identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5F3687AAFFCFFFCB43B7517E3254F838.text	5F3687AAFFCFFFCB43B7517E3254F838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spintharinae Simon 1894	<div><p>Subfamily Spintharinae Simon, 1894</p><p>Diagnosis. Conductor huge and folded, cheliceral base thin, tarsal comb bristle dorsal margin notched, abdomen with humps, colulus small, and web modified (Agnarsson 2004).</p><p>Composition. The subfamily Spintharinae currently contains 11 extant genera: Brunepisinus Yoshida &amp; Koh, 2011, Chrosiothes Simon, 1894, Episinus Walckenaer, 1809, Janula Strand, 1932, Moneta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870, Neopisinus Marques, Buckup &amp; Rodrigues, 2011, Pycnoepisinus Wunderlich, 2008, Spintharus Hentz, 1850, Stemmops O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894, Thwaitesia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881, and Vigdisia Agnarsson, Kuntner, Yu &amp; Gregorič, 2024 (Agnarsson 2004; Durán-Barrón et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2016; Rodrigues et al. 2022; Gregorič et al. 2024), the new genus Asiopisinus gen. nov. here described representing the 12th genus.</p><p>Remarks. Wunderlich (2008) used the subfamily name Episinae. In the current paper, we use Spintharinae following Agnarsson (2004) and Liu et al. (2016). The revision of the subfamily name needs to be carried out in the future.</p><p>The largest genus of this subfamily, Episinus, exhibits diverse genital structures, e.g. E. antipodianus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 from New Zealand and E. gibbus Zhu &amp; Wang, 1995 from China (Court 1982; Zhu 1998). Therefore, in the following diagnosis of Asiopisinus gen. nov., we just compare Asiopisinus gen. nov. with Episinus species that have similar genital structures to E. truncatus Latreille, 1809 (type species of Episinus). Further generic revision of Episinus may be needed.</p><p>Distribution. Cosmopolitan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFCFFFCB43B7517E3254F838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFCCFFC943B754B73367FF35.text	5F3687AAFFCCFFC943B754B73367FF35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Genus Asiopisinus gen. nov.</p><p>Type species. Asiopisinus cheni sp. nov. from China.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the prefix “ Asio- ” meaning Asia, referring to the distribution of the genus, and the generic name Episinus .</p><p>Diagnosis. Asiopisinus gen. nov. is closely related to Episinus (Liu et al. 2022) and similar in having two humps on posterior part of opisthosoma (cf. Fig. 14 and Fig. 21A‒D, also in Brunepisinus and Moneta). Males of Asiopisinus gen. nov. can be recognized by: 1) cymbium almost as long as wide, distal margin with a process (CP), cymbial hook (CH) located in the process and elongated posteriorly (vs. cymbium distinctly longer than wide, margin without process, cymbial hook located in anterior part of cymbium and elongated prolaterally); 2) extra tegular apophysis (ETA) absent (vs. present); 3) median apophysis (MA) longer than diameter of the bulb (vs. almost as long as the diameter of bulb); 4) tegular apophysis (TA) undeveloped, much smaller than median apophysis (vs. developed, almost as large as median apophysis); 5) conductor (C) divided into two arms (vs. undivided) (cf. Figs 2A‒D, 6, 8, 10, 12 and Figs 2E, F, 17, 20, Agnarsson et al. 2007: figs 24‒27, 180). Females of Asiopisinus gen. nov. can be recognized by: 1) epigynal septum present (Se) (vs. absent); and 2) windings of copulatory ducts (CD) equal or shorter than spermathecae (S) (vs. much longer than spermathecae) (cf. Figs 7, 9, 11, 13 and Figs 18, 20, Knoflach &amp; Thaler 2000: fig. 22).</p><p>The male palp of Asiopisinus gen. nov. is similar to that of Pycnoepisinus Wunderlich, 2008 in having wide embolic base (EB) located in the center of the bulb in ventral view, with filiform clockwise circular median part of embolus (E), but can be distinguished by: 1) cymbium almost as long as wide (vs. almost 1.5 times longer than wide); and 2) cymbial hook (CH) located in anterior part of cymbium (vs. located in retrolateral margin of cymbium) (cf. Figs 2A‒D, 6, 8, 10, 12 and Wunderlich 2008: figs 387‒390).