identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
70C57444733F5CC1B42AE716455B51E1.text	70C57444733F5CC1B42AE716455B51E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastias symmetra Meyrick 1915	<div><p>Athrypsiastias symmetra Meyrick, 1915</p><p>Figs 28, 53 A, B</p><p>Athrypsiastis symmetra Meyrick, 1915: 377.</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Papua New Guinea: Holotype • ♀, New Guinea,  Rossel Island . ASM.. 05, fwl 8 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010219753 (external examination only)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Externally indistinguishable from other white species of  Athrypsiastis . In the male genitalia, similarly to  A. chionodes, the saccular process is almost straight after the curved base whereas in the other species of  Athrypsiastis it is strongly curved, but the valva is postmedially broad and rounded in  A. symmetra whereas it is elongate and tapering in  A. chionodes . The anellus lobes are also shorter in  A. symmetra than in the other members of this genus.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 28). Forewing length 8–9 mm, wingspan 18–20 mm. Head: ocelli absent; frons with intense white appressed scales; vertex with iridescent white appressed scales, tufts of thin white scales of moderate length laterally on vertex, a ruff of long white scales on posterior part of occiput pointing posteriorly, overlaying collar of long broad flat white scales on anterior margin of prothorax, also pointing posteriorly; pilifers cylindrical, with a few bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps strongly recurved, long (3 × diameter of eye), thin, closely appressed to head; basal segment with small tuft of cream scales; second segment long, strongly curved, longer than third segment, thinly scaled white; third segment long, thin, with white appressed scales. Haustellum with basal portion scaled silver white. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate, scape silver white, without pecten, pedicel short, dorsal surface of flagellum scaled silver white throughout, pectinations long, brown, covered in white sensillae, reducing at ¾, apical portion filiform. Thorax: greyish white, tegulae short, greyish white; foreleg with femur white, tibia white with broad epiphysis, tarsus white mixed ochreous, mid legs and hind legs white with small amount of long white scaling. Forewing broad, costa gently arched at base, thereafter straight, apex obtusely rounded, termen slightly angled inwards, tornus obtusely rounded, white, iridescent, unmarked except for a thin line of pale brown scales from base of costa to 1 / 6 and an indistinct pale brown patch on the dorsum of some specimens, cilia white. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded. Ventrally, forewing and veins scaled yellowish ochreous, otherwise forewing and hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Similar, antenna filiform throughout, forewing length 10 mm, wingspan 21 mm.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Cream coloured, anal tuft cream coloured. Patches of tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7; T 8 and sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes curved; venulae slightly sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 53 A, B). Uncus anteriorly broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface very weakly emarginate, lateral edges tapering towards posterior apex. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms broad, medial plate strongly sclerotised, strongly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms, projection rounded at apex. Tegumen band narrow, deeply curved, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum robust, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with broad U-shaped basal plate; anellus lobes short and broad. Valva long and broad, costal margin sinuate, ventral membrane from costa extending to apex of valva, thickly covered in long dark setae, curved ridge at anterior margin, saccular margin of valva almost straight, small, elongate ventral sclerite postmedially, close to ventral margin, apex of valva broadly rounded. Sacculus longer than broad. Saccular process commencing from distal part of sacculus, initially curving towards saccular margin, joining sub-basally to sclerotised flagellum of process, thin membrane from costal margin of valva also attached to flagellum of process sub-basally, flagellum of process curving distally through 45 °, thick appressed robust setae on flagellum from base to pre-apical region, thick brush of long, robust, bristles pre-apically to apex of process, extending beyond apex. Aedeagus almost straight with a ridge-like cornutus in the vesica. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, slightly coiled, long broad head.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not examined.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>A reported pest of  Cinnamonum zeylanicum L. ( Lauraceae) (Robinson et al. 2001: 70),  Nephelium lappaceum ( Sapindaceae) (Yunus and Ho 1980) and  Theobroma cacao including damaging its bark (Papua New Guinea. Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries 1961: 112; Robinson et al. 2001: 70). Adults recorded between December and January.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Rossel Island and Upper Setekwa River, Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>(3 ♂)   2 ♂,  Mt. Rossel, 2100 ft., Rossel Island, Dec. 1915 – Jan. 1916 (W. F. Eichhorn), specimen no. NHMUK 010219659, slide no. NHMUK 010316426; specimen no. NHMUK 010923081, slide no. NHMUK 010316442 ; •   1 ♂, Upper Setekwa [Setakwa] R.,  Snow Mountains, Dutch  N. G., 2–3000 ft., Aug. 1910, specimen no. NHMUK 010922380, slide no. NHMUK 010316443  .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was described by Meyrick from a single female specimen collected by Albert Meek from Rossel Island, New Guinea. There are no males collected by Meek from Rossel Island. However, there are two males from Rossel Island collected by Albert Frederic Eichhorn in 1916. It is hypothesised here that these are the males of the species described by Meyrick from the Rossel Island female as  A. symmetra Meyrick. The specimen labelled Upper Setekwa River [sic] (specimen no. NHMUK 010922380), which was determined by Meyrick as  A. symmetra, has the same genitalia as the Rossel Island males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/70C57444733F5CC1B42AE716455B51E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
36C2048CD31E566B8399BCEE29EF6580.text	36C2048CD31E566B8399BCEE29EF6580.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastis cheesmanae Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Athrypsiastis cheesmanae Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 24, 50 A, B, 63</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>BIN: N / A. The sequence fragment obtained (Process ID DEPAL 048-20, Accession PP 131476) is too short to have been allocated a BIN.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>West Papua, Indonesia:   Holotype • ♂, Dutch New Guinea, Cyclops Mts.,  Sabron, 2000 ft., vii.1936, L. E. Cheesman leg., fwl 10.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923206, slide no. NHMUK 010316428, Process ID DEPAL 048-20 (325 bp)  .  Paratypes: • 7 ♂, all with collection data same as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 013700129, slide no. NHMUK 010316840; specimen no. NHMUK 013700128, slide no. NHMUK 010316841; specimen no. NHMUK 010923085, slide no. NHMUK 010316508; specimen no. NHMUK 013700095, slide no. NHMUK 010316413; specimen nos. NHMUK 013700096; NHMUK 013700097; NHMUK 013699624 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The adult is indistinguishable from other white species of  Athrypsiastis . In the male genitalia, the broad, apically pointed, valva is somewhat similar to  A. delicata Diakonoff but the costal ventral membrane in  A. cheesmanae is strongly sinuate, the hairs on the costal ventral membrane are longer and denser and the saccular process is more acutely curved towards the saccular margin than in  A. delicata .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 24). Forewing length 10–11 mm, wingspan 22–23.5 mm. Head: ocelli absent, frons with cream appressed scales; vertex with appressed iridescent white scales, tufts of longer cream scales laterally on vertex, two tufts of long cream scales on posterior part of occiput pointing inwards and posteriorly, overlaying thick collar of broad flat cream scales on anterior margin of prothorax, pointing posteriorly; pilifers with dense brush of short bristles; maxillary palps cream. Labial palps long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; basal segment small, white; second segment strongly curved, significantly longer than third segment, white with ochreous scaling towards base; third segment long, white appressed scales. Haustellum with silver white scaling on basal portion. Antenna bipectinate, scape white, dorsal surface of flagellum thickly scaled white over entire pectinated portion, remainder of flagellum and pectinations long, brown, covered in short white sensillae. Thorax: cream, tegulae short, cream; foreleg white, large thick tibial epiphysis, mid legs missing on all specimens, hind leg white with thin tuft of long white scales. Forewing broad, costa gently arched at base, thereafter almost straight, apex obtusely rounded, termen slightly angled inwards, tornus obtusely rounded; apex of hindwing rounded, cream white, unmarked except thin line of dark brown scales from costa to 1 / 5, sometimes a thin patch of dark brown scaling on dorsum and a faint brown terminal line from apex to tornus. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded, shining white, unmarked. Ventrally, forewings and veins pale ochreous; hindwings white, unmarked.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Cream coloured, anal tuft cream coloured. Patches of tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7; T 8 and sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes straight; venulae slightly curved.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 50 A, B). Uncus anteriorly broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface very weakly emarginate, lateral edges tapering towards posterior apex. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms broad, medial plate strongly sclerotised and slightly scobinate, strongly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band strongly arched, elongate, lateral extensions of tegumen slightly longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum robust, moderately long, very broad at base, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus moderately large. Juxta with broad U-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad and moderately short. Valva long and broad, costal margin sinuate, setose ventral membrane from costa triangular, extending post-medially, covered in dense dark setae, saccular margin of valva slightly convex, narrow ventral sclerite postmedially, distal and saccular margins broadly angled at almost 90 °, apex broadly pointed. Sacculus longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing medially in valva, long, broad, strongly sclerotised, base broad, strong, short curve basally towards saccular margin, distally curved through&gt; 90 °, short bristles on greater part of saccular process, forming a dense thin brush apically, bristles projecting beyond apex of process. Aedeagus short, uniform width throughout, slightly curved, a small ridge-like cornutus posteriorly in the vesica. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, uncoiled, head broad and elongate.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults found in June and July.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Dutch New Guinea.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>cheesmanae — named in honour of Lucy Evelyn (Evelyn) Cheesman OBE (1882–1969), a pioneering woman entomologist who made several solo trips to Papua New Guinea in the 1920 s and 1930 s. This species was collected during her collecting trip to the Cyclops Mountains in Dutch New Guinea in 1936. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This is one of three species of  Athrypsiastis (two in his own collection and this species, deposited in the NHMUK collection by Evelyn Cheesman), determined by Edward Meyrick as  Athrypsiastis symmetra, but without examination of the genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36C2048CD31E566B8399BCEE29EF6580	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
5DE22A3C14D3591A82BED8AA0EF56DF9.text	5DE22A3C14D3591A82BED8AA0EF56DF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastis edelweissella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Athrypsiastis edelweissella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 25, 51 A, B</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>West Papua, Indonesia:   Holotype • ♂, Dutch New Guinea,  Satakwa [Setakwa] River, M. 3000 ft.,. 7.10., fwl 9 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010219687, slide no. NHMUK 010316429  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The adult is indistinguishable from other white species of  Athrypsiastis . In the male genitalia the uncus is bifid with shallow medial emargination and the medial plate of the gnathos is very large and strongly sclerotised and projects posteriorly very strongly. The saccular process is very long and thin, substantially projecting beyond the apex of the valva.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 25). Forewing length 9 mm, wingspan 20 mm. Head: ocelli absent; frons with silver white appressed scales; vertex with silver white appressed scales, two tufts of long cream scales laterally on vertex, two tufts of long cream scales on posterior part of occiput pointing inwards and posteriorly, overlaying collar of broad flat silver white scales on anterior margin of prothorax, pointing posteriorly; pilifers not visible; maxillary palps white. Labial palps long (3 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved, silver white, closely appressed to head; long, basal segment with small tuft; second segment strongly curved, thinly scaled, slightly longer than third segment; third segment long with white appressed scales. Haustellum with basal portion well scaled silver white. Antenna 2 / 3 length of forewing, bipectinate, scape white, flagellum with dorsal surface (except filiform portion) scaled silver white, filiform portion black, pectinations long, black, covered in short white sensillae, pectinations reducing at ¾, apical portion filiform. Thorax: with remains of white scaling, remains of tegulae white; foreleg with femur and tibia white, long thin tibial epiphysis, tarsus brown ringed with white; mid legs missing, hind leg silver white with tuft of long silver white scales. Forewing broad, costa gently arched at base, thereafter straight, apex obtusely rounded, termen slightly angled inwards, tornus obtusely rounded, silver white, unmarked apart from small line of brown scales from base of costa of forewing to 1 / 5 and a faint ochreous tinge towards dorsum of forewing. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded, silver white, unmarked. Ventrally, costal area of forewing towards base and veins pale brown, otherwise forewing and hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White, anal tuft white. Patches of tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7; T 8 and sternites unsclerotised. Apodemes curved; venulae sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 51 A, B). The right valva is missing from the specimen but the genitalia are otherwise in good condition. Uncus long with anterior margin of dorsal surface almost straight, apically bifid with shallow medial emargination. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms large, strongly sclerotised, medial plate very strongly sclerotised, thick and broad, strongly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms, apically pointed and scobinate, gnathos projecting posteriorly further than uncus. Tegumen band deeply arched, moderately narrow, lateral extensions of tegumen short. Vinculum short, broad, robust, base slightly projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus short. Anellus lobes short and broad. Valva long and broad, substantially broadening postmedially, costal margin straight basally, curved distally, large semicircular setose ventral membrane from costa with long fine setae and large ridge at anterior margin, saccular margin of valva straight, small weak ventral sclerite postmedially, distal and saccular margins broadly angled, distal margin angled outwards, apex broadly rounded. Sacculus longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing above middle of valva, strongly curved towards saccular margin, very long, almost uniform width, projecting substantially beyond apex of valva, robust setae commencing submedially, double line of short appressed bristles commencing medially, continuing slightly beyond apex of process. Aedeagus narrow throughout, curved, slightly broader posteriorly with some sclerotisation. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, coiled, head large and broad.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adult found in July.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Dutch New Guinea.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>edelweissella — this all-white species is named after the iconic white alpine flower Leontopodium nivale (Ten.) A. Huet ex Hand. (Asteraceae), the common name of which is Edelweiss. The epithet is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DE22A3C14D3591A82BED8AA0EF56DF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
