova et al. 2020: 84 (compared with C. pulcher Chernova, Thiel &amp; Eidus, 2020)— Dylidin &amp; Orlov 2020: 209 (checklist, unconfirmed from Sakhalin Island).</p><p>Careproctus attinuatus: Ueno 1971: 98 (lapsus calami, Sea of Okhotsk).</p><p>Careproctus attenuatus non Gilbert &amp; Burke: Steinke et al. 2009: fig. 4, supplements (molecular phylogenetics, = C. longifilis Garman, 1892).— Duhamel et al. 2010: 322 (molecular phylogenetics, = C. longifilis).— Orr et al. 2019: 54 (molecular phylogenetics; corrected misidentifications to C. longifilis).</p><p>Careproctus attenuates: Burke 1930: 116 (lapsus calami, description of type).— Chernova et al. 2020: 84 (lapsus calami; compared with C. pulcher).</p><p>Careproctus attenuates non Burke: Linley et al. 2022: 11 (phylogenetics, = C. longifilis).</p><p>Holotype. USNM 74386, 37 mm SL (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a; now broken anterior to caudal fin), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.22/lat 52.24)">Agattu Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.24" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.22/lat 52.24)">Albatross
station 4781</a>, 52.24°N, 174.22°E, 482 fms (881 m), 7 June 1906.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of  Allinectes by a combination of its truncate non-protruding snout and slender posterior body (depth at anal-fin origin 38.8% vs. 39.7–82.1% HL in other  Allinectes). Further distinguished from  A. ectenes,  A. istiophorus,  new species,  A. nanstanorum,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species, by its slightly notched dorsal fin (vs. more elongate anteriormost rays and deep notch in  A. ectenes,  A. istiophorus,  new species,  A. nanstanorum,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species), from  A. istiophorus,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species, by stomach pale (vs. dark in  A. istiophorus,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species), from  A. istiophorus,  new species,  A. nanstanorum,  new species, and  A. busbyi,  new species, by its higher count of dorsal-fin rays (48 vs. 43–47 in  A. istiophorus,  new species, 45 in  A. busbyi,  new species, and 42–45 in  A. nanstanorum,  new species) and smaller pelvic disk (28.2% HL vs. 29.7–41.4%, 40.2%, and 29.0–29.8% HL in  A. istiophorus,  new species,  A. busbyi,  new species, and  A. nanstanorum,  new species, respectively), and from  A. ectenes by its higher count of pectoral-fin rays (34 vs. 30–32 in  A. ectenes), peritoneum black (vs. pale), and snout truncate (vs. snout rounded to strongly protruding). Easily distinguished from  A. curilanus by its truncate, non-protruding snout (vs. acute, strongly protruding snout in  A. curilanus), lower counts of anal-fin rays (40 vs. 42–49), deeper body at pelvic disk (67.1% vs. 38.7–72.5% HL), more slender body posteriorly (depth at anal-fin origin 38.8% vs. 39.7–53.0% HL), and a shorter distance from anus to anal-fin origin (29.4% vs. 31.1–74.4% HL). Further distinguished from  A. pycnosoma by its deeply notched pectoral fin with long lower lobe (vs. shallow notch, with short lower lobe in  A. pycnosoma), higher counts of dorsal-fin rays (48 vs. 45), and larger mouth (upper-jaw and lower-jaw lengths 41.2% and 47.1%, respectively, vs. 28.6% and 38.1% HL).</p><p>Description. Body extremely elongate, greatly attenuated (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a; Burke 1930), rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 67.1% HL, depth at anal-fin origin 38.8% HL. Head relatively large, 23.0% SL, width 58.8% HL, depressed, broad, with truncate snout, nape strongly elevated. Snout deep, truncate, not projecting anterior to lower jaw, length 27.1% HL. Snout shorter than orbit length, 85.2% OL, 27.1% HL. Mouth terminal; upper jaw 41.2% HL, maxilla extending to midorbit, oral cleft extending to anterior part of orbit; mandible 47.1% HL. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 7 oblique rows (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a), forming narrow bands. Orbit 31.8% HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to upper jaw 8.2% HL, to lower jaw 24.7% HL; pupil round. Interorbital space broad, bony distance 21.2% HL, slightly convex. Nostril on short tube, level with midorbit, length 14.8% OL.</p><p>Gill opening small, upper margin at level of dorsal rim of orbit, entirely above pectoral fin (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 48 (Burke 1930; Tables 1, 2), anteriormost ray moderately elongate, longer than succeeding rays 2 and 3, forming slight notch (Burke 1930). Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 3 and 4. Pre-dorsal-fin length 25.4% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 40 (Burke 1930; Tables 1, 2), two anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing a single ray, tips of rays not exserted (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a: fig. 24). Anal-fin origin below vertebra 12 (caudal vertebra 2), pre-anal-fin length 32.4% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin moderately notched, with 34 rays (Tables 1, 2), damaged (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a; Burke 1930). Upper lobe moderately elongate (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a: fig. 24). Lower lobe moderately elongate, 1.5 in head (Burke 1930; about 75% HL), with nine rays (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a: fig. 24), extending to anus, well short of anal-fin origin (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a: fig. 24). Longer rays of lower lobe mostly free of membrane (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a: fig. 24). Notch strong. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with ventral part of orbit; insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below posterior rim of orbit (Gilbert 1912a: fig. 24).</p><p>Pelvic disk small, length 28.2% HL, slightly longer than wide, width 24.7% HL, flat, distance from tip of snout to pelvic disk 15.7% SL. Anus about midway between pelvic disk and anal-fin origin, distance from disk 24.7% HL, distance from anal-fin origin 29.4% HL; distance from snout to anus 26.3% SL, 114.0% HL.</p><p>Caudal fin broken (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a), now missing with posterior part of body. Membrane of posterior dorsal- and anal-fin rays attached for about 33% CL (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a).</p><p>Vertebrae&gt;48, precaudal 10, caudal&gt;38 (Tables 1, 2). Pleural ribs 3, anteriormost small, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 8–10.</p><p>Skin thin, prickles absent. Pyloric caeca about 10 (Burke 1930).</p><p>Coloration. In life, body “tinged with light red” (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a). In preservation, uniformly pale. Peritoneum dark; stomach, pyloric caeca, and intestines pale; roof of mouth dusky, gill cavity otherwise pale.</p><p>Life history. The holotype was 37 mm SL at the time of its original description (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a).</p><p>Distribution.  Allinectes attenuatus is known only from the holotype, collected in the Aleutian Islands off Agattu Island (Fig. 1) at a depth of 881 m.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the long, attenuated body of the species.</p><p>Remarks.  Allinectes attenuatus is known as a whole specimen only from the holotype (Chernova et al. 2004), which was originally in poor condition (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a; Burke 1930) and has obviously deteriorated over time. Among other damage (e.g., stripped skin, broken fin rays) typical of snailfishes collected in the late 1880s and early 1900s, the dorsal fin is damaged, both pectoral fins are now broken, and the posteriormost vertebrae, including the caudal fin, are missing. Among unconfirmed published reports (Chernova et al. 2004) of  A. attenuatus is one of an otolith (Stein &amp; Fitch 1984). Despite searching institutions listed in the publication as well as other likely collections (i.e., CAS, USNM, LACM, SIO; D. Stein, pers. comm., 3 January 2024), I was unable to locate and examine the otolith or the specimen from which it was removed.</p><p>Burke (1930) described the dorsal fin as being slightly notched, with the anterior ray moderately elongate and longer than succeeding rays, a condition that was not noted nor illustrated in the original description by Gilbert &amp; Burke (1912a: fig. 24). Now broken, the two anterior dorsal-fin rays must have been much shorter than the easily detected prominent rays in  A. istiophorus,  new species,  A. busbyi,  new species, and  A. nanstanorum,  new species, whose anteriormost rays are 31.5–103% HL.</p><p>Although morphometric comparisons are sometimes challenging among snailfishes because of their condition and more or less flaccid bodies, the characters that differentiate  A. attenuatus from  A. ectenes and the new species (e.g., body depth at anal-fin origin) are easily measured between clearly demarked bony points in the otherwise damaged types. Burke (1930) and later authors compared  A. attenuatus with  Careproctus homopterus, which differs in having short anterior dorsal-fin rays, a black stomach, and more dorsal- and anal-fin rays (dorsal-fin rays 55, anal-fin rays 49 vs. 48 and 40, respectively, in  A. attenuatus), as well as a smaller orbit and larger pelvic disk noted by Burke (1930).