identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E1D1626FFCAFFF1CDFE85D9FB6AFAA3.text	5E1D1626FFCAFFF1CDFE85D9FB6AFAA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides Champion 1908	<div><p>Stethobaroides Champion, 1908</p><p>Type species. Stethobaroides nudiventris Champion, by original designation.</p><p>Redescription. The original description of the genus (Champion 1908, p. 399) is modified as follows, with my additions underlined: Mandibles decussate; rostrum arcuate, moderately long, antennae inserted at or slightly behind middle, club acuminate-ovate; prothorax transverse, subconical, abruptly constricted and tubulate in front, feebly bisinuate at base, median lobe emarginate; scutellum free, oblong, narrow, parallel-sided; elytra rounded-triangular, with obliquely truncated humeri, leaving upper portion of mesothoracic epimera exposed, sharply crenate-striate, separately rounded at apex, interstrial sulci absent; pygidium exposed, transverse, subvertical, sexually dimorphic; prosternum deeply sulcate, sulcus widening to anterior coxae, then narrowed and margined between them, basal process short; anterior coxae separated by about one half, intermediate and posterior coxae by nearly twice, their own width; mesosternum depressed, exposed, connate with metasternum; ventral segments 1 and 2 connate in their median third; femora sublinear, unarmed; tibiae strongly unguiculate; tarsal claws minute, narrowly separated; body subrhomboidal to ovate, moderately arched, glabrous above (one species with microscopic setae).</p><p>The following gender-specific traits apply: Male with rostrum stout, antenna inserted at mid-length; sternite 7 with two rows of plectra for stridulation (Fig. 3), sternite 8 with distal 2/3 protruding beyond elytral apices, last ventrite with setose median depression and with apical margin gently sinuous, basal ventrites depressed; penis elongate and of moderate size, endophallic sclerites absent, tegmen with apodeme wide and short (Figs. 4, 5); female slightly more elongate than male, with rostrum longer, slenderer and antenna more basally; exposed part of pygidium formed by short sloping apical portion of sternite 7, last ventrite without median depression but frequently with divergent sculpture and distal margin (Fig. 6), basal ventrites convex; spermathecal duct as long as bursa, inserted ventrally near base of bursa, sternum 8 distally with even row of notably long setae (Fig. 7).</p><p>Diagnosis. The known species are 2.3–4.1 mm long and, as noted by Champion (1908), resemble species of the genus Stethobaris (including the doubtfully distinct Cerpheres, Diorymerellus, Lasiobaris, Ovanius and Montella). Stethobaroides differs from Stethobaris by the exposed, sexually dimorphic pygidium, separately rounded elytral apices and the absence of interstrial sulci in males (Prena &amp; O’Brien 2011). The sinuous distal margin of the last ventrite of females (Fig. 6) is also diagnostic. Miniaturization of the male genitalia, common in Stethobaris (Prena &amp; O’Brien 2011), does not occur in Stethobaroides . Other differences mentioned by Champion (1908) and Casey (1922), such as the distance between the procoxae, the shape of the scutellum, the anteriorly protruded elytral margin and the length of the antennal club, do not hold for all included species. Numerous other genera have superficially similar species but these have longer claws or a covered pygidium and most lack a subtriangular prosternal depression.</p><p>Distribution. The genus is known from México, Central America (not including West Indies), Colombia, Ecuador and the Atlantic lowlands of South America south to southern Brazil. Most records are from low elevations, the highest is from nearly 2000 m at Jericó in Antioquia, Colombia (J. Cardona Duque, personal information).