9FB30488ACD2566D8EEA52D9D9235FD3.text	9FB30488ACD2566D8EEA52D9D9235FD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastis halmaherella (Lvovsky 2014) Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Athrypsiastis halmaherella (Lvovsky, 2014) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 26, 54</p><p>Metathrinca halmaherella Lvovsky, 2014: 196.</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Indonesia: Holotype • ♂, specimen no. RMNH.INS.1283483, slide no. Gen Prep. No. 62, A. Lvovsky det., Halmahera Island,  Goa-Plains, 50–100 m, 9–12.ix.1951. The type is held at NBC  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The saccular process of this species is scythe-shaped, strongly curving towards the saccular margin. The saccular process of  A. phaeoleuca is slightly similar in shape but is broader. Also, the uncus of  A. phaeoleuca is elongate and apically spatulate whereas in this species the lateral edges of the uncus taper towards the posterior apex.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>We have examined a digitised image of the holotype. The genitalia preparation of the type has not been located but we have examined the original drawing by Alexandr Lvovsky.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The data available from the material examined, though somewhat limited, shows that this species does not form a clade with  Metathrinca . In this species, R 3 is present in the forewing, R 3, R 4, and R 5 have a common stalk and M 3 and CuA 1 are stalked. In the male genitalia, the lateral arms of the gnathos are broad and the medial plate of the gnathos appears to be strongly sclerotised and strongly scobinate and it strongly projects posteriorly. The saccular process is strongly curved both towards the saccular margin and distally. This species has the characters of the other species placed in  Athrypsiastis . We therefore transfer this species to  Athrypsiastis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FB30488ACD2566D8EEA52D9D9235FD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
F221AB6043A652C798A27235C7018788.text	F221AB6043A652C798A27235C7018788.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastis Meyrick 1910	<div><p>Genus  Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910</p><p>Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910: 457.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Athrypsiastis phaeoleuca Meyrick, 1910: 458 .</p><p>Note.</p><p>Apart from the limited materials in the NHMUK, the only specimens of  Athrypsiastis of which we are aware are the holotypes, both by monotypy, of  Athrypsiastias chionodes Diakonoff, 1954 and  A. delicata Diakonoff, 1954 . We have examined all the material described or previously identified as  Athrypsiastis at the NHMUK. We produce here a fuller description of  A. phaeoleuca . The type of  A. salva designated by Meyrick is lost, but one of the two specimens from the Meyrick collection must be the other specimen referred to in the original description, and therefore syntypic. The genitalia of both these specimens clearly places them within  Topiris and the taxon is combined as  Topiris salva (Meyrick, 1932) .  Athrypsiastis rosiflora is manifestly misplaced to genus (see Figs 22–29 and the species description). Genitalia examination shows that the material identified by Edward Meyrick as  A. symmetra contained three different species. We describe the morphology of the putative male of  A. symmetra based on topotypical material from Rossel Island, New Guinea and we describe the other two species, both from Papua New Guinea. We also describe some previously unexamined material from Sulawesi as  A. penumbrella sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Small to medium sized xyloryctid moths. R 3 is present in the forewing and R 3, R 4, and R 5 have a common stalk. M 3 and CuA 1 are also stalked. The presence of R 3 in the forewing distinguishes  Athrypsiastis from  Linoclostis and  Metathrinca . In the male genitalia of  Athrypsiastis, the medial plate of the gnathos strongly projects posteriorly from the lateral arms, is strongly sclerotised and in most species the projection is posteriorly scobinate. The saccular process is strongly curved towards the saccular margin. The aedeagus sheath is short, does not have a recurved, filament-like, distal projection and one or more cornuti are generally present. These characters distinguish  Athrypsiastis from  Topiris .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult. Head: Ocelli absent. Frons with appressed scales. Vertex with appressed scales medially, tufts of longer scales laterally and on posterior part of occiput, overlaying collar of long scales pointing posteriorly. Maxillary palps very short. Pilifers short and bristled. Labial palps long to very long (&gt; 2.5–3.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved. Haustellum scaled basally. Antenna 2 / 3 to ¾ length of forewing, scape thickly scaled, no pecten, pedicel short, male usually with dark pectinations, reducing at ¾ with apical portion filiform, but occasionally filiform throughout. Thorax: Thorax with appressed lamellate scales. Tegulae short. Foreleg with tibial epiphysis. Tibial spurs 0–2 – 4. Hindlegs with tuft of long scales. Frenulum of male a single bristle from base of hindwing coupling with retinaculum under a scaled flap towards the base of Sc on the forewing. Forewing venation: R 1 from ~ ½ discal cell, R 3 present, R 3, R 4 and R 5 with a common stalk, R 3 pre-apical or apical, R 4 and R 5 stalked, R 4 usually post-apical, R 5 post-apical. M 1, M 2 and M 3 parallel and evenly spaced. M 3 and CuA 1 stalked. CuP present. Hindwing venation: Sc and Rs widely spaced, M 3 and CuA 1 connate or stalked (Fig. 63). Forewings broad, hindwings at least as broad as forewings. Dorsal surface of forewings unicolourous except for a small line of dark brown scales at the edge of the base of the costa and, in some species, a faint darker terminal line. In some species there is also a patch of thicker scaling on the dorsum which appears greyish or brownish. Forewing cilia without lines. The pre-genital abdomen is concolourous with forewings with patches of short thick orange-brown tergal spines pointing posteriorly on posterior part of T 2 – T 7 and occasionally a small patch on T 8 (Fig. 67).</p><p>Male genitalia. Uncus broad anteriorly with anterior margin of dorsal surface usually weakly emarginate or straight, occasionally strongly emarginate, generally tapering strongly towards posterior apex, sometimes posteriorly spatulate or bifid. Gnathos fused medially with large, strongly sclerotised medial plate with single medial projection, strongly projecting posteriorly (Fig. 76). Band of tegumen of variable width, lateral extensions of tegumen generally long, occasionally short. Vinculum U or V shaped, generally projecting substantially beyond base of valvae. Valva large and broad with setose ventral membrane from costa, sometimes with ridge at anterior margin. Sacculus large, longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, folded ventrad, large and distinctive, basally curved strongly towards saccular margin, setose and strongly bristled. Aedeagus short and simple, generally with small cornutus / i.</p><p>Female genitalia. Unknown.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Athrypsiastis symmetra is reported from Cinnamon  Cinnamonum verum J. Presl (=  zeylanicum Blume) ( Lauraceae), Rambutan  Nephelium lappaceum L. ( Sapindaceae) and Cocoa  Theobroma cacao L. ( Sterculiaceae) (Yunus and Ho 1980; Robinson et al. 2001: 70).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The genus is known from Papua New Guinea, and Sulawesi and Halmahera Island, Indonesia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F221AB6043A652C798A27235C7018788	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
2C57081BD4BB510CB7F73E8EF00E8186.text	2C57081BD4BB510CB7F73E8EF00E8186.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastis penumbrella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Athrypsiastis penumbrella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 27, 52 A, B</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADR 3985 (Process ID METAT 093-18).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Indonesia: Holotype • ♂, Sulawesi, Utara,  Dumoga-Bone NP, lower montane forest, 1140 m, March 1985, Project Wallace specimen no. NHMUK 010923059, slide no. NHMUK 010316430; Process ID METAT 093-18 ;  Paratypes (5 ♂) • 1 ♂, same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010219686, slide no. NHMUK 010316842; •  1 ♂, same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010922452, slide no. NHMUK 010316843; •  2 ♂, same collection data as holotype, specimen nos. NHMUK 013700008, NHMUK 013700009; •  1 ♂, October 1985, otherwise same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 013700010 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The forewing of this species is greyish white as opposed to the pure white of the other white species of  Athrypsiastis . The antennae of the male are filiform. In the male genitalia, the anterior margin of the dorsal surface of the uncus is strongly emarginate (Fig. 52 A) and the vesica has a small patch of fine spines posteriorly (Fig. 52 B).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 27). Forewing length 12.5 mm, wingspan 27 mm. Head: ocelli absent; frons with silver grey appressed scales; vertex with silver grey appressed scales, tufts of long yellowish white scales laterally on vertex, tufts of scales on posterior part of occiput, overlaying collar of broad, flat, silver-grey scales on anterior margin of prothorax pointing posteriorly; pilifers short, cylindrical, with a few bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps very long (&gt; 3.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved, projecting away from head; basal segment with tuft of white scales; second segment long, curved, substantially longer than third, silver grey; third segment long, slightly curved, with silver grey appressed scales. Haustellum scaled basally. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, filiform throughout, brown with some silver scaling, scape without pecten, pedicel short, leading edge of flagellum covered in small white sensillae. Thorax: pale grey, tegulae short, pale grey; foreleg with femur white, tibia dark brown with thin epiphysis, tarsus dark brown mixed paler brown, mid and hind legs white, hind legs with thick tuft of long silver white scales. Forewing broad, costa arched at base, thereafter straight, apex broadly rounded, termen significantly angled inwards, tornus very obtusely rounded; wings and cilia pale greyish white, unmarked apart from a small line of dark brown scales from base of costa to 1 / 5, dorsal area of forewing with denser, slightly darker grey scaling. Hindwing at least as broad as forewing, rounded with apex very slightly projecting, dull white, unmarked. Ventrally, forewings with fuscous scaling in basal area of costa, otherwise tinged yellowish brown, veins yellowish brown; hindwings white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Pale grey; anal tuft grey. Large patches of tergal spines on posterior ½ of T 2 – T 7. Smaller patch of tergal spines on T 8; sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes slightly curved; venulae straight.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 52 A, B). Uncus anteriorly broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface strongly emarginate, lateral edges tapering towards posterior apex. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms long and strongly sclerotised, medial plate strongly sclerotised, strongly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms, apex of projection pointed, gnathos projecting further than uncus. Tegumen band rectangular, slightly curved, lateral extensions of tegumen long and broad, longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum long, robust, V shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with U-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes moderately long, broad for most of length. Valva long and broad, costal margin straight, slightly projecting medially, large setose ventral membrane from costa extending postmedially, long fine setae distally, anterior margin with curved ridge, saccular margin of valva slightly sinuate, triangular ventral sclerite postmedially, attaching apically to base of saccular process, apex of valva broad, rounded. Sacculus longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing above middle of valva, base broad, strongly curved towards saccular margin, curved through 90 ° distally, basal half setose, distal half with large brush of long robust bristles extending beyond apex of process. Aedeagus slightly broadened proximally, slightly curved, small distal projection, patch of small spines in vesica. Bulbus ejaculatorius very long, thin, almost straight.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults found in March and October at 1140 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sulawesi, Indonesia.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>penumbrella — from penumbra (modern lat.), among other things, a partial shadow. This is a white species which has a greyish shadow on the forewings. The epithet is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C57081BD4BB510CB7F73E8EF00E8186	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
17653170638E5DE4836C36C4ED07CCE2.text	17653170638E5DE4836C36C4ED07CCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athrypsiastis phaeoleuca Meyrick 1910	<div><p>Athrypsiastis phaeoleuca Meyrick, 1910</p><p>Figs 23, 49 A, B, 67, 71, 76</p><p>Athrypsiastis phaeoleuca Meyrick, 1910: 458.</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>West Papua, Indonesia:   Holotype • ♂,  Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, D. 10.93., specimen no. NHMUK 010219697, slide no. NHMUK 010316398  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The contrasting pale ochreous forewings and white hindwings distinguish this species from other  Athrypsiastis . In the male genitalia the uncus is long, rectangular, and apically spatulate and the medial plate of the gnathos strongly projects posteriorly from the lateral arms and is very broad and strongly scobinate (Fig. 76).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 23). Forewing length 7.5 mm, wingspan 17 mm. Head: ocelli absent, frons with dull reddish brown appressed scales; vertex with cream appressed scales, two tufts of long cream scales laterally on vertex, two tufts of long cream scales on posterior part of occiput, pointing posteriorly, overlaying collar of long cream scales, also pointing posteriorly; pilifers moderately broad with a tuft of short bristles; maxillary palps ochreous. Labial palps long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved, projecting strongly away from head; basal segment pale ochreous; second segment same length as third, long and strongly curved, evenly scaled pale brown; third segment long, slightly curved, pale brown appressed scales. Haustellum scaled ochreous brown at base. Antennae (both broken) bipectinate; scape pale ochreous, without pecten, dorsal surface of base of flagellum scaled pale ochreous, pectinations brown, covered in short white sensillae. Thorax: pale reddish ochreous, tegulae missing; foreleg brown, small tibial epiphysis, other legs missing. Forewing broad, costa very gently arched at base, thereafter slightly curved, apex rounded, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus very obtusely rounded, forewing yellowish ochreous with a dark pinkish tinge to the naked eye, some dark scaling at edge of base of costa, otherwise unmarked, remains of cilia white. Hindwing as broad as forewing, apex rounded, shining white, unmarked (the asymmetric colouration (see Fig. 23) is staining), cilia white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Ochreous, anal tuft pale ochreous. Patches of tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7; T 8 weakly sclerotised; sternites unsclerotised. Apodemes straight; venulae slightly sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 49 A, B, 71, 76). Uncus anteriorly broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface very weakly emarginate, long, rectangular, apically spatulate, slightly rounded at apex. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms long and broad, medial plate very broad, strongly sclerotised and scobinate, strongly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms, pointed apically. Tegumen band elongate, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum broad, robust, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with broad basal plate, anellus lobes broad, moderately short. Valva moderately short, broad, costal margin straight medially, obtusely angled post-medially, setose ventral membrane from costa narrow and without setae basally, broadening and with robust setae medially, extending post-medially, small ridge at anterio-medial edge of membrane, saccular margin of valva almost straight, distal and saccular margins very broadly angled, apex broadly pointed. Sacculus longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing above middle of valva, base broad, strongly curved towards saccular margin, curved through&gt; 90 ° distally, basal half with fine setae, distal half with long thin brush of short appressed bristles, bristles slightly extending beyond apex of process. Aedeagus short, slightly broadened proximally, small ridge-like cornutus in vesica (Fig. 71). Bulbus ejaculatorius narrow, longer than aedeagus, head broad, elongate.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adult has been found in October.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>New Guinea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17653170638E5DE4836C36C4ED07CCE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