</p><p>Asiopisinus gen. nov. is similar to Moneta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 in having two humps on posterior part of opisthosoma, but can be recognized by: 1) length of metatarsus I: tarsus I ca. 3:1 (vs. ca.100:6‒15); 2) cymbial process (CP) located in anterior part of cymbium (vs. located in retrolateral margin of cymbium); 3) embolic base (EB) located in center of bulb in ventral view (vs. embolic base shifted retrolaterally); 4) epigynal septum present (vs. absent) (cf. Figs 2A‒D, 6‒14 and Zhu 1998: figs 182‒191).</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 3, 4A, C, D, F, 14A, C, E, G, 15A, C, E, G, 16A, C, E, G): Total length 3.20‒4.20. Carapace almost as long as wide, brown to reddish-brown, with black radial lines and yellowish-brown margins. Cephalic region red, slightly raised. Fovea vertical. Endites with gray distal parts. Chelicerae toothless. Sternum longer than wide, dark brown. Legs yellow to brown, femurs II with prolateral proximal hump (stridulatory organ). Leg formula: IV-I-II-III. Opisthosoma longer than wide, brown, with black and white stripes, posterior part of dorsum with pair of humps, posterior part of venter with white transversal stripe. Colulus small, shorter than half of length of setae.</p><p>Palp (Figs 2A‒D, 6, 8, 10, 12): Tibia as long as wide, distal end 5 times wider than proximal part in ventral view. Cymbium as long as wide, anterior margin with process (CP), cymbial hook (CH) located in ventral part of process. Bulb nearly spherical. Tegulum (T) almost crescent-shaped. Sperm duct (SD) thick and curved. Median apophysis (MA) lamellar, extremely long, almost 2 times longer than diameter of bulb, covering and conducting part of embolus (E). Tegular apophysis (TA) lamellar, with serrated distal margin (serration broken in some specimens). Conductor (C) divided into 2 arms: distal arm (DC) twisty, and prolateral arm (PC) nearly triangular. Embolic base (EB) wide, located in center of bulb, distal part of embolus filiform, elongated wavelike.</p><p>Female (Figs 4B, E 14B, D, F, H, 15B, D, F, H, 16B, D, F, H): Total length 4.10‒4.80. Colouration darker than in male. Stridulatory organ on legs absent. Other characteristics as in males.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 7, 9, 11, 13): Epigynal plate wider than long, atrium (A) with septum (Se). Windings of copulatory ducts (CD) shorter than spermathecae (S). Spermathecae variable in shape, longer than wide. Fertilization ducts (FD) arising from posterior part of spermathecae.</p><p>Composition. Asiopisinus anfu (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov., A. baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov., A. cheni sp. nov., A. implicatus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov., A. nubilus (Yaginuma, 1960) comb. nov., A. ornithorhynchus (Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022) comb. nov., A. pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov., and A. yoshidai (Okuma, 1994) comb. nov. .</p><p>Biology. Species in this genus build reduced webs (Fig. 1A, B) and specialized on ants as prey (Zhu 1998; Liu et al. 2016).</p><p>Relationships. The genus Asiopisinus gen. nov. is sister to the genus Episinus Walckenaer, 1809 (Liu et al. 2022).</p><p>Distribution. East Asia (China; Japan; Korea) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFCCFFC943B754B73367FF35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFCDFFC943B7556B32DDFC53.text	5F3687AAFFCDFFC943B7556B32DDFC53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus anfu (Liang, Liu, Yin & Xu 2025) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus anfu (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Xu, 2025) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 22</p><p>Episinus anfu Liang et al., 2025: 5, figs 1A‒F, 2A‒B (♀).</p><p>Type material (not examined). Holotype ♀: CHINA, Jiangxi Province: Ji’an City, Anfu County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.2447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.2447/lat 27.5264)">Yangshimu</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.2447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.2447/lat 27.5264)">Yeniugu</a>; 27.5264°N, 114.2447°E; elev. 600 m; 24 June 2022; Z.G. Huang et al. leg. (HNU817, in HNU) . Paratype: 1♀, same data as for holotype (HNU816, in HNU) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The female of Asiopisinus anfu (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Xu, 2025) comb. nov. resembles that of A. cheni sp. nov. (cf. Liang et al. 2025: figs 1D‒F, 2 and Fig. 7) by having laterally curved copulatory ducts (CD), but can be recognized by: 1) lateral parts of copulatory ducts significantly thinner and shorter than spermathecae (S) in dorsal view (vs. almost as thick and long as spermathecae); and 2) anterior portions of spermathecae more swollen than posterior portions (vs. anterior portions almost equal to posterior).