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF8EFFBAFF42FF3AFEDB385D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF8CFFBDFF42FF3AFBAC39DE.text	4515878AFF8CFFBDFF42FF3AFBAC39DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes busbyi Orr 2025	<div><p>Allinectes busbyi,  new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5181EED7-E75E-4BE5-8B07-813960359260</p><p>Ardent Snailfish</p><p>Figures 1, 2A, 3; Tables 2 and 3</p><p>Holotype. SIO 94-198, 120.0 mm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.745/lat 52.3217)">Aleutian Islands</a>, Seguam Pass, 52.3217°N, 172.7450°W, 458 m depth, 16 June 1994, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.745/lat 52.3217)">F/V Pacific Knight</a>, cruise 1994-01, haul 54, W.C. Flerx.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of  Allinectes by a combination of its prominent protruding snout, moderately elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays, small orbit, and lower counts of vertebrae and median-fin rays. It is most similar to  A. istiophorus,  new species, from which it differs in its strongly protruding snout, shorter anterior dorsal-fin rays (vs. strongly elongate in  A. istiophorus,  new species) and smaller orbit (26.1% vs. 27.5–34.2% HL). Differing from  A. curilanus in stomach dark (vs. dusky to lightly speckled in  A. curilanus), peritoneum black (vs. pale), and fewer vertebrae (48 vs. 53–59) and median-fin rays (dorsal 45 vs. 48–54; anal 38 vs. 42–49). Differing from  A. nanstanorum,  new species, in its strongly protruding snout (vs. rounded in  A. nanstanorum,  new species), caudal fin truncate (vs. dorsalmost caudal-fin ray longer and thicker), stomach dark (vs. pale), lighter body color, longer anterior dorsal-fin rays (vs. moderately elongate) and smaller orbit (26.1% vs. 27.1–31.8% HL). Similar also to  A. attenuatus, known from only the holotype, but further differing in having fewer median-fin rays (dorsal 45 vs. 48 and anal 38 vs. 40, respectively, in  A. attenuatus), a deeper body at anal-fin origin (70.9% vs. 39% HL), longer pre-anal-fin length (38.5% SL vs. 32.5% SL), and anus closer to the disk (8.1% vs. 24.7% HL) and farther from anal-fin origin (65.9% vs. 29.4% HL). Further differing from  A. ectenes in having peritoneum black (vs. pale in  A. ectenes), fewer vertebrae (48 vs. 54) and median-fin rays (45 vs. 48–51 dorsal-fin rays, and 38 vs. 44 anal-fin rays), deeper body at anal-fin origin (70.9% vs. 46.7–61.5% HL), and larger pelvic disk (40.2% vs. 27.6–28.3% HL). Further distinguished from  A. pycnosoma by its strongly notched pectoral fin with long lower lobe (vs. shallow notch, with short lower lobe in  A. pycnosoma), shorter head (21.8% vs. 26.9% SL), and anus closer to the pelvic disk (8.1% vs. 25.7% HL).</p><p>Description. Body elongate, slightly tapered, robust and rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 76.3% HL; depth at anal-fin origin 70.9% HL. Head large, 21.8% SL, width 51.7% HL, broadly depressed, nape elevated. Snout broadly pointed, slightly longer than orbit, 114% OL, 29.9% HL. Snout tip projecting strongly anterior to lower jaw, 48.5% OL, projecting well forward of premaxilla. Mouth inferior; upper jaw 38.3% HL, maxilla extending to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit; mandible 42.2% HL. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 9 oblique rows of 8 teeth forming narrow bands. Orbit small, 26.1% HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to upper jaw 11.5% HL, to lower jaw 23.4% HL; pupil round. Interorbital space convex, broad, fleshy distance 31.0% HL, bony distance 18.0% HL. Nostril single, on short tube at level with midorbit; nostril-tube length 14.7% OL.</p><p>Free neuromasts not evident. Gill opening small, 23.8% HL, upper margin at dorsal rim of orbit, extending ventrally to pectoral-fin ray 1. Gill rakers 7 (Tables 2, 3), short, robust, blunt, broad based.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 45 (Tables 2, 3), anteriormost rays elongate, ray 1 60.5% HL, longer than succeeding rays, followed by shorter rays 2–5, forming deep notch, followed by longer ray 6 and succeeding rays, anterior 3 rays deeply emarginate, 50–70% free from membrane. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 3 and 4. Pre-dorsal-fin length 22.9% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 38 (Tables 2, 3), two anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing single ray, tips of all rays not exserted. Anal-fin origin below vertebra 11 (caudal vertebra 1), pre-anal-fin length 38.5% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin deeply notched, with 35 rays (Tables 2, 3). Upper lobe 83.5% HL, with 26 rays, extending well beyond anus to anal-fin origin, shorter than lower lobe, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 8–10, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Lower lobe elongate, about equal to HL, 104.6% HL, with 9 rays, extending well beyond anus about 75% to anal-fin origin; dorsal rays lengthening to elongate rays, ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of rays 5–20% free of membrane, elongate rays of lower lobe up to 75% free of membrane. Notch strong, rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes, more widely spaced ventrally. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with midorbit. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below midorbit.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderate, length 40.2% HL, longer than wide, width 35.6% HL, anterior lobe developed, flat, distance from tip of snout to pelvic disk 12.2% SL. Anus below anterior part of dorsal fin, close behind pelvic disk, distance from disk 8.1% HL, distance from anal-fin origin 65.9% HL; distance from snout to anus 23.0% SL, 105.4% HL.</p><p>Caudal fin truncate. Principal caudal-fin rays 11, dorsal procurrent rays 2, ventral procurrent rays 1 (2 + 5/6 + 1). Caudal fin 60.9% HL. Dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 30.8% CL; anal-fin rays, 37.7% CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 23.9% CL.</p><p>Vertebrae 48, precaudal 10, caudal 38 (Tables 2, 3). Pleural ribs 3, anteriormost small, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 8–10. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates with no evident split.</p><p>Skin relatively thick. Pyloric caeca on left side of visceral cavity.</p><p>Coloration. Live color unknown. In preservation, body and fins pale; peritoneum black; orobranchial cavity dusky dark; stomach dark, intestines pale, pyloric caeca pale, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Distribution. The only known specimen of  Allinectes busbyi was collected in the Aleutian Islands northwest of Seguam Island (Fig. 1) at a depth of 458 m.</p><p>Life history. The specimen is a ripe female 120 mm with yolked eggs. Yolked eggs were 3.0 mm in diameter.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym recognizing the contributions to the systematics of the  Liparidae by Morgan S. Busby of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries. The common name refers to his enthusiasm for fishes in general and snailfishes in particular.</p><p>Remarks. The holotype and only known specimen of  A. busbyi was collected in 1994 in the same haul as specimens of  A. istiophorus,  new species, and at the same station as the holotype of  A. istiophorus,  new species . Although somewhat damaged, it is immediately distinguished by its prominent protruding snout and large robust body, unlike all other individuals of  A. istiophorus,  new species . Like other members of  Allinectes, its anterior dorsal-fin rays are elongate, but they are less so than in  A. istiophorus,  new species, with which it is most similar.</p><p>Among species of  Careproctus, it is similar in general body morphology and preserved external color to  C. pulcher Chernova, Thiel &amp; Eidus, 2020, but differs in having a black peritoneum (vs. pale in  C. pulcher), elongate anteriormost dorsal-fin rays (vs. anteriormost rays shorter than succeeding rays), and higher counts of vertebrae and anal-fin rays (vertebrae 48 vs. 46; anal-fin rays 38 vs. 35–36). The protruding snout and elongate body of  A. busbyi is similar to  Careproctus simus, which differs from it in having dark posterior fins and body (vs. an entirely pale body in  A. busbyi), pale peritoneum and stomach (vs. dark peritoneum and stomach), and more vertebrae (59–63 vs. 48) and median-fin rays (dorsal-fin rays 54–58 vs. 45, anal-fin rays 47–51 vs. 38).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF8CFFBDFF42FF3AFBAC39DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF8AFFA3FF42F8BAFCEB3C29.text	4515878AFF8AFFA3FF42F8BAFCEB3C29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes curilanus (Gilbert & Burke 1912) Orr 2025	<div><p>Allinectes curilanus (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912),  new combination</p><p>Kuril Snailfish</p><p>Figures 1, 4A, 5A, 6A; Tables 1 and 2</p><p>Careproctus curilanus Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912b: 373, fig. 15, pl. 47-1 (original description, compared with C. ectenes, in key). Type locality: Japan, off Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Japan, 229 fms depth, Albatross station 4803.— Burke 1930: 109, fig. 25 (description, key).— Böhlke 1953: 135 (type catalog).— Kido 1985: 12 (compared with C. simus Gilbert, 1896 and C. pycnosoma [= Allocareproctus tanix]).— Kido 1988: 198 (compared with A. jordani).— Sheiko &amp; Fedorov 2000: 31 (questionably a synonym of C. pycnosoma).— Orr &amp; Busby 2001: 57 (compared with Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis).— Mecklenburg et al. 2002: 608 (questionably a synonym of C. pycnosoma).— Parin et al. 2002: S111 (synonym of C. pycnosoma).— Chernova et al. 2004: 7 (checklist, possible senior synonym of A. jordani).— Orr &amp; Busby 2006: 13 (compared with Allocareproctus).— Parin et al. 2014: 317 (checklist, Russia, possible synonym of A. jordani, C. pycnosoma).— Murasaki et al. 2018: 240, table 2 (list of characters, compared with C. surugaensis).— Volvenko et al. 2018: suppl. p. 6 (list of trawl-caught species).</p><p>Holotype. USNM 73341, 64.0 mm, female, Russia, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.75/lat 46.7)">Simushir Island</a>, Kuril Islands, 46.7°N, 151.75°E (46°42′ N, 151°45′ E), 419 m (229 fms) depth, 24 June 1906, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.75/lat 46.7)">Albatross
