taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763954	Figure 1. Types of plastron plating in the holasteroid echinoids of the infraorder Urechinina:type I (A), type II (B), type III (C), type IV (F, G), type V (H), and type VI (D, E). A, Galeaster sumbaricus Poslavskaya, in Moskvin and Poslavskaya 1949, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Poslavskaya and Moskvin 1960); B, Corystus relictus (de Meijere 1902), Corystusidae (modified from Solovjev 2005); C, Plexechinus hirsutus Mortensen 1905, Plexechinidae (modified from Mortensen 1907); D, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, Cystocrepis setigera (Agassiz 1898), Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904); F, Ecinocrepis rostrata Mironov 1973, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1973); G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 2008); H, Spatagocystis challengeri Agassiz 1879, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904). Unpaired interambulacrum is shaded.	Figure 1. Types of plastron plating in the holasteroid echinoids of the infraorder Urechinina:type I (A), type II (B), type III (C), type IV (F, G), type V (H), and type VI (D, E). A, Galeaster sumbaricus Poslavskaya, in Moskvin and Poslavskaya 1949, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Poslavskaya and Moskvin 1960); B, Corystus relictus (de Meijere 1902), Corystusidae (modified from Solovjev 2005); C, Plexechinus hirsutus Mortensen 1905, Plexechinidae (modified from Mortensen 1907); D, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, Cystocrepis setigera (Agassiz 1898), Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904); F, Ecinocrepis rostrata Mironov 1973, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1973); G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 2008); H, Spatagocystis challengeri Agassiz 1879, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904). Unpaired interambulacrum is shaded.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763958/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763958	Figure 2. Morpho-functional adaptations in the family Pourtalesiidae. A, B, F, G, test shapes viewed from the side (A, F) and from below (B, G). C–E, H, I, spatulate spines. J–M, degrees of development of the subanal rostrum: rostrum absent (J); small and conical inframarginal rostrum (K); conical marginal rostrum (L); well-developed finger-like marginal rostrum (M). A, B, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b (modified from Mironov 1978b); C, spine from the aboral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); D, spine from the oral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, spine from the ventral keel of Pourtalesia beringiana Baranova 1955, specimen IORAS ECH02626; F, G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974 (modified from photos in Mironov 2008); H, spine from the dorsal keel of Echinosigra (Echinogutta) amphora Mironov 1974, specimen SMF 930; I, spine from the ventral keel of the same specimen. J–M are not to scale. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct. Abbreviations: TL, test length; TW, test width.	Figure 2. Morpho-functional adaptations in the family Pourtalesiidae. A, B, F, G, test shapes viewed from the side (A, F) and from below (B, G). C–E, H, I, spatulate spines. J–M, degrees of development of the subanal rostrum: rostrum absent (J); small and conical inframarginal rostrum (K); conical marginal rostrum (L); well-developed finger-like marginal rostrum (M). A, B, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b (modified from Mironov 1978b); C, spine from the aboral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); D, spine from the oral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, spine from the ventral keel of Pourtalesia beringiana Baranova 1955, specimen IORAS ECH02626; F, G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974 (modified from photos in Mironov 2008); H, spine from the dorsal keel of Echinosigra (Echinogutta) amphora Mironov 1974, specimen SMF 930; I, spine from the ventral keel of the same specimen. J–M are not to scale. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct. Abbreviations: TL, test length; TW, test width.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763960/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763960	Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree.The analysis was based on the concatenated 3282-bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA) and one nuclear (28S rRNA) marker. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 1000 bootstrap replicates). Representatives of Calymnidae and Carnarechinidae were used as outgroup.Familial names and corresponding types of plastron plating arrangement (unpaired interambulacrum is shaded) are given to the right. For each species and subspecies, distribution within eight major parts of the world ocean (see map inset) is indicated by lettered boxes.ASA, Antarctic and Subantarctic; IO, Indian Ocean; WP, West Pacific; EP, East Pacific; NP, North Pacific; CSA, Central and South Atlantic; NA, North Atlantic; Ar, Arctic.	Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree.The analysis was based on the concatenated 3282-bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA) and one nuclear (28S rRNA) marker. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 1000 bootstrap replicates). Representatives of Calymnidae and Carnarechinidae were used as outgroup.Familial names and corresponding types of plastron plating arrangement (unpaired interambulacrum is shaded) are given to the right. For each species and subspecies, distribution within eight major parts of the world ocean (see map inset) is indicated by lettered boxes.ASA, Antarctic and Subantarctic; IO, Indian Ocean; WP, West Pacific; EP, East Pacific; NP, North Pacific; CSA, Central and South Atlantic; NA, North Atlantic; Ar, Arctic.