identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
44104810CF6A7918B0B3FA2636F174A5.text	44104810CF6A7918B0B3FA2636F174A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus Mulsant 1846	<div><p>Genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846</p><p>Diagnosis. Body elongate oval to oval, weakly convex, dorsum covered with pubescence (Figs 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a–b, 5a–b, 6a, 7a, 8a). Antennae are composed of 10 or 11 antennomeres (first and second antennomeres partly or fully fused) (Figs 1e, 2d, 3d, 4e, 7e, 8e). Prosternal process relatively wide, with surface almost flat, and without carinae (Figs 1c, 7c, 8c). Abdomen with six ventrites; abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete laterally, slightly recurved apically (Figs 1d, 2c, 3c, 4d, 5d, 6c, 7d, 8d). Tarsi with 3 tarsomeres.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF6A7918B0B3FA2636F174A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF6A791BB0B3F8E234A77608.text	44104810CF6A791BB0B3F8E234A77608.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus ancyroides Pang & Pu 1988	<div><p>Nephus ancyroides Pang &amp; Pu, 1988</p><p>Figs 1a–j</p><p>Nephus ancyroides Pang &amp; Pu, 1988: 239 .</p><p>Nephus dilepismoides Pang &amp; Pu, 1988: 240 . Ren &amp; Pang 1994: 326.</p><p>Nephus (Geminosipho) ancyroides: Yu &amp; Lau 2001: 155.</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, Punjab, Murree, 22 Mill, 33°48’21” N, 73°16’90” E, 771 m, 5♂♂, 16♀♀, 12.x.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; 1♂, 2♀♀, 13.xi.2017, leg. I. Bodlah (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nephus ancyroides can easily be separated from other species of Nephus by having dark reddish-brown elytral maculae, not well defined, touching posterior margin of elytra (Fig. 1a), and apex of penis pincer-shaped (Fig. 1g).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.50–1.73 mm; TW: 1.02–1.15 mm; TH: 0.66–0.77 mm; EL/TW: 1.09–1.10; TL/TW: 1.50; HW/PW: 0.62–0.65; PL/PW: 0.43–0.53.</p><p>Body elongate oval, slightly convex, dorsum with dense white pubescence (Fig. 1a); pronotum and head black (Fig. 1d); elytra black with apical dark reddish-brown maculae touching posterior margin (Fig. 1a); antennae composed of 10 antennomeres (Fig. 1e); prosternal process without carinae (Fig. 1c); abdominal postcoxal line on ventrite 1 incomplete and reaching to 2/3 of its length, curved upward at lateral margin (Fig. 1d).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 1f–i) with penis stout, penis capsule with long inner arm and short outer one (Fig. 1f); apex of penis pincer-shaped (Fig. 1g); tegmen with penis guide in lateral view, wider medially and tapering gradually toward apex (Fig. 1h); penis guide in inner view abruptly converging to blunt apex (Fig. 1i); parameres slender and as long as penis guide (Fig. 1h).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 1j). Coxites triangular, styli present; sperm duct membranous of uniform diameter, adjacent to the apical part of bursa, infundibulum absent; spermatheca vermiform with two distinct large tubular cornus, without clearly defined nodulus or ramus.</p><p>Prey. This species feeds on Aphis gossypii Glover ( Hemiptera: Aphididae) (First record for this prey).</p><p>Associated plants. Poales: Poaceae: Sorghum halepense Linnaeus; Lamiales: Verbenaceae: Lantana camara Linnaeus.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Punjab: Murree (current study); China (Pang &amp; Pu 1988). A new species record for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. Pang &amp; Pu (1988) originally described and illustrated this species from China, Nephus ancyroides is rarely collected in Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF6A791BB0B3F8E234A77608	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF69791AB0B3F982316D71D1.text	44104810CF69791AB0B3F982316D71D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus bielawskii (Fursch 1965)	<div><p>Nephus bielawskii (Fürsch, 1965)</p><p>Figs 2a–h</p><p>Scymnus (Nephus) bielawskii Fürsch, 1965: 192</p><p>Nephus (Geminosipho) bielawskii: Kovář 2007: 580</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, Punjab, Chakwal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.98472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.98472/lat 32.755)">Khajula Dam Area</a>, 32°45’18” N, 72°59’5” E, 785 m, 1♂, 28.x.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; Rawalpindi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.854996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.738888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.854996/lat 33.738888)">Taxila</a> (Gangu Jamma), 33°44’20” N, 72°51’18” E, 559 m, 1♂, 2.ix.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.38416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.660557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.38416/lat 33.660557)">Neela Sandh</a>, 33°39’38” N, 73°23’3” E, 692 m, 1♂, 13.iv.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nephus bielawskii is similar to N. eurypodus, in general body appearance, but it can easily be separated by having pronotum with reddish-brown lateral sides, only discal area dark brown to black (Figs 2a–b), and penis tip with long flagellum (Fig. 2f). However, in N. eurypodus pronotum is dark brown to black (Figs 4a–c), and penis tip bifid with thread-like membranous appendage (Fig. 4g).