station 4803</a>.</p><p>Paratype. CAS-SU 22382, 62.6 mm, ripe female, same locality as holotype .</p><p>Material examined. 31 specimens, 46.6–68.7 mm: UW 200697, 55 mm, 52.0817°N, 178.1333°E, 446 m depth, 5 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 151, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   UW 200998, 68.7 mm, 51.6059°N, 176.2941°W, 352 m depth, 3 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-176.2941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.6059" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -176.2941/lat 51.6059)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 86, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 201434, 61.7 mm, 52.5016°N, 179.9697°E, 275 m depth, 14 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002- 01, haul 184, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   UW 201429, 61.5 mm, 52.8350°N, 172.2932°E, 357 m depth, 1 August 2004, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2004-01, haul 230, R. N. Clark ;   UW 201430, 57.2 mm, 52.8301°N, 172.2054°E, 377 m depth, 1 August 2004, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 200401, haul 229, R. N. Clark ;   UW 200694, 62.6 mm, 51.5952°N, 176.3367°W, 363 m depth, 30 June 2004, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2004-01, haul 94, M. Martin ;   UW 201433, 63.5 mm, 51.8723°N, 178.5537°E, 405 m depth, 6 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 153, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   UW 201507, 3, 60.0–80.0 mm, 52.5171°N, 179.9407°W, 396 m depth, 13 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 179, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   UW 200699, 65 mm, 52.1634°N, 179.4879°E, 249 m depth, 13 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 176, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   UW 117504, 65.2 mm, 51.5636°N, 178.3331°E, 471 m depth, 30 June 2000, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 159, benthic bag, K. Pearson ;   UW 153150, 64 mm, 52.6453°N, 172.2730°W, 398 m depth, 26 June 2010, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.273&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.6453" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.273/lat 52.6453)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2010-01, haul 68, J. W. Orr ;   UW 154877, 79.3 mm, 51.61001°N, 178.8626°W, 320 m depth, 6 July 2014, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2014- 01, haul 111, G. R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-178.8626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.61001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -178.8626/lat 51.61001)">Hoff</a>;   SIO 24 -37 (ex UW 200691), 2, 64.9–71.6 mm, 53.1899°N, 169.8622°W, 404 m depth, 19 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 195, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   SIO 24 -38 (ex UW 200692), 62.6 mm, 51.9421°N, 178.0728°E, 433 m depth, 28 June 2000, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 150, benthic bag, K. Pearson ;   UW 200698, 75.6 mm, 52.8459°N, 172.3591°E, 240 m depth, 19 June 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=172.3591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.8459" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 172.3591/lat 52.8459)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 39, benthic bag, K. Pearson ;   SIO 24 -39 (ex UW 200990), 59.5 mm, 52.2844°N, 173.2471°W, 357 m depth, 30 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-173.2471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.2844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -173.2471/lat 52.2844)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 176, benthic bag, R. C. Harrison ;   SIO 24 -40 (ex UW 200991), 65.4 mm, 51.6194°N, 176.2474°W, 328 m depth, 17 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 191 ;   UW 200992, 2, 46.6–54.3 mm, 51.5595°N, 177.6164°W, 375 m depth, 4 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-177.6164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5595" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -177.6164/lat 51.5595)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 92, J. W. Orr ;   UW 200994, 2, 62.2–62.7 mm, 51.8716°N, 178.5523°E, 407 m depth, 6 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 154, R. N. Clark ;   UW 201179, 2, 57.9–61.3 mm, 51.5508°N, 177.6611°W, 328 m depth, 3 July 2018, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-177.6611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.5508" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -177.6611/lat 51.5508)">Ocean Explorer</a>, cruise 2018-01, haul 99, N. E. Roberson ;   UW 48107, 52.1 mm, 53.1043°N, 169.8535°W, 290 m depth, 26 May 2000, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 34, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 48108, 64 mm, 51.4593°N, 178.4612°W, 285 m depth, 20 June 2000, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 120, benthic bag ;   UW 48109, 2, 64.4–74.8 mm, 51.8504°N, 178.4324°E, 395 m depth, 30 June 2000, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 156, benthic bag, K. Pearson ;   UW 201436, 65.0 mm, 52.0859°N, 175.12°E, 385 m depth, 25 July 2004, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2004-01, haul 191, R. N. Clark  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of  Allinectes except  A. ectenes by a combination of moderately elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays, depressed head, and strongly protruding snout over an inferior mouth. Distinguished from the similar  A. ectenes, known from a handful of specimens in poor condition, by its thicker and longer pyloric caeca (absent or filamentous when present in  A. ectenes), typically more pronounced, pointed snout (vs. broadly rounded), dusky peritoneum (vs. pale, unpigmented in  A. ectenes), and several morphometric characters including a narrower head (44.9–57.9% vs. 58.2–61.4% HL), wider bony interorbit (16.9–21.7% vs. 15.7–16.4% HL), and shorter snout to pelvic disk distance (49.3–65.1% vs. 66.1–68.7% HL). Further distinguished from  A. istiophorus,  new species, and  A. pycnosoma by higher counts of vertebrae and median-fin rays: vertebrae 53–59 in  A. curilanus (vs. 48–51 in  A. istiophorus,  new species, and  A. pycnosoma combined), dorsal-fin rays 48–54 (vs. 43–47), anal-fin rays 42–49 (vs. 38–41). Differing from  A. nanstanorum,  new species, in lighter body color (vs. dark head and dark mottling on body in  A. nanstanorum,  new species), caudal fin truncate (vs. dorsalmost caudal-fin ray longer and thicker), as well as more vertebrae (53–59 vs. 47–49) and median-fin rays (dorsal, 48–54 vs. 42–45; anal, 42–49 vs. 37–38, respectively). Easily distinguished from  A. attenuatus by its acute, strongly protruding snout (vs. rounded, non-protruding snout in  A. attenuatus), higher counts of dorsal- and anal-fin rays (dorsal, 48–54 and anal, 42–49 vs. 48 and 40), more slender body anteriorly (depth at pelvic disk 38.7–66.7 vs. 67.1% HL), deeper body posteriorly (depth at anal-fin origin 39.7–53.0 vs. 38.8% HL), and a longer distance from anus to anal-fin origin (31.1–74.4 vs. 29.4% HL). Further distinguished from  A. pycnosoma by its strongly notched pectoral fin with long lower lobe (vs. shallow notch, with short lower lobe in  A. pycnosoma), and shorter head (18.6–22.7% vs. 26.9% SL).</p><p>Description. Body elongate, slender, slightly tapered, rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 38.7–66.7 (65.4)% HL; depth at anal-fin origin 39.7–53.0 (47.4)% HL. Head small, 18.6–22.7 (20.8)% SL, width 44.9–57.9 (57.9)% HL, slightly depressed, nape slightly elevated. Snout strongly projecting anterior to lower jaw. Snout including fleshy snout tip much longer than orbit, bony length typically shorter than orbit, 62.5–102.9 (62.5)% OL, 22.4–34.0 (22.6)% HL; snout tip long, 18.8–45.2 (18.8)% OL, 5.8–16.5 (6.8)% HL. Mouth inferior; upper jaw 30.1–48.2 (33.8)% HL, maxilla extending to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit; mandible 41.3–51.8 (45.9)% HL. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth strongly trilobed in 10 oblique rows of 7–10 teeth forming bands. Orbit 28.0–38.3 (36.1)% HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to upper jaw 7.6–13.0 (12.0)% HL, to lower jaw 19.3–25.3 (22.6)% HL; pupil round. Interorbital space broad, fleshy distance 19.0–37.9 (24.8)% HL, bony distance 16.9–21.7% HL, flat. Nostril single, with well-developed tube at level with upper part of orbit; nostril tube length 2.5–13.7% OL.</p><p>Free neuromasts 4–5.</p><p>Gill opening small, 14.8–30.7 (20.3)% HL, upper margin at or just below level of dorsal rim of orbit, extending ventrally to above pectoral fin or to pectoral-fin ray 3. Gill rakers 4–9 (Tables 1, 2), short, blunt.