</p><p>Description. See Liang et al. (2025).</p><p>Remarks. The species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. based on its similarity to the type species: e.g. epigynal atrium (A) with septum (Se), and windings of copulatory ducts (CD) shorter than spermathecae (S).</p><p>Distribution. China (Jiangxi) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFCDFFC943B7556B32DDFC53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFCDFFC943B757D132D2F936.text	5F3687AAFFCDFFC943B757D132D2F936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan & Peng 2019) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 22</p><p>Episinus baoshanensis Liu et al., 2019: 399, figs 4A‒D, 5A, B (♂).</p><p>Type material ( not examined). Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan Province: Baoshan City, Tengchong County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.5581&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.1234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.5581/lat 25.1234)">Baihai Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.5581&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.1234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.5581/lat 25.1234)">Shuanghai Village</a>; 25.1234°N, 98.5581°E; elev. 800 m; 29 May 2009; C.M. Yin et al. leg. (YHY14, in HNU).</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of Asiopisinus baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. is similar to those of A. implicatus (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. (cf. Liu et al. 2019: figs 4B‒D, 5 and Fig. 8) by having huge median apophysis (MA) covering half of the bulb and embolus (E) arising from embolic base (EB) at 7 o’clock position, but can be recognized by distal arm of conductor (DC) bifurcated (vs. unbranched).</p><p>Description. See Liu et al. (2019).</p><p>Remarks. This species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. due to the similarity of the male palp to that of the generotype: e.g. median apophysis (MA) long, covering part of embolus, distal arm of conductor (DC) twisty, prolateral arm of conductor (PC) nearly triangular, embolic base (EB) located in center of bulb.</p><p>This species might potentially be conspecific with Asiopisinus implicatus (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. and A. yoshidai (Okuma, 1994) comb. nov., given that all three species share very similar male palpal structures (e.g. median apophysis (MA) huge, covering half of the bulb, embolus (E) arising from embolic base (EB) at 7 o’clock position). However, the types of A. baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. and A. yoshidai are unavailable for examination. Further research is needed to verify this taxonomic decision.</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFCDFFC943B757D132D2F936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFCDFFCD43B7536C3304F99D.text	5F3687AAFFCDFFCD43B7536C3304F99D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus cheni Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus cheni sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, B, 6, 7, 14A, B, 15A, B, 16A, B, 22</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂: CHINA, Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7292/lat 30.0292)">Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7292/lat 30.0292)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7292/lat 30.0292)">Changtanhe Dong Auton. Township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7292/lat 30.0292)">Qizimeishan Mountain</a>; 30.0292°N, 109.7292°E; elev. 1300 m; 6‒11 July 2023; C.H. Hu &amp; M. Wei leg. (QZMS00346, in CBEE) . Paratypes: 5♂ 7♀, same data as for holotype (QZMS00342, 00343, 02849, 04586 ‒ 04593, 04595, in CBEE) .</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the Chinese arachnologist: Prof. Jian Chen (Hubei University, Wuhan, China), who makes great contribution to Chinese arachnology.