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.67–1.71 mm; TW: 1.38–140 mm; TH: 0.80–0.81 mm; EL/TW: 1.01–1.02; TL/TW: 1.21– 1.22; HW/PW: 0.62–0.63; PL/PW: 0.41–0.42.</p><p>Body oval, weakly convex, dorsum with dense white pubescence; head yellow-brown, mouthparts and antennae brown (Fig. 2b); pronotum black with reddish-brown lateral margins; elytra black with yellow to yellow-brown large subquadrate apical spots (Fig. 2a); antennae composed of 10 antennomeres (Fig. 2d); abdominal postcoxal line incomplete on ventrite 1 slightly curved apically (Fig. 2c).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 2e–h). Penis stout and long; penis capsule with long inner arm and indistinct outer one (Fig. 2e); apex of penis slightly curved with long flagellum-like membranous appendage (Fig. 2f); tegmen stout with penis guide in lateral view wider at base, gradually tapering to pointed apex (Fig. 2g); penis guide in inner view parallel-sided at the base and converging toward pointed apex (Fig. 2h); parameres stout with basal parts curved, as long as penis guide (Fig. 2g).</p><p>Female genitalia. Not studied.</p><p>Prey. Nephus bielawskii feeds on Paracoccus marginatus Williams &amp; Granara de Willink ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Euphyllura sp. ( Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (First record for both these prey).</p><p>Associated plants. Nephus (Geminosipho) bielawskii has been collected on Brassicales: Caricaceae: Carica papaya Linnaeus; Lamiales: Oleaceae: Olea ferruginea Royle.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Punjab: Rawalpindi, Chakwal (current study); Afghanistan; Iran (Fürsch 1965; Kovář 2007). A new species record for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described and illustrated by Fürsch (1965) from Afghanistan within the Nephus bipunctatus species group. This species is rarely collected in Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF69791AB0B3F982316D71D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF68791DB0B3F9D231197140.text	44104810CF68791DB0B3F9D231197140.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus caneparii Fursch & Uygun 1980	<div><p>Nephus caneparii Fürsch &amp; Uygun, 1980</p><p>(Figs 3a–j)</p><p>Nephus caneparii Fürsch &amp; Uygun, 1980: 109 .</p><p>Nephus (Nephus) caneparii: Kovář 2007: 580.</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, Punjab, Chakwal, Khajula, 32°55’15” N, 72°51’59” E, 484 m, 2♂♂, 3♀♀, 28.x.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.86639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.920834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.86639/lat 32.920834)">Khajula Dam Area</a>, 32°45’18” N, 72°59’5” E, 785m, 1♂, 1♀, 28.x.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.98472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.98472/lat 32.755)">Kallar Kahar</a>, 32°46’6” N, 72°41’58” E, 787 m, 2♂♂, 3♀♀, 11.iv.2017, 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 20.viii.2017, 6♂♂, 9♀♀, 7.ix.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nephus caneparii can be easily distinguished from other Pakistani congeners by its large irregular yellowish maculae covering almost the whole surface of elytra (Fig. 3a), the shape of apical part of penis is also diagnostic (Fig. 3f).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.96–2.07 mm; TW: 1.53–1.55 mm; TH: 0.85–0.95 mm; EL/TW: 0.90–1.10; TL/TW: 1.27– 1.35; HW/PW: 0.62–0.68; PL/PW: 0.50–0.51.</p><p>Body broadly oval and moderately convex, dorsum with dense white pubescence (Fig. 3a); head, mouthparts, and antennae yellow-brown (Fig. 3b); pronotum reddish brown; elytra reddish brown or black, with large C-shaped yellow to yellow-brown marks, elytral apices brown (Fig. 3a); antennae composed of 11 antennomeres, scape and pedicel almost entirely fused (Fig. 3d); abdominal postcoxal line incomplete laterally, parallel to posterior line of ventrite 1, not curved at lateral margin (Fig. 3c).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 3e–h). Penis long; penis capsule inner arm distinctly longer than outer one (Fig. 3e); apex of the penis with a hook-shaped projection on the inner side at 1/6 th apical length, tip flattened with long and short hair–like appendages (Figs 3e–f); tegmen with penis guide in lateral view (Fig. 3g) projected at 3/5 of basal length, and 2/5 of its length abruptly curved into arc, then gradually narrower toward the pointed tip; penis guide in inner view with broader at base then tapering toward apex; parameres slightly shorter than penis guide (Fig. 3h).</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 3i–j). Ovipositor with coxites elongate subtriangular, styli present; spermatheca vermiform, with tubular cornu, without clearly defined nodulus or ramus; infundibulum absent.</p><p>Prey. During the current study, it feeds on Euphyllura sp. ( Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (First record for this prey).</p><p>Associated plants. Collected from the Lamiales: Oleaceae: Olea europaea Linnaeus and O. ferruginea Royle.