</p><p>Symplectic with small dorsal flange extending onto metapterygoid (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 48–54 (49; Tables 1, 2), anterior rays moderately elongate, ray 1 28.6–62.0% HL, longer than succeeding rays, followed by rays 2–4 which are shorter, forming a shallow notch, followed by a longer ray 5 and succeeding rays, rays 1 and 2 deeply emarginate, 50–70% free from membrane, rays 3 and 4 10–20% free from membrane. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 2 and 3. Pre-dorsal-fin length 18.7–25.3 (25.3)% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 42–49 (44; Tables 1, 2), one or two (one) anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing a single ray, tips of all rays not exserted. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 11–12 (caudal vertebrae 1–2) (vertebra 12), pre-anal-fin length 27.2–37.5 (35.2)% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin deeply notched, with 28–37 (34) rays (Tables 1, 2). Upper lobe 60.5–82.9 (70.7)% HL, with 21–30 (25) rays extending well beyond anus to or slightly beyond anal-fin origin (to origin), longer than lower lobe in small (ca. &lt;64 mm SL) individuals, about equal in larger (ca.&gt; 64–68 mm SL) individuals, and shorter in the largest (&gt; 68 mm SL) specimens, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 8–10, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Lower lobe elongate, 47.3–94.9 (79.0)% HL, with 6–9 (9) rays, extending to or just beyond anus. Elongate rays of lower lobe mostly free of membrane, longest ray 60% free. Notch strong. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with ventral rim of orbit. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below posterior part of orbit.</p><p>Proximal pectoral radials four (3+1), robust; radials 1 and 2 hourglass shaped, radial three ovoid, with slight notch, radial four ovoid, unnotched, widely spaced from radial three (Fig. 6A). Three large ovoid fenestrae present: scapular fenestra and fenestra between radials one and two ovoid, fenestra between one and two moderately elongate dorsoventrally, fenestra between two and three smaller, not joined to radial three. Anterodorsal margin of basal cartilage rounded, distinct hook absent. Scapula broad, with short robust helve; coracoid narrowly triangular with broad lamina. Distal radials present at base of pectoral-fin rays two to 27, more ventral distal radials reduced, absent from base of ventralmost five rays, which articulate directly with non-staining fibrocartilage.</p><p>Pelvic disk small, length 19.0–36.2 (35.3)% HL, slightly longer than wide, width 14.6–34.6 (34.6)% HL, anterior lobe well developed, flat, distance from tip of snout to pelvic disk 9.7–12.8 (12.5)% SL. Anus below dorsal-fin origin, closer to pelvic disk than anal-fin origin, distance from pelvic disk 6.8–28.0 (9.0)% HL, distance from anal-fin origin 31.1–74.5 (74.4)% HL; distance from snout to anus 18.4–23.5 (20.8)% SL, 96.6–115.3 (100.0)% HL.</p><p>Caudal fin slender, truncate. Principal caudal-fin rays 10–11 (Table 1), dorsal procurrent rays 1–2 (2), ventral procurrent rays 0–1 (1) (1–2 + 5/5-6 + 0–1) (2 + 5/5 + 1). Caudal fin 33.8–50.9 (43.7)% HL. Membrane of posterior dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin at slightly shorter distance than anal-fin rays: dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 13.6–36.7 (25.8)% CL; anal-fin rays, 15.9–40.8 (27.6)% CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 15.9–24.1 (24.1)% CL.</p><p>Vertebrae 53–59 (54), precaudal 9–10 (10), caudal 43–49 (44; Tables 1, 2). Pleural ribs 2 or 3 (3), anteriormost small when 3, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 9–10 or 8–10 (8–10). Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by a small distal notch.</p><p>Skin thin, prickles absent. Pyloric caeca 6–7 (6), short, stubby, length about 15% HL, left side of visceral cavity.</p><p>Coloration. Body and fins dusky light red in life, with faint areas of dusky mottling (Fig. 4A); belly with bright white extending from pectoral-fin base to anal-fin origin, from just lateral to midline on the ventrum, dorsally to level of ventral margin of gill slit; dark peritoneum showing in broad region dorsally between the white belly and dusky red of body. Caudal-fin margins dark red, rays in center light red or unpigmented. Iris silver. Body and fins pale in preservation. Peritoneum dusky to lightly speckled with fine dots; orobranchial cavity, stomach, intestines, pyloric caeca, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Life history. The largest specimen examined, a ripe female with yolked eggs, was 80 mm (UW 201507). The smallest ripe female with yolked eggs was 61.3 mm (UW 201179; Fig. 4A). Ripe yolked eggs were about 4.0 mm in diameter. The smallest ripe male was 64.4 mm (UW 48109); the largest, 65.2 mm (UW 117504).</p><p>Distribution. The lectotype and paralectotype of  Allinectes curilanus were collected in the Kuril Islands (Fig. 1). All other known material was collected throughout the Aleutian Islands from just west of Attu Island to the east among the Islands of Four Mountains (Fig. 1). Collection depths range from 240 to 471 m.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet  curilanus refers to the Kuril Islands, the type locality.</p><p>Comparisons.  Allinectes curilanus was described from the type and cotype taken in the same haul off Simushir Island in the Kuril Islands (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b). Both are still in good condition, except for broken anteriormost rays, unlike the types of two of the other three previously described species of  Allinectes,  A. ectenes and  A. attenuatus .</p><p>In both the original description and the revision of Burke (1930),  A. curilanus was compared with  A. ectenes alone. Following Gilbert &amp; Burke (1912b), Burke (1930) listed the following characters as differentiating  A. curilanus from  A. ectenes: a shorter body, larger disk, and larger gill slit, as well as the absence of a “dorsal notch,” pyloric caeca present, higher number of pectoral rays, vent closer to the disk, and general body coloration. Among these characters, additional material of  A. curilanus examined here verifies differences from  A. ectenes in the relative length of the anterior part of the body (e.g., a shorter snout to pelvic disk distance, shorter pre-dorsal-fin, and typically shorter snout to anal length) and in pyloric caeca, but reveals broad overlap in numbers of pectoral-fin rays, pelvic-disk size, gill-slit size, and the position of the anus relative to the pelvic disk. The reddish body color of  A. curilanus in my material versus Gilbert’s (1896) description of color in life of  A. ectenes as uniform dusky brown also serves to distinguish the two species. In addition, the prominent pointed snout of  A. curilanus is distinctive, unlike that of  A. ectenes, in which the snout was described as “shovel-shaped with truncate snout” (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b) and “bluntly rounded” in Burke (1930). The broad protruding snout is still evident in one of the types. The anterior dorsal-fin rays are broken in the lectoype, but in the paralectotype, a shallow notch is evident, despite a broken anteriormost ray.</p><p>Burke (1930) indicated that the distance from disk to anus distinguished  A. curilanus from  A. ectenes . However, although all the types in adequate condition are females and differ in this distance (9.0–9.6% HL in  A. curilanus, vs. 15.8–22.4% HL in  A. ectenes), in my additional material of  A. curilanus, this distance varies widely, exhibits no sexual dimorphism, and overlaps broadly (6.7–28.0% HL for all material of  A. curilanus) with the distance in  A. ectenes .</p><p>Among species of  Careproctus of the North Pacific, small specimens of  C. simus are also similar to  A. curilanus in having an elongate body and strongly protruding snout, but differ in having a black caudal fin and dark margins on the dorsal and anal fins, as well as higher counts of vertebrae (61 vs. 53–59 in  A. curilanus) and median-fin rays (dorsal- 54–58 and anal-fin rays 47–51 vs. 48–54 and 42–49, respectively). Several other species of  Careproctus also have strongly protruding snouts, including  C. laperousei Chernova, Thiel &amp; Eidus, 2020 described from deep waters off the Kuril Islands (Chernova et al. 2020), as well as  C. leptorhinus Andriashev &amp; Stein, 1998,  C. tricapitidens Andriashev &amp; Stein, 1998, and  C. falklandicus Lönnberg, 1905 of the Southern Ocean, but all differ markedly in body shape, among other characters (Andriashev &amp; Stein 1998).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF8AFFA3FF42F8BAFCEB3C29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF94FFA7FF42FC27FDE73863.text	4515878AFF94FFA7FF42FC27FDE73863.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes istiophorus Orr 2025	<div><p>Allinectes istiophorus,  new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9623EDD5-7495-40A6-93F1-896A0C103CB5</p><p>Sailfin Snailfish</p><p>Figures 1, 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B; Tables 2 and 3</p><p>Careproctus ectenes, non Gilbert: Maslenikov et al. 2013: 14, fig. 2D (Alaska, new records).— Orr et al. 2014a: 166, table 2 (list of identifications).— Orr et al. 2014b: 20, table 1 (list of identifications).— Love et al. 2021: 136 (in part; checklist).</p><p>Holotype. UW 117193, 94.3 mm, ripe female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.7493&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3353" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.7493/lat 52.3353)">Aleutian Islands</a>, Seguam Pass, 52.3353°N, 172.7493°W, 459 m depth, 21 June 2006, F/V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 53, benthic bag, J. W. Orr.</p><p>Paratypes. 87 specimens: 62.7–120.5 mm.  