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of Asiopisinus cheni sp. nov. resembles those of A. ornithorrhynchus (Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022) comb. nov. (cf. Fig. 6 and Fig. 12) and A. pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov. (cf. Fig. 6 and Liang et al. 2025: figs 5D–F, 6) in having a nearly triangular embolic base (EB) and embolus (E) arising from embolic base at 3 o’clock position, but can be distinguished from A. ornithorrhynchus by: 1) sperm duct (SD) in tegulum (T) almost parallel to margins of embolic base (vs. unparallel); 2) median apophysis (MA) extended to 2/3 of width of bulb in ventral view (vs. 4/5) and 3) lateral margin of prolateral arm of conductor (PC) with a rounded angle (vs. with an acute angle [arrow in Fig. 12A]); can be distinguished from A. pseudonubilus by 1) median apophysis extended to 2/3 of width of bulb in ventral view (vs. 1/2); and 2) sperm duct in embolic base strongly curved to C-shaped in ventral view (vs. slightly curved to S-shaped).</p><p>For female see diagnosis under Asiopisinus anfu (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov. . The female of A. cheni sp. nov. also resembles that of A. pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov. (cf. Fig. 7 and Liang et al. 2025: figs 7D–F, 8) by having spermathecae (S) divided into 2 equal spherical portions, but can be recognized by lateral part of copulatory ducts (CD) curved (vs. straight).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype): Measurements: Total length 3.59. Carapace 1.54 long, 1.37 wide. Opisthosoma 2.08 long, 1.51 wide. Eyes: AME 0.10, ALE 0.11, PME 0.10, PLE 0.09, AME‒AME 0.09, AME‒ALE 0.03, PME‒ PME 0.08, PME‒PLE 0.07, AME‒PME 0.12, ALE‒PLE 0.03. Measurements of legs: I 6.55 (1.91, 0.57, 1.74, 1.76, 0.57), II 4.48 (1.48, 0.43, 1.01, 1.00, 0.56), III 3.34 (1.10, 0.35, 0.63, 0.70, 0.56), IV 7.19 (2.16, 0.61, 1.61, 2.06, 0.75).</p><p>Palp (Fig. 6): Sperm duct (SD) almost parallel to margins of embolic base (EB). Median apophysis (MA) extending to 2/3 of width of bulb in ventral view. Prolateral arm of conductor (PC) nearly triangular, lateral margins of prolateral arm of conductor S-shaped (red line in Fig. 6A), posterior corner of prolateral arm of conductor with 4 denticles. Embolic base slightly triangular, with sperm duct (SD) C-shaped. Embolus (E) arising from embolic base at 3 o’clock position.</p><p>Colouration (Figs 14A, 15A, 16A): Carapace brown, with yellowish-brown margins. Cephalic region red. Fovea black. Endites with gray distal parts. Sternum dark brown. Legs yellow to brown. Opisthosoma brown, dorsum with 2 thick white longitudinal stripes located laterally and several white transversal stripes, venter with posterior white transversal stripe.</p><p>Female (paratype): Measurements: Total length 4.26. Carapace 1.67 long, 1.43 wide. Opisthosoma 2.87 long, 2.45 wide. Eyes: AME 0.11, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.11, AME‒AME 0.07, AME‒ALE 0.02, PME‒PME 0.08, PME‒PLE 0.10, AME‒PME 0.15, ALE‒PLE 0.03. Measurements of legs: I 6.45 (1.91, 0.55, 1.50, 1.94, 0.55), II 4.41 (1.43, 0.49, 0.91, 1.02, 0.56), III 3.55 (1.02, 0.44, 0.70, 0.86, 0.53), IV 7.16 (2.04, 0.65, 1.55, 2.18, 0.74).</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 7): Copulatory ducts (CD) with coiled portion partly covered by spermathecae (S) and 3-shaped portion located lateral spermatheca. Spermatheca consisted of double spherical portions.</p><p>Colouration (Figs 14B, 15B, 16B): As in males, but darker.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFCDFFCD43B7536C3304F99D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC9FFC243B752BB32D2FC4D.text	5F3687AAFFC9FFC243B752BB32D2FC4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus implicatus (Liang, Liu, Yin & Yu 2025) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus implicatus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 2B, 4C, 8, 9, 14C, D, 15C, D, 16C, D, 22</p><p>Episinus implicatus Liang et al., 2025: 11, figs 3A‒F, 4A‒B (♀).</p><p>Type material (not examined). Holotype ♀: CHINA, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2706&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9169" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2706/lat 21.9169)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>; 21.9169°N, 101.2706°E; elev. 600 m; 30 September 2023; J.X. Liu et al. leg. (HNU869, in HNU).