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Punjab: Chakwal (current study); Turkey (Kovář 2007); Iran (Fürsch &amp; Uygun 1980). A new species record for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. Nephus caneparii was originally described and illustrated by Fürsch &amp; Uygun (1980) from Iran. It is rarely collected in Pakistan and appears host-specific to Euphyllura sp. on olive trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF68791DB0B3F9D231197140	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF6F791FB0B3FA72366472CD.text	44104810CF6F791FB0B3FA72366472CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus eurypodus Yu & Lau 2001	<div><p>Nephus eurypodus Yu &amp; Lau, 2001</p><p>Figs 4a–j</p><p>Nephus (Geminosipho) eurypodus Yu &amp; Lau, 2001: 155 . Kovář 2007: 581. Wang &amp; Chen 2023: 163.</p><p>Material examined. PAKISTAN, Punjab, Rawalpindi, PMAS– Arid Agriculture University, 33°38’56” N, 73°04’54” E, 501 m, 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 27.v.2015, 2♂♂, 1♀, 11.vii.2016, 1♂, 3♀♀, 4.ix.2016, 1♂, 2♀♀, 10.x.2016, 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 2.v.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); 1♂, 2♀♀, 2.vi.2015, 1♀, 27.v.2016, leg. I. Bodlah (PMAS – AAUR); Nawaz Sharif Park, 33°38’53” N, 73°04’37” E, 511 m, 5♂♂, 8♀♀, 8.vi.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Gilgit – Baltistan, Gilgit, Jutial Khomer, 35°54’37” N, 74°20’44” E, 1473 m, 2♂♂, 1♀, 7.vii.2015, 1♂, 3♀♀, 30.viii.2015, 2♂♂, 3♀♀, 15.ix.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Naltar, 36°09’53” N, 74°10’46” E, 2893 m, 1♂, 2♀♀, 9.viii.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Jutial Nala, 35°53’20” N, 74°20’37” E, 1815 m, 2♂♂, 3♀♀, 29.viii.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Minawar, 35°52’31” N, 74°25’38” E, 1508 m, 1♂, 2♀♀, 15.ix.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Nagar, Jaglot Gouro, 36°10’09” N, 74°17’08” E, 1673 m, 1♂, 3♀♀, 20.ix.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Garhi Ata Muhammad, 33°58’38” N, 71°34’55” E, 345 m, 1♂, 31.x.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR).</p><p>Diagnosis. Nephus eurypodus is similar to N. bielawskii in external appearance, but it can easily be distinguished by having entirely black or reddish brown pronotum (Figs 4a–c), and apex of penis with bifid process and short thread-like membranous appendages at tip (Fig. 4g). However, in N. bielawskii, pronotum is black with reddish-brown lateral margins (Figs 2a–b), and apex of penis is slightly curved and pointed with long flagellum-like membranous appendage (Fig. 2f).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.60–1.87 mm; TW: 1.15–1.33 mm; TH: 0.62–0.74 mm; EL/TW: 1.04–1.11; TL/TW: 1.40; HW/PW: 0.57–0.59; PL/PW: 0.44–0.47.</p><p>Body oval and rounded, strongly convex, dorsum with dense pubescence (Figs 4a–b); pronotum reddish brown to black; head dark-brown or reddish-brown, except mouthparts and antennae brown (Fig. 4c); elytra reddish-brown to black with two apical yellow-brown to orange spots, elytral apices brown (Figs 4a–b); antennae composed of 10 antennomeres (Fig. 4e); abdominal postcoxal lines on ventrite 1 incomplete laterally, expending to 4/5 length of ventrite, and slightly curved apically at lateral margin (Fig. 4d).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 4f–i). Penis slender; penis capsule with inner arm well developed, longer than outer arm, outer arm reduced (Fig. 4f); apex of penis slightly curved outwards, tip with bifid process with short thread-like membranous appendages (Fig. 4g); tegmen with penis guide in lateral view broader at base, and gradually narrowing toward pointed apex (Fig. 4h); penis guide in inner view sub-parallel sided from base to apical 3/4 of its length, then narrower to pointed apex (Fig. 4i); parameres slightly shorter than penis guide, covered with apical long hairs.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 4j). Coxites subtriangular, elongate, with styli present, sperm duct membranous with uniform diameter, adjacent to the apical part of bursa, infundibulum absent; spermatheca vermiform, without clearly defined nodulus or ramus.</p><p>Preys. This species feeds on Aphis gossypii Glover, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) ( Hemiptera: Aphididae), Drosicha stebbingi Green ( Hemiptera: Margarodidae) Planococcus citri Risso, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Paracoccus marginatus Williams &amp; Granara de Willink, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and psyllids species ( Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (First record for these prey).</p><p>Associated plants. This species is colllected from the Asterales: Asteraceae: Artemisia maritima Linnaeus, Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus, Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus; Brassicales: Caricaceae: Carica papaya Linnaeus; Fabales: Fabaceae: Cassia fistula Linnaeus; Malvales: Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linnaeus; Myrtales: Lythraceae: Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus; Rosales: Rosaceae: Morus alba Linnaeus, Pyrus malus (Suckow) Borkhasar, Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus, Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch; Rosales: Elaeagnaceae: Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus; Vitales: Vitaceae: Vitis vinifera Linnaeus.