identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5468878463395F22FF0DFDB8F3B684EB.text	5468878463395F22FF0DFDB8F3B684EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus Brundin 1956	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus Brundin, 1956</p>
            <p>Generic diagnosis. As diagnosed by Thienemann &amp; Harnisch (1932) and Saether (1980b) with the following additions and corrections:</p>
            <p>Imago. Adult with varying colored haltere, pale to dark; tergites with 2 or more lateral setae, tergite I with anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in parallel diagonal rows, tergites II–VIII with anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two or more parallel or slightly diagonal rows; sternites III–VIII with two or more parallel or slightly diagonal rows of basal and marginal setae; adult male gonostylus with conspicuous to inconspicuous preapical crista dorsalis.</p>
            <p>Larva. Premandible with mesal spiny projection.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463395F22FF0DFDB8F3B684EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463395F24FF0DFC68F3FE8019.text	5468878463395F24FF0DFC68F3FE8019.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus sturae Namayandeh & Ghaderi 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus sturae sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EBAD787F-6A8A-46E1-A8CD-79CDCABE509A</p>
            <p>Figs. 1–2 &amp; 7G</p>
            <p> Type material.   Holotype: 1 Male; Norway,  Trøndelag , Trondheim, Sommerlystvegen, 75 moh, Malaise trap, 63.405˚N, 10.383˚E; 03.viii.2014; leg. E.Stur &amp; T. Ekrem; det. A. Namayandeh; No. NTNU-VM 182763; BOLD ID: BIOUG16260 -E10. 1; dep. NTNU  .   Paratype: 1 male Norway,  Trøndelag , Trondheim, Sommerlystvegen, 75 moh, Malaise trap, 63.405˚N, 10.383˚E; 17.viii.2014; leg. E. Stur &amp; T  .   Ekrem ; det. Armin Namayandeh; No. NTNU-VM 182765, BOLD  ID: BIOUG16480 -E12. 1 Female same as holotype except 17.viii.2014; NTNU-VM 182764; BOLD ID: BIOUG16479 -D02; dep. NTNU. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The new species is named in honor of Dr. Elisabeth Stur of NTNU, Norway, who collected the type specimens and made this study possible.</p>
            <p> Diagnostic characters. The adults of  P. sturae can be separated from the closely related species by the combination of the following characteristics: Adult male with costa extension 61–66 μm long; tergite I–VI with 4 lateral setae, tergite I anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 4 diagonal rows in 2/1/1/3 format, tergites VII–VIII with 3 lateral setae; anal point triangular with sharp apex, 21–29, 25 μm long; inferior volsella, a large lobe slightly curved, located at the mid-section of gonocoxite; gonostylus with conspicuous preapical crista dorsalis. Female squama with 9 setae, costa extension 86 μm long, tergite I with 4 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 4 diagonal rows in 2/1/1/4 format, tergites II–VIII with 3 lateral setae; notum 90 µm long. Adults with tergites II–VIII with anterior basal setae and posterior marginal setae in two parallel rows. </p>
            <p>Description. Male (n = 2, unless otherwise stated).</p>
            <p>Total length 2.1–2.4, 2.2 mm. Wing length 1.3–1.4 mm. Haltere 242 μm long (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Coloration. Head and thorax dark brown. Haltere brown. Wing greyish, light. Legs light brown. Abdominal tergites brown; sternites whitish grey.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 1A). Antenna Missing. Eyes hairy, without dorsomedial extension. Coronal setae 4. Temporal setae 4, including 2 frontals and 2 outer verticals (n = 1). Tentorium narrow with tentorial pit close to apex (Fig. 1A), tentorium 139–151, 145 μm long. Clypeus rectangular, 79–83, 81 μm long and 123–134, 128 μm wide, bearing 14 setae, setae 59–74, 66 μm long. Palpal segments lengths (in μm): 68–70, 69; 44–52, 48; 77–84, 80; 101–117, 109; 125–160, 142.</p>
            <p>Thorax (Fig. 1B). Acrostichals 12; dorsocentrals 7; prealars 3; scutellars 7 in single row. Antepronotal lobes developed, with small gap and bearing 4–11, 8 setae.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 1C). Brachiolum with 1 seta. Squama with 8–9 setae. R with 5–7 setae, other veins bare. Costa extension 61–66, 63 μm long. Anal lobe rounded. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 1000 x magnification.</p>
            <p>Legs. Hind and mid femurs with keel. Pulvilli developed. Foreleg and hid tarsal 5 th segment missing, mid tibia spurs 16–17, 17 and 13 μm long, hind tibia spurs 34–35 and 16–18, 17 μm long, hind tibia comb with around 10–12 spines. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7G). Tergite I with 4 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 4 diagonal rows in 2/1/1/3 format. Tergites II–VI with 4 lateral setae. Tergites VII–VIII with 3 lateral setae. Tergites II–VIII with anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel rows.</p>
            <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 1D). Anal point triangular with sharp apex, 21–29, 25 μm long and 12–17, 15 μm wide. Transverse sternapodeme 66–67 μm long. Phallapodeme 36–41, 38 μm long. Inferior volsella, a large lobe slightly curved, located at the mid-section of gonocoxite. Gonocoxite 116–137, 126 μm long. Gonostylus 74 μm long, with conspicuous preapical crista dorsalis; megaseta 10–11 μm long. HR 1.6–1.9, 1.7, HV 2.8–3.3, 3.0.</p>