</p><p>Material examined. 1♂ 1♀: CHINA, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Nabanhe National Nature Reserve; 4 August 2023; collector unknown. 1♂, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2717/lat 21.9189)">Menglun Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2717/lat 21.9189)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>, tropical rainforests; 21.9189°N, 101.2717°E; elev. 600 m; 17 July 2020; Z.C. Li et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis. For male see the diagnosis under Asiopisinus baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. . For female see Liang et al. (2025).</p><p>Description. Male: Measurements: Total length 4.22. Carapace 1.73 long, 1.57 wide. Opisthosoma 2.37 long, 1.43 wide. Eyes: AME 0.14, ALE 0.13, PME 0.13, PLE 0.13, AME‒AME 0.07, AME‒ALE 0.02, PME‒PME 0.06, PME‒PLE 0.05, AME‒PME 0.07, ALE‒PLE 0.02. Legs missing.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 8): Median apophysis (MA) huge, extending to retrolateral part of bulb in ventral view, with wavy groove (Fig. 8D) at median part of median apophysis that conducting embolus (E). Prolateral arm of conductor (PC) nearly triangular, lateral margins of prolateral arm of conductor with right angle (arrow in Fig. 8A) in prolateral view, posterior corner of prolateral arm of conductor with 4 denticles. Embolic base (EB) rounded. Embolus arising from embolic base at 7 o’clock position.</p><p>Colouration (Figs 14C, 15C, 16C): Carapace brown, with 4 light brown markings located lateral and posterolateral part. Cephalic region red. Fovea black. Endites with gray distal parts. Sternum dark brown. Opisthosoma black, dorsum with 6 inverted V-shaped black stripes, venter with posterior white transversal stripe.</p><p>Female: See Liang et al. (2025).</p><p>Remarks. The species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. based on its similarity to the type species: e.g. epigynal atrium (A) with septum (Se), and windings of copulatory ducts (CD) shorter than spermathecae (S).</p><p>This species might potentially be conspecific with Asiopisinus baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. or A. yoshidai (Okuma, 1994) comb. nov. . More discussions see remarks under A. baoshanensis .</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC9FFC243B752BB32D2FC4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC6FFC243B757F33514F9DB.text	5F3687AAFFC6FFC243B757F33514F9DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus nubilus (Yaginuma 1960) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus nubilus (Yaginuma, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 1B, 2C, 3B, D, 4D, E, 10, 11, 14E, F, 15E, F, 16E, F, 22</p><p>Episinus nubilus Yaginuma, 1960: append. 3, pl. 11, fig. 66, 38, 101E (♂ ♀); Yoshida 1985: 27, figs 13‒15 (♂ ♀); Zhu 1998: 267, fig. 178A‒F (♂ ♀); Jin 2018: 22, fig. 4‒11.A‒G, pl. 5 (♂ ♀).</p><p>Episinus bicornutus Yoshida, 1983: 76, fig. 11 (♂ ♀).</p><p>For the complete list of taxonomic references see WSC (2025).</p><p>Type material (not examined). Holotype ♀: JAPAN, Osaka Pref.: Minoh City; 28.07.1947; Yaginuma leg . Material examined. 14♂ 20♀, CHINA, Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve; 29.6845 ‒ 30.0764 °N, 109.5919‒ 109.7454°E; elev. 600‒1300 m; 28 June‒24 July 2023; C.H. Hu &amp; M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis. See diagnosis under Episunus pseudonubilus in Liang et al. (2025).</p><p>Description. See Kim (2021).</p><p>Remarks. This species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. due to similarity of the male palp and epigyne to those in the generotype.</p><p>Distribution. China (Fujian, Hubei, Hunan Jiangxi, Shanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC6FFC243B757F33514F9DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC6FFC343B7524932D2FDD4.text	5F3687AAFFC6FFC343B7524932D2FDD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus ornithorhynchus (Liu, Agnarsson, Liu & Zhu 2022) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus ornithorhynchus (Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 2D, 3C, 4F, 12, 13, 14G, H, 15G, H, 16G, H, 22</p><p>Episinus ornithorrhynchus Liu et al., 2022: 35, figs 1A‒D, 2A‒E, 3A, B (♂ ♀).