Aleutian Islands: UW 202383 (out of 117193), 108 mm, same locality as holotype ;   UW 200693, 107 mm, ripe male, 52.3310°N, 172.7470°W, 447 m depth, 23 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.331" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.747/lat 52.331)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 156, J.W. Orr ;   UW 200696, 92 mm, 53.1899°N, 169.8622°W, 404 m depth, 19 July 2002, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2002-01, haul 195, benthic bag, R. N. Clark ;   UW 155355, 108 mm, CT scan, 52.4061°N, 170.5475°W, 408 m depth, 16 June 2006, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-170.5475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.4061" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -170.5475/lat 52.4061)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2006-01, haul 39, B. Knoth ;   UW 201411, 8, 100–118 mm, 52.3255°N, 172.7466°W, 457 m depth, 19 June 2004, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.7466&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.7466/lat 52.3255)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2004-01, haul 60, J. W. Orr ;   UW 200695, 110 mm, 52.4255°N, 170.5257°W, 400 m depth, 3 August 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-170.5257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.4255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -170.5257/lat 52.4255)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 195, R. C. Harrison ;   UW 204155 (ex UW 201425), 105 mm, 52.3732°N, 171.3548°W, 330 m depth, 10 August 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-171.3548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3732" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -171.3548/lat 52.3732)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 225 ;   UW 200681, 6, 84–120 mm, 52.3334°N, 172.7459°W, 439 m depth, 22 June 2018, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.7459&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.7459/lat 52.3334)">Ocean Explorer</a>, cruise 2018-01, haul 52 ;   UW 200687, 2, 100–110 mm, 52.2436°N, 171.7035°W, 418 m depth, 17 June 2016, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-171.7035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.2436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -171.7035/lat 52.2436)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2016-01, haul 44, C. L. Conrath ;   UW 117487, 2, 94.5–103.1 mm, 52.4261°N, 170.5243°W, 403 m depth, 30 May 2000, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 46, benthic bag, W. C. Flerx ;   UW 117494, 118.3 mm, 52.3282°N, 172.7468°W, 450 m depth, 4 June 2000, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 67, W. C. Flerx ;   UW 117495, 3, 102.0– 120.5 mm, 52.3282°N, 172.7468°W, 450 m depth, 4 June 2000, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2000-01, haul 67, W. C. Flerx ;   UW 117497, 81.4 mm, 51.9066°N, 176.6378°E, 376 m depth, 1 August 1997, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 1997-01, haul 201, benthic bag, R. C. Harrison ;   UW 117522, 97.5 mm, 52.6520°N, 172.2511°W, 386 m depth, 5 June 2000, F/ V  Dominator, cruise 2000-01, haul 79, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 153151, 119 mm, 52.6453°N, 172.2730°W, 398 m depth, 26 June 2010, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.273&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.6453" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.273/lat 52.6453)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2010-01, haul 68, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 154887, 2, 92.1–96.3 mm, 52.9352°N, 169.3369°W, 399 m depth, 15 June 2014, F/ V Sea Storm, cruise 2014-01, haul 19, benthic bag, V. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.3369&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.9352" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.3369/lat 52.9352)">Simon</a>;   UW 200680, 5, 96–117 mm, 52.3334°N, 172.7459°W, 439 m depth, 22 June 2018, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.7459&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.7459/lat 52.3334)">Ocean Explorer</a>, cruise 2018-01, haul 52 ;   UW 200690, 3, 78–97 mm, 53.0972°N, 171.7007°E, 464 m depth, 1 August 2004, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2004-01, haul 227, R. N. Clark ;   UW 200693, 4, 81.8–110.0 mm, 52.331°N, 172.7470°W, 447 m depth, 23 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.331" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.747/lat 52.331)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 156, J. W. Orr ;   UW 200988, 98 mm, 52.2440°N, 171.6998°W, 394 m depth, 6 August 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-171.6998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.244" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -171.6998/lat 52.244)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 211, R. C. Harrison ;   UW 201094, 110 mm, 56.1903°N, 169.4878°W, 482 m depth, 16 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.4878&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.1903" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.4878/lat 56.1903)">Morning Star</a>, cruise 2002-02, haul 120, D. E. Stevenson ;   UW 201178, 62.7 mm, 51.9438°N, 178.0691°E, 435 m depth, 6 July 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.0691&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.9438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.0691/lat 51.9438)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 99, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 117499, 90 mm, 53.0953°N, 171.6970°E, 465 m, 4 August 1997, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 1997-01, haul 220, J. W. Orr ;   UW 116041, 2, 96.8–101.3 mm, 52.2172°N, 171.6353°W, 453 m depth, 16 June 2004, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-171.6353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.2172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -171.6353/lat 52.2172)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2004-01, haul 44, J. W. Orr ;  UW 116042, 12, 68–113 mm, 52.3405°N, 172.7455°W, 448 m depth, F/ V Morning Star, cruise 2002-01, haul 32, J. W. Orr;   UW 116234, 3, 99.6–112.0 mm, 52.4873°N, 172.5612°W, 411 m depth, 22 June 2006, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 56, J. W. Orr ;   UW 117236, 98.0 mm, 52.2456°N, 171.6994°W, 409 m depth, 17 June 2006, F/ V  Gladiator, cruise 2006-01, haul 40, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 150772, 105 mm, 52.3278°N, 172.7467°W, 450 m depth, 26 June 2010, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.7467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.7467/lat 52.3278)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2010-01, haul 64, benthic bag, J. W. Orr ;   UW 150774, 120 mm, 52.3278°N, 172.7467°W, 450 m depth, 26 June 2010, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.7467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.7467/lat 52.3278)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2010-01, haul 64, J. W. Orr ;   UW 200700, 75.6 mm, 52.4094°N, 170.6192°W, 319 m depth, 3 August 2002, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-170.6192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.4094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -170.6192/lat 52.4094)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 198, R. C. Harrison ;   Bering Sea: UW 200684, 100 mm, 56.1003°N, 168.5398°W, 451 m depth, 2 July 2010, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2010-01, haul 126, S. Kotwicki ;   UW 157982, 107 mm, 56.1652°N, 169.3980°W, 629 m depth, 6 July 2012, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2012-01, haul 110, S. Kotwicki ;   UW 159980, 98 mm, 56.1417°N, 169.4517°W, 630 m depth, 1 March 2009, R / V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.4517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.1417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.4517/lat 56.1417)">Oscar Dyson</a>, cruise 1DY09/12/2/NOR, haul 1 ;   UW 118635, 110 mm, 57.8157°N, 173.8599°W, 524 m, 26 June 2008, J. W. Orr, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2008-01, haul 67 ;   UW 116032, 104 mm, 56.1913°N, 169.4864°W, 485 m depth, 20 July 2004, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.4864&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.1913" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.4864/lat 56.1913)">Northwest Explorer</a>, cruise 2004-01, haul 158, J. W. Orr ;   UW 200689, 91.1 mm, 56.1904°N, 169.4873°W, 487 m depth, 20 July 2016, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.4873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.1904" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.4873/lat 56.1904)">Cape Flattery</a>, cruise 2016-01, haul 122, N. E. Roberson ;   UW 200682, 89.1 mm, 56.1233°N, 168.7844°W, 563 m depth, 1 July 2010, F/ V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2010-01, haul 121, S. Kotwicki ;   UW 200688, 99.7 mm, 56.1384°N, 169.4461°W, 638 m depth, 19 July 2016, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.4461&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.1384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.4461/lat 56.1384)">Cape Flattery</a>, cruise 2016-01, haul 120, N. E. Roberson ;   UW 201522, 90 mm, 56.0686°N, 168.7603°W, 762 m depth, 17 July 2016, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-168.7603&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.0686" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -168.7603/lat 