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Gilgit–Baltistan: Gilgit and Nagar, Punjab: Rawalpindi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar (current study); China: Guangdong, Hong Kong (Yu &amp; Lau 2001). New species records for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. Yu &amp; Lau (2001) originally described and illustrated Nephus eurypodus from Hong Kong. It resembles N. phosphorus (Lewis, 1896) in external apperance. However, Yu &amp; Lau differentiated it from N. phosphorus by having the anterior margin of elytral spot extended beyond the middle of elytra and with the longer spermathecae. Additionally, they also described a unique character of this species: very broad, plate-like femora and strongly flattened tibiae resembling Aponephus lentiformis Booth (1991), which is now classified as Nephus (Nephus) lentiformis (Poorani 2002) . Some species of Nephus, such as N. (Bipunctatus) ziguiensis Yu, 1997, also have broad and flattened femora, particularly in the hind legs. However, the two species can be distinguished by their antennomeres: N. eurypodus has 10 antennomeres, whereas N. (B.) ziguiensis has only 9. This species is commonly collected in the northern regions of Pakistan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF6F791FB0B3FA72366472CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF6D791EB0B3FECA34777359.text	44104810CF6D791EB0B3FECA34777359.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus quadrimaculatus (Herbst 1783)	<div><p>Nephus quadrimaculatus (Herbst, 1783)</p><p>Figs 5a–j</p><p>Sphaeridium quadrimaculatus Herbst, 1783: 30 .</p><p>Coccinella bisbipustulatus Panzer, 1793: 5 .</p><p>Nephus quadrimaculatus quadrimaculatus: Kugelann 1794: 564. Canepari &amp; Tedehi 1977: 101. Fürsch 1980: 109.</p><p>Coccinella quadrilunulatus Illiger, 1798: 416 .</p><p>Scymnus obliquus Comoli, 1837: 52 . Weise 1879: 154.</p><p>Nephus (Nephus) quadrimaculatus: Ren &amp; Pang 1994: 6. Kovář 2007: 580.</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.74694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.74694/lat 36.16)">Gilgit–Baltistan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.74694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.74694/lat 36.16)">Ghizer</a>, Punyial, Gahkuch–Bala, 36°09’36” N, 73°44’49” E, 2129 m, 3♂♂, 3♀♀, 3.vii.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nephus quadrimaculatus is similar to N. cf. similincludens in general appearance, but it can be easily separated by having 10 antennomeres in antennae, apex of penis with a large hook-shaped appendage at 1/5 of its length (Fig. 5f). However, in N. cf. s imilincludens antennae are composed of 11 antennomeres, while apex of penis is slightly curved and pointed, with appendage (Fig. 8g).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.75–1.77 mm; TW: 1.26–1.28 mm; TH: 0.74–0.75 mm; EL/TW: 1.02; TL/TW: 1.38–1.39; HW/PW: 0.65–0.66; PL/PW: 0.46–0.48.</p><p>Body (Figs 5a–b) elongate oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with dense white pubescence; head, mouthparts and antennae yellow-brown; pronotum reddish brown to black; elytra reddish brown to black, elytra with four yellow-brown spots, first two basal spots sub-rectangular, the remaining two apical spots small commashaped, apex of elytra brown (Figs 5a–b); antennae composed of 11 antennomeres; prosternal process without carinae; abdominal ventrite 1 with postcoxal line incomplete laterally, parallel to posterior line, not curved at lateral margin (Fig. 5d).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 5e–h). Penis long; penis capsule with inner arm distinctly longer than outer one (Fig. 5e); apex of penis with a large hook-shaped appendage on inner side at 1/5 of apical length, and flattened blunt apex (Fig. 5f); tegmen stout, penis guide in lateral view, with 2/5 of basal length projected, and 3/5 of its apical length abruptly curved into arc, then gradually narrower toward pointed tip (Fig. 5g), asymmetrical in inner view, widest at base and tapered toward apex (Fig. 5h); parameres of the same length as penis guide in outer view (Fig. 5g), apices of parameres covered with long setae.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 5i–j). Ovipositor with coxites elongate triangular, with styli; spermatheca with tubular cornu, without clearly defined nodulus or ramus; infundibulum absent.</p><p>Prey. This species has been reported as a predator of Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green ( Hemiptera:Margarodidiae) (First record for this prey).</p><p>Associated plants. Nephus quadrimaculatus was collected from the Malpighiales: Salicaceae: Salix alba Linnaeus; Rosales: Elaeagnaceae: Elaeagnus angustifolia Linnaeus.