identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4A1587A4FFD62C197CAAB5C1FDCAFD15.text	4A1587A4FFD62C197CAAB5C1FDCAFD15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bonea Roewer 1914	<div><p>Bonea Roewer, 1914</p><p>• Bonea Roewer 1914: 87; Roewer 1923: 160; Suzuki 1982: 205; Zhang et al. 2013: 204.</p><p>[Type-species by monotypy: Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1913 .]</p><p>• Zmissolus Roewer 1927: 311 . [Junior subjective synonym of Bonea Roewer, 1914 by Suzuki (1977: 37). Type-species by monotypy: Zmissolus cippatus Roewer, 1927 .]</p><p>• Posisus Roewer 1949: 258 . [Junior subjective synonym of Bonea Roewer, 1914 by Suzuki (1977: 37). Type-species by original designation: Posisus albertus Roewer, 1949 .]</p><p>• Kappacola Roewer 1949: 260 . [Junior subjective synonym of Bonea Roewer, 1914 by Suzuki (1977: 37). Type-species by original designation: Kappacola silvestris Roewer, 1949 .]</p><p>• Suraplus Roewer 1949: 262 . [Junior subjective synonym of Bonea Roewer, 1914 by Suzuki (1977: 37). Type-species by original designation: Suraplus palpalis Roewer, 1949 .]</p><p>• Parabonea Roewer 1949: 262 . [Junior subjective synonym of Bonea Roewer, 1914 by Suzuki (1977: 37). Type-species by original designation: Parabonea scopulata Roewer, 1949 .]</p><p>• Nurullus Roewer 1949: 262 . [Junior subjective synonym of Bonea Roewer, 1914 by Suzuki (1977: 37). Type-species by original designation: Nurullus armatissimus Roewer, 1949 .]</p><p>Composition. The genus comprises 10 species (Kury et al. 2024) distributed across Borneo, Hainan Island, Java, the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, and Sulawesi. However, based on the current diagnosis, not all these species should be included in Bonea, highlighting the need for a taxonomic revision.</p><p>Emended diagnosis</p><p>This diagnosis is based on the type species of Bonea, because the pertinence of the others still needs to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Bonea sarasinorum belongs to the clade Podoctinae + Erecananinae based on: (1) the presence of a tower-like interocular mound, contrasting with Ibaloniinae, which typically lack such a feature, having either no interocular structure, only an interocular spine, or a less pronounced mound; and (2) femur I being S-shaped and armed with both a dorsal and a ventral row of numerous strong megaspines, whereas in Ibaloniinae, there are only a few ventral megaspines. Within the clade Podoctinae + Erecananinae, B. sarasinorum is more similar to Dongmoa and Erecanana based on: (1) the outline of the dorsal scutum in lateral view being thicker anteriorly (as opposed to elliptical in Podoctis, Baramia, and Hoplodino, or flattened in Metapodoctis and the reclinobunoids sensu Kury &amp; Machado 2018); and (2) the presence of cervical tubercular bridges (CEtb) connecting the tower to the posterior part of the carapace. Bonea sarasinorum is more similar to Dongmoa specifically due to the presence of TS1. Bonea sarasinorum differs from Dongmoa and Erecanana in the following ways: (1) the presence of an elongated rectangular cleft at the apical border of the truncus penis, splitting it into two valves; and (2) a very small proximal capsula interna, buried between the valves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A1587A4FFD62C197CAAB5C1FDCAFD15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Machado, Glauco	Kury, Adriano B., Machado, Glauco (2025): Redescription of Bonea sarasinorum from Sulawesi, and the relationships of Bonea within Podoctinae (Opiliones, Grassatores, Podoctidae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 133-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.9
4A1587A4FFD72C107CAAB3F5FAC6FE49.text	4A1587A4FFD72C107CAAB3F5FAC6FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bonea sarasinorum Roewer 1914	<div><p>Bonea sarasinorum Roewer, 1914</p><p>(Figs 1–6)</p><p>• Bonea sarasinorum Roewer 1914: 88, figs 7–8.</p><p>Bonea sarasinorum — Roewer 1923: 160, figs 176–177; Zhang et al. 2013: 205, figs 5–15.</p><p>Types: Holotype female [wrongly reported as a male in the original description and also in Roewer 1923] (NMB 20a, not examined) . A detailed account and a redescription of the holotype can be found in Zhang et al. (2013).</p><p>Other material examined: 1 ♂ 5 ♀ (MNRJ 9258 not destroyed in the 2018 fire), Indonesia, Sulawesi, Taman Nasional Nani Warta Bone (0.517593°,123.076131°, alt.: 227 m), 20/07/2016, A Giupponi &amp; A Kury leg.</p><p>Redescription (♂ MNRJ 9258). Measurements: carapace length = 1.25 mm, carapace width = 1.88 mm, abdominal scutum length = 1.69 mm, abdominal scutum width = 2.40 mm.