            <p>Female (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Total length 3.4 mm. Wing length 1.2 mm, wing width 0.50 mm. Haltere 243 μm long.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Head, including antenna and thorax dark brown. Haltere brown. Wing greyish, light. Legs light brown. abdominal tergites brown; sternites whitish grey.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 2A). Antennal segments 1– 3 (in μm): 58, 38, 38; other segments missing. Eyes hairy. Temporal setae 5, including 2 frontals, 1 orbitals, and 2 outer verticals. Tentorium 123 μm long. Clypeus rectangular 80 μm long and 128 μm wide, bearing 12 setae, setae 51–63, 57 μm long. Palpal segments lengths (in μm): 51, 46, 75, 105, 183.</p>
            <p>Thorax (Fig. 2B). Acrostichals 2 visible. Dorsocentrals 12; prealars 3; scutellars 9 in single row. Antepronotal lobes bearing 3 setae.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 2C). Brachiolum with 1 seta. Squama with 9 setae. R with 8 setae, R 1 with 8 setae, other veins bare. Costa extension 86 μm long. Anal lobe rounded. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 1000 x magnification.</p>
            <p>Legs. Foreleg and hind tarsus missing. Hind and mid femurs with keel. Pulvilli developed. Mid tibia spurs 17 and 14 μm long, hind tibia spurs 32 and 14 μm long, hind tibia comb with around 8 spines. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 2D). Tergite I with 4 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 4 diagonal rows in 2/1/1/4 format. Tergites II–VIII with 3 lateral setae. Tergites II–VIII with anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel rows.</p>
            <p>Genitalia (Fig. 2E–F). Seminal capsules small, oval-shaped, 60 and 67 µm long, 41 and 38 µm wide; the spermathecal duct not visible in this specimen. Notum 90 µm long, notum and ramus 154 µm long. Gonapophysis VIII divided into larger ventrolateral covering a narrower dorsomesal lobes (Fig. 2E). Apodeme lobe visible, triangular (Fig. 2E). Gonocoxite well-attached to tergite IX with only 1 seta (Fig. 2F). Tergite IX undivided, bearing 8 setae (Fig. 2F). Cercus pediform 84 µm long and 44 µm wide.</p>
            <p>Immatures. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Germany, Norway.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463395F24FF0DFC68F3FE8019	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
54688784633E5F27FF0DFA94F384847E.text	54688784633E5F27FF0DFA94F384847E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus torbjorni Namayandeh & Ghaderi 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus torbjorni sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EC4B0476-4E78-478E-AAB4-6574B9FAAD98</p>
            <p>Figs. 3 &amp; 7J</p>
            <p> Type material.   Holotype:  Male , Norway,  Trøndelag , Trondheim, Sommerlystvegen, 75 moh, Malaise trap, 63.405˚N, 10.383˚E; 03.viii.2014; leg. E. Stur &amp; T. Ekrem, det. E. Stur 2018; No. NTNU-VM 182902, BOLD ID: BIOUG16259 -C09; dep. NTNU. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The new species is named in honor of Dr. Torbjørn Ekrem of NTNU, Norway, who collected the type specimen.</p>
            <p> Diagnostic characters. The adult male of  P. torbjornii can be separated from the closely related species by the combination of the following characteristics: Costa extension 40 μm long; tergite I with 2 lateral setae, median setae arranged in 2 diagonal rows, row 1 with single seta, row 2 with 3 setae, tergites II–VI with 2 lateral setae and tergites VII–VIII with 3 lateral setae, median setae in two parallel rows, tergites II–VIII median rows of setae straight; anal point short and bare; gonostylus with large preapical crista dorsalis. </p>
            <p>Description. Male (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Total length 2.1 mm. Wing length 1.3 mm. Haltere 259 μm long.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Head, dark brown. Haltere brown. Wing greyish. Legs light brown. abdominal tergites brown; sternites whitish grey.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 3A). Antenna missing. Eyes hairy, without dorsomedial extension, temporal setae 2 frontals. Tentorium tentorium 167 μm long. Clypeus rectangular, 79 μm long and 119 μm wide, bearing 12 setae, setae 41–54, 47 μm long. Palpal segments lengths (in μm): 54, 51, 71, 104, 142.</p>
            <p>Thorax (Fig. 3B). Acrostichals 2 visible; dorsocentrals 7; prealars 3; scutellars 6 in single row. Antepronotal lobes developed, with small gap and bearing 2 setae.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 3C). Brachiolum with 1 seta. Squama with 6 setae. R with 3 setae, other veins bare. Costa extension 40 μm long. Anal lobe rounded. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 1000 x magnification.</p>
            <p>Legs. Hind and mid femurs with keel. Pulvilli developed. Fore tibia spur 25 μm long, mid tibia spurs 15 and 14 μm long, hind tibia spurs 28 and 16 μm long; hind tibia comb with around 10 spines. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 3.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7J). Tergites I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 2 diagonal rows in 3/3 format. Tergites II–VIII with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel rows. The majority of setae in rows are in close pairs.</p>