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Gilgit–Baltistan: Ghizer (current study); Europe; Kazakhstan; Iran; China (Kovář 2007). A new species record for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. Nephus quadrimaculatus is broadly distributed in the Palaearctic region (Kovář 2007), however, it is rarely collected in Pakistan. Fürsch &amp; Uygun (1980) provided illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF6D791EB0B3FECA34777359	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF6C7911B0B3FE7E3025737D.text	44104810CF6C7911B0B3FE7E3025737D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus regularis (Sicard 1929)	<div><p>Nephus regularis (Sicard, 1929)</p><p>(Figs 6a–h)</p><p>Scymnus (Nephus) regularis Sicard, 1929: 183; Korschefsky 1931: 144.</p><p>Nephus regularis: Chelliah 1965: 166; Pang &amp; Gordon 1986: 133.</p><p>Nephus (Nephus) regularis: Kovář 2007: 580; Poorani &amp; Lalitha 2018: 109.</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, Punjab, Chakwal, Iqbal library Park, 32°56’5” N, 72°51’16” E, 524 m, 1♂, 1♀, 16.vi.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Kallar Kahar, 32°46’6” N, 72°41’58” E, 787 m, 1♀, 11.iv.2017, 4♂♂, 7♀♀, 7.ix.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Rawalpindi, PMAS– Arid Agriculture University, 33°38’56” N, 73°4’54” E, 501 m, 1♂, 1♀, 27.v.2015, 1♀, 11.vii.2016, 1♂, 2♀♀, 2.v.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Nawaz Sharif Park, 33°38’53” N, 73°4’37” E, 511 m, 1♂, 3♀♀, 8.vi.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Taxila (Bani), 33°44’59” N, 72°48’8” E, 490 m, 1♂, 1♀, 28.x.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Jhelum, Domeli, 33°00’33” N, 73°21’26” E, 325 m, 1♂, 3♀♀, 25.iv.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Murree, 22 Mill, 33°48’21” N, 73°16’9” E, 771 m, 2♂♂, 1♀, 12.x.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Garhi Ata Muhammad. 33°59’37” N, 71°34’55” E, 345 m, 1♂, 31.x.2015, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Jalalabad Park, 34°21’38” N, 73°28’35” E, 737 m, 1♂, 2♀♀, 19.viii.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR); Islamabad, Kachnar Park, 33°40’32” N, 73°4’39” E, 603 m, 1♂, 2♀♀, 6.x.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nephus regularis can be easily differentiated from other species of Nephus by entirely yellow-brown body coloration and thick membranous flagellum-like appendage at the apex of penis (Fig. 6e).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.40–1.55 mm; TW: 1.05–1.10 mm; TH: 0.73 mm; EL/TW: 1.03–1.14; TL/TW: 1.33–1.41; HW/PW: 0.62–0.65; PL/PW: 0.49–0.52.</p><p>Body broadly oval, moderately convex, dorsum with dense whitish pubescence (Fig. 6a); head, mouthparts, and antennae yellowish; pronotum yellow-brown; elytra yellow-brown, with darker color in basal margin and suture (Fig. 6a); prosternal process broader than long, without carinae with fine punctures; antennae composed of 11 antennomeres, scape and pedicel almost entirely fused; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, running parallel to the hind margin of ventrite 1, apical 1/3 length slightly curved at the lateral margin (Fig. 6c).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 6d–g). Penis stout; penis capsule with inner arm well developed, longer than outer arm, outer arm reduced (Fig. 6d), apex of penis curved and bifurcated with membranous flagellum-like appendage outwardly (Fig. 6e); tegmen stout with penis guide in lateral view parallel sided at 2/3 of its length then gradually converging to pointed apex (Fig. 6f); penis guide asymmetrical in inner view (Fig. 6g); parameres short slender; subequal in length to penis guide, with sparse long setae on apical margins (Fig. 6f).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 6h). Coxites elongate triangular, styli present, sperm duct membranous of uniform diameter, infundibulum absent; spermatheca V-shaped, with tubular cornu.</p><p>Prey. This species was found to feed on Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) (Irshad 2001; Rafi et al. 2005), Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green (Poorani &amp; Lalitha 2018; current study), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus citri Risso ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Poorani &amp; Lalitha 2018), Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy) ( Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Euphyllura sp. ( Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (First record for these prey).</p><p>Associated plants. Collected from the Asterales: Asteraceae: Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus; Fabales: Fabaceae: Cassia fistula Linnaeus; Lamiales: Oleaceae: Olea ferruginea Royle; Malvales: Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosasinensis Linnaeus; Myrtales: Lythraceae: Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus; Poales: Poaceae: Heteropogon contortus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex Roemer &amp; Schultes; Rosales: Rosaceae: Cotoneaster sp., Morus alba Linnaeus.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Muzaffarabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar, Islamabad (current study), Punjab: Rawalpindi (Irshad 2001; Rafi et al. 2005; current study), Jhang, Faisalabad (Ali et al. 2015) Chakwal, Jhelum, Murree (current study), Sindh: Sukkar, Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, Karachi, Tandojam, (Ali et al. 2015); India (Poorani 2002).