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763963	Figure 4.Pourtalesia species from the Antarctic(A–F) andNorth Atlantic (G, H), views from below and side.A,B, Pourtalesiahispida, RVAkademik Mstislav Keldysh, St.6653,ECH02635,voucher 6653si68A; C, D,Pourtalesia (?)sp.A,RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, St.6653,ECH02633, voucher 6653si57; E, F,Pourtalesia sp.B, RVAkademik Mstislav Keldysh, St.7374, ECH02648; G, H, Pourtalesia sp.C, RVJames Cook, St.JC37/67.	Figure 4.Pourtalesia species from the Antarctic(A–F) andNorth Atlantic (G, H), views from below and side.A,B, Pourtalesiahispida, RVAkademik Mstislav Keldysh, St.6653,ECH02635,voucher 6653si68A; C, D,Pourtalesia (?)sp.A,RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, St.6653,ECH02633, voucher 6653si57; E, F,Pourtalesia sp.B, RVAkademik Mstislav Keldysh, St.7374, ECH02648; G, H, Pourtalesia sp.C, RVJames Cook, St.JC37/67.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763967	Figure 5. Genera of the families Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae with different plastron plating types arranged in sequences reflecting the increase of specialization in burrowing. The order corresponds to the decrease in TW/TLm. Plastron plating type V is inferred for the genus Rictocystis based on other morphological features. Test contours are depicted for each genus: view from below (upper row) and side view (lower row). Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	Figure 5. Genera of the families Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae with different plastron plating types arranged in sequences reflecting the increase of specialization in burrowing. The order corresponds to the decrease in TW/TLm. Plastron plating type V is inferred for the genus Rictocystis based on other morphological features. Test contours are depicted for each genus: view from below (upper row) and side view (lower row). Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763969	Figure 6. Evolutionary changes in the degree of plastron disruption in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for the number of intercalating plates are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony.	Figure 6. Evolutionary changes in the degree of plastron disruption in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for the number of intercalating plates are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763971	Figure 7. Evolutionary changes in the degree of test elongation in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae. Ancestral state reconstructions for TW/ TLm are mapped to each node using squared-change parsimony. For graphical representation, continuous TW/TLm values were allocated to seven bins: (1) TW/TLm ≥ 0.7; (2) TW/TLm 0.6–0.69; (3) TW/TLm 0.5–0.59; (4) TW/TLm 0.4–0.49; (5) TW/TLm 0.3–0.39; (6) TW/ TLm 0.2–0.29; (7) TW/TLm <0.2.Test contours (view from below) and TW/TLm values are given for each species.	Figure 7. Evolutionary changes in the degree of test elongation in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae. Ancestral state reconstructions for TW/ TLm are mapped to each node using squared-change parsimony. For graphical representation, continuous TW/TLm values were allocated to seven bins: (1) TW/TLm ≥ 0.7; (2) TW/TLm 0.6–0.69; (3) TW/TLm 0.5–0.59; (4) TW/TLm 0.4–0.49; (5) TW/TLm 0.3–0.39; (6) TW/ TLm 0.2–0.29; (7) TW/TLm <0.2.Test contours (view from below) and TW/TLm values are given for each species.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763973	Figure 8. Evolutionary changes in the shape of the subanal rostrum in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratopgysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for subanal rostrum shape and position are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony. Test contours (side view) are given for each species. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	Figure 8. Evolutionary changes in the shape of the subanal rostrum in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratopgysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for subanal rostrum shape and position are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony. Test contours (side view) are given for each species. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663C882441B9D788D840F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763976/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763976	Figure 9. Distribution of the genera of the family Pourtalesiidae.A, species with broad tests; B, species with elongated tests.Symbol type represents particular genus. Symbol fill indicates the degree of test elongation (TW/TLm, as defined in the legend) of the particular species belonging to this genus.	Figure 9. Distribution of the genera of the family Pourtalesiidae.A, species with broad tests; B, species with elongated tests.Symbol type represents particular genus. Symbol fill indicates the degree of test elongation (TW/TLm, as defined in the legend) of the particular species belonging to this genus.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763954	Figure 1. Types of plastron plating in the holasteroid echinoids of the infraorder Urechinina:type I (A), type II (B), type III (C), type IV (F, G), type V (H), and type VI (D, E). A, Galeaster sumbaricus Poslavskaya, in Moskvin and Poslavskaya 1949, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Poslavskaya and Moskvin 1960); B, Corystus relictus (de Meijere 1902), Corystusidae (modified from Solovjev 2005); C, Plexechinus hirsutus Mortensen 1905, Plexechinidae (modified from Mortensen 1907); D, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, Cystocrepis setigera (Agassiz 1898), Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904); F, Ecinocrepis rostrata Mironov 1973, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1973); G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 2008); H, Spatagocystis challengeri Agassiz 1879, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904). Unpaired interambulacrum is shaded.	