39EF56621CCE5BF492AC15B1ED539DE5.text	39EF56621CCE5BF492AC15B1ED539DE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralecta rosiflora (Meyrick 1930) Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Paralecta rosiflora (Meyrick, 1930) comb. nov.</p><p>Athrypsiastis rosiflora Meyrick, 1930: 11.</p><p>Note.</p><p>This attractive species is known only from the type specimen, a male, collected by Albert Meek on the Upper Setakwa River in the Snow Mountains, New Guinea on 16 September 1910 (Fig. 29). We have only examined this specimen externally, but it is clear from this that it does not belong in the genus  Athrypsiastis . In this species the antennae are bipectinate and orange, tinged pink. All the legs are red. The second segment of the labial palps is red and the third segment is white. In the forewing, R 3 is separate from R 4 and R 5, R 4 and R 5 are stalked, M 1 and M 2 approximate at the disc and M 3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 are separate. In the hindwing only M 3 and CuA 1 are stalked. Externally, it resembles a number of species of  Paralecta Turner, 1898, to which it is here transferred.  Paralecta consists of more than 15 species and occurs almost entirely in New Guinea (Robinson et al. 1994). Although Turner’s original concept of  Paralecta has both 3 and 4 (M 3 and CuA 1) and 6 and 7 (M 1 and Rs) stalked in the hindwing and the antennae are described as shortly ciliate, it has been previously noted (Diakonoff 1954: 89) that several genera of the  Xyloryctidae, viz.  Cryptophasa,  Paralecta, and others, seem to be rather arbitrary; they show considerable variation as to the neuration, the structure of the male antennae and the length of the terminal segment of the labial palpi, which makes the discrimination of the genera very difficult at times. Notwithstanding the differences in this species from Turner’s original description of  Paralecta, that genus appears to be the closest to this species and the concept of  Paralecta is expanded accordingly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39EF56621CCE5BF492AC15B1ED539DE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
F8F38414BA1E5CE09AC770954CBDEA85.text	F8F38414BA1E5CE09AC770954CBDEA85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris albidella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris albidella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 20, 45 A, B, 47, 60 A, B, 70</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A. All five sequence fragments (METAT 082-18, METAT 083-18, DEPAL 051-20, DEPAL 062-20, DEPAL 063-20: see Suppl. material 2) were too short to qualify for a BIN (see Remarks).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Indonesia, Sulawesi:   Holotype • ♂, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara, Dumoga-Bone National Park, ‘  Edwards’ camp, lowland forest, 664 m, October 1985, Project Wallace, fwl 8.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923048, slide no. NHMUK 010316354, Process ID METAT 082-18 (339 bp)  .   Paratypes (11 ♂, 2 ♀): • 1 ♂ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara,  Dumoga-Bone National Park, plot B, ca. 300 m, lowland forest, September 1985, Project Wallace specimen no. NHMUK 010923049, slide no. NHMUK 010316433, Process ID METAT 083-18 (368 bp) ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, W. Celebes,  G. Rangkoenau, 900 ft., Nov. 1936, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923209, slide no. NHMUK 010316434, Process ID DEPAL 051-20 (133 bp) ; •   1 ♂; Indonesia, W. Celebes,  Koelawi Paloe, 3100 ft., Mar. 1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923220, slide no. NHMUK 010316435, Process ID DEPAL 062-20 (136 bp) ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, W. Celebes,  Koelawi Paloe, 3100 ft., Mar. 1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923221; slide no. NHMUK 010316436, Process ID DEPAL 063-20 (244 bp) ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, W. Celebes,  Lindoe Paloe, 3700 ft., Apr. 1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219660, slide no. NHMUK 010316866 ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, W. Celebes,  G. Tompoe, 2700 ft., Feb. 1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219693, slide no. NHMUK 010316848 ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara, Dumoga-Bone National Park, ‘  Hog’s Back’ Camp, Lowland Forest, 492 m, Project Wallace, September 1985, specimen no. NHMUK 010219699, slide no. NHMUK 014331359 ; •   1 ♂ W. Celebes,  Koelawi Paloe, 3100 ft., Mar.1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219658, slide no. NHMUK 014331360 ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, W. Celebes, Loda,  Paloe, 4000 ft., May 1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219763, slide no. NHMUK 014331362 ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, W. Celebes, G. Tompoe,  Paloe, W. Celebes, 2700 ft., Jan. 1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923230, slide no. NHMUK 014331363 ; •   1 ♂ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara,  Dumoga-Bone National Park, Lowland Forest, 664 m, October 1985, Project Wallace, specimen no. NHMUK 010923148, slide no. NHMUK 014331364 ; •   1 ♀ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara, Dumoga-Bone NP,  G. Mogogonipa summit 1008 m, 18–20.x.1985, Project Wallace specimen no. NHMUK 010219701, slide no. NHMUK 010316865 ; •   1 ♀  G. Rangkoenau, W. Celebes, 900 ft., Nov. 1936, leg. J. P. A. Kalis, specimen no. NHMUK 013698481, slide no. NHMUK 014331361  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species is similar externally to  T. digiticosta, but in  T. digiticosta the apex of the forewing is slightly more angulated and the terminal line terminates prior to the tornus. In the male genitalia the distal margin of the valva of  T. albidella is almost straight, the apex is pointed posteriorly but not projecting and there is a small process towards the basal margin, whereas in  T. digiticosta the apical margin is strongly concave, forming two distal lobes, the posterior lobe long and digitate, the anterior lobe smaller and curved.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 20). Forewing length 8–9.5 mm; wingspan 17.5–20 mm. Head: frons white with small area of ochreous scaling laterally; vertex with small tuft of white scales projecting forward at base of antennae with thick tufts of long white lamellate scales projecting sideways and diagonally from sides of the vertex, overlaying in part a collar of broad white scales projecting posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers short with small tuft of dark bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps long (3 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved, basal segment covered in fine ochreous scales, second segment longer than third, strongly curved, white, third segment almost straight, covered in appressed pale ochreous scales. Haustellum with basal half scaled silver white. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate, scape thickly scaled, white at base and on much of dorsal surface, otherwise dark cream, flagellum with pectinations for ¾ of length, apical portion filiform, basal flagellomeres scaled dark cream on dorsal surface, otherwise black. Thorax: white with metallic reflections, tegulae short, white; femur of foreleg pale ochreous; tibia and tarsus dark brown intermixed ochreous; moderate tibial epiphysis; mid legs and hind legs white, hind legs with thick tuft of long white scales with metallic reflections. Forewing broad, costa gently rounded at base, otherwise almost straight, apex rounded, termen almost straight, tornus slightly rounded, hindwing broad and rounded; glossy white, unmarked except for small line of dark brown scales at the base of the costa to ~ 1 / 5 and a dark brown terminal line commencing just prior to apex and terminating after tornus; dorsal patch sometimes visible. Hindwing as broad as forewing, white with a faint terminal line near 1 + 1 A. Ventrally, forewing with brownish grey scaling between costa and Sc on the forewing, veins lined with brownish scales, terminal line also present though not as distinct as the forewing, hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Similar to male, slightly larger, forewing length 9.5–11 mm; wingspan 20–24 mm, antenna filiform throughout.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White with white anal tuft. Tergal spines on posterior part of T 2 – T 7; weak sclerotisation of part of T 8 and sternites. Apodemes slightly curved, venulae slightly sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 45 A, B, 47). Uncus anteriorly broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, lateral edges tapering towards posterior apex. Gnathos not fused medially and with two narrow, strongly sclerotised lateral posterior projections. Tegumen band broad, strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum long, robust, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with broad V-shaped base plate, anellus lobes broad, tapering. Valva broad, slightly tapering distally, costal margin almost straight, setose ventral membrane from costa confined to inner half of valva, small ridge along anterior margin, distal margin almost straight, pointed posterio-apically, a small, slightly sclerotised process close to angle of distal and saccular margin, saccular margin curved towards base, otherwise straight, long thin ventral sclerite postmedially, projection attaching to basal part of saccular process. Sacculus as broad as valva, longer than broad, with scattered setae. Saccular process arising from distal part of sacculus, commencing medially in valva, straight and narrow, setose for&gt; 1 / 2 length with brush of long bristles apically. Aedeagus long with long, recurved, filament-like distal projection and pointed distal thickening, with small sclerite postmedially (Fig. 70). Bulbus ejaculatorius long with two coils and large broad hood.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 60 A, B). Papillae anales short and broad, apophyses posteriores 1 ½ × length of apophyses anteriores. S 8 with posterior and anterior margins medially recessed. Ostium small and circular. Antrum long, straight and narrow, sclerotised, melanised, and strongly scobinate almost throughout. Ductus bursae long and thin, anteriorly coiled around posterior part of corpus bursae, posteriorly thin and membranous, anteriorly finely scobinate. Corpus bursae large and elongate, without signum.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages are unknown. The Dumoga-Bone specimens were taken at light at night. The species has been found in February, March, September, October, November, and December in forest habitat from 300–1000 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from the area around Palu in the late 1930 s and from the Dumoga-Bone National Park in the mid- 1970 s. Both are in Sulawesi, Indonesia.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>albidella — from albidus (lat.), white. The adult moth of this species is almost entirely white in colour. The epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>(57 ♂): •   24 ♂ W. Celebes,  G. Rangkoenau, 900 ft., Nov. 1936 ; •   2 ♂ W. Celebes,  G. Rangkoenau, 1800 ft., Dec. 1936 ; •   3 ♂ W. Celebes,  G Tompoe, 2700 ft., Jan. 1937 ; •   8 ♂ W. Celebes,  G Tompoe, 2700 ft., Feb. 1937 ; •   1 ♂ W. Celebes,  Koelawi Paloe, 3100 ft., Mar. 1937 ; •   3 ♂ W. Celebes,  Lindoe Paloe, 3700 ft., Apr. 1937, (all J. P. A. Kalis leg) ; •   2 ♂ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara,  Dumoga-Bone National Park, 7 / 8.ii.1985, 7.9.1985 J. D. Holloway leg. ; •   3 ♂ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara,  Dumoga-Bone National Park, Project Wallace, March 1985 ;   11 ♂ Indonesia, Sulawesi, Utara,  Dumoga-Bone National Park, Project Wallace, September 1985  . The additional material was not examined in detail and does not form part of the type material.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>No full COI sequences were obtained from any specimen. Short sequences of 133–368 bp were obtained from five specimens (two failure tracking, three next generation sequences). Specimen nos. NHMUK 010923048 and NHMUK 010923049 produced sequences of 339 and 368 bp respectively. These specimens were both taken in 1985. Specimen nos. NHMUK 010923209, NHMUK 010923220 and NHMUK 010923221 (taken in 1936 and 1937 respectively) were submitted for next generation sequencing and produced sequences of 133 bp, 136 bp and 244 bp respectively. Sequences for NHMUK 010923220 and NHMUK 010923221 are almost 3 % pairwise divergent from NHMUK 010923048 and NHMUK 010923049. All these specimens are males. Their external characters are the same. Each specimen has been dissected and their genitalia are indistinguishable. We have included all these specimens within  T. albidella on the basis of the identity in their morphological characters and the substantially incomplete information from their sequences. It remains possible, however, that  T. albidella contains a species complex.  Topiris digiticosta is externally cryptic with  T. albidella although its male genitalia are readily distinguishable. We have therefore included all the additional material which appear to be this taxon on external examination, without dissection or sequencing, as  T. albidella, but not included this material in the type material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8F38414BA1E5CE09AC770954CBDEA85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
B980BDC8A9B25FFA811ABAA0487F9070.text	B980BDC8A9B25FFA811ABAA0487F9070.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris albogrisella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris albogrisella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 14, 40 A, B</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Malaysian Borneo:   Holotype • ♂, Sabah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.56&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.48" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.56/lat 5.48)">Gunong Monkobo</a>, 116.56 E, 5.48 N, Dipterocarp Forest, 7–13.viii.1987, K. R. Tuck leg., fwl 8 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923006, slide no. NHMUK 010316356  .  Paratype • ♂, same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010923005, slide no. NHMUK 010316437 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The slightly off-white colour of the forewings and brownish grey tinge to the thicker scaling on the dorsum may distinguish this species externally from other  Topiris but external determination cannot be made with certainty. In the male genitalia, the only other species with a long filament-like distal projection of the aedeagus with similar genitalia is  T. madonna . This species can be distinguished from  T. madonna by the emarginate apical margin of the valva and the apex of the uncus which is broad and rounded in this species but narrower and rectangular in  T. madonna . (Figs 40 A, 42 A).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 14). Forewing length 8 mm; wingspan 17.5 mm. Head: frons with appressed dirty white scales; vertex with long narrow white scales projecting away from base of antennae, further tufts of white scales projecting sideways from sides of occiput, two tufts of long white scales projecting posteriorly from posterior margin of occiput, overlaying in part a collar of broader white appressed scales projecting posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers short, cylindrical, with tufts of short dark bristles; maxillary palps whitish. Labial palps long (almost 3 × diameter of eye); strongly recurved; basal segment with small scale tuft; second segment longer than third, strongly curved with thin appressed matt white scales; third segment slightly curved with thin tightly appressed white scales. Haustellum with basal portion scaled silver white. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape with appressed pale ochreous scales; flagellum with short dark pectinations covered in short sensillae for ¾ of length, apical portion filiform; basal part of dorsal surface scaled pale ochreous for a short distance, thereafter dark with scattered silver scaling. Thorax: greyish ochreous with silver iridescence; tegulae short, paler. Foreleg with femur white, tibia and tarsus with dark brown scaling mixed with white; broad tibial epiphysis; mid legs and hind legs white; hind legs with dense white scale tuft. Forewing broad, costa gently curved at base, thereafter almost straight, apex rounded, termen angled inwards, tornus obtusely angled; white with a pale greyish ochreous tinge, unmarked except for a line of brown scales from the base of the costa to ~ 1 / 5, thicker scaling on dorsum terminating well before tornus, tinged greyish ochreous though indistinct, cilia white. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded and broad with a very slightly pointed apex; white. Ventrally, forewing with brown scaling between costa and Sc, veins lined with pale brown scales; hindwing dull white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White. Tergal spines on posterior part of T 2 – T 7; sternites and part of T 8 weakly sclerotised. Apodemes curved anteriorly, venulae short.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 40 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, broadening sub-apically, apically spatulate, with two small lateral processes on dorsal surface. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum robust, well sclerotised, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond the base of the valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with narrow V-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad at base, moderately long. Valva broad throughout, broadening distally, apical margin slightly emarginate, costal ventral membrane with long setae and a small tuft of bristles distally, apex of valva with tuft of short bristles, saccular margin of valva slightly curved, strong ventral sclerite postmedially with projection attaching to base of saccular process. Sacculus almost as broad as valva, longer than broad. Saccular process commencing near costa of valva, very broad, almost square in appearance, without setae or bristles, with a short fat strongly sclerotised hook apically. Aedeagus long, strongly curved, with a long, recurved, filament-like distal projection and a small distal thickening. Bulbus ejaculatorius long with two coils and a long hood.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adult found in dipterocarp forest at 975 m in August.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sabah, Malaysia.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>albogrisella — from albus (lat.), white; and griseus (lat.), grey. The forewings of this species are white with a slight grey tinge. The epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B980BDC8A9B25FFA811ABAA0487F9070	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