</p><p>Life history. Plant associations are available for all Stethobaroides species except the three large ones from the Mexican Pacific regions. Adult weevils occurred particularly on flowering orchids of the subtribes Catasetinae and Stanhopeinae in Cymbidieae, subfamily Epidendroideae (Hentrich 2003, Morales Báez et al. 2016, Córdova Ballona &amp; Sánchez Soto 2022, Garlet et al. 2025; M. Amador, E. Baron, J. Cardona Duque, H. Hespenheide, K. Nishida, G. Quintos Andrade, Y. Sageth Ruiz, P. Sanz Veiga, H. Stockwell, all unpublished observations). Adult weevils of one species occurred numerously on Vanilla planifolia Andrews in Costa Rica (see under S. permixtus). Fonseca (1957) reported associations with Cattleya Lindl. and Laelia Lindl., and Rivera Coto &amp; Corrales Moreira (2007) with another ten genera of various epidendroid tribes, mostly Laeliinae. The records of these two latter works need verification because of possible confusion with species of Stethobaris . Larvae of S. nudiventris, S. scutellatus and an unidentified species from El Salvador develop in the flower (Morales Báez et al. 2016; P. Sanz Veiga and Y. Sageth Ruiz, personal information). The complete life cycle has been explored in detail only for S. scutellatus in the states of São Paulo and Pará, Brazil (P. Sanz Veiga, personal information) and will be documented in a separate paper. Published life history data may not always be accurate because up to three species of Stethobaroides and Stethobaris found together on the same plant had been included in the series examined by me.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFCAFFF1CDFE85D9FB6AFAA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFCFFFF0CDFE85D9FBD5F895.text	5E1D1626FFCFFFF0CDFE85D9FBD5F895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides elcoranus Prena 2025	<div><p>Stethobaroides elcoranus Prena, new species</p><p>(Figs. 4A, 6A, 8)</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DB4B8597-786D-470B-83E7-AD2B627CAC89</p><p>Diagnosis. Stethobaroides elcoranus occupies an intermediate position between the somewhat larger, ventrally pilose S. piliventris and S. villus from the same general area and the smaller species from the Caribbean side of Mexico and further south. The South American S. scutellatus, with nearly identical male genitalia (Figs. 4A, 5A–D), is slightly stouter. The Costa Rican S. lauro has the penis abruptly bent in lateral view and a longer orifice (Fig. 4F).</p><p>Description. Total length 3.4–3.8 mm, habitus as Fig. 8, more elongate than smaller species; integument mostly black, antenna and distal tarsite ruddy, dorsally faintly punctate and glabrous, ventrally with inconspicuous appressed setae, setae more erect and condensed along prosternal channel, on distal ventrites and underneath femora; penis slightly narrowed from near base to apex in dorsal view, apex round, rather evenly curved in lateral view (Fig. 4A); ventrite 5 of female with apical margin gently bisinuate (Fig. 6A).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latinised adjective derived from the name of the type locality.</p><p>Life history. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known only from the series collected at Adolph Lüdecke’s coffee plantation “El Cora” in the former Territorio de Tepic, today a village in the municipality of San Blas, Nayarit, México.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, México, dissected, labelled “El Cora / Tepic / Ad. Lüdecke ” (MfNB) . Paratypes 3: same data as holotype, 2 males (JPPC, MfNB), 1 female (MfNB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFCFFFF0CDFE85D9FBD5F895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC3FFFCCDFE872AFAD3FE0B.text	5E1D1626FFC3FFFCCDFE872AFAD3FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides piliventris Champion 1908	<div><p>Stethobaroides piliventris Champion</p><p>(Fig. 9A)</p><p>Stethobaroides piliventris Champion, 1908: 399–400 . Holotype male (NHMUK).</p><p>Diagnosis. At 4.3 mm, S. piliventris is one of three relatively large species found on the Pacific side of central México. Diagnostic is the presence of long hairs on the male thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Fig. 9A). In S. villus, the vestiture is much more pronounced and covers all ventral parts including the legs (Fig. 9B). The third large species in this region, S. elcoranus, has inconspicuous short hairs on the male basal ventrites (Fig. 8C). Female S. piliventris and S. villus are not known at present.</p><p>Life history. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known so far only from the holotype collected in San Juan Juquila Mixes during the mid 1850s.