Figure 1. Types of plastron plating in the holasteroid echinoids of the infraorder Urechinina:type I (A), type II (B), type III (C), type IV (F, G), type V (H), and type VI (D, E). A, Galeaster sumbaricus Poslavskaya, in Moskvin and Poslavskaya 1949, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Poslavskaya and Moskvin 1960); B, Corystus relictus (de Meijere 1902), Corystusidae (modified from Solovjev 2005); C, Plexechinus hirsutus Mortensen 1905, Plexechinidae (modified from Mortensen 1907); D, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, Cystocrepis setigera (Agassiz 1898), Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904); F, Ecinocrepis rostrata Mironov 1973, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1973); G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 2008); H, Spatagocystis challengeri Agassiz 1879, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904). Unpaired interambulacrum is shaded.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763958/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763958	Figure 2. Morpho-functional adaptations in the family Pourtalesiidae. A, B, F, G, test shapes viewed from the side (A, F) and from below (B, G). C–E, H, I, spatulate spines. J–M, degrees of development of the subanal rostrum: rostrum absent (J); small and conical inframarginal rostrum (K); conical marginal rostrum (L); well-developed finger-like marginal rostrum (M). A, B, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b (modified from Mironov 1978b); C, spine from the aboral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); D, spine from the oral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, spine from the ventral keel of Pourtalesia beringiana Baranova 1955, specimen IORAS ECH02626; F, G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974 (modified from photos in Mironov 2008); H, spine from the dorsal keel of Echinosigra (Echinogutta) amphora Mironov 1974, specimen SMF 930; I, spine from the ventral keel of the same specimen. J–M are not to scale. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct. Abbreviations: TL, test length; TW, test width.	Figure 2. Morpho-functional adaptations in the family Pourtalesiidae. A, B, F, G, test shapes viewed from the side (A, F) and from below (B, G). C–E, H, I, spatulate spines. J–M, degrees of development of the subanal rostrum: rostrum absent (J); small and conical inframarginal rostrum (K); conical marginal rostrum (L); well-developed finger-like marginal rostrum (M). A, B, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b (modified from Mironov 1978b); C, spine from the aboral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); D, spine from the oral side of Pourtalesia heptneri (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, spine from the ventral keel of Pourtalesia beringiana Baranova 1955, specimen IORAS ECH02626; F, G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974 (modified from photos in Mironov 2008); H, spine from the dorsal keel of Echinosigra (Echinogutta) amphora Mironov 1974, specimen SMF 930; I, spine from the ventral keel of the same specimen. J–M are not to scale. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct. Abbreviations: TL, test length; TW, test width.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763960/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763960	Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree.The analysis was based on the concatenated 3282-bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA) and one nuclear (28S rRNA) marker. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 1000 bootstrap replicates). Representatives of Calymnidae and Carnarechinidae were used as outgroup.Familial names and corresponding types of plastron plating arrangement (unpaired interambulacrum is shaded) are given to the right. For each species and subspecies, distribution within eight major parts of the world ocean (see map inset) is indicated by lettered boxes.ASA, Antarctic and Subantarctic; IO, Indian Ocean; WP, West Pacific; EP, East Pacific; NP, North Pacific; CSA, Central and South Atlantic; NA, North Atlantic; Ar, Arctic.	Figure 3. Bayesian inference (BI) 50%-majority rule consensus tree.The analysis was based on the concatenated 3282-bp long dataset that included three mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA) and one nuclear (28S rRNA) marker. Branch support values are given from the BI (posterior probabilities)/ML (bootstrap percentage, 1000 bootstrap replicates). Representatives of Calymnidae and Carnarechinidae were used as outgroup.Familial names and corresponding types of plastron plating arrangement (unpaired interambulacrum is shaded) are given to the right. For each species and subspecies, distribution within eight major parts of the world ocean (see map inset) is indicated by lettered boxes.ASA, Antarctic and Subantarctic; IO, Indian Ocean; WP, West Pacific; EP, East Pacific; NP, North Pacific; CSA, Central and South Atlantic; NA, North Atlantic; Ar, Arctic.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763967	Figure 5. Genera of the families Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae with different plastron plating types arranged in sequences reflecting the increase of specialization in burrowing. The order corresponds to the decrease in TW/TLm. Plastron plating type V is inferred for the genus Rictocystis based on other morphological features. Test contours are depicted for each genus: view from below (upper row) and side view (lower row). Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	Figure 5. Genera of the families Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae with different plastron plating types arranged in sequences reflecting the increase of specialization in burrowing. The order corresponds to the decrease in TW/TLm. Plastron plating type V is inferred for the genus Rictocystis based on other morphological features. Test contours are depicted for each genus: view from below (upper row) and side view (lower row). Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763969	Figure 6. Evolutionary changes in the degree of plastron disruption in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for the number of intercalating plates are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony.	Figure 6. Evolutionary changes in the degree of plastron disruption in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for the number of intercalating plates are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763971	Figure 7. Evolutionary changes in the degree of test elongation in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae. Ancestral state reconstructions for TW/ TLm are mapped to each node using squared-change parsimony. For graphical representation, continuous TW/TLm values were allocated to seven bins: (1) TW/TLm ≥ 0.7; (2) TW/TLm 0.6–0.69; (3) TW/TLm 0.5–0.59; (4) TW/TLm 0.4–0.49; (5) TW/TLm 0.3–0.39; (6) TW/ TLm 0.2–0.29; (7) TW/TLm <0.2.Test contours (view from below) and TW/TLm values are given for each species.	Figure 7. Evolutionary changes in the degree of test elongation in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratophysidae. Ancestral state reconstructions for TW/ TLm are mapped to each node using squared-change parsimony. For graphical representation, continuous TW/TLm values were allocated to seven bins: (1) TW/TLm ≥ 0.7; (2) TW/TLm 0.6–0.69; (3) TW/TLm 0.5–0.59; (4) TW/TLm 0.4–0.49; (5) TW/TLm 0.3–0.39; (6) TW/ TLm 0.2–0.29; (7) TW/TLm <0.2.Test contours (view from below) and TW/TLm values are given for each species.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763973	Figure 8. Evolutionary changes in the shape of the subanal rostrum in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratopgysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for subanal rostrum shape and position are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony. Test contours (side view) are given for each species. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	Figure 8. Evolutionary changes in the shape of the subanal rostrum in Pourtalesiidae and Ceratopgysidae.Ancestral state reconstructions for subanal rostrum shape and position are mapped to each node using ordered parsimony. Test contours (side view) are given for each species. Arrow indicates the position of the periproct.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C663B8826419AD3D7D96CF926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763980/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763980	Figure 10. Distribution of the genera of the family Ceratophysidae. A, species with broad tests; B, species with elongated tests.Symbol type represents particular genus.Symbol fill indicates the degree of test elongation (TW/TLm, as defined in the legend) of the particular species belonging to this genus.	Figure 10. Distribution of the genera of the family Ceratophysidae. A, species with broad tests; B, species with elongated tests.Symbol type represents particular genus.Symbol fill indicates the degree of test elongation (TW/TLm, as defined in the legend) of the particular species belonging to this genus.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
5B0C164C6639882741ADD3EBDC05F9F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14763954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14763954	Figure 1. Types of plastron plating in the holasteroid echinoids of the infraorder Urechinina:type I (A), type II (B), type III (C), type IV (F, G), type V (H), and type VI (D, E). A, Galeaster sumbaricus Poslavskaya, in Moskvin and Poslavskaya 1949, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Poslavskaya and Moskvin 1960); B, Corystus relictus (de Meijere 1902), Corystusidae (modified from Solovjev 2005); C, Plexechinus hirsutus Mortensen 1905, Plexechinidae (modified from Mortensen 1907); D, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, Cystocrepis setigera (Agassiz 1898), Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904); F, Ecinocrepis rostrata Mironov 1973, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1973); G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 2008); H, Spatagocystis challengeri Agassiz 1879, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904). Unpaired interambulacrum is shaded.	Figure 1. Types of plastron plating in the holasteroid echinoids of the infraorder Urechinina:type I (A), type II (B), type III (C), type IV (F, G), type V (H), and type VI (D, E). A, Galeaster sumbaricus Poslavskaya, in Moskvin and Poslavskaya 1949, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Poslavskaya and Moskvin 1960); B, Corystus relictus (de Meijere 1902), Corystusidae (modified from Solovjev 2005); C, Plexechinus hirsutus Mortensen 1905, Plexechinidae (modified from Mortensen 1907); D, Pourtalesia heptneri Mironov 1978b, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1978b); E, Cystocrepis setigera (Agassiz 1898), Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904); F, Ecinocrepis rostrata Mironov 1973, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 1973); G, Echinosigra (Echinogutta) fabrefacta Mironov 1974, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Mironov 2008); H, Spatagocystis challengeri Agassiz 1879, Pourtalesiidae (modified from Agassiz 1904). Unpaired interambulacrum is shaded.	2024-04-12	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.		Zenodo	biologists	Minin, Kirill V.;Mironov, Alexandr N.;Petrov, Nikolay B.;Vladychenskaya, Irina P.			
