identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4B72878CFFFB7A281F8B4DA9835A0C00.text	4B72878CFFFB7A281F8B4DA9835A0C00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoperla bisaccata Li & Li 2025	<div><p>Cryptoperla bisaccata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1–2)</p><p>Adult habitus. Body color brown (Fig. 1). Biocellate (Fig. 1c). Head brown and hairy, with a large, dark brown elliptical medial area interrupted by M-line (Fig. 1c); compound eyes black (Fig. 1c); antennae and palpi brown (Fig. 1c). Pronotum dark brown, rectangular, with distinct, symmetrical brown rugosities and a brownish posteromedial area (Fig. 1a). Wing membrane brownish, veins brown (Fig. 1a–b); legs brown (Fig. 1a–b). Abdominal segments mostly pale brown to yellowish (Fig. 1b).</p><p>Male. Body length 6.4mm,forewing length 13.6mm, hindwing length 11.7mm (n=1).Tergum 10posteromedially with a triangular process, and rounded, hairy posterolateral portions (Fig. 2e). Basal cercal segment ca. 4.5 times longer than basal width (Figs. 2a, c), with sparse basal and dense apical fringe of long bristles along medial margin (Figs. 2a, c); apex of basal segment curved dorsad, swollen in lateral view, armed with a single stalk and dark brown spur extending to midlength of 5th cercomere with a sharp hook (Figs. 2c–d). Vesicle of sternum 9 small (Fig. 2b). Aedeagus membranous, basal half naked and trapezoidal in shape (Fig. 2f); basoventrally with a pair of lateral saclike protrusions and with a medial irregular swelling between a pair of raised lateral lobes (Fig. 2f); hairless between lobes (Figs. 2a–c).</p><p>Female, egg, and larva. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong City, Foping County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.9464&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.6914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.9464/lat 33.6914)">Liangfengya</a>, 1400 m, 33.6914° N, 107.9464° E, 2023.VII.13, leg. Weihai Li, Yao Zhang.</p><p>Distribution. China: Shaanxi Province, known only from the type locality in the Liangfengya of Foping county.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the saccular aedeagus (Fig. 2f). Latin “bi-” means two, and “saccatum” means saccular.</p><p>Remarks. Although the general morphological characteristics of Cryptoperla are similar across species, basal cercal segments and aedeagi can be easily distinguished. For C. bicornata Mo, Liu, Wang, Li &amp; Murányi, 2021, the spur is slightly curved outward with a sharp tip (see figs. 4d, 5a, 5d in Mo et al. 2021) and the aedeagus has a pair of lateral horn-like processes basoventrally (figs. 3c–f, Mo et al. 2021). On C. cunicidata Mo, Liu, Wang, Li &amp; Murányi, 2021, the spur arms include a sharp tip (figs. 3c–f in Mo et al. 2021) and the aedeagus is rabbit-shaped in ventral view (figs. 5a–d in Mo et al. 2021). Additionally, C. akha Stark, 1989, C. formosana (Okamoto, 1912), C. ishigakiensis (Kawai, 1968), and C. stilifera Sivec, 1995 each have a single, long, and straight spur of the basal cercal segment with a sharp tip (Mo et al. 2021; Stark &amp; Sivec 2007). Cryptoperla nangonshana Huo &amp; Du, 2018, distributed in Shaanxi Province, has several clusters of long and thick, anteriorly angled bristles on the inner edge of the neck section 1-6 (figs. 7–9 in Huo &amp; Du 2018). The new species C. bisaccata sp. nov. has a spur with a sharp hook (Figs. 2a, c–d) and saccular aedeagus (Figs. 2a–c, f), which is clearly different from other related species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B72878CFFFB7A281F8B4DA9835A0C00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Hanyu;Li, Weihai	Li, Hanyu, Li, Weihai (2025): A new species and new record of Cryptoperla Needham, 1980 (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5660 (2): 273-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.8
4B72878CFFF97A281F8B4F1C86CB0924.text	4B72878CFFF97A281F8B4F1C86CB0924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoperla pentagonalis Zwick & Sivec 1980	<div><p>Cryptoperla pentagonalis Zwick &amp; Sivec, 1980</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Cryptoperla pentagonalis Zwick &amp; Sivec, 1980: 109</p><p>Cryptoperla pentagonalis: Stark 1989: 238</p><p>Cryptoperla pentagonalis: Chen 2020: 585</p><p>Supplementary description. Male (Fig. 3). Body color dark brown (Figs. 3a–c). Body length 8.4 mm, forewing length 10.1 mm, hindwing length 8.9 mm (n=1). Sternum 9 rounded terminally, produced into a well-developed subgenital plate (Figs. 3d–f); vesicle present anteromedially, approximately as long as wide (Fig. 3e); two divergent arc lines extend to the posterior margin of vesicle, forming one median and two lateral areas (Fig. 3e). Basal cercal segment thin and long, ca. 5.3 X long as wide, inner margin with fringe of long setae, dorsal apex with a protuberance process (Figs. 3d–f). Tergum 10 with a posteromesal U-shaped sclerite; apex membranous (Fig. 3d). Aedeagus membranous, strongly ossified (Figs. 3d–e); apex divided into two petals with inner margins sclerotized, each basal petal with spines in ventral view (Fig. 3e); armature without dense, paired setal patches (Figs. 3d–e).</p><p>Material examined. Two males (HIST); China: Xizang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.181&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.2289" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.181/lat 29.2289)">Motuo county</a>, 29.2289° N, 95.1810° E, 1600 m, 2022.VIII.12, leg. Chuan Liu.</p><p>Remarks. There are two species of Cryptoperla distributed in the Himalayan region, C. pentagonalis and C. torva Needham, 1909 (Zwick 1977; Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980; Stark 1989). Cryptoperla pentagonalis differs from C. torva by the presence of a pentagonal sclerite on male tergum 10 with hairy areas and short cerci on nymphs (Uchida &amp; Isobe 1988). Cryptoperla pentagonalis is also similar to C. kumari Stark, 1989 from Assam, but the basal cercal segment of the former species is less than five times as long as the basal width, the aedeagus is armed with scattered fine setae, and the ventroapical aedeagal lobes are partially sclerotized (Stark &amp; Sivec 1999). In addition, the arrangement of setae of the male cerci of C. teana Li &amp; Murányi, 2018 is most similar to C. pentagonalis . But, their everted aedeagi appear different: C. teana has more complex lobes and surface structures (Li &amp; Murányi 2018). For C. pentagonalis, its aedeagus has four apical lobes, a wide midventral depression, and the surface is covered with variably sized fine setae (figs. 9–12 in Stark &amp; Sivec 1999).</p><p>In this study, we have discovered a new distributional record of C. pentagonalis from China (Motuo county, Xizang). Motuo is located along the lower Brahmaputra River at the southern slopes of Himalaya Mountains, which is a biodiversity hotspot of the Himalayas (Myers et al. 2000). Due to its unique geographical location and topographic conditions, Motuo has a tropical rainforest climate with suitable temperature and abundant rainfall. The favorable ecological environment has endowed Motuo with abundant biodiversity. Besides, local microenvironmental differences lead to genetic and phenotypic adaptive variation in organisms (Zhong et al. 2022; Jiang et al. 2023), and we need more samples to detect potential geographic-based population-level differences in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B72878CFFF97A281F8B4F1C86CB0924	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Hanyu;Li, Weihai	Li, Hanyu, Li, Weihai (2025): A new species and new record of Cryptoperla Needham, 1980 (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5660 (2): 273-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.2.8