            <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 3D). Tergite IX apically with around 2 setae close to anal point. Anal point 13 μm long and 8 μm wide, no lateral setae is detectable on this specimen. Transverse sternapodeme 73 μm long. Phallapodeme 44 μm long. Inferior volsella, a large lobe slightly curved, located at the mid-section of gonocoxite. Gonocoxite 132 μm long. Gonostylus with conspicuous preapical crista dorsalis; gonostylus 66 μm long; megaseta 10 μm long. HR 2.0, HV 3.1.</p>
            <p>Female and immatures. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Norway, Romania.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54688784633E5F27FF0DFA94F384847E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
54688784633C5F29FF0DFCE5F3368448.text	54688784633C5F29FF0DFCE5F3368448.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer 1913) sensu Saether 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) sensu Saether (1980)</p>
            <p>Figs. 4 &amp; 7E</p>
            <p> Material examined.   1 Male; Norway,  Stor-Elvdal Silbakken , Malaisefelle, 380 m; 61.74614˚N, 10.74618˚E; 30.vi-07.vii.2008; leg. T.  Hoffstad ; det. E. Stur, 2015; No. AT 572; dep. NTNU  .   1 Male; Norway,  Trøndelag ,  Trondheim , Sommerlystvegen, 75 Moh, Malaise trap; 63.405˚N, 10.383˚E; 17.viii.2014; leg. E.Stur &amp; T.  Ekrem ; det. E. Stur; NTNU-VM 182621; BOLD ID: BIOUG16478 -D12; dep. NTNU.   1 Female; Norway,  Trøndelag ,  Trondheim , Sommerlystvegen, 75 Moh, Malaise trap; 63.405˚N, 10.383˚E; 20.vii.2014; leg. E.Stur &amp; T.  Ekrem ; det. E. Stur; NTNU-VM 182620; BOLD ID: BIOUG15947 -C12; dep. NTNU. </p>
            <p> Diagnostic characters. The adult male of  P. niger can be separated from the closely related species by the combination of the following characteristics: AR 0.51–0.73; Haltere brown, 255–256 μm long; wing with costa extension 41–54 μm long; tergites I–VIII with 3 lateral setae; tergite I anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 3 diagonal rows; tergites II – V anterior basal setae and posterior marginal setae in two diagonal rows; tergites VI – VII anterior basal setae and posterior marginal setae in straight rows; tergite VIII with 1 row of basal setae and 2 rows of marginal setae; anal point 32–55 μm long; inferior volsella a large lobe slightly curved; gonostylus with large preapical crista dorsalis; anal point bearing 8 lateral setae. </p>
            <p>Redescription. Male (n = 2, unless otherwise stated).</p>
            <p>Total length 2.1–2.4, 2.3 mm. Wing length 1.3–1.4 mm. Haltere 255–256 μm long.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Head, including antenna and thorax, dark brown. Haltere brown. Wing greyish, pale. Legs light brown. Abdominal tergites brown, sternites whitish grey.</p>
            <p>Head. Antenna with 13 flagellomere, last flagellomere with 11 sensilla chaetica (Fig. 4A), 2 nd –3 rd segments each with 2 sensilla chaetica, groove starts at 4 th segment, AR 0.67. Eyes hairy, without dorsomedial extension, temporal setae 4, including 2 frontals and 2 postoculars (n = 1). Tentorium narrow with tentorial pit close to the apex, tentorium 152–156, 154 μm long. Clypeus rectangular, 64–78, 71 μm long and 91–111, 101 μm wide, bearing 7–12, 10 setae, setae 73–84 μm long. Palpal segments lengths (in μm): 56–60, 58; 51; 68–75, 72; 108–112, 110; 141.</p>
            <p>Thorax (Figs. 4B). Acrostichals 9; dorsocentrals 8; prealars 3; scutellars 7 in single row. Antepronotal lobes developed, with small gap and bearing 5 setae.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 4C). Brachiolum with 1 seta. Squama with 6–12, 9 setae. R with 4–6, 5 setae, other veins bare. Costa extension 41–54, 47 μm long. Anal lobe rounded. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 1000 x magnification.</p>
            <p>Legs. Hind and mid femurs with keel. Pulvilli developed. Fore tibia spur 37–41, 39 μm long, mid tibia spurs 16–17 and 15–17 μm long, hind tibia spurs 36–38, 37 and 19 μm long, hind tibia comb with 12 spines. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 4.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Figs. 4D, 7E). Tergite I with 3 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 3 diagonal rows in 2–3/2/3 format. Tergites II–VIII with 3 lateral setae. Tergites II–V anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two diagonal rows. Tergites VI–VII anterior basal setae and posterior marginal setae in straight rows. Tergite VIII with 1 row of basal setae and 2 rows of marginal setae.</p>
            <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 4E). Anal point triangular with sharp apex, bearing 8 lateral setae, 32–55, 44 μm long and 13–19, 16 μm wide. Sternapodeme widely arched with well-reduced oral projections; sternapodeme 65–76, 71 μm long. Phallapodeme 40–54, 47 μm long. Inferior volsella, a large lobe slightly curved, located at the mid-section of gonocoxite. Gonocoxite 160–171, 166 μm long. Gonostylus with large preapical crista dorsalis; gonostylus 78–85, 81 μm long; megaseta 12 μm long. HR 1.9–2.2, 2.0, HV 2.5–3.0, 2.8.</p>