45B02AE51170537C9292453D8D500106.text	45B02AE51170537C9292453D8D500106.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris candidella , Walk. E. Meyrick 1863	<div><p>Topiris candidella Walker, 1863</p><p>Figs 4–6, 32 A, B, 33 A, B, 57, 62, 66, 79, 80, 82, 84–87</p><p>Topiris candidella Walker 1863: 522.</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADR 9781 (Process IDs METAT 027-18, METAT 210-19, METAT 211-19, METAT 287-24).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Malaysian Borneo: Holotype • ♂, Sarawak, Saunders Collection, fwl 7.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010219690 (labels: Fig. 85 A, B)  . Holotype by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Indistinguishable externally from other small white species and forms of  Topiris . In the male genitalia, the postmedial section of the valva is narrower than that of  T. ochrotincta and  T. schneeweissella . In  T. cinderella the setose costal ventral membrane is distally raised whereas in  T. candidella it is distally flat and the process at the base of the costal ventral membrane arises at an acute angle in  T. cinderella whereas in  T. candidella the angle is more obtuse (Figs 81, 82). In the female genitalia,  T. albidella and  T. salva lack the digitate posterio-medial processes on S 8 and in  T. schneeweissella the antrum lacks scobination (Figs 57–60, 84).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Figs 4–6). Forewing length 6.5–7.5 mm, wingspan 14.5–16.5 mm. Head: frons with pure white appressed scales; vertex with tuft of long white scales pointing upwards and away from base of antennae, further long pure white scales pointing posteriorly from sides of occiput and from posterior margin of occiput, overlaying a collar of appressed broad white scales pointing posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; maxillary palps white. Labial palps long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; small tuft of pale ochreous scales on basal segment; second segment longer than third, strongly curved, pale ochreous outer side, white on inner side; third segment slightly curved with appressed scales, ochreous mixed white. Haustellum with white scaling on basal part. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape with appressed scales white mixed ochreous; flagellum with dark pectinations for&gt; ½ length covered with short white sensillae, ochreous scaling on dorsal surface of basal flagellomeres, otherwise dark brown, apical portion filiform. Thorax: snow white; tegulae short, snow white; foreleg with femur white, tibia and tarsus brown, broad tibial epiphysis; mid and hind legs white, hind legs with short and broad white scale tuft. Forewing broad, costa slightly rounded at base, thereafter straight, apex obtusely rounded, termen slightly angled inwards, tornus obliquely angled, snow white, unmarked except for small line of brown scales from base of costa to 1 / 6. Hindwing as broad as forewing, apex very slightly projecting, white, unmarked. Ventrally, forewing with brown scaling in area between costa and Sc and pale brown scaling along veins; hindwings white.</p><p>Female. Similar to male, slightly larger, forewing length 9 mm, wingspan 19–20 mm, antenna filiform throughout.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen (Fig. 66). White, anal tuft white. Tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7, T 8 weakly sclerotised anteriorly, sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes almost straight; venulae slightly sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 32 A, B, 33 A, B, 79, 80, 82). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface very weakly emarginate, apically slightly bilobed, almost rectangular, strongly sclerotised laterally. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen same length as width of tegumen band. Vinculum short, robust, strongly sclerotised, strongly diverging distad of saccus, U shaped basally, base slightly projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus short. Juxta with base plate strongly sclerotised, V-shaped, anellus lobes almost as broad as long. Valva long, basally broad, substantially tapering postmedially, apically narrow, costal ventral membrane confined to basal half of valva, rugose and with long thin setae, distally flat, from base of which arises, at an obtuse angle, a long, setose process, apex of valva thin and rounded with tuft of bristles, saccular margin curved, strong ventral sclerite postmedially, with projection joining to base of saccular process. Sacculus very large with strong mesad shoulder, slightly longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing close to costa of valva, strongly sclerotised and melanised, broad and straight at base, narrowing towards apex, apical portion a shortish curved hook with a narrow apical point, short fine setae present. Aedeagus short, thin, slightly curved, small slightly recurved filament-like distal projection. Bulbus ejaculatorius long with elongate hood.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 57, 84). Papillae anales short and broad. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. S 8 with anterior margin strongly recessed and strongly arched ventrad, posterior margin projecting caudally, covering the ostium, with two small digitate posterio-medial lateral processes. Ostium small and circular. Antrum long, straight and narrow, strongly sclerotised and melanised almost throughout, weakly scobinate. Ductus bursae long and thin, posteriorly membranous, anteriorly finely scobinate. Corpus bursae large and elongate, without signum.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults have been recorded from mangrove forest, coastal swamp forest and kerangas forest at elevations of 0–20 m in January / February, April, and September / October. Wallace’s specimens are likely to have been found on a small hill overlooking rainforest at approximately 380 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo), Brunei.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>(18 ♂, 2 ♀)  1 ♂ Sarawak, Moore coll., 94–106, specimen number NHMUK 013700123; •  1 ♂ Sarawak, Moore coll., 94–106, specimen number NHMUK 013700125, slide no. NHMUK 014331342; •  1 ♂ Sarawak, E. W. Janson coll. 74.69, specimen no. NHMUK 013700124; •   1 ♂ 3 km WSW of  Muara, Kampong Kapok, edge of mangrove forest, 1 m, i–ii.1992, E. W. Classey leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010922995, slide no. NHMUK 010316360, Process ID METAT 027-18 ; •   1 ♂ 3 km WSW of  Muara, Kampong Kapok, edge of mangrove forest, 1 m, i–ii.1992, E. W. Classey leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923142, slide no. NHMUK 014331341 ; •   4 ♂ 3 km WSW of  Muara, Kampong Kapok, edge of mangrove forest, 1 m, i–ii.1992, E. W. Classey leg., specimen nos. NHMUK 010922994, NHMUK 013700122, NHMUK 013700121, NHMUK 013700120 ,   1 ♂ Brunei, 3 km WSW of  Muara, Kg Kapok, edge of  Rhizophora forest, 1 m, 21.ix.–3.x.1997, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923170, slide no. NHMUK 010316445, Process ID METAT 210-19 ; •   1 ♂ Brunei, 3 km WSW of  Muara, Kg Kapok, edge of  Rhizophora forest, 1 m, 21.ix.–3.x.1997, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 013700116 ; •   1 ♂, Brunei: 20 ft.,  Seria, coastal swamp forest, 11.ii.1982, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923136, slide no. NHMUK 014331343 ; •   2 ♂, Brunei: 20 ft.,  Seria, coastal swamp forest, 11.ii.1982, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen nos. NHMUK 013700119, NHMUK 013700118 ; •   1 ♂, Brunei: 10 ft.,  Seria, coastal swamp forest, 18.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 013700117 ; •   2 ♂, Brunei:  Telisai, Kerangas Forest, 10 ft., 8.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen nos. NHMUK 013700115, NHMUK 013700114 ; •   1 ♂,  Sandakan, Br. N. Borneo, 9.ii.1893, Leg. Green, specimen no. NHMUK 010219787, slide no. NHMUK 014331344 ; •   1 ♀ Brunei, 3 km WSW of  Muara, Kg Kapok, edge of  Rhizophora forest, 1 m, 13.ix–1.x.1992, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923171, slide no. NHMUK 010316864, Process ID METAT 211-19 ; •   1 ♀  Telisai, Kerangas Forest, 10 ft., 8.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 013700130, slide no. NHMUK 014331340  .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Both this species and  T. cinderella have been found in Brunei. This species has been recorded principally from mangrove and other coastal forests whereas  Topiris cinderella has only been found in dipterocarp forest. The pairwise divergence between these two species is 3.52–3.82 %.  Topiris candidella is 4.74–5.05 % pairwise divergent from  T. ochrotincta, which has been found at altitude in Brunei, and 3.67–4.28 % pairwise divergent from  T. schneeweissella, which has been found in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand.</p><p>The only differences in morphology between  T. cinderella and  T. candidella are in the distal part of the costal fold of the valva (illustrated in Figs 81, 82) and the angle of projection of the process at the base of the costal fold.</p><p>The derivation of Walker’s specific name,  candidella, is from candida (lat.) white, innocent or pure.</p><p>The type specimen became chimaeric at the time that hindwings of another species were glued on this specimen. The hindwings are now separated from the holotype and separately mounted. We note that these hindwings lack a basal hyaline area and neither do they belong to the holotype nor to the genus  Yponomeuta Latreille, [1796] (as suggested by Meyrick). It is not clear to which micromoth specimen or species the hindwings belong.</p><p>The data labels for the type specimen of  T. candidella are illustrated in Fig. 85 A, B. The specimen has a label which is a round white disc on which is written “ SAR ”. Walker’s original description states that the specimen is in Mr. Saunders’ collection, and this is also reflected by the NHMUK accession label, which states: Sarawak Saunders Coll. 94–68.</p><p>Alfred Russel Wallace visited Sarawak between November 1854 and January 1856 (Tuen and Das 2005). He spent his time in Sarawak as a guest of Rajah James Brooke. Between 13 December 1855 and 18 January 1856 (with a break for Christmas between 20 December and 30 December), he stayed at a bungalow owned by Rajah Brooke at Peninjau Hill (1.4293, 110.2236, 380 m elevation), near Kuching (Wallace 1869: 95–97; Moulton 1912; Idris and Azhar 2010). During his stay at the Peninjau bungalow, Wallace made a collection of a total number of 1386 moths. These specimens were collected by Wallace himself and labelled either by him or his assistant, Charles Allen (Wallace 1869). Although 100 % confirmation is not possible, it is likely that Peninjau provided a high proportion of his total collection of  Lepidoptera (Polaszek and Cranbrook 2006: 433, 434). Charles Allen placed circular white card labels with “ SAR ” for Sarawak on the specimens (Cranbrook and Mann 2016: 19; see also Baker 1996; Baker 2001). The  Topiris candidella label has been confirmed as definitively a Wallace label written by Charles Allen (George Beccaloni pers. comm. to DCL 14 November 2023). When Wallace returned to England in 1862 his insects, other than Coleoptera and butterflies, became part of the collection of William Wilson Saunders (Wallace 1869).</p><p>The three similar specimens of  T. candidella subsequently found by DCL in the NHMUK collections (one of which is illustrated at Fig. 5) have similar white card disc labels bearing the letters “ SAR ” (Fig. 86). Wallace stated that the main object of his journeys in the Malay Archipelago was to obtain specimens of natural history, both for his private collection and to supply duplicates to museums and amateurs (Wallace 1869: xi). Wallace’s collections of insects were divided, before consignment, into (among other things) series reserved for his private collection and series intended for sale. Wallace records sending six consignments of insects from his stay in Sarawak (Baker 2001). We assume that the specimens which found their way into the collections of Janson and Moore were from Wallace’s sale specimens.</p><p>From this we conclude that the type (and the three subsequently discovered specimens) were collected by Alfred Russel Wallace during his stay in Sarawak and that it is most likely that they were taken at the Peninjau bungalow between 13 December 1855 and 18 January 1856.</p><p>Topiris candidella is not listed in Polaszek and Cranbrook (2006) as an insect species described from Alfred Russel Wallace’s Sarawak collections, but this paper does not list microlepidoptera species.</p><p>Walker’s original description does not expressly state that it is made from a single specimen. However, his species description states: ‘ in Mr. Saunders’ collection’. Two of the other three subsequently discovered specimens bearing Wallace’s collecting labels (NHMUK 0137000123 and NHMUK 0137000125) are labelled Moore Coll. (Fig. 86) and the third is labelled Janson collection. The accession dates for these specimens in each case post-date Walker’s description. Only one of Wallace’s specimens is from the Saunders collection. Baker (2001: 65) also notes that the Sarawak specimens acquired by Saunders were treated by Walker. We conclude that the example in the Saunders collection was the only specimen available to Walker when he wrote his description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45B02AE51170537C9292453D8D500106	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
C74F133673595E7087AA0B784EFC7317.text	C74F133673595E7087AA0B784EFC7317.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris cinderella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris cinderella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7, 34 A, B, 69, 77, 81</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADZ 9718 (Process IDs METAT 222-19, METAT 225-19, METAT 247-10).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Brunei: Holotype • ♂, Brunei,  Bt. Bedawan, LP 263, GR 343958, ridge dipterocarp forest, 1700 ft., 20–24.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., fwl 7 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923201, slide no. NHMUK 010316400, Process ID METAT 247-19  .  Paratypes (9 ♂) 1 ♂ same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 013700355, slide no. NHMUK 010316408; •  1 ♂ same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010923200; •   1 ♂, Brunei,  Rampayoh Road, 100 m, LP 195 B, GR 960785, Lowland dipterocarp forest, 26–29.ix.1997, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923182, slide no. NHMUK 010316447, Process ID METAT 222-19 ; •   1 ♂ Brunei,  Rampayoh Road, LP 291 B GR 951801, Lowland Dipterocarp Forest 11–15.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923135, slide no. NHMUK 010316446 ; •   2 ♂ Brunei,  Rampayoh Road, LP 291 B, GR 951801, Lowland Dipterocarp Forest 11–15.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen nos., NHMUK 013700113, NHMUK 013700112 ; •   1 ♂, Brunei, Lamunin,  Sg Burong, disturbed lowland forest, 60 m, 15–20.iv.1993, G. S. Robinson leg. specimen no. NHMUK 010923185, slide no. NHMUK 010316448, Process ID METAT 225-19 ; •   1 ♂ Brunei,  Rampayoh R., LP 291 B, GR 951801, lowland dipterocarp forest, 150 m, 11–15.iv.1988, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923135; slide no. NHMUK 010316446 ; •   1 ♂ Brunei, Ulu Temburong,  Kuala Belalong FSC, lowland dipterocarp forest, 100 m, 6.vii.1991, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923133, slide no. NHMUK 010315368  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Externally indistinguishable from other small white species and forms of  Topiris . The comparatively thin postmedial section of the valva and shorter bristles at the apex distinguishes this species from  T. ochrotincta and  T. schneeweissella . The distinctions in the male genitalia between  T. cinderella and  T. candidella are given in the diagnosis of  T. candidella .