56.0686)">Cape Flattery</a>, cruise 2016-01, haul 112, N. E. Roberson ;   UW 119724, 90 mm, 56.2033°N, 169.247°W, 498 m depth, 5 October 2007, R / V  Miller Freeman, cruise 2007-12, haul 3, D. E. Stevenson ;   SIO 94 -198, 3, 104.0– 116.5 mm, 52.3217°N, 172.7450°W, 458 m depth, 16 June 1994, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3217" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.745/lat 52.3217)">Pacific Knight</a>, cruise 1994-01, haul 54, W.C. Flerx ;   SIO 94 -199, 112.8 mm, 52.4945°N, 172.5597°W, 470 m depth, 16 June 1994, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-172.5597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.4945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -172.5597/lat 52.4945)">Pacific Knight</a>, cruise 1994-01, haul 55, W. C. Flerx ;   UAM:Fish 4094 (ex UW 204156), 2, 96.4–101.6 mm, 52.9218°N, 169.3647°W, 406 m depth, 16 June 2018, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-169.3647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.9218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -169.3647/lat 52.9218)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2018-01, haul 22, P. Von Szalay ;   UAM:Fish 4095 (ex UW 200986), 80 mm, 52.3778°N, 170.5854°W, 368 m depth, 3 August 2002 -01, F/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-170.5854&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.3778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -170.5854/lat 52.3778)">Sea Storm</a>, cruise 2002-01, haul 197, R. C. Harrison  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of  Allinectes by the combination of its extremely elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays, dark stomach, and black peritoneum. Most similar to  A. busbyi,  new species, from which it differs in its rounded snout (vs. strongly protruding snout in  A. busbyi,  new species), longer anterior dorsal-fin rays (65.0–102.7% vs. 60.5% HL), larger orbit (length 27.5–34.2% vs. 26.1% HL), shorter postorbital length (32.2–42.4% vs. 44.1% HL), and more slender caudal-fin base (8.0–14.3% vs. 14.7% HL). Differing from  A. nanstanorum,  new species, in its longer anterior dorsal-fin ray (65–102.7% vs. 28.7–33.0% HL in  A. nanstanorum,  new species), caudal fin truncate or slightly emarginate (vs. dorsalmost caudal-fin ray longer and thicker), higher count of pectoral-fin rays (32–37 vs. 30–31), body overall light-red (vs. dark red and black), stomach dark (vs. pale), and abdomen white (vs. dark). Differing from  A. ectenes in peritoneum black (vs. pale in  A. ectenes), fewer vertebrae and median-fin rays (48–51 vs. 54 vertebrae, 43–47 vs. 48–51 dorsal-fin rays, and 38–41 vs. 44 anal-fin rays), narrower head (44.2–58.6% vs. 61.5% HL), and typically larger pelvic disk (29.7–41.4% vs. 30.8% HL). Differing from  A. curilanus in having snout tip slightly protruding beyond lower jaw (vs. strongly protruding snout tip), caudal fin longer (49.2–66.3 vs. 33.8–50.9% HL), and fewer vertebrae (48–51 vs. 53–59 in  A. curilanus) and median-fin rays (dorsal 43–47 vs. 48–54; anal 38–41 vs. 42–49). Similar to  A. attenuatus, known only from holotype, differing in having fewer dorsal-fin rays (43–47 vs. 48 in  A. attenuatus), deeper body at anal-fin origin (50.2–82.1% vs. 38.8% HL), longer pre-anal-fin length (33.9–41.6% vs. 32.4% SL), and anus closer to disk (3.2– 17.4% vs. 24.7% HL) and farther from anal-fin origin (49.3–75.6% vs. 29.4% HL). Further distinguished from  A. pycnosoma by its strongly notched pectoral fin with long lower lobe (vs. shallow notch, with short lower lobe in  A. pycnosoma), shorter head (19.8–24.8% vs. 26.9% SL), and anus far from pelvic disk (3.2–17.3% vs. 25.7% HL).</p><p>Description. Body elongate, slightly tapered, rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 44.2–76.8 (55.9)% HL; depth at anal-fin origin 50.2–82.1 (60.7)% HL. Head moderately small, 19.8–24.8 (22.4)% SL, width 44.3–58.6 (51.2)% HL; broadly depressed, nape slightly elevated. Snout typically longer than orbit, 88.3–129.6 (118.0)% OL, 27.2–36.7 (34.1)% HL, slightly rounded, snout tip slightly projecting anterior to lower jaw, 0–7.7 (7.1)% HL. Mouth inferior; upper jaw 33.4–43.9 (37.0)% HL, maxilla extending to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit; mandible 41.1–51.8 (44.1)% HL. Premaxillary tooth plates matching mandibular tooth plates. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 7–9 oblique rows of 7–8 teeth forming moderately wide bands. Diastema absent at symphyses of upper and lower jaws. Orbit length 27.5–34.2 (28.9)% HL, orbit depth 19.3–30.6% HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to upper jaw 7.9–16.6 (14.2)% HL, to lower jaw 19.5–25.9 (21.8)% HL; pupil round. Interorbital space convex, broad, fleshy distance 23.2–39.4 (30.3)% HL, bony distance 16.3–25.0 (19.9)% HL. Nostril single, with well-developed tube at level with upper part of orbit; nostril tube length 6.4–22.5 (13.1)% OL.</p><p>Free neuromasts often evident in preserved specimens: at least four or five extending posteriorly from suprabranchial pore 2. In one specimen (UW 116234), about 28 pores extend to form arch over pectoral fin, curving ventrally to midbody at anal-fin origin, and continuing to near caudal-fin base.</p><p>Symplectic with broad dorsal flange extending onto quadrate and metapterygoid (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Gill opening small, 20.2–30.6 (22.8)% HL, upper margin at level of dorsal rim of orbit, extending ventrally to above pectoral-fin or to base of pectoral-fin rays 1–4 (ray 1). Gill rakers 6–9 (8; Table 2).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 43–47 (44; Tables 2, 3), anteriormost rays elongate, ray 1 58.8–102.75 (73.0)% HL, typically longer than all succeeding rays, rarely ray 2 slightly longer or about equal in length, followed by shorter rays 3 and 4 or 5, forming deep notch, followed by longer rays 5 or 6, succeeding rays of equal length, anteriormost rays 1 to 4 or 5 deeply emarginate. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 2 and 3 or 3 and 4 (3 and 4). Pre-dorsal-fin length 23.2–27.1 (23.9)% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 38–41 (39; Tables 2, 3), two to three (two) anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, tips of all rays not exserted. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 11–12 (caudal vertebrae 1–2), pre-anal-fin length 33.9–41.6 (36.7)% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin deeply notched, with 32–37 (32) rays (Tables 2, 3). Upper lobe 65.5–83.9 (74.9)% HL, with 22–30 (24) rays, extending well beyond anus to anal-fin origin or slightly beyond, about same length or slightly longer than lower lobe, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 6–8, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Lower lobe elongate, 59.3–104.6 (69.2)% HL, with 6–10 (8) rays, extending well beyond anus to or near anal-fin origin; dorsal rays lengthening to elongate rays, more ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of rays 5–20% free of membrane, elongate rays of lower lobe up to 65% free of membrane. Notch strong, rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes, more widely spaced ventrally. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with midorbit. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below mid-orbit.</p><p>Proximal pectoral radials four (3+1), robust; radials 1 and 2 hourglass shaped, radial 3 notched dorsally, radial 4 ovoid, unnotched, not widely spaced from radial 3 (Fig. 6B). Three large fenestrae present: scapular fenestra and fenestra between radials one and two ovoid, fenestra between two and three dorsoventrally elongate. Anterodorsal margin of basal cartilage pointed, distinct hook absent. Scapula with strong helve; coracoid narrowly triangular with broad lamina. Distal radials always present at base of pectoral-fin rays 2 to 29, more ventral distal radials reduced. Distal radials of ventralmost four rays absent, rays articulating directly with non-staining fibrocartilage.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderately large, length 29.7–41.4 (38.9)% HL, slightly longer than wide, width 23.0–41.0 (33.7)% HL, anterior lobe weakly developed, flat, distance from snout to pelvic disk 11.7–15.7 (12.3)% SL. Anus below dorsal-fin origin, much nearer to pelvic disk than anal-fin origin, distance from disk to anus 3.2–17.4 (13.3)% HL, distance from anus to anal-fin origin 49.4–75.6 (65.9)% HL; distance from snout to anus 20.3–26.4 (22.4)% SL, 96.7–111.0 (100.0)% HL.</p><p>Caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate. Principal caudal-fin rays 11–12 (Table 2), dorsal procurrent rays 1–3, ventral procurrent rays 0–2 (1–3 + 5–6/6 + 0–2) (2 + 5/6 + 1). Caudal fin 49.2–66.3 (59.2)% HL. Dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 22.2–40.9 (28.0)% CL; anal-fin rays, 25.9–53.8 (46.4)% CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 14.6–25.2 (20.1)% CL.</p><p>Vertebrae 48–51 (49), precaudal 9–11 (10), caudal 38–41 (39; Tables 2, 3). Pleural ribs 2 or 3 (3), anteriormost small to minute when 3, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 9–10 or 8–10 (8–10). Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by small distal notch.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Skin thin, close to body. Pyloric caeca 7–11, long, length about 30–38% HL, center-left side of visceral cavity.