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♂: CHINA, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.56&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.0731" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.56/lat 22.0731)">Mengsong Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.56&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.0731" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.56/lat 22.0731)">Mengsong Township Central Promary School</a>; 22.0731°N, 100.5600°E; elev. 1300 m; 1 August 2020; Z.C. Li et al. leg. (LJ 202004222 in CBEE) . Paratypes: 1♂ 1♀, same data as holotype (LJ202004228, 202004243, in CBEE) . 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.07" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2/lat 22.07)">Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.07" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2/lat 22.07)">Menglun Town</a>; Baka Xiaozhai; 22.0700°N, 101.2000°E; elev. 800 m; 24 July 2020; Z.C. Li et al. leg. (LJ202003774, 202003853, in CBEE)</p><p>Diagnosis. For male see diagnosis under Asiopisinus cheni sp. nov. . Male of A. ornithorhynchus (Liu,Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022) comb. nov. also resembles those of A. pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov. (cf. Fig. 12 and Liang et al. 2025: figs 5D–F, 6) in having nearly triangular embolic base (EB) and embolus (E) arising from embolic base at 3 o’clock position, but can be recognized by: 1) sperm duct (SD) in tegulum (T) unparallel to margins of embolic base (vs. parallel); 2) median apophysis (MA) extending to 4/5 of width of bulb in ventral view (vs. 1/2); and 3) sperm duct in embolic base strongly curved to C-shaped in ventral view (vs. slightly curved to S-shaped). For female see Liu et al. (2022).</p><p>Description. See Liu et al. (2022).</p><p>Remarks. This species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. due to similarity of the male palp and epigyne to those in the generotype.</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC6FFC343B7524932D2FDD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC7FFC343B7564A32D6FB73.text	5F3687AAFFC7FFC343B7564A32D6FB73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin & Yu 2025) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov.</p><p>Episinus pseudonubilus Liang et al., 2025: 12, figs 5A‒F, 6A‒C, 7A‒F, 8A‒B (♂ ♀).</p><p>Type material (not examined). Holotype ♂: CHINA, Shaanxi Province: Mei County, Taibai Mountain National Forest Park; 30.0135°N, 107.9341°E; elev. 1800 m; 9 June 2022; A.L. He et al. leg. (HNU818, in HNU) . Paratypes: 3♀, same data as for holotype (HNU819‒821, in HNU). 1♂, Feng County, Ma Village; 33.8553°N, 106.5302°E; elev. 1700 m; 6 June 2022; A.L. He et al. leg. (HNU822, in HNU). 2♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.0293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.0293/lat 33.8984)">Mei County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.0293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.0293/lat 33.8984)">Honghegu National Forest Park</a>; 34.0186°N, 107.7951°E; elev. 1700 m; 8 June 2022; A.L. He et al. leg. (HNU823‒824, in HNU). 1♂ 1♀ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.0293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.0293/lat 33.8984)">Zhouzhi County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.0293&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.8984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.0293/lat 33.8984)">Heihe National Forest Park</a>; 33.8984°N, 108.0293°E; elev. 1100 m; 10 June 2022; A.L. He et al. leg. (HNU825, 826, in HNU) .</p><p>Diagnosis. For male see diagnosis under Asiopisinus cheni sp. nov. and A. ornithorhynchus (Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022) comb. nov. . For female see diagnosis under A. cheni sp. nov. .</p><p>Description. See Liang et al. (2025).</p><p>Remarks. This species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. due to similarity of the male palp and epigyne to those in the generotype.</p><p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC7FFC343B7564A32D6FB73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC7FFC343B7513132DEF923.text	5F3687AAFFC7FFC343B7513132DEF923.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiopisinus yoshidai (Okuma 1994) Hu & Wei & Liu & Xu 2025	<div><p>Asiopisinus yoshidai (Okuma, 1994) comb. nov.</p><p>Episinus bicornutus Yoshida, 1983: 76, figs 9, 10 (♀).