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 7). Forewing length 7–7.5 mm, wingspan 15–17 mm. Head: frons with silver white appressed scales; vertex with a small tuft of silvery white scales pointing upwards and away from the base of antennae, thick tuft of long white lamellate scales pointing inwards and posteriorly from sides of occiput, overlaying collar of broad white scales pointing posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small with small tufts of dark bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; basal segment with small scale tuft; second segment longer than third, strongly curved, thinly scaled with pale ochreous and white scales; third segment almost straight, thinly scaled ochreous white. Haustellum with basal portion scaled white. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape silvery white with some ochreous scaling towards pedicel, flagellum with short broad dark pectinations for ¾ of its length covered in short white sensillae, ochreous on dorsal surface for a short distance at base, thereafter dark brown, apical portion filiform. Thorax: covered in snow white lamellate scales, tegulae snow white; foreleg with femur white, tibia and tarsus brown, moderately broad tibial epiphysis, mid and hindlegs white, hindleg with tuft of long white scales. Forewing broad, costa slightly rounded at base, otherwise straight, apex slightly projecting, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus obtusely angled, snow white with no markings except for a small line of dark brown scales at base of costa to ~ 1 / 5. Hindwing as broad as forewing, very slightly pointed at apex otherwise round and broad, white with no markings. Ventrally, surface of forewing with area between costa and Sc with brown scaling and ochreous scaling along the veins, hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White, anal tuft white. Tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7, T 8 weakly sclerotised anteriorly; sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes almost straight, venulae sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 34 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, apically slightly bilobed. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad, strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen same length as width of tegumen band. Vinculum robust, strongly sclerotised, strongly diverging distad of saccus (Fig. 77), U shaped basally, base barely projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus short. Juxta with base plate strongly sclerotised, anellus lobes broad. Valva long, basally broad, substantially tapering apically, costal ventral membrane confined to inner half of valva, rugose, raised distally (Fig. 81), bearing long fine setae, from base of which arises, at an acute angle, a long, sclerotised process which is setose throughout, apex thin and rounded with apical tuft of bristles, saccular margin curved, strong ventral sclerite postmedially with projection joining to base of saccular process. Sacculus very large with strong mesad shoulder, slightly longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing close to costa of valva, strongly sclerotised and melanised, broad and straight at base, narrowing towards apex, apical portion a long, curved hook with a narrow apical point, short fine setae present. Aedeagus short, thin, slightly curved, small recurved, filament-like distal projection (Fig. 69). Bulbus ejaculatorius long with two coils and a broad elongate hood.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults have been found in dipterocarp forest in April, July, and September.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brunei.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>cinderella — named after the heroine of the fairy tale of that name. A closely related species to Snow White (see below, T. schneeweissella). The epithet is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C74F133673595E7087AA0B784EFC7317	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
428FCF1C77E756299B727F57400D4E78.text	428FCF1C77E756299B727F57400D4E78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris digiticosta Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris digiticosta Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 21, 46 A, B</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Indonesia.   Holotype • ♂, Indonesia, West Celebes,  Paloe, 2700 ft., Feb.1937, J. P. A. Kalis leg., fwl 10 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923231, slide no. NHMUK 010316355  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See diagnosis for  T. albidella above.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 21). Forewing length 10 mm; wingspan 21.5 mm. Head missing. Thorax white with some pale ochreous scaling; tegulae missing; femur of foreleg pale ochreous; femur of mid leg pale ochreous, tibia and tarsus white; femur of hind leg with white scale tuft. Forewing broad, costa gently rounded at base, otherwise straight, apex rounded, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus rounded; white and unmarked except for a line of dark brown scales at the base of the costa to 1 / 5 and a terminal line of dark brown scales commencing just prior to apex and ending just before tornus. Hindwing as broad as forewing, white, unmarked apart from a small brown terminal line around 1 A + 2 A. Ventrally, forewing with brownish grey scaling between costa and Sc on the forewing, veins lined with brownish scales, terminal line also present though not as distinct as the forewing, hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White with white anal tuft. Tergal spines on posterior part of T 2 – T 7; weak sclerotisation of part of T 8 and sternites. Venulae long, somewhat sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 46 A, B). Uncus anteriorly broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, lateral edges tapering towards posterior apex. Gnathos not fused medially and with two narrow, strongly sclerotised lateral posterior projections. Tegumen band broad, strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum long, robust, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with a broad V-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad, tapering. Valva broad, costal margin slightly concave, setose ventral membrane from costa confined to inner half of valva, with long fine setae and ridge at anterior margin, distal margin strongly concave, forming two distal lobes, posterior lobe long and digitate, anterior lobe smaller and curved, saccular margin of valva slightly curved, long thin ventral sclerite postmedially. Saccular process commencing medially in valva, straight and narrow, well sclerotised, strongly setose for&gt; ½ length with brush of long bristles apically. Aedeagus long, with long, recurved, filament-like distal projection, small ovate distal thickening and small sclerite medially.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adult found in February.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sulawesi, Indonesia. Known only from the holotype which was found by J. P. A. Kalis in the same area as some of his specimens of  T. albidella .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>digiticosta — from digitus (lat.), a finger; and costa, the distal margin of a wing or a valva. This species is named after the digitate lobe projecting from the costa of the valva in the male genitalia. The epithet is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/428FCF1C77E756299B727F57400D4E78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
970319F3E10F50F9813F8F087AB27BF6.text	970319F3E10F50F9813F8F087AB27BF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris lacteella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris lacteella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 15, 41 A, B</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADZ 8474 (Process IDs METAT 196-19, METAT 217-19, METAT 218-19, METAT 234-19).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Thailand:   Holotype • ♂, W. Thailand, Kanchanburi District,  Than Lodh, 400 m, 16.v.1987, M. G. Allen leg., fwl 8.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923157, slide no. NHMUK 010316362, Process ID METAT 196-19  .   Paratypes (3 ♂): • 1 ♂ Chiang Mai, Samoeng /  Hang Dong Rd, km 15, NW Thailand, 700 m, 05.vi–12.vi.1988, I. J. Kitching leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923141, slide no. NHMUK 010316438, Process ID METAT 234-19 ; •   1 ♂ W. Thailand,  Kanchanburi District, 300 m, 24.v.1987, Col M. G. Allen leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923177, slide no. NHMUK 010316439, Process ID METAT 217-19 ; •   1 ♂ W. Thailand, Uthai Thani,  Khao Nang Rum, 400 m, 16.vi.1986, Col. M. G. Allen leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923178, slide no. NHMUK 010316440, Process ID METAT 218-19  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The largest white member of the  salva group. In the male genitalia the uncus is indented sub-apically and apically curved, the valva is rounded at the apex, the saccular process is broad, triangular and setose with a bristle brush commencing towards its apex and the costal margin of the valva is strongly projecting inwards at the base (Fig. 41 A).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 15). Forewing length 8–8.5 mm; wingspan 17–18 mm. Head: frons with appressed pure white scales; vertex with long white scales projecting away from the base of the antenna and further such scales projecting upwards from occiput, overlaying in part a collar of broader white appressed scales pointing posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small with small tufts of dark bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps long (2 ½ × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; basal segment with small tuft of white scales; second segment longer than third, white; third segment white. Haustellum scaled silver white basally. Antenna&gt; ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape white, flagellum with moderately sized dark pectinations covered with short white sensillae for&gt; 1 / 2 length; dark throughout but with scattered white scales, apical portion filiform. Thorax: all specimens examined worn, but with shortish lamellate silvery white scales; tegulae silvery white; forelegs with femur whitish, tibia and tarsus brown; moderate tibial epiphysis, mid legs and hind legs white, with thin white tufts of long scales. Forewing broad, costa very slightly rounded at base, thereafter straight, apex gently curved, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus obtusely rounded, white, unmarked except for a line of brown scales from the base of the costa to ~ 1 / 5. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded and broad with a very slightly pointed apex, white, unmarked. Ventrally, surface of forewing with patch of white scales at base of costa, pale brown scaling between costa and Sc on forewing, forewing veins lined with dark cream scales; hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White with white anal tuft. Tergal spines on posterior part of T 2 – T 7, T 8 weakly sclerotised in part; sternites almost unsclerotised. Apodemes almost straight, venulae sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 41 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, apically short and broad, spatulate, indented sub-apically, apical margin curved. Gnathos fused, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, slightly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen substantially longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum broad, robust, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with broad basal plate, anellus lobes short and broad. Valva long and broad, costal margin strongly projecting inwards at base, projection setose, large setose ventral membrane from costa, pre-apical area of valva with fine setae, apex rounded, saccular margin slightly curved, strong ventral sclerite postmedially. Sacculus almost as broad as valva, longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing close to costa of valva, broad, triangular, setose throughout with an inwardly curved bristle brush commencing pre-apically and projecting beyond apex of process. Aedeagus long with long, recurved, filament-like projection and small, rounded, distal thickening. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, two coils, broad elongated hood.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. The adult has been found in forest habitats at 300–700 m elevation in May and June.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West and northwest Thailand.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>lacteella — from lacteus (lat.) milky. This is a reference to the milky white colour of the wings of this species. The epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/970319F3E10F50F9813F8F087AB27BF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
6F6ECC4648225AFE9201C8CFB0D24189.text	6F6ECC4648225AFE9201C8CFB0D24189.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris madonna Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris madonna Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 16, 42 A, B</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>BIN: N / A. The sequence fragment obtained (PP 131485) was too short to qualify for a BIN.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia:   Holotype • ♂ W. Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi,  UKM campus, lowland dipterocarp forest, 70 m, 25–26.vii.1991, G. S. Robinson leg., fwl 6.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010922998, slide no. NHMUK 010316357, Process ID METAT 030-18 (307 bp)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The only white member of the  salva group in which the flagellum of the antenna is thickly scaled white for most of its length. In the male genitalia the broad, triangular saccular process with a sclerotised hook at the apex distinguishes this species from its congeners, although the saccular process slightly resembles the saccular process of  T. albogrisella . For differences in the male genitalia of these two species see Diagnosis for  T. albogrisella above and compare Fig. 40 A and Fig. 42 A.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 16). Forewing length 6.5 mm, wingspan 14 mm. Head: frons with appressed white scales with some iridescence; vertex with a tuft of white scales projecting away from the base of the antennae, occiput with some further white scales projecting upwards and posteriorly from the sides, overlaying in part remains of a collar of broad white scales projecting posteriorly from the anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small with small tufts of bristles; maxillary palps not visible. Labial palps long,&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye, strongly recurved; basal segment with small white scale tuft, second segment longer than third, strongly curved with a moderate covering of appressed scales, some ochreous colouration at sides; third segment almost straight with a thin covering of white appressed scales. Haustellum with white scaling on basal portion. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape with appressed white scales; flagellum with short dark pectinations for ¾ of length, pectinations covered in short white sensillae, dorsal surface and sides with thick white scaling for most of length, apical portion filiform. Thorax: covered with white appressed scales; tegulae fairly short, white; femur white, tibia and tarsus brown, moderately large tibial epiphysis, mid legs and hind legs white, hind legs with tuft of white scales. Forewing broad, costa slightly rounded at base, otherwise straight, apex obtusely rounded, termen angled very slightly inwards, tornus obliquely angled, white with silvery iridescence, unmarked except for a line of brown scales from the base of the costa to ~ ¼. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded with a very slightly pointed apex, white. Ventrally, forewings with area between costa and Sc pale ochreous, pale ochreous scaling along veins, hindwings white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White, white anal tuft.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 42 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, apically spatulate, almost rectangular, apical margin straight. Gnathos fused medially, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, slightly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum long, robust, U shaped, well sclerotised, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus moderately large. Juxta with U-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad, moderately long. Valva long, broad throughout, costal margin distally curved, long setose ventral membrane from costa, apex of valva with tuft of short bristles, saccular margin of valva curved at base, otherwise straight, strong, thin ventral sclerite postmedially. Sacculus longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing near costa of valva, broad, triangular, basal margin long, thick, straight, and well sclerotised, remainder of process well sclerotised with a large, strongly sclerotised hook at apex. Aedeagus long with a long, recurved, filament-like distal projection and pronounced distal thickening.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adult recorded from lowland dipterocarp forest in July.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Selangor, Malaysia.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>madonna (modern lat.) means, among other things, an artistic depiction of the Virgin Mary. The Madonna is often depicted in religious iconography as dressed in white. The epithet is a noun in the nominative singular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F6ECC4648225AFE9201C8CFB0D24189	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