</p><p>Coloration. Body and fins pink to red in life (Fig. 4B); head slightly darker, dark orobranchial cavity showing through operculum; belly with bright white extending from pectoral-fin base to anal-fin origin, ventrally from just lateral to midline, dorsally to level of dorsal margin of gill slit; peritoneum black, evident externally in a narrow region dorsally between the white belly and reddish pink of body. Iris silver. Body and fins pale in preservation. Peritoneum black; orobranchial cavity dusky dark; stomach dusky, darkly streaked, or black, intestines pale, pyloric caeca pale, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Distribution.  Allinectes istiophorus has been collected across the length of the Aleutian Islands from west of Attu Island on Stalemate Bank to Samalga Pass and north in the Bering Sea to Zhemchug Canyon at 57.8157°N, 173.8598°W (Fig. 1). Collection depths range from 117 to 762 m.</p><p>Life history. The largest specimen examined was 120.5 mm (UW 117495), a ripe male with enlarged testes; the smallest ripe male was 81.8 mm (UW 200693). The smallest ripe female with yolked eggs was 81.4 mm (UW 117497). Ripe yolked eggs were about 4.0–5.0 mm in diameter. One individual was recovered from the stomach contents of a Pacific Halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet  istiophorus is taken from the Greek ἱστioν, meaning “sail,” and φέρω, meaning “I bear,” alluding to the elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays.</p><p>Remarks. In AFSC resource assessment surveys in Alaska,  A. istiophorus has been routinely misidentified as  A. ectenes (Maslenikov et al. 2013; Orr et al. 2014a, b) because of its slender body, moderate-sized pelvic disk, small gill slit, and long anterior dorsal-fin rays.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF94FFA7FF42FC27FDE73863	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF9FFFA9FF42FF3AFF4B3A69.text	4515878AFF9FFFA9FF42FF3AFF4B3A69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes nanstanorum Orr 2025	<div><p>Allinectes nanstanorum,  new species</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AEB97929-1DDA-4221-B3E7-C1CC2B01C57D</p><p>Burnt Red Snailfish</p><p>Figures 1, 2C, 4C; Tables 2 and 3</p><p>Holotype. UW 200685, 79.4 mm, ripe female, Bering Sea, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-168.8866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.0155" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -168.8866/lat 56.0155)">Pribilof Canyon</a>, 56.0155°N, 168.8866°W, 1172 m depth, 17 July 2016, F/V Cape Flattery, cruise 2016-01, haul 111, N. E. Roberson.</p><p>Paratype. UW 158017, 77.7 mm, ripe female, Bering Sea, 56.2255°N, 171.4857°W, 866 m depth, 11 July 2012, F/V  Vesteraalen, cruise 2012-01, haul 130, S. Kotwicki  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of Allinecte s by its unique caudal fin having a longer and thicker dorsalmost fin ray, dark body coloration, more slender body, narrower interorbital width (13.3–14.2% vs. 14.3–25.0% HL in other species of  Allinectes) and, except from  A. curilanus and  A. istiophorus, by its less depressed head (depth at pelvic disk 44.2–52.8% vs. 61.4–76.3% HL). Further differing from  A. ectenes,  A. curilanus, and  A. attenuatus in its lower counts of total vertebrae (47–49 vs. 53 or more) and median-fin rays (42–45 vs. 48 or more dorsal-fin rays, and 37–38 vs. 40 or more anal-fin rays). Most similar to  Allinectes istiophorus and  A. busbyi, differing in anterior dorsal-fin rays shorter (vs. strongly elongate in  A. istiophorus and moderately elongate in  A. busbyi), anterior body length shorter (snout to anus length 87.8–91.5% vs. 96.9–111.7% and 105.4% HL), body overall dark red and black (vs. light red), stomach pale (vs. dark), and abdomen dark (vs. white or pale). Further differing from  A. ectenes in peritoneum black (vs. pale in  A. ectenes), body less deep at pelvic disk (44.2–52.8% vs. 61.6–69.2% HL), and pelvic disk larger (29.0–29.8% vs. 30.8% HL). Further differing from  A. curilanus in snout tip slightly protruding beyond lower jaw (vs. strongly protruding lower jaw in  A. curilanus). Also similar to  A. attenuatus, known only from holotype, but differing in having body deeper at anal-fin origin (44.2–51.7% vs. 38.8% HL), pre-anal-fin length longer (34.9–35.4% vs. 32.5% SL), and anus closer to disk (13.6–14.9% vs. 24.7% HL) and farther from anal-fin origin (58.0–67.6% vs. 29.4% HL). Further distinguished from  A. pycnosoma by its strongly notched pectoral fin with long lower lobe (vs. shallow notch, with short lower lobe in  A. pycnosoma), head shorter (22.2–24.2% vs. 26.9% SL), and anus far from the pelvic disk (13.6–14.9 vs. 25.7% HL).</p><p>Description. Body elongate, slightly tapered, slightly depressed anteriorly, becoming rounded and compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 44.2–52.8 (52.8)% HL; depth at anal-fin origin 44.2–51.7 (51.7)% HL. Head moderately small, 22.2–24.2 (22.2)% SL, width 41.0–48.9 (48.9)% HL, broadly depressed, nape slightly elevated. Snout rounded, slightly shorter or longer than orbit, 89.3–123.5 (89.3)% OL, 28.4–33.5 (28.4)% HL. Snout tip projecting slightly anterior to lower jaw, 14.3–21.5 (14.3)% OL. Mouth inferior; upper jaw 33.0–41.5 (33.0)% HL, maxilla extending to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending to anterior rim of orbit; mandible 41.5–46.3 (41.5)% HL. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed in 8–9 (9) oblique rows of 7–9 (9) teeth forming narrow bands. Orbit 27.1–31.8 (31.8)% HL, dorsal margin below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to upper jaw 8.0–12.5 (12.5)% HL, to lower jaw 20.2–26.1 (26.1)% HL. Interorbital space broad, fleshy distance 28.4–30.3 (28.4)% HL, bony distance 13.3–14.2 (14.2)% HL, convex. Nostril with raised rim or slightly longer, at level with midorbit; nostril tube length 3.6–15.7 (3.6)% OL.</p><p>Free neuromasts 4–5, extending posteriorly from suprabranchial pore 2. Gill opening 23.4–26.1 (26.1)% HL, upper margin at level of midorbit or dorsal rim of orbit, extending ventrally to just above pectoral-fin. Gill rakers 6 (Table 2).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 42–45 (45; Tables 2, 3), three anteriormost rays slightly elongate, 27.3–34.0 (27.3–33.0)% HL, longer than more posterior rays, deeply emarginate, membrane damaged in both specimens, followed by shorter rays 3 and 4, forming moderate notch. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 3 and 4. Pre-dorsal-fin length 23.7–24.4 (24.4)% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 37–38 (38; Tables 2, 3); one or two (one) anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first haemal spine, each bearing single ray, tips of all rays not exserted. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 13–14 (caudal vertebrae 2–3), pre-anal-fin length 34.9–35.4 (34.9)% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin deeply notched, with 30–31 (31) rays (Tables 2, 3). Upper lobe 71.6–76.1 (71.6)% HL, with 21–22 (22) rays extending well beyond anus to anal-fin origin, longer than lower lobe. Lower lobe elongate, 59.7–78.7 (59.7)% HL, with nine rays, extending well beyond anus halfway to anal-fin origin; dorsal rays lengthening to elongate rays. Tips of rays 5–20% free of membrane, elongate rays of lower lobe up to 60% free of membrane. Notch strong. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with ventral rim of orbit. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below posterior part of orbit.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderately small, length 29.0–29.8 (29.0)% HL, slightly longer than wide, width 26.7–29.3 (26.7)% HL, anterior lobe weakly developed, distance from tip of snout to pelvic disk 12.1–12.5 (12.1)% SL. Anus below dorsal-fin origin, much closer to pelvic disk than anal-fin origin, distance from disk 13.6–14.9 (13.6)% HL, distance from anal-fin origin 58.0–67.6 (67.6)% HL; distance from snout to anus 20.3–21.2 (20.3)% SL, 87.8–91.5 (91.5)% HL.</p><p>Caudal fin asymmetrical, with dorsalmost ray longer and thicker than more ventral rays. Principal caudal-fin rays 11 (Table 2), dorsal procurrent rays 2, ventral procurrent rays absent (2 + 5/6 + 0). Caudal fin 60.6–73.3 (73.3)% HL. Dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 28.1–31.0 (31.0)% CL; anal-fin rays, 29.8–32.6 (32.6)% CL. Depth at base of caudal fin 13.2–15.8 (13.2)% CL.</p><p>Vertebrae 47–49 (49), precaudal 10, caudal 37–39 (39; Tables 2, 3). Pleural ribs 3, anteriormost small, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 8–10. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by a large split of about 75% length of plate.</p><p>Skin thin, loose. Pyloric caeca 5, long, length about 21% HL, left side of visceral cavity.</p><p>Coloration. Body overall red with darker mottling in life (Fig. 4C); head dark externally, lighter red at margins, dark orobranchial cavity also showing through operculum; belly nearly completely dark, faint white anteriorly at pectoral-fin base; peritoneum dark. Iris dark.All fin rays red. In preservation, body dusky overall, head dark between tip of snout and nape, snout tip light, belly dark except for light vent, fins pale. Peritoneum black; orobranchial cavity dark; stomach, intestines, pyloric caeca, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Distribution. The two known specimens of  Allinectes nanstanorum were collected on the Bering Sea continental slope (Fig. 1) south of Zhemchug Canyon at 866 m depth and in Pribilof Canyon at a depth of 1172 m.</p><p>Life history. Both specimens examined were ripe females with yolked eggs. Yolked eggs were 2.1–3.2 mm in diameter.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an abbreviated amalgamation of the first names of the collectors of the holotype (Nancy Roberson) and the paratype (Stan Kotwicki) in the genitive case, both of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service.</p><p>Remarks. Both specimens of  A. nanstanorum are in similar condition, adequate but not ideal, which is typical for snailfishes taken in deeper benthic trawls. Fin rays are stripped, although not broken, and the bodies are somewhat contorted.</p><p>Among species of  Careproctus,  A. nanstanorum is similar in general body morphology and external color to  C. pulcher but differs in having a black peritoneum (vs. pale in  C. pulcher), elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays (vs. rays uniform in size), and higher counts of vertebrae (47–49 vs. 46) and anal-fin rays (anal-fin rays 37–38 vs. 35–36). It is also similar to  C. opisthotremus Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912a, known from only two specimens, differing from it in having a dark peritoneum (vs. pale in  C. opisthotremus), much smaller gill slit ending above the pectoral fin (vs. extending to pectoral-fin ray 5), and more slender head and body (depth at pelvic disk 10.7–11.8% SL vs. 16.5% SL).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF9FFFA9FF42FF3AFF4B3A69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