</p><p>Dorsum (Figs. 2a–c, 3a–b). Dorsal scutum (DS) outline type zeta. Setiferous tubercles of body bearing spatulate setae. Carapace and mesotergum boundaries well-defined by clear grooves, all covered by thick, densely packed mesotergal tubercular bridges (Mtb). Mesotergum divided into four clearly marked areas. Area I with parallel grooves that gradually become increasingly convex (retroverse) posteriorly towards area V. Carapace long, bearing a large interocular mound connected to it by robust, raised cervical tubercular bridges (CEtb). Interocular mound tower (IMt) marginal, tall, and flat anteriorly, armed with a strong terminal interocular mound spear (IMs) and one similar tower spike (TS1). Tower entirely covered, except on the frontal surface, with strong setiferous tubercles. IMt connected to the frontal margin of the carapace by a pair of stout lacrimal tubercular bridges (Ltb). Lateral border of the DS along its entire length bearing a single, well-marked longitudinal row of setiferous tubercles, transitioning to scattered tubercles on the carapace.A few isolated tubercles present more externally. Frontal margin of the carapace armed with 4 robust spiniform setiferous tubercles, with an additional tubercle on the antero-lateral margin. Carapace and all scutal areas bear a transverse row of a few setiferous tubercles. Carapace and scutal areas I to IV (mesotergum) each armed with a pair of stout paramedian spiniform apophyses. Scutal area V armed with five such spines, arranged in the pattern IiIiI. Free tergites I–III each with a transverse row of strong setiferous tubercles. Anal operculum densely covered with coarse setiferous tubercles.</p><p>Venter (Figs. 2d–e). Coxae (Cx) I–IV slanted, radiating from the sternum. Cx I smaller than the others, with Cx IV slightly longer than Cx II and III. All coxae densely covered with coarse setiferous tubercles. Genital operculum plectrum-shaped, bearing an anterior rim of 8 elongate setiferous tubercles, otherwise glossy and unarmed. Stigmatic area short, subtriangular, with concave sides, covered similarly to the coxae and separated from free sternite 2 by a deep groove. Tracheal spiracles indistinct. Free sternites 3–6 thin, each bearing a row of small setiferous tubercles. Free sternites 7–8 longer than the others, separated by a deep groove and bearing two rows of setiferous tubercles each.</p><p>Chelicera (Figs. 4a–b). Basichelicerite elongated, lacking distinct rows of strong teeth, bearing only minor ectal teeth and a large, robust conical apophysis. Bulla attenuated but clearly discernible. Cheliceral hand features two parallel frontal rows of 4 teeth. Digits form an angle with the hand. Dentition weak.</p><p>Pedipalpus (Fig. 4c). Trochanter with two ventral megaspines. Femur cylindrical, slightly bent in the distal fifth, with a row of 6 evenly spaced ventral megaspines (absent on the bent portion) and one meso-distal megaspine. Patella with 2 mesal and 1 ectal megaspines. Tibia and tarsus each with 3 mesal and 3 ectal megaspines.</p><p>Legs (Fig. 4d). Coxa and trochanter of legs I–IV with numerous prolateral setiferous tubercles; coxa and trochanter IV additionally with dorsal ones. Trochanter of leg I with two ventral megaspines. All other segments of legs II–IV straight, unarmed. Femur lengths: leg I: 1.8 mm; leg II: 4.8 mm; leg III: 3.2 mm; leg IV: 3.5 mm. Femur I S-shaped, with two rows of megaspines (one dorsal, one ventral). Patella I with single ventro-distal megaspine. Tibia I with a ventral row of five megaspines, pattern iIiIi. Metatarsus I unarmed. Tarsus III and IV with sparse scopula. Tarsal counts: 3(2):4(2):5:5.</p><p>Color (in vivo). Body and appendage background color grayish violet (Centroid 215), mottled with lighter patches of grayish pink (Centroid 8) on the carapace near the ozopore, along a median longitudinal scutal stripe, across scutal area II, on the pedipalp as two rings, on femora and tibiae I–IV as basal and subdistal rings, and on metatarsus IV as a subbasal ring.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 5a–c, 6a–g). Truncus slender, thickened on the distal half. Distal portion features a deep parabolic cleft, forming a pair of valves, each composed of a straight shaft and a bulbous distal section. The setiferous region of the penis is defined as two lateral plates, with macrosetae all moderately long and clustered near the bulb of the valves, arranged in a recognizable AE11 pattern. Macrosetae A1–A3 and B form an irregular proximal row, while C1–C3 form a triangular arrangement just distal to them. Macrosetae D not detected. Macrosetae E1–E2 are extremely reduced, inserted into pits, and form a rectangular configuration ventrally near the base of the bulb. Follis (Martens’ 1987 “Lamellensack”) poorly developed, buried amidst the valves. Stylus greatly elongated, extending beyond the truncus length in situ. No evidence of independent clasps (Martens’ 1987 “Spangen”), which may possibly have fused with the stylus. The capsula externa forms a poorly defined follis that contains a spongy body composed of erectile tissue (Martens’ 1987 “Schwellkörper”). The stylus is simple, without accessory sclerites.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A1587A4FFD72C107CAAB3F5FAC6FE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kury, Adriano B.;Machado, Glauco	Kury, Adriano B., Machado, Glauco (2025): Redescription of Bonea sarasinorum from Sulawesi, and the relationships of Bonea within Podoctinae (Opiliones, Grassatores, Podoctidae). Zootaxa 5659 (1): 133-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.9