3344D494A1405E52808E20046747AE15.text	3344D494A1405E52808E20046747AE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris meyricki Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris meyricki Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 17, 43 A, B, 68</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Thailand:  Holotype • ♂, Siam, W. R. S. Ladell leg., fwl 7.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010219685, slide no. NHMUK 010316359 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Indistinguishable externally from other white species of  Topiris . In the male genitalia, the valva is strongly projecting apically with a smaller, sclerotised, thorn like subapical projection below the apical projection. The saccular process is broad and claviform with a large patch of short bristles medially and a small sclerotised tooth like posterio-medial projection.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 17). Forewing length 7.5 mm, wingspan 16 mm. Head: frons with appressed white scales, some cream scales at sides; vertex with tufts of long white scales laterally pointing upwards and away from base of antennae, further long white scales laterally pointing inwards, overlaying the remains of a collar of broader white scales on anterior margin of prothorax pointing posteriorly; pilifers small with small tufts of bristles; maxillary palps whitish. Labial palps, long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; basal segment white, second segment strongly curved, longer than third segment, thinly covered in appressed white and ochreous scales; third segment thin and pointed, almost straight, thinly covered in white appressed scales. Haustellum with white scaling at base. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape white, flagellum with moderate black pectinations, white scaling on basal part (apical part of both antennae missing). Thorax: cream coloured, tegulae fairly short, white. Foreleg with femur and tibia pale buff, tarsus damaged, mid legs missing, hindleg with remains of tuft of long white scales. Forewing broad, costa slightly rounded at base, thereafter almost straight, apex obtusely rounded, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus obtusely rounded, dullish white, unmarked apart from traces of brown scaling at edge of base of costa to ~ 1 / 5. Hindwing as broad as forewing, very slightly pointed at apex, otherwise rounded, white, unmarked. On ventral surface forewings with pale brown scaling between costa and Sc and along veins, hindwings white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Cream coloured, white anal tuft. Tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7, part of T 8 and sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes almost straight.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 43 A, B, 68). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, broadening subapically, apically spatulate, dorsal surface with large medial carina and bow shaped plate basally. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, very slightly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly curved, lateral extensions of tegumen substantially longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum long, robust, well sclerotised, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with basal plate V-shaped, anellus lobes broad and moderately short. Valva broad and long, costal margin with substantial medial projection at base, also strongly projecting apically with a smaller, sclerotised, thorn like subapical projection below the apical projection, saccular margin of valva curved at base, otherwise straight, thin ventral sclerite postmedially. Sacculus large, longer than broad, a few sparse setae. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing near costa of valva, broad, claviform, small sclerotised posterio-medial tooth, thick brush of short bristles medially. Aedeagus long with long, recurved, filament-like distal projection and a prominent distal thickening with pointed tip (Fig. 68).</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>meyricki — named in honour of the microlepidopterist and systematist Edward Meyrick (1854– 1938), who described the majority of the known species of white Oriental xyloryctids. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The labels for the specimen contain limited collection data. However, its collector, Major William Richard Simpson Ladell, was the Chief of the Division of Chemistry and Entomology at the Siamese Department of Agricultural Research during the 1930 s and it can be assumed, as its identity was determined by Meyrick, that it was collected in the 1920 s or 1930 s. The specimen was determined by Meyrick as  Topiris candidella Walker, but its genitalia (not examined by Meyrick) are very different from that species (Figs 32, 33, 43).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3344D494A1405E52808E20046747AE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
E240DE1214085EE69BC1A3043200C861.text	E240DE1214085EE69BC1A3043200C861.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris ochrotincta Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris ochrotincta Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 35 A, B, 78</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADZ 9719 (Process ID METAT 209-19).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Brunei: Holotype • ♂, Brunei,  Bukit Pagon, LP 308, upper montane forest, 1800 m, 15–20.ii.1982, G. S. Robinson leg., fwl 9 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010923169, slide no. NHMUK 010316401, Process ID METAT 209-19  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This is the only described member of the  candidella group which is not snow white in colour although  Topiris ‘ RMNH 20000 ’ is a similar colour. It is also slightly larger than other species within the group. In the male genitalia the postmedial part of the valva is broader than  T. candidella or  T. cinderella but is of similar width to  T. schneeweissella . The saccular process of  T. ochrotincta is shorter and the apical hook of the saccular process is shorter and broader than that of  T. schneeweissella .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 8). Forewing length 9 mm. Head: frons with dark cream appressed scales; vertex with tuft of long pale ochreous scales pointing upwards and away from base of antennae, further long pale ochreous scales pointing posteriorly from sides of occiput, long greyish ochreous scales pointing posteriorly from posterior margin of occiput, overlaying a collar of broad lamellate greyish ochreous scales pointing posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small with moderate tufts of bristles. Labial palps long (~ 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; small tuft of dirty cream scales on basal segment; second segment strongly curved, thinly covered with appressed dirty cream scales; third segment shorter than second, slightly curved with a thin covering of dirty cream scales. Haustellum with cream scales on basal portion. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape dark cream, flagellum with short broad pectinations covered with short white sensillae for ~ ¾ of length, apical portion filiform, dark cream scaling of the anterior margin of the dorsal surface of flagellum for most of length, otherwise dark brown. Thorax: covered in pale greyish ochreous appressed scales; tegulae short, same colour as thorax; foreleg with some white scaling on femur, tibia and tarsus pale brown, moderately long tibial epiphysis, mid legs and hind legs white, hind legs with long tuft of pale cream scales. Forewing broad, costa slightly curved at base, thereafter straight, apex slightly pointed, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus obtusely rounded, pale ochreous, unmarked except for a faint line of dark brown scales from costa to ~ 1 / 5, cilia silvery white with some pale ochreous reflections. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded with a slight projection at apex, silvery white unmarked. Ventrally, surface of forewing with costa ochreous, area between costa and Sc with dark brown scaling and brown scaling along veins, hindwing pale grey.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Very pale ochreous. Tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7, T 8 weakly sclerotised anteriorly; sternites weakly sclerotised.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 35 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, narrowing medially, apically slightly spatulate. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and moderately arched; lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum short, robust, strongly sclerotised, diverging strongly distad of saccus, U shaped basally, base slightly projecting anteriorly from base of valvae. Saccus short. Juxta with a heavily sclerotised broad basal plate, anellus lobes broad. Valva long, broad at base, tapering gradually to moderately narrow rounded apex, costal ventral membrane confined to inner half of valva, rugose, sclerotised and with long setae, from base of which arises a long, sclerotised process which is setose throughout (Fig. 78), apex of valva with tuft of bristles which are long towards costal margin, saccular margin of valva slightly curved, strong ventral sclerite postmedially with projection joining to base of saccular process. Sacculus very large with strong mesad shoulder, slightly longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing near costa of valva, broad and straight at base, narrowing towards apex, apical portion a relatively short, broad, curved hook with a narrow apical point, short fine setae present. Aedeagus short, thin, slightly curved, small, recurved, filament-like, distal projection. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, two coils, broad elongated head.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adult found in upper montane forest in Brunei in February.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brunei.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>ochrotincta — from ochros (gr.), ochreous yellow; tinctus (lat.), dyed; from the pale ochreous tinge to the whitish forewings of this species. The epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is 2.14 % pairwise divergent from  T. cinderella . Both species have been found in Brunei. However, the forewings of  T. ochrotincta are a different colour from  T. cinderella and the specimen was found in upper montane forest whereas  T. cinderella has been found in dipterocarp forest at lower levels. Also, in the male genitalia of  T. ochrotincta, the postmedial section of the valva is broad compared to  T. cinderella and the apical part of the saccular process is shorter and more acutely hooked than that of  T. cinderella .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E240DE1214085EE69BC1A3043200C861	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
3F7F5D9B58505E4CBB1AA38CEDF12C30.text	3F7F5D9B58505E4CBB1AA38CEDF12C30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris salva (Meyrick 1932) Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris salva (Meyrick, 1932) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 11–13, 30, 31, 38 A, B, 39 A, B, 59, 64, 72, 73</p><p>Athrypsiastis salva Meyrick, 1932 (Meyrick in Caradja 1931–1933: 158).</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADS 0105 (METAT 020-18, METAT 021-18, METAT 022-18, METAT 024-18, METAT 025-18); MT 547768 (whole mitogenome).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Type. Meyrick designated a type specimen but this is lost (see Discussion).   Neotype • ♂ Hong Kong,  Victoria Peak, July 1993, 400 m, leg. Kent Li, specimen no. NHMUK 010922992, slide no. NHMUK 014331348, Process ID METAT 020-18  .   Paraneotype • ♂  Hangchow (= Hangzhou), China. JFC 5.7. 25, specimen no. NHMUK 010219696, slide no. NHMUK 010316441  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species has both all white forms and forms which are off white with darker thickened scaling dorsally (Figs 11–13). In Hong Kong both these forms occur together at the same time of year. In the male genitalia,  T. salva has a broad, claviform saccular process. The only other species which has a similarly shaped saccular process is  T. meyricki . The saccular process of  T. salva is narrower than that of  T. meyricki and lacks the patch of short bristles postmedially. In  T. salva the apical part of the valva is rounded whereas in  T. meyricki the distal margin of the valva is strongly emarginate with a large, digitate projection apically and a smaller sclerotised thorn like projection beneath this (Figs 38 A, 39 A, 43 A). In the female genitalia, the posterior margin of S 8 is projected caudally, covering the ostium, but lacks the posterio-medial projections of  T. candidella and  T. schneeweissella (Figs 72, 84).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Figs 11–13). Forewing length 6.5–8 mm, wingspan 14–16 mm. Head: frons with appressed silver white scales; vertex with long narrow cream scales projecting away from the base of the antennae with further such scales projecting posteriorly over occiput, overlaying a collar of broader white appressed scales projecting posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small with tufts of moderately long bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps strongly recurved, long (3 × diameter of eye); basal segment with small white scale tuft; second segment longer than third, strongly curved with thick covering of appressed silver white scales; third segment long, almost straight, thinly covered in appressed silver white scales. Haustellum with silver white scaling in basal portion. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape with appressed cream and white scales, flagellum with short dark pectinations covered in short white sensillae for ¾ length, silver scaling on dorsal surface basally, thereafter dark brown, apical portion filiform. Thorax: with broad silver white scales; tegulae silver white; foreleg with femur silver white, tibia and tarsus brown with silver reflections in some lights, tibial epiphysis long and broad, mid legs and hind legs white with thin tufts of long white scales. Forewing broad, costa gently rounded at base, otherwise straight, apex slightly pointed, termen angled inwards, tornus obtusely angled, costa gently rounded at base otherwise straight, apex slightly pointed, termen angled inwards, tornus obtusely angled, silver white to off white, some forms entirely unmarked and silver white except for a line of brown scales from costa to ~ 1 / 6, in other forms where the ground colour is off white, the thicker scaling on the dorsum is tinged greyish ochreous or grey, forming an indistinct coloured patch. Hindwing as broad as forewing, rounded, white, unmarked. Ventrally, forewings pale brown, veins lined with brown scales, base of costa dark; hindwings white.</p><p>Female. Similar to male but more likely to have obscure colouration in the dorsal patch and slightly larger, forewing length 8.5–10 mm, wingspan 18–22 mm; antennae filiform throughout.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 38 A, B, 39 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface very weakly emarginate, two small lateral carinae basally, apically spatulate, apex rounded. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen substantially longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum long, robust, U shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with U-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad and moderately short. Valva long and broad, apex rounded, costal margin substantially projecting inwards and setose at base, costal ventral membrane long and broad with substantial long dark setae, saccular margin of valva slightly curved, long ventral sclerite postmedially, apex of valva with tuft of short bristles. Sacculus as broad as valva and longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing near costa of valva, broad, claviform, one or two small sclerotised teeth on upper margin. Aedeagus long with a long, recurved, filament-like distal projection and a small distal thickening. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, two coils, hood broad.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 59, 72, 73). Papillae anales short and broad, apophyses posteriores substantially longer than apophyses anteriores. Ostium small and circular. S 8 with posterior margin projecting caudally and covering ostium, anterior margin almost straight. Ostium small and circular. Antrum long, straight, narrow, sclerotised and scobinate almost throughout. Ductus bursae long and thin, posteriorly membranous, anteriorly finely scobinate. Corpus bursae large and elongate, without signum.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White with white anal tuft. Tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7, visible on dried specimens; weak sclerotisation of anterior part of T 8 and sternites. Apodemes long and straight, venulae slightly sinuate.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Topiris salva (as a species of  Athrypsiastis) has been reported as a pest of  Citrus L. (CASI 1994; Li et al. 1997) and Mulberry ( Morus sp.) (Ertian 2003: 397). This species also appears to have been misidentified in Han et al. (2007) and Su et al. (2020) as  Linoclostis gonatias . The species described in that literature is a pest of tea ( C. sinensis) and  C. oleifera ( Theaceae), the larva boring into the shoots. Male adults, and less frequently females, attracted to lights at night. Found recently in secondary woodland and at the edge of a village adjoining secondary woodland. Adults have been found in May, July, and September. The adult has a strongly tectiform resting posture (Figs 30, 31).