            <p>Female (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Description. As described by Saether 1980 with the following additions:</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergites setation (Fig. 4F). Same as male.</p>
            <p>Immatures. Pupa and larva as described by Saether (1980b) and Ghaderi et al. (2023).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Widespread.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54688784633C5F29FF0DFCE5F3368448	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463325F2BFF0DFC07F4DA8510.text	5468878463325F2BFF0DFC07F4DA8510.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin 1947) sensu Saether 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980)</p>
            <p>Figs. 5 &amp; 7K</p>
            <p> Material examined.   1 Male; Norway, ST, Roros kommune  Sorlende Kildebekk A-2; 62.68993˚N, 11.83209˚E; 11–22.vi.2006; leg. O. Hanssen; det. E. Stur, 2008; SO107; dep. NTNU  .   1 Male; Norway, Sør-Trøndelag, Røros:  Slendet , kilde B-1, 786 moh, 62.6889˚N, 11.8316˚E; 11–22.vi.2006; leg. O. Hanssen; det. E. Stur, 2009; SOE287; dep. NTNU  .  3 Males; same except, 13.vi.–02.vii.2007; leg. O. Frengen; SOE187, SOE188, SOE189; dep. NTNU .   1 Male; Norway, ST, Brekken kommune Sølende,  Kilde A-1; 19–30.vii.2005; leg. Aagaard et al.; det. E. Stur, 2008; SO22; dep. NTNU  . </p>
            <p> Diagnostic characters. The adult male of  P. uliginosus can be separated from the closely related species by the combination of the following characteristics: AR 0.46–0.56; Halteres whitish, 224–240 μm long; wing with extended costa, 82–97 μm long; tergite I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 2 diagonal rows, with a single basal seta in row 1, and three marginal setae in row 2, tergites II – VI with 2 lateral setae and tergites VII-VIII with 3 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel-straight rows; anal point triangular with sharp apex, 19–26 μm long; inferior volsella a large lobe slightly curved; gonostylus with conspicuous preapical crista dorsalis. </p>
            <p>Redescription. Male (n = 6, unless otherwise stated).</p>
            <p>Total length 2.0–2.3, 2.2 mm. Wing length 1.3–1.5, 1.4 mm. Haltere 224–240, 234 μm long.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Head, including antenna and thorax dark brown. Halteres whitish. Wing greyish, light. Legs light brown. Abdominal tergites brown, with the posterior half of tergites VI and VII whitish; sternites whitish grey.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 5 A-B). Antenna with 13 flagellomere, last flagellomere with 8–10, 9 sensilla chaetica (Fig. 5A), 2 nd –3 rd segments each with 2 sensilla chaetica, groove starts at 4 th segment, AR 0.46–0.56, 0.51. Eyes hairy, without dorsomedial extension, temporal setae 6, including 3 frontals and 3 postoculars (n = 3). Tentorium narrow with tentorial pit close the to apex (Fig. 5B), tentorium 122–144, 133 μm long. Clypeus rectangular, 62–74, 67 μm long and 78–119, 91 μm wide, bearing 8–11, 9 setae, 45–71, 62 μm long (n = 4). Palpal segments length (in μm): 45–58, 51, 43–55, 47; 63–74, 69; 90–101, 97; 146–167, 157 (n = 5).</p>
            <p>Thorax (Figs. 5C). Acrostichals 12–14; dorsocentrals 8; prealars 3; scutellars 7 in single row. Antepronotal lobes developed, with small gap and bearing 3 setae.</p>
            <p>Wing (Fig. 5D). Brachiolum with 1 seta. Squama with 3–5, 4 setae. R with 2–3 setae, other veins bare. Costa extended, extension 82–97, 86 μm long. Anal lobe rounded. Microtrichia only visible at&gt; 1000 x magnification.</p>
            <p>Legs. Hind and mid femurs with keel. Pulvilli small. Fore tibia spur 33–42, 36 μm long, mid tibia spurs 12–16, 14 and 12–15, 13 μm long, hind tibia spurs 34–37, 36 and 11–14, 13 μm long, hind tibia comb with around 10–13, 12 spines. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 5.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Figs. 5E &amp; 7K). Tergites I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 2 diagonal rows in 1/3 format. Tergites II–VI with 2 lateral setae and tergites VII–VIII with 3 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel-straight rows.</p>
            <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 5F). Anal point triangular with sharp apex, 19–26, 22 μm long and 7–17, 13 μm wide. Sternapodeme widely arched with well-reduced oral projections; sternapodeme 63–73, 69 μm long. Phallapodeme 30–41, 35 μm long. Inferior volsella, a large lobe, slightly curved, located at the mid-section of gonocoxite. Gonocoxite 123–157, 141 μm long. Gonostylus with large preapical crista dorsalis; gonostylus 66–71, 69 μm long; megaseta 6–9, 7 μm long. HR 1.8–2.4, 2.1, HV 2.9–3.4, 3.2.</p>
            <p>Female and immatures. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Romania, Russia (Kaliningrad), Spain, Sweden.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463325F2BFF0DFC07F4DA8510	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463305F2BFF0DFD48F35E83E6.text	5468878463305F2BFF0DFD48F35E83E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus davoodi Ghaderi, Namayandeh, Ibrahimi & Mohammadi 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus davoodi Ghaderi, Namayandeh, Ibrahimi &amp; Mohammadi, 2023</p>
            <p>Fig. 7A</p>
            <p>