</p><p>Episinus yoshidai Okuma, 1994: 15, fig. 7A‒C (♂ ♀); Zhu 1998: 269, fig. 179A‒D (♂ ♀); Song et al. 1999: 119, fig. 62F, G, K (♂ ♀).</p><p>Type material (not examined). Holotype ♂: CHINA, Taiwan Province: Taichung City, Anma-shan; 2200 m; 19 October 1989; H. Ono leg. (in NSMT) . Paratype: 1♀, Taichung City, Anma-shan; elev. 2100 m; 20 October 1989; H. Ono leg. 1♀, Nantou County, Meifeng; 29 May 1980; H. Makihara leg .</p><p>Remarks. This species is transferred to Asiopisinus gen. nov. due to similarity of the male palp and epigyne to those in the generotype. This species might potentially be conspecific with A. baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan &amp; Peng, 2019) comb. nov. or A. implicatus (Liang, Liu, Yin &amp; Yu, 2025) comb. nov. . More discussions see remarks under A. baoshanensis .</p><p>Distribution. China (Taiwan) (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC7FFC343B7513132DEF923	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC7FFC043B7536133B3FEA9.text	5F3687AAFFC7FFC043B7536133B3FEA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episinus Walckenaer 1809	<div><p>Genus Episinus Walckenaer, 1809</p><p>Type species. Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 from Europe.</p><p>Remarks. Liang et al. (2025) considered Episinus longabdomenus Zhu, 1998, E. nanyue Yin, 2012, E. papilionaceous Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022, and E. xiushanicus Zhu, 1998 belonging to the angulatus group. The copulatory organs of these four species share the same characteristics with E. truncatus, including cymbium longer than wide, cymbial hook (CH) located in anterior part of cymbium and elongated prolaterally, extra tegular apophysis (ETA) present, median apophysis (MA) and tegular apophysis (TA) long and strip-shaped (Fig. 17, 20, Knoflach &amp; Pfaller 2004: fig. 20b, Agnarsson et al. 2007: figs 24‒27, 180); windings of copulatory ducts (CD) much longer than spermathecae (S) (Figs 18, 19, Knoflach &amp; Thaler 2000: fig. 22). Therefore, we provide the photos of these four species to compare with those of Asiopisinus gen. nov. .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC7FFC043B7536133B3FEA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC4FFC043B755973248FC53.text	5F3687AAFFC4FFC043B755973248FC53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episinus longabdomenus Zhu 1998	<div><p>Episinus longabdomenus Zhu, 1998</p><p>Figs 2E, 5A, 17, 21A, E, I</p><p>Episinus longabdomenus Zhu, 1998: 270, fig. 180A‒C (♂); Song et al. 1999: 119, fig. 61L, M (♂).</p><p>Material examined. 8♂, CHINA, Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9782" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7186/lat 29.9782)">Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9782" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7186/lat 29.9782)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>; 29.9782‒30.0168°N, 109.7031‒109.7186°E; elev. 800‒900 m; 27‒30 June 2023; C.H. Hu &amp; M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. See Zhu (1998).</p><p>Remarks. This species shares the same somatic characteristics with Episunus nanyue Yin, 2012, including dark brown carapace with 3 pairs of light brown lateral markings, brown markings on legs, and pairs of transverse black lines on posterior part of opisthosoma (Fig. 21A, B, E, F, I, J). Therefore, this species is likely to be conspecific with E. nanyue . Further research is needed to conclusively resolve this question.</p><p>Distribution. China (Hubei).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC4FFC043B755973248FC53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC4FFC043B757D13231FAA2.text	5F3687AAFFC4FFC043B757D13231FAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episinus nanyue Yin 2012	<div><p>Episinus nanyue Yin, 2012</p><p>Figs 1C, 5B, 18, 21B, F, J</p><p>Episinus nanyue Yin, in Yin et al., 2012: 344, fig. 139a‒c (♀).</p><p>Material examined. 3♀, CHINA, Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7031/lat 29.6953)">Miao Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7031/lat 29.6953)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7031/lat 29.6953)">Changtanhe Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.6953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7031/lat 29.6953)">Liangxihe Village</a>; 29.6953‒29.9799°N, 109.6628‒ 109.7031°E; elev. 600‒800 m; 28 June‒17 July 2023; C.H. Hu &amp; M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis and description. See Yin et al. (2012).