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China. The type and Meyrick’s other two specimens were from Shanghai and Hangzhou. Though misidentified, this is the species which has been reported (see paragraph above) as a pest in China. It is also widely distributed in Hong Kong.</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>(12 ♂, 4 ♀). •   1 ♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.21&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.512" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.21/lat 22.512)">Nam Chung Valley</a>, Hong Kong, China, 22.512 N, 114.21 E, 11 May 2017, M. Sterling leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219679, slide no. NHMUK 010316399, MSterling 043, Process ID METAT 023-18 (307 bp) ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong,  Victoria Peak, viii.1993, leg. A. Galsworthy, specimen no. NHMUK 010923140, slide no. NHMUK 014331349 ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.192/lat 22.436)">Tai Po Kau Headland</a>, New Territories, 22.436 N 114.192 E, 65 m, 06 May 2017, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 013700108, slide no. NHMUK 014331350, MSterling 044, Process ID METAT 024-18 ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.128/lat 22.447)">Tai Yeung Che</a>, Tai Po, New Territories, 22.447 N 114.128 E, 65 m, 5 May 2017, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 013700109, slide no. NHMUK 014331351 ; •   2 ♂ Hong Kong,  Victoria Peak, May 1993, leg. A. Galsworthy, specimen nos. NHMUK 010922993, NHMUK 013700107 ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.128/lat 22.447)">Tai Yeung Che</a>, Tai Po, New Territories, 22.447 N 114.128 E, 65 m, 1 May 2017, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 013700106, MSterling 042, Process ID METAT 022-18 ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.124&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.124/lat 22.436)">Ng Tung Chai</a>, N. Territories, 22.436 N 114.124 E, 135 m, 8 June 2018, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 010219723, slide no. NHMUK 014331358 ; •   2 ♂ Hong Kong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.303/lat 22.405)">Tai Mong Sai</a>, Sai Kung, 22.405 N 114.303 E, 140 m, 24 April 2013, M. J. Sterling leg., specimen nos. NHMUK 013700104, NHMUK 013700105 ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong,  Tai Tam, Hong Kong Island, 20 m, 10.09.1995, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 013700103 ; •   1 ♂ Hong Kong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.124&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.124/lat 22.436)">Ng Tung Chai</a>, N. Territories, 22.436 N 114.124 E, 135 m, 2 May 2017, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 013700102 ; •   1 ♀ Hong Kong, China, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.428" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.113/lat 22.428)">Kadoorie Institute</a>, New Territories, 22.428 N 114.113 E, 200 m, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 010219702, slide no. NHMUK 014331352, MSterling 045, Process ID METAT 025-18 ; •   1 ♀  Hangchow (= Hangzhou), China. JFC 5.7. 25, specimen no. NHMUK 010219725, slide no. NHMUK 014331353 ; •   1 ♀ Hong Kong, China, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.128/lat 22.447)">Tai Yeung Che</a>, Tai Po, New Territories, 22.447 N 114.128 E, 65 m, 5 May 2017, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 010923242, slide no. NHMUK 014331355 ; •   1 ♀ Hong Kong, China, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.405" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.303/lat 22.405)">Tai Lam Wu</a>, Sai Kung, 22.405 N 114.303 E, 90 m, 31.05.2018, leg. M. J. Sterling, specimen no. NHMUK 010923248, slide no. NHMUK 014331354  .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The type of  Athrypsiastis salva Meyrick, 1932 was a male from Shanghai, China. The type was designated by Meyrick and, according to the original description, it is in the Caradja collection. Following the death of Prince Aristide Caradja, his collection was deposited with the Muzeul National de Istorie Naturala “ Grigore Antipa ” in Bucharest, Romania. Popescu-Gorj (1992) produced a catalogue of the  Lepidoptera types held in the collections of this museum and there is no reference to that type in this catalogue. The museum also has on its website a list of the  Lepidoptera types which it holds and there is no reference to this type on the website. We have corresponded with Dr Mihai Stanescu, the current collection manager for  Lepidoptera at the museum, who kindly sent us a copy of the original description of  A. salva which was annotated by Popescu-Gorj while preparing his Catalogue. The words “ Atrypsiastis  salva sp. nov. ” [sic] are underlined in red; the words “ Type in coll. Caradja ” are underlined in pencil; and the word “ Holotype ” has been inserted in the margin in pencil. Popescu-Gorj was therefore clearly aware that this type should have been held at this museum and the absence of any reference to it in his Catalogue indicates that he was not able to locate it. Dr Stanescu has conducted a further search for the specimen but has not found it.</p><p>Meyrick’s original description mentions a further example from China which was probably this species, although it contains no further details of the specimen. There are two specimens in the NHMUK from Meyrick’s collection which are labelled  Athrypsiastis salva (a male and a female), both collected from Hangchow (= Hangzhou), China. The only other white xyloryctid moth from China in the NHMUK collection, acquired from the Meyrick collection, is the type of  Metathrinca intacta Meyrick, 1938 . It can therefore be strongly presumed that one of the ‘  Athrypsiastis salva ’ from the Meyrick collection is the other specimen referred to by Meyrick in his original description.</p><p>We have dissected both the male and the female and both have the distinctive  Topiris genitalia (in the case of the male typical of those of the  salva group). Also, both the genitalia of the male and the female are identical to the male and female genitalia of recent materials within the study group, collected from Hong Kong, China, for which DNA barcodes have been obtained. We have designated a barcoded male from Hong Kong as the neotype of  Topiris salva (Meyrick, 1932) and the male specimen from the Meyrick collection as a paraneotype.</p><p>The small white forms with no significant markings appear externally to be different to the larger off-white-coloured forms with greyish colouration in the thicker scaling on the dorsum but the genitalia are the same and the sequenced specimens of both forms provided the same haplotype.</p><p>In our view Meyrick’s etymology is as follows:  salva (Meyrick, 1932) — from salvare (lat.) to save;  salva is the present active imperative, e. g.,  ‘ salva me fons pietatis’ from the Latin requiem mass. It is however likely to be a reference to Christ the Saviour, who is traditionally depicted clothed in white. Although this species is slightly variable, in Meyrick’s original description the type specimen was white.</p><p>Athrypsiastis salva Meyrick, 1932 falls within the  Topiris clade (Figs 1 – 3). We therefore combine  A. salva Meyrick, 1932 as  T. salva (Meyrick, 1932) .</p><p>For the reasons set out in the Discussion section, the Chinese pest species on  Camellia oleifera ( Theaceae) and tea reported as  Linoclostis gonatias in Han et al. (2007) and Su et al. (2020) is  Topiris salva (Meyrick) and not  L. gonatias Meyrick (the latter being known only from the female type specimen).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7F5D9B58505E4CBB1AA38CEDF12C30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
9D59D67AEC045D739692DE6CE2DE8CDA.text	9D59D67AEC045D739692DE6CE2DE8CDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris sampitella (Lvovsky 2014) Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris sampitella (Lvovsky, 2014) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 18, 48</p><p>Metathrinca sampitella Lvovsky, 2014: 196.</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Indonesian Borneo [Kalimantan]:   Holotype • ♂, South Borneo,  Sampit, 0–50 m, 20.ii.1950, W. Buyn leg., specimen no. RMNH.INS.1283491, slide no. Gen Prep No. 63, A. Lvovsky det. The holotype is held at NBC  .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Photographic images of the adult, original description including Alexander Lvovsky’s drawing of the male genitalia. The genitalia slide was not located. The original description does not contain an image of the adult.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>It is apparent from a low-resolution image of the ventral surface of the adult that, in the forewing, R 3 is present, R 3, R 4, and R 5 have a common stalk and M 3 and CuA 1 are stalked. The data which was apparent from the material examined was included in our analyses, although the genitalia drawing does not show the saccus, vinculum, sacculus or tegumen characters and, importantly, according to the original description the aedeagus is missing. However, the drawing of the gnathos shows a typical  Topiris gnathos, with a medial plate weakly projecting posteriorly from the lateral arms (Fig. 48) and is not  Athrypsiastis . The species appears in Figs 1 b, 2 within the  Topiris clade and not within the  candidella or  albidella groups. It does not form a clade with  Metathrinca . It is therefore placed within the  T. salva group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D59D67AEC045D739692DE6CE2DE8CDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
D892D67698445960B07BEE9F9E624773.text	D892D67698445960B07BEE9F9E624773.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris schneeweissella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris schneeweissella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9, 36 A, B, 58, 75, 83</p><p>DNA barcodes.</p><p>BIN, BOLD: ADR 9774 (Process IDs METAT 031-18, METAT 214-19).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand.   Holotype • ♂, W. Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi,  UKM campus, lowland dipterocarp forest, 70 m, 25–26.vii.1991, G. S. Robinson leg., fwl 6 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010922999, slide no. NHMUK 010316358, Process ID METAT 031-18  .  Paratypes (7 ♂, 1 ♀): • 1 ♂ same collection details as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010923152, slide no. NHMUK 014331345; •   1 ♂ Malaysia, West Pahang,  Genting Tea Estate, 2000 ft, 11–29.11.1981, H. S. Barlow leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923173, slide no. NHMUK 010316449, Process ID METAT 213-19 (307 bp) ; •   1 ♂ W. Malaysia, Trengganu, 12 km S of Kuala Dungun,  Bukit Bauk, dry lowland dipterocarp forest, 100 m, 3.viii.1991, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219698; slide no. NHMUK 010316450 ; •   1 ♂, Malaysia, West Pahang,  Genting Tea Estate, 610 m, 10.x.1976, H. S. Barlow leg., specimen no. NHMUK 013699873, slide no. NHMUK 013691346 ; •   1 ♂, Malaysia, West Pahang,  Genting Tea Estate, 610 m, 01.01.1982, H. S. Barlow leg., specimen no. NHMUK 013700111 ; •   1 ♂ S. Thailand, Narathiwat,  km 17 on Ban Tabing Tingngi to Sri Sakhon Rd., 3.xii.1991, I. J. Kitching &amp; A. M. Cotton leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219804, slide no. NHMUK 014331347 ; •   1 ♂, Thailand, Narathiwat  km 17, Ban Tabing Tingngi, to Sri Sakhon road, 220 m, 13.viii.1990, I. J. Kitching &amp; A. M. Cotton leg., specimen no. NHMUK 013700110 ; •   1 ♀ Malaysia, West Pahang,  Genting Tea Estate, 2000 ft, 29.11.1994, G. S. Robinson leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010923174, slide no. NHMUK 010316451, Process ID METAT 214-19  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Indistinguishable externally from other white species and forms of  Topiris . In the male genitalia the broader postmedial section of the valva (Fig. 83) distinguishes this species from  T. candidella and  T. cinderella . Its snow-white colour and longer, less hooked, apical part of the saccular process distinguishes it from  T. ochrotincta (Figs 9, 36). In the female genitalia the antrum lacks scobination (Fig. 58).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 9). Forewing length 5.5–8 mm, wingspan 12.5–17.5 mm. Head: frons with appressed silver white scales; vertex with tuft of pure white scales pointing upwards and away from base of antennae, a thin tuft of long white scales from sides of occiput pointing upwards and a ruff of long white scales pointing posteriorly from posterior margin of occiput, overlaying a collar of broad flat white scales from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small, cylindrical with short tufts of bristles; maxillary palps white. Labial palps strongly recurved, long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), first segment with small white scale tuft, second segment longer than third, strongly curved, thinly scaled ochreous mixed with some white, third segment almost straight, thinly covered with white scales. Haustellum with basal portion scaled silver white. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape with appressed white scaling at base, ochreous scaling towards pedicel, flagellum with shortish broad dark pectinations covered with short white sensillae for ¾ of length, ochreous scaling on dorsal surface for ¼ of length, thereafter dark brown, apical portion filiform. Thorax: white lamellate scales, tegulae short, white; foreleg with femur silver white, tibia and tarsus brown, long tibial epiphysis; mid and hind legs white, hind legs with thick tuft of white scales. Forewing broad, costa slightly rounded at base, very slightly convex thereafter, apex obtusely rounded, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus obtusely angled; snow white, slightly iridescent, unmarked except for a line of dark brown scales from edge of base of costa to ~ 1 / 5. Hindwing slightly broader than forewing, apex slightly projecting, white, unmarked. Ventrally, surface of forewings dark cream, veins scaled dark cream; hindwing white.</p><p>Female. Similar to male except forewing length 8 mm, wingspan 17.5 mm; antennae filiform throughout; thicker scale patch on dorsum tinged dirty white.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White, long white anal tuft, patches of tergal spines on posterior parts of T 2 – T 7, T 8 with slight sclerotisation, apodemes almost straight, moderately long, venulae slightly sinuate.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 36 A, B, 83). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, apex slightly bilobed. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms (Fig. 75). Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen same length as width of tegumen band. Vinculum short, robust, well sclerotised, strongly diverging distad of saccus, U shaped basally, base of vinculum barely projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus short. Juxta with broad V shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad. Valva (Fig. 83) moderately long, broad at base, tapering to moderately narrow rounded apex, costal ventral membrane confined to inner half of valva, slightly rugose, long fine setae, from base of which arises a long, sclerotised process which is setose throughout, apex of valva with tuft of bristles which are long on costal margin, saccular margin of valva slightly curved, broad ventral sclerite postmedially. Sacculus very large with strong mesad shoulder, slightly longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing close to costa of valva, strongly sclerotised and melanised, broad and straight at base, narrowing towards apex, apical part a long, curved hook terminating in a sharp apical point, short fine setae present. Aedeagus short, thin, slightly curved, small slightly recurved filament-like distal projection. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, coiled, elongate hood.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 58). Papillae anales short and broad. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. S 8 with posterior margin projecting caudally, covering the ostium, with two small digitate posterio-medial processes, anterior margin strongly recessed and strongly arched ventrad. Ostium small, circular. Antrum long, straight, and narrow, well sclerotised almost throughout. Ductus bursae long and thin, posteriorly membranous, anteriorly finely scobinate. Corpus bursae large and elongate, without signum.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults have been found in lowland dipterocarp forest in West Malaysia and Southern Thailand in July, August, October, November, and December at elevations of 70– 600 m. Males and one female collected at mercury vapour light.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West Malaysia, Southern Thailand.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>schneeweissella — from schnee, snow; and weiss, white (German). This is a reference to the glistening snow white colour of the wings. The epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D892D67698445960B07BEE9F9E624773	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