</p><p>Remarks. Nephus regularis originally has been described by Sicard (1929), subsequently redescribed and illustrated by several authors, including Chelliah (1965), Pang &amp; Gordon (1986), and Poorani &amp; Lalitha (2018). It is one of the most widely distributed species of Nephus in Pakistan. This species is similar to Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora in external appearance but can be easily separated by a combination of generic and genitalia characteristics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF6C7911B0B3FE7E3025737D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF637910B0B3FC9331497120.text	44104810CF637910B0B3FC9331497120.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus roonwali Kapur 1967	<div><p>Nephus cf. roonwali Kapur, 1967</p><p>(Figs 7a–j)</p><p>Nephus roonwali Kapur, 1967: 163 .</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, Punjab, Attock, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.68278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.818054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.68278/lat 33.818054)">Hasanabdal</a>, 33°49’5” N, 72°40’58” E, 603 m, 1♂, 1♀, 2.ix.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; Rawalpindi, Taxila (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.80222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.74972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.80222/lat 33.74972)">Bani</a>), 33°44’59” N, 72°48’8” E, 490 m, 1♀, 28.x.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.66167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.839443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.66167/lat 33.839443)">Bai</a>, 33°50’22” N, 72°39’42” E, 415 m, 1♂, 2♀♀, 6.iii.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal, (PMAS – AAUR) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.71444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.800278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.71444/lat 33.800278)">Wah village</a>, 33°48’01” N, 72°42’52” E, 466 m, 9♂♂, 13♀♀, 28.iv.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; Murree, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.47639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.47639/lat 33.99)">Osia</a>, 33°59’24” N, 73°28’35” E, 1516 m, 3♂♂, 2♀♀, 15.iv.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) ; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Nowshera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.233604&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.90806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.233604/lat 33.90806)">Khairabad</a>, 33°54’29” N, 72°14’1” E, 275 m, 20♂♂, 28♀♀, 26.ii.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal, (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can easily be distinguished from other Nephus species by pronotum bicolored with median part black and lateral areas brown, elytra yellowish brown with only basal and sutural lines black (Fig. 7a), and apex of penis with bifid tip (Fig. 7g).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.70–2.27 mm; TW: 1.04–1.41 mm; TH: 0.62–0.77 mm; EL/TW: 1.07–1.08; TL/TW: 1.61– 1.64; HW/PW: 0.62–0.68; PL/PW: 0.42–0.57.</p><p>Body elongate oval, weakly convex, dorsum with dense white pubescence (Fig. 7a); head, mouthparts, and antennae yellow (Fig. 7b); pronotum with median area black and lateral margins brown; elytra yellow with triangular black basal mark, and with basal and sutural lines black (Fig. 7a); antennae composed of 10 antennomeres (Fig. 7e); prosternal process without carinae (Fig. 7c); abdominal ventrite 1 with postcoxal line incomplete, expending toward lateral margin and slightly curved (Fig. 7e).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 7f–i): penis stout, penis capsule with long inner arm and short dilated outer one (Fig. 7f); apex of penis bifid, covered with membranous structure (Fig. 7g); tegmen with constricted base, widened at basal 1/3 then gradually converging to pointed apex in lateral view (Fig. 7h); penis guide parallel sided at base in inner view, then narrowing toward blunt apex (Fig. 7i); parameres slender and subequal to penis guide with sparse short setae on apical margins (Fig. 7h).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 7j). Coxites triangular and elongate, with styli; sperm duct membranous with uniform diameter, adjacent to the apical part of bursa, infundibulum absent; spermatheca vermiform with two distinct large tubular cornus, without clearly defined nodulus or ramus.</p><p>Prey. This species has been reported as a predator of Melanaphis donacis Passerini ( Hemiptera: Aphididae) (First record for this prey).</p><p>Associated plants. It is collected from the Poales: Poaceae: Arundo donax Linnaeus.