                 Material examined.   3 Males; 28.vii.2021; Iran, W. Azerbaijan, Sardasht Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.492043/lat 36.09783)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.492043&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.09783">Little Zab</a>
                 tributary, Shalmash Falls; 36° 5’52.20”N 45°29’31.35”E; leg. Halil Ibrahimi; dep. AN  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description. The adult male as described by Ghaderi et al. (2023) with the following additions:</p>
            <p>(n = 3). Haltere 204 μm long</p>
            <p>Color. Haltere whitish.</p>
            <p>Wing. Costa extension 22 μm long.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Figs. 7A). Tergites I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 3 diagonal rows in 2/2/1 format. Tergites II–VIII with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel-straight rows.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Iran.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463305F2BFF0DFD48F35E83E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463305F2CFF0DFB6CF57481E5.text	5468878463305F2CFF0DFB6CF57481E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus glaber Saether 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus glaber Saether, 1980</p>
            <p>Figs. 6 &amp; 7B</p>
            <p> Material examined.   1 male, 3 pharate males, 2 pupae; USA, South Carolina, Oconee Co; seepage area, granite outcrop, Jocassee Overlook,  Hwy 413, 17.iv.1977; leg. P. L. Hudson; dep. PLH  . </p>
            <p>Description. The adult male as described by Saether (1980b) with the following additions and corrections:</p>
            <p>Male (n = 4, unless otherwise stated).</p>
            <p>Total length 2.7–2.8 mm. Wing length 1.6 mm, wing width 0.5 mm (n = 1). Haltere 281 μm long (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Coloration. Haltere brown.</p>
            <p>Head (Fig. 6 A-B). AR 0.70–0.95; last flagellomere with 8 sensilla chaetica (n = 1). Temporal setae 3, including 2 inner verticals and 1 frontal (n = 1). Tentorium 207 μm long (n = 1). Clypeus 72 μm long and 135 μm wide bearing 12 setae, setae 78–86, 82 μm long (n = 1). Palpal segments length (in μm): 69, 44, 74, 97, 147 (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Thorax (n = 1; Figs. 6C). Prealars 3, scutellars 6.</p>
            <p>Wing (n = 1; Figs. 6D). R with 6 setae. Costa extension 54 μm long.</p>
            <p>Legs (n = 1). Hind and mid femurs with keel. Fore tibia spur 43 μm long, mid tibia spurs 20 and 16 μm long, hind tibia spurs 50 and 17 μm long, hind tibia comb with around 14 spines. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 6.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7B). Tergites I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 4 diagonal rows in 1/1/3/1 format. Tergites II–VIII with 4 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel, slightly diagonal rows.</p>
            <p>Hypopygium (Fig. 6E). Anal point 23–31, 27 μm long and 15–24, 19 μm wide at the base. HV 3.6 (n = 1). Gonostylus with conspicuous preapical crista dorsalis.</p>
            <p>Female. As described by Saether, 1980.</p>
            <p>Pupa (n = 5). As described by Saether (1980b) with the following addition: Thoracic horn 100–135 μm long and 25–42 μm wide (Fig. 6F).</p>
            <p>Larva. As described by Saether (1980b).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolinas).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463305F2CFF0DFB6CF57481E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463375F2CFF0DF962F38280C5.text	5468878463375F2CFF0DF962F38280C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus insulatus (Bhattacharyay & Chaudhuri 1988)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus insulatus (Bhattacharyay &amp; Chaudhuri, 1988)</p>
            <p>Description. The adult male as described by Bhattacharyay &amp; Chaudhuri (1988) with the following additions: Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7C). Tergites I missing. Tergites II, V–VII with 5 lateral setae. Tergites III–IV with 6 latrela setae. Anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in four parallel rows. Distribution. Orientals: India (West Bengal).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463375F2CFF0DF962F38280C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463355F2EFF0DFF13F3C18510.text	5468878463355F2EFF0DFF13F3C18510.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus mozleyi Steiner 1983	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus mozleyi Steiner, 1983</p>
            <p> Material examined.   Holotype:  Pharate male and pupal skin (recovered from salamander gut), USA, Georgia; Lumpkin Co.; vertical rock seep 4.2 km northeast of  Stonepile Gap crossroads on north side of State Route 60; elev. 781 m; leg. J.W. Steiner, 26.x.1981; dep. USNM  . Paratypes: reared pharate male with cast pupal and larval skins, one pupal skin, one partial pupal skin, two 4 th instar larvae, one 4 th instar larval head (recovered from salamander gut), one 3 rd instar larva, same as holotype. </p>
            <p>Description. Adult male as described by Steiner (1983) with the following additions:</p>