</p><p>Material examined. MÉXICO. Oaxaca: Juquila, A. Sallé, digital images of holotype (NHMUK) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC3FFFCCDFE872AFAD3FE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC2FFFCCDFE8231FCBEFBA7.text	5E1D1626FFC2FFFCCDFE8231FCBEFBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides villus Prena 2025	<div><p>Stethobaroides villus Prena, new species</p><p>(Figs. 4B, 9B)</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DBFD6A3E-A8BB-45D5-9246-1E901844C7E3</p><p>Diagnosis. Stethobaroides villus is one of three relatively large species from the Pacific side of central México. It differs from other known species by distinct dorsal punctation and conspicuous vestiture on the legs and all ventral parts (Fig. 9B). Species from other regions measure at most 3.3 mm.</p><p>Description. Total length 4.0– 4.1 mm, habitus as Fig. 9B, more elongate than smaller species; integument mostly black, antenna and distal tarsites brown, pronotum and elytral interstriae distinctly punctate and with microscopic setae, ventral portions and legs with conspicuous light yellow setae; penis with basal portion distinctly curved in lateral view, shape ovate-lanceolate in dorsal view, apex round (Fig. 4B); female unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin noun in apposition.</p><p>Life history. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known only from the series collected at Adolph Lüdecke’s plantation “El Cora” in the former Territorio de Tepic, today a village in the municipality of San Blas, Nayarit, México.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, México, dissected, labelled “El Cora / Tepic / Ad. Lüdecke ” (MfNB) . Paratypes 3: same data as holotype, 3 males (JPPC 1, MfNB 2) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC2FFFCCDFE8231FCBEFBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC2FFFFCDFE84DDFBBAFA25.text	5E1D1626FFC2FFFFCDFE84DDFBBAFA25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides badicrus Prena 2025	<div><p>Stethobaroides badicrus Prena, new species</p><p>(Figs. 4C, 6B, 10)</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6B6496AA-3357-4883-9B1F-8953DB18C309</p><p>Diagnosis. Stethobaroides badicrus is a small, comparatively slender species. Characteristic are the setose flanks of the prothorax and the usually dark reddish derma of antenna, prorostrum and legs. Small teneral S. permixtus are similar and may require genitalia dissection.</p><p>Description. Total length 2.3–2.7 mm, habitus as Fig. 10; integument mostly black, antenna, legs and prorostrum variously ruddy, pronotum and interstriae faintly punctate and glabrous, thoracic ventrites and appendages with appressed setae, setae more erect and condensed along prosternal channel and on distal ventrite of male; penis curved evenly in lateral view, shape ovate-lanceolate in dorsal view, apex pointed (Fig. 4C); ventrite 5 of female transversely rugose medially and with apical margin distinctly bisinuate (Fig. 6B).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a composite noun in apposition derived from Latin badius (reddish-brown) and crus (leg).</p><p>Life history. This species has been found repeatedly on flowering Gongora Ruiz &amp; Pav. species in the Costa Rican La Selva reserve, the first time by Henry Hespenheide in the early 1990s. Most observations apply to a taxonomically unresolved complex in the autonymous section Gongora, recorded as Gongora quinquenervis on the labels following Standley (1937). Kenji Nishida found S. badicrus and S. permixtus co-occurring on the same plant in 2004 (Fig. 1), with S. badicrus being more abundant. Stethobaroides badicrus also occurred at two occasions together with an undescribed species of Stethobaris .</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from the OTS field station La Selva in the Atlantic lowland of Costa Rica.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, Costa Rica, labelled “ COSTA Rica: Heredia / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.01667/lat 10.433333)">Pr</a>: La Selva Biol. Sta. / 3 km S Pto. Viejo / 10° 26’N 84° 01’W ”, “ 28.vii.1992 / H. A. Hespenheide ”, “ Gongora unicolor ” (MNCR) . Paratypes 43 (35 males, 8 females), same data as holotype, 1 female (MNCR); same locality, 26.v.1991, H.A. Hespenheide, Gongora 5-nervis, 1 male (JPPC) ; same locality, 7.vii.1993, H.A. Hespenheide, 1 male, 1 female (JPPC); same locality, 27.i.2004, K. Nishida, Gongora sp., 30 males, 5 females (JPPC 27, MfNB 2, NHMUK 2, SMNK 2, SNSD 2) ; same locality, III/ IV.2019, M.G. Amador, Gongora sp., 3 males, 1 female (CMNC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC2FFFFCDFE84DDFBBAFA25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC1FFFECDFE8643FBDCFAA3.text	5E1D1626FFC1FFFECDFE8643FBDCFAA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides nudiventris Champion 1908	<div><p>Stethobaroides nudiventris Champion</p><p>(Figs. 4D, 6C, 9C)</p><p>Stethobaroides nudiventris Champion, 1908: 399 . Lectotype male, here designated, labelled “Type” on disk with red margin (attached as a matter of routine by museum staff), “ ♂ ”, “Sp. figured.”, “ Mexico. Sallé Coll.”, “Toxpam”, “ B.C.A. Col. IV.5. Stethobaroides nudiventris, Champ. ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Diagnosis. At first glance, S. nudiventris (Fig. 9C) can be, and has been, confused with other, more southerly occurring species. Stethobaroides badicrus, with similar body proportions, is smaller and usually has reddish appendages and dense setae along the prosternal channel (Fig. 10). Three other species in the same size range as S. nudiventris are slightly more ovate in the respective sex, but their distinction requires representative series and practice. Diagnostic is the ovate-lanceolate, apically pointed penis (Fig. 4D) and the punctate, distally gently bisinuate fifth ventrite of the female (Fig. 6C). The available specimens measured 2.8–3.2 mm. Lengths of up to 3.7 mm, as given by Morales Báez et al. (2016), may apply to a different species and need confirmation.</p><p>Life history. Morales Báez et al. (2016) reported that adult weevils appeared on Catasetum integerrimum Hook with the onset of the flowering season in July. Eggs were laid in young flowers and an average of three larvae developed per petal. Infested petals decayed within three days and were aborted. Pupae were not found. Córdova Ballona &amp; Sánchez Soto (2022) confirmed the development in C. integerrimum flowers in Tabasco, reared adults but gave no further details about the development of the immature stages. Gerardo Quintos Andrade (INECOL Xalapa, personal information) found adults in the flowers of Stanhopea dodsoniana Salazar &amp; Soto Arenas and Mormodes Lindl. in Xalapa, Veracruz. Observations on other orchids made outside México apply to different species.</p><p>Distribution. The species occurs around the Gulf of México, from the State of Taumaulipas in northeast México southward to Belize.</p><p>Material examined. MÉXICO. Veracruz-Llave: Toxpam, A. Sallé (SDEI 1, SNSD 4), digital images of lectotype and 5 paralectotypes (NHMUK 6) . BELIZE. Río Hondo, F.J. Blancaneaux, digital images of paralectotypes (NHMUK 7) .</p><p>Additional records. MÉXICO. Tabasco: Huimanguillo mpo., Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Tabasco (Sánchez Soto &amp; Córdova Ballona 2022). Tamaulipas: Reserva de la Biósfera El Cielo, Gómez Farías (Rosas Mejía et al. 2021). Veracruz-Llave: La Estanzuela, Emilian Zapata (Morales Báez et al. 2016); El Espinal, Naolinco (Morales Báez et al. 2016); El Tajín archaeological zone, Papantla (Ortiz de Angel et al. 2019).</p><p>Notes. Stethobaroides nudiventris is the type species of the genus. Because the original series included more than one species, I designate here as lectotype the card-mounted (all others are on points) and in the original publication illustrated Toxpam specimen. Another seven specimens from Toxpam (NHMUK 5, SNSD 2), seven from Río Hondo (NHMUK) and one from “ Colombia ” (NHMUK) are paralectotypes. The two SNSD specimens still have Champion’s handwritten labels, which no longer exist in the NHMUK series. I dissected one Toxpam male (Fig. 4D) and it agreed well with the illustrations in Morales Báez et al. (2016). Three more of Auguste Sallé’s specimens from Toxpam (SDEI 1, SNSD 2) are labelled with the unpublished name Centrinus toxpamensis Faust. Sallé obviously distributed specimens before Frederick Godman purchased the remaining stock for the Biologia Centrali-Americana (Godman 1915). Blancaneaux’s specimens from the Belizean-Mexican border probably belong to S. nudiventris as well, whereas the specimen from 19th Century Colombia (not identical with the territory of today’s República de Colombia) is a different species.