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Nowshera. Punjab: Attock, Rawalpindi, and Murree (current study); India: Kolkata (Kapur 1967). A new species record for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. The examined specimens belong to a complex of very similar species (including N. levaillanti, N. patagiatus, N. tagiapatus) that has a convoluted history. Numerous authors have interpreted these species differently, and as for today, it is impossible to make any definite identification of Nephus from that species-group from the area of Pakistan. Nephus levaillanti (Mulsant, 1850) has been described from Sicily (Italy) and probably has a broad range of distribution. Specimens examined by Sasaji from Japan and identified as N. patagiatus (Lewis, 1896) are identical to those drawn by Canepari based on Sicilian specimens identified as N. levaillanti (Canepari, 2001) . Based on these descriptions, Kovář (2007) synonymized both species. Similar in terms of external coloration and structure of male and female genitalia is N. tagiapatus originally described by Kamiya (1965) from the Ishigaki Island (Ryukyus), near Taiwan (China), and subsequently reported from various regions in Asia including India and Chinese mainland (Poorani 2002; Ren et al. 2009). However, the examined specimens differ from both species in male and female genitalia. It is difficult to determine whether this variation is merely a local population difference or represents a distinct species. Kapur (1967) described a Nephus species from Calcutta (Kolkata) in India — Nephus roonwali —which was later synonymized with N. tagiapatus by Sasaji (1968b). However, Sasaji did not examine the types, and his decision was based solely on drawings published by Kapur (1967), which do not show all the details. Consequently, the specimens examined in this study are initially identified as N. roonwali Kapur, however, only a detailed revision of all types of the species mentioned above can solve this issue.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF637910B0B3FC9331497120	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF627913B0B3FA7136F47640.text	44104810CF627913B0B3FA7136F47640.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus similincludens Canepari 2003	<div><p>Nephus cf. similincludens Canepari, 2003</p><p>Figs 8a–j</p><p>Nephus similincludens Canepari, 2003: 262 .</p><p>Material examined. Pakistan, Punjab, Rawalpindi, PMAS– <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.081665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.64889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.081665/lat 33.64889)">Arid Agriculture University</a>, 33°38’56” N, 73°04’54” E, 501 m, 3♂♂, 4♀♀, 27.v.2015 , Murree, 22 Mill, 33°48’21” N, 73°16’90” E, 771 m, 5♂♂, 16♀♀, 12.x.2017, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR), 1♂, 2♀♀, 13.xi.2017, leg. I. Bodlah (PMAS – AAUR) . Gilgit–Baltistan, Gilgit, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.34556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.91028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.34556/lat 35.91028)">Jutial</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.34556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.91028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.34556/lat 35.91028)">Khomer</a>), 1♂, 1♀, 35°54’37” N, 74°20’44” E, 1473 m, 6.vii.2015 , <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.34361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.88889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.34361/lat 35.88889)">Jutial Nala</a>, 35°53’20” N, 74°20’37” E, 1815 m, 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 29.viii.2015 , 1♂, 2♀♀, 3.viii.2015, 2♂♂, 3♀♀, 30.viii.2015, leg. M. F. Nasir (PMAS – AAUR), 4♀♀, 3♂♂, 15.ix.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.42722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.875275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.42722/lat 35.875275)">Minawar</a>, 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 35°52’31” N, 74°25’38” E, 1508 m, 12.ix.2016, leg. Z. Iqbal (PMAS – AAUR) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to Nephus quartrimaculatus in general appearance but can easily be distinguished by abdominal postcoxal lines slightly recurved laterally (Fig. 8d), penis guide in lateral view almost sub-parallel sided, much narrower (Fig. 8h), while, in N. quartrimaculatus abdominal postcoxal lines are not recurved laterally (Fig. 5d), penis guide in lateral view with 2/5 of basal length projected, then narrowing toward apex (Fig. 5g).</p><p>Description. TL: 1.80–1.92 mm, TW: 1.29–1.37 mm, TH: 0.67–0.79 mm, HW: 0.53–0.58, TL/TW: 1.40, PL/ PW: 0.38–0.40; EL/EW: 1.01–1.03.</p><p>Body elongate oval, weakly convex, dorsum with dense white pubescence; head dark brown to black, antennae and mouth–parts dark brown (Fig. 8b); pronotum black; elytra black, with two pairs of reddish yellow spots on each elytron (Fig. 8a); antennae composed of 10 antennomeres (Fig. 8e); prosternal process without carinae (Fig. 8c); abdominal ventrite 1 with postcoxal line incomplete and slightly recurved laterally (Fig. 8d).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 8f–i). Penis stout and long, penis capsule with inner arm long and outer one short (Fig. 8f); apex of penis slightly curved and pointed, with short apical membranous flagellum-like appendage (Fig. 8g); tegmen stout with penis guide slightly projected at middle in lateral view and narrowing toward pointed tip (Fig. 8h); penis guide in inner view asymmetrical with blunt apical tip (Fig. 8i); parameres stout, slightly longer than penis guide, bearing long setae on apical margins (Fig. 8h).