</p><p>Remarks. See remarks under Episinus longabdomenus Zhu, 1998 .</p><p>Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC4FFC043B757D13231FAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFC4FFC143B751E03282FEA9.text	5F3687AAFFC4FFC143B751E03282FEA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episinus papilionaceous Liu, Agnarsson, Liu & Zhu 2022	<div><p>Episinus papilionaceous Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022</p><p>Figs 5C, 19, 21C, G, K</p><p>Episinus xiushanicus Jin, 2018: 22, fig. 4‒12.B‒D (♀, misidentified).</p><p>Episinus papilionaceous Liu et al., 2022: 39, fig. 4A‒D (♀).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀: CHINA, Hunan Province: Zhangjiajie City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.7864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.095/lat 29.7864)">Badagong Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>; 29.7864°N, 110.0950°E; elev. 1400 m; 2 June 2018; F.X. Liu &amp; Z.C. Li leg. (LJ2018.6.2.001, in CBEE).</p><p>Additional material examined. 3♀, CHINA, Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-30.0242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.7472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -30.0242/lat 29.7472)">Miao Enshi Tujia</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-30.0242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.7472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -30.0242/lat 29.7472)">Miao Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-30.0242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.7472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -30.0242/lat 29.7472)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>; 29.7472 ‒30.0242 °N, 109.7454‒ 109.7565°E; 1300‒1900 m; 13‒31 July 2023; C.H. Hu &amp; M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis and description. See Liu et al. (2022).</p><p>Remarks. This species shares the same somatic characteristics with the male of Episinus xiushanicus Zhu, 1998, including yellow carapace with broad brown longitudinal marking, 2 brown lateral lines, and black lateral margins, yellow clypeus with a black longitudinal line, brown markings on legs, and 3 pairs of black transverse lines on posterior part of opisthosoma (Fig. 21C, D, G, H, K, L). Jin (2018) reported an Episinus species and identified it as E. xiushanicus, which exhibits the same epigynal characteristics with E. papilionaceous (Jin 2018: fig. 4‒12.B‒ D). However, the photos provided by Jin (2018) are different from original illustrations of E. xiushanicus (Zhu 1998: fig. 174C, D). Unfortunately, the types of E. xiushanicus are unavailable for examination. Further research is needed to conclusively resolve this question.</p><p>Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFC4FFC143B751E03282FEA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
5F3687AAFFD5FFD143B7513733EFF97E.text	5F3687AAFFD5FFD143B7513733EFF97E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episinus xiushanicus Zhu 1998	<div><p>Episinus xiushanicus Zhu, 1998</p><p>Figs 2F, 5D, 20, 21D, H, I</p><p>Episinus xiushanicus Zhu, 1998: 263, fig. 171A‒F (♂ ♀); Song et al. 1999: 119, fig. 62D, E, J (♂ ♀); Jin 2018: 22, fig. 4‒12.B, E‒G (♂).</p><p>Material examined. 3♂, CHINA, Hubei Province: Enshi Tujia and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7557/lat 29.9632)">Miao Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7557/lat 29.9632)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>; 29.9632‒29.7472°N, 109.7454‒109.7557°E; elev. 1300‒1800 m; 30 May‒1 June 2024; C.H. Hu &amp; M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. See Zhu (1998).</p><p>Remarks. See remarks under Episinus papilionaceous Liu, Agnarsson, Liu &amp; Zhu, 2022 .</p><p>Distribution. China (Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Hubei, Zhejiang).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F3687AAFFD5FFD143B7513733EFF97E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Wei, Mian;Liu, Jie;Xu, Xiang	Hu, Changhao, Wei, Mian, Liu, Jie, Xu, Xiang (2025): Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa 5660 (4): 475-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2