</p><p>Toxpam (also spelled Tospam and Tuspan) refers to the pre-Hispanic site of Toxpan, northeast of Córdoba, where José Apolinario Nieto (1810–1873) owned a coffee plantation of the same name. Müller (1864) provides a vivid image of the place. As a young man, Nieto aided Charles-Alexandre Lesueur during trips to the Mexican Gulf region (Sosa 1885, Cervera Sanchís 2013). Henry Dupont, and through him Auguste Chevrolat and others, obtained their collected beetles (Chevrolat 1833, Dupont 1838). Sallé, who was Chevrolat’s godchild, used Nieto’s plantation as his headquarters for fieldwork in 1854–1856 (Boucard 1875, Sclater 1897).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC1FFFECDFE8643FBDCFAA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC0FFF8CDFE85D9FB5DFC37.text	5E1D1626FFC0FFF8CDFE85D9FB5DFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides scutellatus Casey 1922	<div><p>Stethobaroides scutellatus Casey</p><p>(Figs. 3, 5, 6D, 7, 11A)</p><p>Stethobaroides scutellatus Casey, 1922: 413 . Holotype male (USNM, type 45667).</p><p>Diorymerellus vigintiestriatus Fonseca, 1957: 243 . Five of 13 syntypes at CEAH, lectotype not designated. New synonymy. Stethobaris vigintiestriata: Wibmer &amp; O’Brien (1986: 329).</p><p>Diagnosis. Stethobaroides scutellatus belongs to a complex of short ovate species found in South America and along both sides of the Central American mountain ranges (Fig. 11). Presently it is the only named representative of the genus in South America and can be distinguished from morphologically similar species from Central America and the abutting lowlands west of the Andes by sexual characteristics and allopatry. Diagnostic is the fifth ventrite of the female, with widely spaced punctation and gently bisinuate distal margin (Fig. 6D). Stethobaroides lauro and specimens from the Pacific lowlands west of the Andes have a similar penis (Figs. 4F, 5) but their females have the fifth ventrite distally more strongly curved (Fig. 6F) than female S. scutellatus (Fig. 6D). The Mexican S. elcoranus is larger (3.4–3.8 vs. 2.7–3.3 mm), slightly more elongate and ventrally finely setose (Fig. 8).</p><p>Life history. Garlet et al. (2025) found S. scutellatus in the flowers of thirteen species and hybrids of Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth but, apparently, on no other orchid genus. The development in Catasetum is currently under investigation at the Department of Entomology and Acarology, ESALQ, University of São Paulo (P. Sanz Veiga, personal information). Fonseca (1957) reported that eggs were laid in the ovary and stem of Cattleya and Laelia species and that the larvae damaged the flowers. I have seen no S. scutellatus specimens collected from these orchid genera. Other contemporary sources, like Monte (1942) and Ferreira Lima (1943), mentioned exactly the same orchid genera as hosts for orchid weevils with a covered pygidium.</p><p>Distribution. The species occurs from French Guiana down to the South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil) but apparently not on the Pacific side of the Andes.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL. Pará, Belém (JPPC 8) ; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutônia (JPPC 6) ; São Paulo, Piracicaba (JPPC 9) , São Paulo, digital images of syntypes of D. vigintiestriatus (CEAH 5) ; “ Amazones ”, holotype of S. scutellatus (USNM 1) ; Brazil without locality (NHRS 5, SNSD 2) . FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne (NHRS 1, SNSD 2, ZNS 1) .</p><p>Additional records. BRAZIL. Goiás, Goiânia, greenhouse (P. Sanz Veiga, personal information); Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta (Garlet et al. 2025); Pará, Ananindeua (P. Sanz Veiga, personal information) .</p><p>Notes. Thomas Casey purchased his specimen, a male with origin “Amazones”, from the French insect trader Jules Desbrochers des Loges (Casey 1922). Several European collectors owned this species and Johannes Faust, one of the most knowledgeable contemporary weevil experts, had applied to it the manuscript name Centrinus anthracinus . SNSD houses four of Faust’s specimens, three originally coming from the Austrian beetle collector Franz Pipitz and one from the French collector Edmond Fleutiaux. Two of Faust’s specimens are from Cayenne in French Guiana (Fleutiaux 1, Pipitz 1) and two from “Brasilia” (Pipitz 2). Even though it is conceivable that all these historical specimens were distributed by Desbrochers, their heterogeneous label data provide no clue about the exact provenance of Casey’s type specimen.