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 8j). Coxites triangular and elongate, with styli, sperm duct uniform and membranous, adjacent to apex of bursa, infundibulum absent; spermatheca vermiform with tubular cornu and without clearly defined nodulus or ramus, accessory gland present.</p><p>Prey. This species has been reported as a predator of Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Drosicha sp. ( Hemiptera: Margarodidae) (First record for these prey).</p><p>Associated plants. This species was collected from the Rosales: Moraceae: Morus alba Linnaeus, Morus nigra Linnaeus; Rosales: Elaeagnaceae: Hippophae rhamnoides Linnaeus; Rosales: Rosaceae: Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch, Malus pumila (Suckow) Borkh, Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus; Vitales: Vitaceae: Vitis vinifera Linnaeus.</p><p>Distribution. Pakistan: Punjab, Rawalpindi, Murree, Gilgit–Baltistan, Gilgit, Minawar, (current study); Nepal (Canepari 2003). New species record for Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. The male genitalia of the examined specimens appear to be very similar to Nephus similincludens as described by Canepari (2003) from Nepal. The male specimen illustrated by Canepari has the flagellum at the tip of the penis slightly shorter, and the middle part of the penis guide is more projected in lateral view, in addition the parameres, and the C-shaped markings on the elytra are slenderer. However, since Canepari’s illustrations were hand-drawn, and we have not examined the type of N. similincludens, it is unclear whether our examined specimens are variants of that species. This species requires further verification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF627913B0B3FA7136F47640	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
44104810CF617912B0B3F94630F573E8.text	44104810CF617912B0B3F94630F573E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephus Mulsant 1846	<div><p>Key to species of the genus Nephus from Pakistan</p><p>1. Elytra with single or two oval maculae on each elytron....................................................... 2</p><p>-. Elytra entirely or predominantly rufous without well-defined maculae........................................... 6</p><p>2. Elytron with a single macula in posterior part............................................................... 3</p><p>-. Elytron with two maculae, in anterior and posterior parts...................................................... 5</p><p>3. Elytral macula, yellowish, well defined, not touching posterior margin of elytron................................... 4</p><p>-. Elytral macula, dark reddish-brown, not well defined, touching posterior margin of elytron (Fig. 1a)................................................................................................... N. ancyroides Pang &amp; Pu</p><p>4. Pronotum with lateral sides reddish-brown, only discal area dark brown to black (Figs 2a–b), apex of penis with long flagellum (Fig. 2f)............................................................................ N. bielawskii (Fürsch)</p><p>-. Pronotum dark brown to black (Figs 4a–c), apex of penis without flagellum (Fig. 4g)............. N. eurypodus Yu &amp; Lau</p><p>5. Antennae composed of 11 antennomeres, abdominal postcoxal lines not recurved laterally (Fig. 5d), penis guide in lateral view very broad at basal half then narrowing toward apex (Fig. 5g), penis flagellum on inner margin (Fig. 5f)............................................................................................. N. quadrimaculatus (Herbst)</p><p>-. Antennae composed of 10 antennomeres (Fig. 8e), abdominal postcoxal lines slightly recurved laterally (Fig. 8f), penis guide almost sub-parallel sided, much narrower (Fig. 8h), penis with flagellum on outer apical margin (Fig. 8g).............................................................................................. N. similincludens Canepari</p><p>6. Pronotum unicolor, rufous or dark brown.................................................................. 7</p><p>-. Pronotum bicolor, rufous with dark brown to black macula at bases at base (Figs 7a–b)............... N. roonwali Kapur</p><p>7. Pronotum dark brown to black, elytra with discal area light brown and base, lateral margin, and apex dark (Figs 3a–b).................................................................................. N. caneparii Fürsch &amp; Uygun</p><p>-. Pronotum and elytra entirely rufous (Figs 6a–b)............................................. N. regularis (Sicard)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44104810CF617912B0B3F94630F573E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Iqbal, Zafar;Azad, Rashid;Szawaryn, Karol;Chen, Xiao-Sheng;Xu, Hai-Zhou;Li, Xin-Yi;Bodlah, Imran;Wunjuntuk, Kansuda;Nasir, Muhammad Farooq	Iqbal, Zafar, Azad, Rashid, Szawaryn, Karol, Chen, Xiao-Sheng, Xu, Hai-Zhou, Li, Xin-Yi, Bodlah, Imran, Wunjuntuk, Kansuda, Nasir, Muhammad Farooq (2025): A review of the genus Nephus Mulsant, 1846 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 367-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.4