4515878AFF9EFFABFF42FA67FE3C3EC0.text	4515878AFF9EFFABFF42FA67FE3C3EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allinectes pycnosoma (Gilbert & Burke 1912) Orr 2025	<div><p>Allinectes pycnosoma (Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912),  new combination</p><p>Stout Snailfish</p><p>Figure 1; Tables 1 and 2</p><p>Careproctus pycnosoma Gilbert &amp; Burke, 1912b: 372, fig. 14, pl. 46-3 (original description, compared with C. ectenes, in key). Type locality: Japan, off Simushir Island, Kuril Islands, Japan, 419 m (229 fms) depth, Albatross station 4803.— Burke 1930: 108, fig. 24 (description, key).— Orr &amp; Busby 2001: 57 (compared with Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis).— Chernova et al. 2004: 13 (checklist, possibly in Allocareproctus).— Orr &amp; Busby 2006: 13 (compared with Allocareproctus).— Parin et al. 2014: 314, 324 (checklist, Russia, possibly in Allocareproctus or a synonym of A. jordani).— Murasaki et al. 2018: 240, table 2 (list of characters, compared with C. surugaensis).</p><p>Allocareproctus pycnosoma: Sheiko &amp; Fedorov 2000: 31 (questionably a senior synonym of A. jordani, C. curilanus, and C. gilberti Jordan &amp; Thompson, 1914).— Parin et al. 2002: S111 (senior synonym of A. jordani, C. curilanus, and C. gilberti Jordan &amp; Thompson, 1914).</p><p>Careproctus pycnosoma non Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b: Kido 1985: 14 ([= Allocareproctus tanix]; compared with C. curilanus and C. ectenes).— Kido 1988: 198 (compared with A. jordani).— Mecklenburg et al. 2002: 608 (after Kido 1985; questionably a synonym of A. jordani and C. curilanus).— Murasaki et al. 2018: 241, table 2 (list of characters, compared with C. surugaensis).</p><p>Holotype. USNM 73340, 39.0 mm, Japan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.75/lat 46.7)">Kuril Islands</a>, off Simushir Island, 46.7°N, 151.75°E, 419 m (229 fms) depth, 24 June 1906, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.75/lat 46.7)">Albatross
Station 4803</a>.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of  Allinectes by a combination of pectoral fin shallowly notched and shorter (upper lobe 56.2% vs. 60.6–83.9% HL in other species of  Allinectes), snout blunt, anterior dorsal-fin rays slightly elongate, body typically shorter posterior from anal-fin origin (60.6% vs. 58.4–72.9% SL), and higher counts of pectoral-fin rays (39 vs. 28–37) and pyloric caeca (17 vs. 6–11). Most similar to  Allinectes istiophorus and  A. busbyi, differing in peritoneum and stomach pale (vs. both dark in  A. istiophorus and  A. busbyi), anterior dorsal-fin rays shorter (vs. moderately to strongly elongate). Further differing from  A. curilanus and  A. ectenes in its blunt non-protruding snout (vs. protruding in  A. curilanus and  A. ectenes), lower counts of vertebrae and median-fin rays (vertebrae 49, dorsal-fin rays 45, anal-fin rays 39 vs. 53–59, 48–54, 42–49, respectively, in the other two species combined). Differing further from  A. attenuatus and  A. nanstanorum in peritoneum pale (vs. dark in  A. attenuatus and  A. nanstanorum), and deeper body at anal-fin origin (61.9% vs. 38.8–51.7% HL) and at pelvic disk (73.3% vs. 44.2–67.1% HL).</p><p>Description. Body moderately elongate, slightly tapered, robust and rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; depth at pelvic disk 73.3% HL; depth at anal-fin origin 61.9% HL. Head moderately large, 26.9% SL, width 57.1% HL, stout, nape slightly elevated. Snout blunt, not projecting, shorter than orbit, 76.5% OL, 24.8% HL. Mouth slightly inferior; upper jaw 28.6% HL, maxilla extending to anterior rim of orbit, oral cleft extending anterior to anterior rim; mandible 28.6% HL. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth trilobed, forming broad bands. Orbit moderate, 32.4% HL, suborbital depth to upper jaw 10.5% HL, to lower jaw 34.3% HL. Interorbital space broad, bony distance 23.8% HL, convex. Nostril on short tube at level with dorsal part of orbit.</p><p>Free neuromasts present (Burke 1930). Gill opening small, 22.9% HL, upper margin at dorsal rim of orbit, extending ventrally to above pectoral-fin ray 1.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays 45 (Tables 1, 2), anteriormost rays slightly longer than succeeding rays, tips free and not embedded in skin (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b), forming a slight notch (Burke 1930), anteriormost rays now broken, tips of more posterior rays not exserted. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines 2 and 3. Pre-dorsal-fin length 27.2% SL.</p><p>Anal-fin rays 39 (Tables 1, 2); one anal-fin pterygiophore anterior to first haemal spine, bearing single ray, tips of all rays not exserted (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b: pl. 46-3). Anal-fin origin below vertebra 11 (caudal vertebra 1), pre-anal-fin length 39.5% SL.</p><p>Pectoral fin shallowly notched, with 39 rays (Tables 1, 2). Upper lobe relatively short, 56.2% HL, with 30 rays, extending well beyond anus to anal-fin origin, longer than lower lobe. Lower lobe short, 33.3% HL, with 9 rays, extending to anus, well short of anal-fin origin; dorsal rays lengthening to slightly longer rays, ventral rays gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of all rays 5–20% free of membrane. Notch shallow. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with ventral rim of orbit. Insertion of lowermost pectoral-fin ray below midorbit.</p><p>Pelvic disk moderate, round, length and width 27.6% HL, anterior lobe slightly developed, flat, distance from tip of snout to pelvic disk 15.4% SL. Anus below anterior part of dorsal fin, closer to disk than anal-fin origin, distance from disk 25.7% HL, distance to anal-fin origin 40.0% HL; distance from snout to anus 27.7% SL, 102.9% HL.</p><p>Principal caudal-fin rays 11 (Kido 1985). Depth at base of caudal fin 15.0% HL.</p><p>Vertebrae 49, precaudal 10, caudal 39 (Tables 1, 2). Pleural ribs 3, anteriormost small, others long and slender, present on vertebrae 8–10. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates with short distal split.</p><p>Skin relatively thick; prickles absent. Pyloric caeca 17, short, and bluntly pointed (Kido 1985).</p><p>Coloration. In life, dusky gray, lighter about head and snout (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b; Burke 1930). In preservation, body and fins pale. Peritoneum, orobranchial cavity, stomach, intestines pale, and urogenital papilla pale.</p><p>Distribution. The holotype and only known specimen of  Allinectes pycnosoma was collected in the Kuril Islands off Simushir Island (Fig. 1) at a depth of 419 m.</p><p>Life history. The holotype of 39 mm is immature (Kido 1985).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Greek πυκνός, meaning thick, and σῶμα, meaning “body,” likely an allusion to its thick head relative to  A. ectenes, with which it was compared in the original description (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b).</p><p>Remarks. I tentatively allocate  A. pycnosoma to  Allinectes based primarily on the description of the dorsal fin by Gilbert &amp; Burke (1912b) and Burke (1930), as well as its possession of other morphological characters typical of the genus. Both descriptions were based on the holotype and only known specimen (Orr &amp; Busby 2006) and indicate that the dorsal fin was similar to that of  A. ectenes in having the anterior rays either “not shortened” (Gilbert &amp; Burke 1912b) or longer than succeeding rays and forming a shallow notch (Burke 1930: 109), a diagnostic character for  Allinectes . The specimen is in fair condition overall, although the dorsal-fin rays are clearly broken. However, even though broken, the second dorsal-fin ray is longer than in slightly larger specimens of the small species  A. curilanus and longer than in comparable specimens of  Allocareproctus, to which it had been tentatively assigned (Sheiko &amp; Fedorov 2000).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4515878AFF9EFFABFF42FA67FE3C3EC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Orr, James Wilder	Orr, James Wilder (2025): Resurrection of the snailfish genus Allinectes (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) for seven North Pacific species, including descriptions of three new species from Alaska. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 301-334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.1