</p><p>Priscila Sanz Veiga (UNESP Botucatu, Brazil) examined five syntypes of Diorymerellus vigintiestriatus at CEAH. Based on her observations and images, I consider D. vigintiestriatus as a junior subjective synonym of S. scutellatus (new synonymy). An unidentified female specimen from the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, found by Corrales Moreira &amp; Rivera Coto (2003) in an orchid nursery together with a male near S. lauro (see notes there), is exceedingly similar to S. scutellatus . With the available resources, I am unable to ascertain if this pair represents a single species and whether the female is from the region or introduced with traded plants.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC0FFF8CDFE85D9FB5DFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC6FFFBCDFE842DFE19FD5F.text	5E1D1626FFC6FFFBCDFE842DFE19FD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides permixtus Prena 2025	<div><p>Stethobaroides permixtus Prena, new species</p><p>(Figs. 4E, 6E, 11B)</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0245EADA-76A2-49F0-BDAA-FD060327F949</p><p>Diagnosis. Stethobaroides permixtus is a short ovate species with virtually identical habitus as S. lauro and S. scutellatus (Fig. 11). The penis of S. permixtus (Fig. 4E) is similarly ovate-lanceolate as in S. badicrus and S. nudiventris from the Atlantic region (Figs. 4C, 4D) and differs notably from those of the externally similar S. lauro from the Pacific region (Fig. 4F) and S. scutellatus from South America (Fig. 5). Female S. permixtus (Fig. 6E) have the distal margin of the fifth ventrite similarly strongly bisinuate as female S. lauro (Fig. 6F) but the two species seem to be allopatric.</p><p>Description. Habitus short ovate (Fig. 11B), much agreeing with S. lauro and S. scutellatus; penis basally bent in lateral view, in dorsal view ovate-lanceolate with roundly narrowed apex (Fig. 4E); female with ventrite 5 transversely rugose medially and with lobe at middle of apical margin narrow (Fig. 6E); total length 2.5–3.0 mm.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin participle meaning confounded or mingled together.</p><p>Life history. Adult weevils were collected repeatedly from Catasetum maculatum Kunth in Costa Rica and Panamá. Some occurred together with S. badicrus and an undescribed species of Stethobaris on Gongora in Costa Rica (Fig. 1). The weevil larvae that damaged Gongora flower buds on Barro Colorado Island (Dressler 1968) might have been either S. permixtus or a species of Stethobaris . Habitus photographs and label data provided by H. Lezama (MUCR) suggest that the observed association of Stethobaris sp. with Vanilla sp. by Rivera Coto &amp; Corrales Moreira (2007) probably applies to a large series of S. permixtus gleaned from V. planifolia in Pococí, Limón Province, Costa Rica.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known from the Atlantic lowland of Costa Rica and from central Panamá.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, Costa Rica, labelled “ COSTA Rica: Heredia / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.01667/lat 10.433333)">Pr</a>: La Selva Biol. Sta. / 3 km S Pto. Viejo / 10° 26’N 84° 01’W ”, “ Catasetum / maculatum / 16.viii.1996 / H.A. Hespenheide ” (MNCR) . Paratypes 141 (78 males, 63 females): same data as holotype, 3 males, 3 females (CMNC 2, MNCR 2, TAMU 2); same locality, 20.vi.1991, H.A. Hespenheide, 1 male (TAMU); same locality, 21.vii.1992, H.A, Hespenheide, 11 males, 4 females (CMNC 2, TAMU 13); same locality, 7.vii.1993, H.A. Hespenheide, 1 male, 1 female (TAMU); same locality, 13.viii.l996, H.A. Hespenheide, 2 males, 4 females (CMNC 1, JPPC 1, TAMU 4); same locality, 27.i.2004, K. Nishida, Gongora sp., 4 males, 3 females (JPPC 3, MfNB 2, SMNK 2). Panamá: Panamá <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.833336/lat 9.166667)">Prov.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.833336/lat 9.166667)">Ancón</a>, 30.ix.1993, H.P. Stockwell, Catasetum maculatum, 2 males, 1 female (CMNC); Panamá <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.833336/lat 9.166667)">Ciudad</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.833336/lat 9.166667)">Barrio El Cangrejo</a>, 7.vii.1970, H.A. Hespenheide, Catasetum sp., 5 males, 7 females (CMNC 2, TAMU 10); Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, 9° 10’N 79° 50’W, 15.vi.1977, H.A. Hespenheide, 49 males, 40 females (CMNC 22, TAMU 67) .