            <p>Thorax. Achrostichals 9.</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7D). Tergites I with two lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in 2 diagonal rows in 2/1 format. Tergites II–VIII with 3 lateral setae. Anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal on tergites II and IV in three rows and on tergites III and V in two rows.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Nearctic: USA (Georgia).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463355F2EFF0DFF13F3C18510	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463355F2EFF0DFD2BF25E8324.text	5468878463355F2EFF0DFD2BF25E8324.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus spinicornis Hazra & Chaudhuri 2002	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus spinicornis Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri, 2002</p>
            <p> Material examined.   Holotype: Male with Lex and  Pex [reared], India, Sikkim,  Tadong , (  Type no. B.U. Ent. 240); 06.iv.1996; leg. N. Hazra.   Paratypes: 1 male with Lex and  Pex [reared], same as holotype  ;   3 males [reared], India, Sikkim,  Jorethang ; 10.xi.1996; leg. N. Hazra  ;   2 males with Lex and Pex [reared], India, West Bengal,  Teestabazar , 08.xi.1996; leg. N. Hazra  ;   1 male with Lex and Pex [reared], India, West Bengal,  Tiger Hill ; 10.xi.1997; leg. N. Hazra. </p>
            <p>Description. The adult male as described by Hazra et al. (2002) with the following additions:</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7F). Tergite I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 3 diagonal rows in 3/3/1 format. Tergites II-VIII with 3 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel-straight rows, with a gap in mid-tergite III–V.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Oriental: India (Sikkim, West Bengal).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463355F2EFF0DFD2BF25E8324	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463355F2EFF0DFB23F3BC82CC.text	5468878463355F2EFF0DFB23F3BC82CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus tamabrevis (Sasa 1983)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus tamabrevis (Sasa, 1983)</p>
            <p>Description. The adult male as described by Sasa (1983), Nitsuma (1990), and Sasa &amp; Okazawa (1992) with the following additions:</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergites setation (Fig. 7H). Tergite I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 3 diagonal rows in 3/3/1 format. Tergites II-VIII with 3 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two parallel-straight rows, with a gap in mid-tergite III–V.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Japan, Russia (Far East).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463355F2EFF0DFB23F3BC82CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
5468878463355F30FF0DF98BF089827C.text	5468878463355F30FF0DF98BF089827C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus togakuroasi (Sasa & Okazawa 1992)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracricotopus togakuroasi (Sasa &amp; Okazawa, 1992)</p>
            <p>Description. The adult male as described by Sasa &amp; Okazawa (1992) with the following additions:</p>
            <p>Abdominal tergite setation (Fig. 7I). Tergite I with 2 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae arranged in 3 diagonal rows in 2/1/2 format. Tergites II with 3 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two continuous diagonal rows. Tergite III-VIII with 4 lateral setae, anterior basal setae, and posterior marginal setae in two continuous diagonal rows.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Palearctic: Japan.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> The adult males of  P. sturae sp. nov. and  P. torbjorni sp. nov. are both similar to  P. niger . A combination of shorter anal points, numbers, and patterns of the tergite setation separates adult males of both species from  P. niger .  P. torbjorni sp. nov. adult male has a much smaller anal point than  P. sturae sp. nov. and  P.niger , which can further separate it from the latter two species. The single  P. torbjorni sp. nov. adult male we examined lacked lateral setae on its anal point, similar to  P. mozleyi a nd  P. insulatus .  P. insulatus has a much longer anal point and costa extension compared to  P. torbjorni sp. nov. , and  P. mozleyi has a gonostylus without crista dorsalis; whereas gonostylus of  P. torbjorni sp. nov. has a prominent crista dorsalis. Table 7 provides additional characteristics that can separate adult males of  Paracricotopus . A combination of longer notum, smaller seminal capsule, and pattern of tergites setae separates the female of  P. sturae sp. nov. from that of  P. niger . Table 8 provides additional characteristics that can separate known adult females of  Paracricotopus . </p>
            <p> The examined type specimens of  P. sturae sp. nov. and  P. torbjorni sp. nov. lacked antenna, and therefore, for now, we did not include them in the adult male key. However, they are included in the preliminary alternative key based on adult males’ tergite setation, further separating them from other known species of  Paracricotopus . Historically, the generic diagnosis of  Paracricotopus only mentioned the abdominal tergites and sternites in having distinct rows of anterior and posterior setae (Thieneman &amp; Harnisch 1931; Cranston e t al. 1989). Some previous workers have provided the total number of setae on tergites (Caldwell 1985; Chaudhuri &amp; Som 1998; Hazra et al. 2002; Nitsuma 1990; Saether 1980b). However, the pattern of these setae was never investigated. Based on the type and voucher specimens we have examined and the review of the literature, we found that each  Paracricotopus species has a unique tergite setae pattern, which can be further used as a distinguishing characteristic for adults (Fig. 7). We designated the most lateral anterior basal and posterior marginal setae as lateral setae, which we found their numbers is a distinguishing characteristic. Further, we found that the anterior basal and posterior marginal setae of tergite I are diagonally parallel and have a unique pattern format that is species-specific. Also, the setation pattern of tergites I to V is much more distinguishing, and as such, we mainly emphasized these tergites. Based on these characteristics, we provided additional descriptions for most  Paracricotopus species and an alternative key to the adult male of the genus. Since we only examined a few specimens from each species, in addition to what little was available in the literature, and could not examine the type specimens of  Paracricotopus irregularis Nitsuma, 1990 ,  Paracricotopus millrockensis Caldwell, 1985 ,  Paracricotopus missilus Chaudhuri &amp; Som, 1998 , and  Paracricotopus oyabeangulatus Sasa, Kwai &amp; Ueno, 1988 , our tergite setae key at best can be a preliminary one, until more type and voucher adult specimens from various locations are examined. Combining the two adult male keys to produce a more comprehensive key would have made sense. For now, two reasons prevented us from doing so. First, the alternative key signifies the importance of tergite setation as a distinguishing characteristic. Further, the absence of antenna and, therefore, its characteristics in  P. sturae sp. nov. and  P. torbjorni sp. nov. , along with the absence of the species above, could not provide us with proper options of tergite setae character to separate the  Paracricotopus species.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5468878463355F30FF0DF98BF089827C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
54688784632A5F31FF0DFF13F4DB80B9.text	54688784632A5F31FF0DFF13F4DB80B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracricotopus Brundin 1956	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> A key to the adult males of  Paracricotopus Brundin</p>
            <p>1. Gonostylus with conspicuous crista dorsalis................................................................ 2</p>
            <p>– Gonostylus without conspicuous crista dorsalis............................................................. 10</p>
            <p> 2. Crista dorsalis large, covering close to half of gonostylus (Chaudhuri &amp; Som 1999: Figure 4)...  P. missilus Chaudhuri &amp; Som</p>
            <p>– Crista dorsalis smaller, preapical, covering much less than half of gonostylus...................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Anal point apically rounded (Sasa et al. 1988: Figure 11A9).....................  P. oyabeangulatus Sasa, Kwai &amp; Ueno</p>
            <p>– Anal point apically not rounded.......................................................................... 4</p>
            <p>4. AR &lt;0.5............................................................................................ 5</p>
            <p>– AR ≥ 0.5............................................................................................ 6</p>
            <p> 5. Anal point short, around 25 μm long (Niitsuma 1990: Figure 2; Sasa &amp; Okazawa 1992: Figure 9e); squama with 2–6 setae......................................................................................  P. tamabrevis (Sasa)</p>
            <p> – Anal point long, around 40 μm long (Niitsuma 1990: Figure 13); squama with 8–16 setae...........  P. irregularis Niitsuma</p>
            <p>6. Preapical crista dorsalis large............................................................................ 7</p>
            <p>– Preapical crista dorsalis small........................................................................... 9</p>
            <p> 7. Halteres brown (Fig. 4B). Costa extension short, 41–54 μm (Fig. 4C). Anal point 32–55 μm long.........  P. niger (Kieffer)</p>
            <p> – Halteres whitish (Fig. 5C). Costa extension long, 82–97 μm (Fig. 5D). Anal point 19–26 μm long....  P. uliginosus (Brundin)</p>
            <p> 9. AR 0.7; anal point around 31 μm long, with up to 9 lateral setae (Saether 1980b: Figure 1F); squama with 7 setae.................................................................................................  P. glaber Saether</p>
            <p> – AR 0.62–0.63; anal point around 26 μm, with 2–3 lateral setae (Caldwell 1985: Figure1); squama with 3 setae............................................................................................  P. millrockensis Caldwell</p>
            <p>10. Anal point bare; inferior volsella small to reduced.......................................................... 11</p>
            <p>– Anal point with lateral setae; inferior volsella large and well-developed......................................... 12</p>