</p><p>Additional material. Costa Rica: Limón, Pococí, Guápiles, 265 m, 7.v.2004, G. Corrales Moreira, Vanilla planifolia (MUCR 26) .</p><p>Notes. Because specimens of S. permixtus were mistaken in the past for S. nudiventris, information published about the latter apply partially to the former. Examples are some country records in O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (1982) and Prena &amp; O’Brien (2011) and morphological and phylogenetic data in Davis (2009, 2011). My identification of the series from Guápiles, listed above under additional material, is based on photos and therefore tentative. Genitalia dissections were not made.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC6FFFBCDFE842DFE19FD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC5FFFACDFE82C5FAD4FF0F.text	5E1D1626FFC5FFFACDFE82C5FAD4FF0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides lauro Prena 2025	<div><p>Stethobaroides lauro Prena, new species</p><p>(Figs. 4F, 6F, 11C)</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5B6A744-F964-43E8-B1AC-CC71AC78A1E3</p><p>Diagnosis. Stethobaroides lauro is a short ovate species with virtually identical habitus as S. permixtus and S. scutellatus (Fig. 11). It represents the Pacific, still imperfectly understood branch of this species complex (see notes below). Diagnostic is the basally bent penis with gradually converging sides and round apex (Fig. 4F). Stethobaroides lauro can be distinguished best from the South American S. scutellatus, with a similar but basally evenly bent penis (Fig. 5), by the strongly bisinuate distal margin of the fifth ventrite of the female (Fig. 6F). Stethobaris permixtus in turn, also with a strongly bisinuate distal margin, has a penis with convex sides (Fig. 4E).</p><p>Description. Habitus short ovate (Fig. 11C), much agreeing with S. scutellatus and S. permixtus; penis with sides evenly converging and apex round (Fig. 4F), female with ventrite 5 densely punctate to faintly rugose, distal margin strongly bisinuate, lobe in middle subrectangular (Fig. 6F); total length 2.5–2.9 mm.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in apposition, honouring the late Costa Rican botanist and university professor Jorge Gómez “Lauro” Laurito (1959–2014). The dedication was proposed by Heiko Hentrich, his former student and discoverer of the species.</p><p>Life history. Hentrich (2003) found S. lauro in young inflorescences of orchids of the genus Gongora, section Gongora . All preserved specimens are vouchers retained from individual observations, which encompassed up to eight specimens per inflorescence (Hentrich 2003). They occurred together with the same Stethobaris species that Rivera Coto &amp; Corrales Moreira (2007) observed on cultivated Oncidium Sw. in Naranjo, Alajuela Province.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known from Puntarenas Province on the Pacific side of Costa Rica.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male, dissected, labelled “ COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Cordillera de Talamanca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.02339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.415388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.02339/lat 9.415388)">Aguirre</a>, 1 km N Cooperativa El Silencio, 100 m, leg. H. Hentrich ”, “ N 9° 24’ 55.4” / W 84° 01’ 24.2” / M-Nr. 10 / 19.v.2003 ”, “on flowers and seed capsules of Gongora spec. ( Orchidaceae)” (SMNK) . Paratypes (2 males, 4 females): Same data as holotype except M-Nr. 1, 29.iii.2003, 1 male (JPPC), M-Nr. 3, 10.iv.2003, 1 male (SMNK), M-Nr. 04, 21.iv.2003, 1 female (JPPC), M-Nr. 5, 28.iv.2003, 1 female (SMNK), M-Nr. 08, 6.v.2003, 1 female (SMNK); Estacion Sirena, 0–100m, P.N. Corcovado, Prov. Puntarenas, 21.iii.–21.iv.1992, Z. Fuentes, L-S 270500 508300, INBIO CRI000 880186, 1 female (MNCR) .