            <p> 11. Anal point long; squama with 1 seta; inferior volsella a small digitiform lobe; gonostylus long and narrow bearing very small crista dorsalis (Bhattacharyay &amp; Chaudhuri 1988: Figure 1e)...................  P. insulatus (Bhattacharyay &amp; Chaudhuri)</p>
            <p> – Anal point extremely short; squama with 3–4 setae; inferior volsella well-reduced; gonostylus short and expanded medially, without crista dorsalis (Steiner 1983: Figure 2).................................................  P. mozleyi Steiner</p>
            <p> 12. Crista dorsalis absent (Sasa &amp; Okazawa 1992: Figure 10g)..........................  P. togakuroasi (Sasa &amp; Okazawa)</p>
            <p>– Crista dorsalis present................................................................................. 13</p>
            <p> 13. AR 0.28–0.37; anal point with 2–4 lateral setae (Hazra et al. 2002: Figure 4); wing length 0.9–1.12 mm ..........................................................................................  P. spinicornis Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri</p>
            <p> – AR 0.9–1.0; anal point with up to 6 lateral setae (Ghaderi et al. 2023: Fig.1d); wing length 1.3–1.5 mm ..................................................................................................  P. davoodi Ghaderi et al.</p>
            <p> A preliminary alternative key to the adult males of  Paracricotopus Brundin</p>
            <p>1. Tergites II– V with 2 lateral setae......................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>– Tergites II– V with 3 or more lateral setae.................................................................. 5</p>
            <p>2. Anterior basal and posterior marginal setae of tergite I arranged in 2 diagonal rows (Figs. 7 J-K)....................... 3</p>
            <p>– Anterior basal and posterior marginal setae of tergite I arranged in 3 diagonal rows (Figs. 7A &amp; 7F).................... 4</p>
            <p> 3. Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 3/4 format. Tergites II– V with numerous anterior basal and posterior marginal setae (Fig. 7J).................................................................  P. torbjorni sp. nov.</p>
            <p> – Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 1/3 format. Tergites II– V with few anterior basal and posterior marginal setae (Fig. 7K)...............................................................  P. uliginosus (Brundin)</p>
            <p> 4. Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 2/2/1 format. Tergites II– V with few anterior basal and posterior marginal setae (Fig. 7A).............................................................  P. davoodi Ghaderi et al.</p>
            <p> – Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 3/1/3 format. Tergites II– V with numerous anterior basal and posterior marginal setae (Fig. 7F)...............................................  P. spinicornis Hazra &amp; Chaudhuri</p>
            <p>5. Tergite II with 3 lateral setae............................................................................ 6</p>
            <p>– Tergite II with 4 or more lateral setae...................................................................... 8</p>
            <p> 6. Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 3/3/1 format. Tergites III – V with 3 lateral setae (Fig. 7H)...........................................................................................  P. tamabrevis (Sasa)</p>
            <p> – Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 2/1/2 format. Tergites III – V with 3 lateral setae (Fig. 7I).................................................................................  P. togakuroasi (Sasa &amp; Okazawa)</p>
            <p> 7. Tergite I with 2 lateral setae; anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 2/1 format (Fig. 7D)..........  P. mozleyi Steiner</p>
            <p> – Tergite I with 3 lateral setae; anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 3/2/4 format (Fig. 7E).........  P. niger (Kieffer)</p>
            <p> 8. Tergites II– V with five or more lateral setae (Fig. 7C)........................  P. insulatus (Bhattacharyay &amp; Chaudhuri)</p>
            <p>– Tergites II– V with 4 lateral setae......................................................................... 9</p>
            <p> 9. Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 1/1/3/1 format. Posterior marginal setae of tergites II– V slightly diagonal (Fig. 7B).........................................................................  P. glaber Saether</p>
            <p> – Tergite I with anterior basal and posterior marginal setae in 2/1/1/3 format. Posterior marginal setae of tergites II– V straight (Fig. 7G)...............................................................................  P. sturae sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54688784632A5F31FF0DFF13F4DB80B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Namayandeh, Armin;Ghaderi, Edris	Namayandeh, Armin, Ghaderi, Edris (2025): A review of Paracricotopus (Brundin, 1947), with the description of two new species and redescription of the adult males of Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer, 1913) and Paracricotopus uliginosus (Brundin, 1947) sensu Saether (1980) (Chironomidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 5569 (1): 138-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.1.5