</p><p>Notes. I examined a single pair (JPPC) from Nicoya Centro, Guanacaste Province of Costa Rica obtained during the survey of Corrales Moreira &amp; Rivera Coto (2003). The male, without documented host data, has nearly identical genitalia as S. lauro . The accompanying female, found in the flower of a species of Catasetum on the same day, has the distal margin of the fifth ventrite gently bisinuate as S. scutellatus and not nearly as much as S. lauro . A series consisting of one male and two females collected at Río Palenque Biological Station in Ecuador (CMNC) largely agrees with S. lauro, except that the penis is more elongate. I have not examined the specimens so far reported from Colombia (Champion 1908; Girón &amp; Cardona Duque 2018) and El Salvador (Fig. 2). Given the meagreness of the presently known material, I am describing S. lauro from the most northern series with host data available to me and exclude all others. Representative, systematically accrued collections are needed to safely distinguish other species that may occur in the Pacific regions of Central America and the abutting lowlands of South America.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC5FFFACDFE82C5FAD4FF0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
5E1D1626FFC4FFFACDFE8134FA43FBDC.text	5E1D1626FFC4FFFACDFE8134FA43FBDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethobaroides	<div><p>Key to the named species of Stethobaroides</p><p>1 Length 3.4–4.3 mm; male basal ventrites with hairs (short and indistinct in 1 species); México (Pacific side)............. 2</p><p>- Length 2.3–3.3 mm; male basal ventrites glabrous; México (Atlantic side), Central and South America................. 4</p><p>2 Basal ventrites of male with inconspicuous short setae.......................................... S. elcoranus sp. n.</p><p>- Basal ventrites of male with long setae.................................................................... 3</p><p>3 Legs and underside with inconspicuous vestiture (Fig. 9A)................................. S. piliventris Champion</p><p>- Legs and underside with distinct vestiture (Fig. 9B)................................................ S. villus sp. n.</p><p>4 Body similarly elongate as in large species above (L/W&gt;1.75); penis with apex pointed and bent ventrad (Figs. 4C, 4D).... 5</p><p>- Body slightly stouter (L/W&lt;1.75); penis with apex more roundly narrowed and nearly straight in lateral view (Figs. 4E, 4F, 5) (identification of the following species requires females and genitalia dissection of males)........................... 6</p><p>5 Size 2.3–2.7 mm; appendages reddish, body black; prothorax ventrolaterally with conspicuous vestiture of yellow setae; Atlantic side of Costa Rica ................................................................. S. badicrus sp. n.</p><p>- Size 2.9–3.2 mm; legs, rostrum and antenna black or fuscous (teneral specimens with reddish appendages have reddish brown body); prothorax ventrolaterally with inconspicuous setae; Atlantic side of central Mexico, Belize .............................................................................................. S. nudiventris Champion</p><p>6 Ventrite 5 of female with distal margin gently bisinuate (Fig. 6D); penis bent evenly in lateral view, orifice short (Fig. 5); Atlantic lowlands of South America........................................................ S. scutellatus Casey</p><p>- Ventrite 5 of female with distal margin distinctly bisinuate, lobe at middle of distal margin cutting deep into sternite 7 (Figs. 6E, 6F); penis bent somewhat angularly in lateral view, orifice long (Figs. 4E, 4F); Central America and abutting Pacific lowlands of South America..................................................................................... 7</p><p>7 Ventrite 5 of female with transversely confluent punctation, lobe at middle of distal margin more narrowly produced (Fig. 6E); penis with sides convex (Fig. 4E); Atlantic side of Costa Rica, Panamá ............................. S. permixtus sp. n.</p><p>- Ventrite 5 of female with indistinctly confluent punctation, lobe at middle subrectangular (Fig. 6F); penis with sides gradually narrowed (Fig. 4F); Pacific side of Cordillera de Talamanca.......................................... S. lauro sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E1D1626FFC4FFFACDFE8134FA43FBDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prena, Jens	Prena, Jens (2025): Neotropical orchid-weevils of the genus Stethobaroides Champion (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae). Zootaxa 5723 (2): 227-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.2.4