6E6EFC4D656153848A7E90266FC4F0D8.text	6E6EFC4D656153848A7E90266FC4F0D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris sericella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris sericella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 10, 37 A, B</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Philippines: Holotype • ♂,  Taytay, Palawan. plains. 22.iv.1913, A. E. Wileman leg., fwl 8.5 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010219786, slide no. NHMUK 010316873  .  Paratype • ♂, same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010219788, slide no. NHMUK 010316878 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The hindwings of this species are slightly grey towards the termen and have an indistinct greyish terminal line. In the male genitalia, the vinculum is almost straight above the saccus, the valvae are postmedially narrow and uniformly sclerotised, the costal ventral membrane of the valva is smooth, almost without setae and with a substantial, strongly curved, sclerotised process arising from its base. The aedeagus is long and has a long filament-like distal projection with a small distal thickening.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 10). Wingspan 18–19 mm, forewing length 8–8.5 mm. Head: frons with shining white appressed scales; vertex with white appressed scales, two tufts of long white scales laterally on vertex pointing inwards and posteriorly, remains of tuft of long white scales on posterior part of occiput, overlaying a thick collar of broad white and pale ochreous scales from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers cylindrical with small tuft of short bristles; maxillary palps whitish. Labial palps long (almost 3 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved, white, projecting away from head; basal segment pale ochreous; second segment long, strongly curved; third segment long and thin with white and some pale ochreous appressed scales. Haustellum with basal third scaled silver white. Antenna 2 / 3 length of forewing, bipectinate, scape ochreous white, flagellum dorsally ochreous white for a few segments, otherwise dark brown, pectinations black, densely covered with short white sensillae, reducing at ¾, apical portion filiform. Thorax: (worn) ochreous white mixed with white, tegulae shining silver white; foreleg with femur white, long thin tibial epiphysis, tibia and tarsus greyish brown, mid leg ochreous whitish, hind leg white with thin tuft of long white scales. Forewing moderately broad, costa slightly arched towards base, thereafter straight, apex broadly rounded, termen angled inwards, tornus very obtusely angled, shining silver white, unmarked except for a small line of brown scales from base of costa to 1 / 5, a patch of thicker silver scaling along length of dorsum on one specimen, cilia long, silver white. Hindwing rounded with apex slightly projecting; silvery white but with some darker tipped scales, particularly towards the termen giving a slightly greyish appearance and with indistinct greyish terminal line. Ventrally, surface of forewing dark brown towards costa, otherwise pale greyish ochreous, veins pale greyish ochreous; hindwings white.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. White, long white anal tuft. Tergal spines on posterior part of T 2 – T 7, T 8 almost unsclerotised, sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes almost straight; venulae slightly curved.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 37 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface very weakly emarginate, slightly narrowing medially, apically almost rectangular, slightly spatulate. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin and lightly sclerotised, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, weakly projecting posteriorly from lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum large and robust, U shaped, arms parallel distad of saccus, base significantly projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with small sclerotised basal plate, anellus lobes broad. Valva long, broad at base, strongly sclerotised postmedially and strongly tapering apically, apex of valva thin and rounded with tuft of short bristles, costal ventral membrane confined to basal half of valva, surface smooth and with few setae, long curved sclerotised process arising from base of ventral membrane from costa, broad at base, no setae apart from brush of shortish hairs at apex, saccular margin of valva slightly convex, strong ventral sclerite postmedially. Sacculus large, well sclerotised, longer than broad. Saccular process commencing near costa of valva, strongly sclerotised, broad and straight at base, short and hooked, terminating in a sharp point, no setae or bristles. Aedeagus long, slightly recurved with undulating distal filament-like projection of sheath and small, pointed, distal thickening. Bulbus ejaculatorius long with two coils and a large, elongated hood.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male genitalia of this species displays some of the characteristic features of the  salva group (e. g., aedeagus with long filament-like distal projection and with a distal thickening and vinculum not diverging strongly distad of saccus) and some of the characteristics of the  candidella sub-clade (e. g., costal ventral membrane with long sclerotised process arising from base and valva tapering apically). The combined analysis (Fig. 2, which contains morphological data only from  T. sericella) shows that  T. sericella + the  T. candidella sub-clade form a supported sub-clade (pp = 0.98) and we place  T. sericella in the  candidella group.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults found in April.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from Palawan, Philippines.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>sericella — from sericus (lat.), silky. A reference to the silky white gloss on the forewings. The epithet is an adjective in the nominative singular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E6EFC4D656153848A7E90266FC4F0D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
6B445B7B55565B3AA17526B9F00DCA3F.text	6B445B7B55565B3AA17526B9F00DCA3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris thunbergella Sterling & Price & Lees 2025	<div><p>Topiris thunbergella Sterling &amp; Lees sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 19, 44 A, B</p><p>DNA barcode.</p><p>N / A.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Thailand.   Holotype • ♂, Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park,  San Kuu, 1540 m, 22.iv–6.v.1994, I. J. Kitching leg., fwl 7 mm, specimen no. NHMUK 010219684, slide no. NHMUK 010316361  .  Paratypes (2 ♂): • 1 ♂, same collection data as holotype, specimen no. NHMUK 010219692, slide no. NHMUK 010316444; •   1 ♂, Thailand,  Khao Yai NP, 1200 m, 17.iv.1987, Col M. G. Allen leg., specimen no. NHMUK 010219789, slide no. NHMUK 010316876  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The strong ochreous colour and dark yellow scaling on the vertex distinguishes this species from all other species of  Topiris . In the male genitalia the long, narrow, saccular process, which has long setae basally and medially and which is bristled apically, is not found elsewhere in  Topiris . The species is externally similar to an undescribed species of  Ptochoryctis and an undescribed species close to  Metathrinca ceromorpha (Meyrick, 1923) (see Remarks below), both of which have been found in the same part of Thailand.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Fig. 19). Forewing length 7–9 mm, wingspan 15–20 mm. Head: frons thickly covered in appressed dark yellow scales; vertex with thick tuft of long dark yellow scales projecting upwards and away from base of antennae, further dark yellow scales projecting posteriorly from occiput, overlaying a collar of broad, brown, appressed scales projecting posteriorly from anterior margin of prothorax; pilifers small with moderate tufts of bristles; maxillary palps pale ochreous. Labial palps long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye), strongly recurved; basal segment with small tuft of light brown scales; second segment longer than third, strongly curved, pale yellow on the inner side and brown mixed with pale yellow on the outer side towards base; third segment slightly curved, thickly covered with pale yellow appressed scales. Haustellum with pale ochreous scales basally. Antenna ¾ length of forewing, bipectinate; scape with appressed dark yellow scales, flagellum with black pectinations for ¾ of length, covered in short white sensillae, dorsal surface of most of flagellum covered with yellow scales, apical portion filiform. Thorax: dark brown anteriorly, ochreous posteriorly, tegulae three coloured, dark brown anteriorly, graduating to paler brown and becoming pale ochreous posteriorly, mid legs and hind legs scaled pale ochreous with thin tufts of pale ochreous scales. Forewing broad, costa almost straight throughout, apex slightly pointed, termen angled slightly inwards, tornus obtusely rounded, uniformly golden ochreous, unmarked except for a row of dark scales at base of costa to &lt;¼; hindwing as broad as forewing, silvery white; cilia pale ochreous. Ventrally, surface of forewing with brown scaling between costa and Sc and along veins, hindwing pale brown.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Pre-genital abdomen. Pale ochreous, anal tuft pale ochreous. Tergal spines on the posterior parts of T 2 – T 7; a few tergal spines on T 8; sternites weakly sclerotised. Apodemes long, straight, venulae almost straight.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 44 A, B). Uncus broad, anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate, narrowing postmedially, apically spatulate, apical margin curved. Gnathos fused medially, lateral arms thin, medial plate small and lightly sclerotised, slightly projecting posteriorly beyond lateral arms. Tegumen band broad and strongly arched, lateral extensions of tegumen substantially longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum robust, well sclerotised, U-shaped, base substantially projecting anteriorly beyond base of valvae. Saccus large. Juxta with V-shaped basal plate, anellus lobes broad and fairly short. Valva long, broad throughout, costal margin projecting medially and setose, long setose ventral membrane from costa extending for almost entire length of costal margin, apex obtusely rounded, saccular margin of valva slightly indented medially, long thin ventral sclerite postmedially. Sacculus long, substantially longer than broad, slightly setose. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, commencing near costa of valva, long and narrow, almost straight, thickly setose for&gt; 1 / 2 length, terminating in curved bristle brush projecting beyond apex of process. Aedeagus long, distal projection of aedeagus sheath slightly angulated, recurved, distal thickening of projection small with a small, sclerotised, pointed tip. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, two coils.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>Early stages unknown. Adults found from 1200–1540 m elevation in April / May.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Northern Thailand.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>thunbergella — named in honour of the climate change activist Greta Thunberg, in recognition of her work in raising consciousness of the potentially catastrophic pressures on the natural environment in places where this species and the other species reviewed in this paper occur. The epithet is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Three externally similar species of unicolourous, ochreous, xyloryctid moth occur in the northern part of Thailand, this species, an undescribed species of  Ptochoryctis and a further undescribed species close to  Metathrinca ceromorpha . In the two latter species, R 3 is absent in the forewing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B445B7B55565B3AA17526B9F00DCA3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
9BC8E1F9998D585BA2C368B7598E336C.text	9BC8E1F9998D585BA2C368B7598E336C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Topiris Walker 1863	<div><p>Genus  Topiris Walker, 1863</p><p>Topiris Walker, 1863: 521. Type species 
Topiris candidella Walker, 1863
by original monotypy.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Topiris is a genus which displays strong morphological characters in both male and female genitalia. We divide the genus into three informal groups based on characters in the male genitalia. Two of these groups are supported sub-clades within  Topiris . All three groups exhibit constant and easily recognisable characters in the male genitalia.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Smallish xyloryctid moths, unicolourous and almost completely unmarked. In both sexes the labial palps are long (at least 2.5 × diameter of the eye) and recurved (Figs 30, 31). R 3 is present in the forewing, R 3, R 4, and R 5 have a common stalk, and M 3 and CuA 1 are stalked (Figs 62, 64). This forewing venation distinguishes  Topiris from other small whitish Oriental xyloryctids in  Deloryctis,  Linoclostis,  Metathrinca and  Ptochoryctis in which R 3 is not present (Fig. 65). In the male genitalia of all species the aedeagus has a recurved, filament-like distal projection (long in the  salva and the  albidella groups, generally short in the  candidella group) (Figs 68, 69). In the female genitalia the antrum is long, straight, narrow and sclerotised almost throughout (Fig. 72) and the corpus bursae is large and elongate with no signum (Fig. 73). Additionally, in the  candidella group the valva has a large, sclerotised process at the base of the costal ventral membrane and the distal half of the valva is tapered (Figs 78, 80) and in the  albidella group the gnathos is not fused medially and has two narrow lateral posterior projections and there is a small sclerite medially in the aedeagus (Figs 47, 70, 74). The forewing venation characters of  Topiris are shared with  Athrypsiastis . However, in the male genitalia,  Athrypsiastis lack the filament-like distal projection of the aedeagus and the medial posterior projection of the gnathos strongly projects posteriorly and is strongly sclerotised, whereas the medial posterior projection of the gnathos in  Topiris is weakly sclerotised and weakly projects posteriorly (Figs 75, 76), or is absent in the case of the  albidella group (Figs 47, 74).  Topiris are known to occur from Thailand to Sulawesi whereas  Athrypsiastis are more easterly, known from Sulawesi to New Guinea.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult. Head: Ocelli absent. Frons with appressed scales, vertex with a tuft of long, narrow scales projecting away from the base of the antennae, with further tufts of long scales projecting upwards from the occiput and / or from the sides of the occiput projecting inwards and posteriorly, overlaying a collar of broad lamellate scales projecting posteriorly from the anterior margin of the prothorax. Pilifers short and broad, bristled. Maxillary palps very small. Labial palps long (&gt; 2.5 × diameter of eye) and strongly recurved. Haustellum with basal half covered with silver-white scales. Antennae ¾ length of forewing, scape thickly scaled, no pecten, pedicel short and broad, flagellum in male with dark pectinations, reducing at ¾ with apical portion filiform, pectinations with small white sensillae; flagellum in female filiform throughout. Thorax: Thorax with appressed lamellate scales. Tegulae short. Foreleg with tibial epiphysis. Tibial spurs 0–2 – 4. Hind legs with substantial tuft of long scales. Frenulum of male a single bristle from base of hindwing coupling with retinaculum under a scaled flap towards the base of Sc on the forewing. Forewing venation: R 1 from ~ ½ discal cell, R 3 present, R 3, R 4 and R 5 with a common stalk, R 3 pre-apical or to apex, R 4 and R 5 stalked, both post-apical. M 1, M 2 and M 3 parallel and evenly spaced. M 3 and CuA 1 stalked. CuP present. Hindwing venation: Sc and Rs widely spaced, M 2 and M 3 sometimes closely approximated, M 3 and CuA 1 stalked (Figs 62, 64). Forewings broad, hindwings at least as broad. Dorsal surface of forewings unicolourous and usually without any markings except for a small line of dark brown scales at the edge of the base of the costa. In some species and forms there is a patch of thicker scaling on the dorsum, appearing greyish or brownish. The forewing cilia are without lines. The pre-genital abdomen is concolourous with forewings with patches of short thick orange-brown tergal spines pointing posteriorly on posterior part of T 2 – T 7 and occasionally a small patch on T 8 (Fig. 66).</p><p>Male genitalia. Uncus anteriorly broad with anterior margin of dorsal surface weakly emarginate or almost straight, apical section spatulate or slightly bilobed (but tapering towards posterior apex in  albidella group), small additional sclerites present in some members of  salva group. Gnathos fused medially, with small, lightly sclerotised medial plate with single medial projection, weakly projecting posteriorly (Fig. 75) ( albidella group: gnathos not fused medially with two narrow lateral posterior projections (Figs 47, 74)). Band of tegumen broad, strongly or moderately arched, lateral extensions of tegumen equal to or longer than width of tegumen band. Vinculum U shaped (but diverging strongly distad of saccus in  candidella group (Fig. 77)), generally projecting substantially beyond base of valvae (but projecting weakly in  candidella group). Saccus generally large (but small in  candidella group). Anellus lobes broad. Valva with setose ventral membrane from costa (with a long, sclerotised setose process from the base in  candidella group (Fig. 78)), basal projection of costal margin setose where present, apex of valva often with tuft of bristles, small elongate ventral sclerite near saccular margin, usually with a projection joining to base of saccular process. Sacculus large, longer than broad. Saccular process developing from distal part of sacculus, folded ventrad, large and distinctive, generally commencing close to costa of valva, straight towards base, generally without strong bristles apically. Aedeagus with recurved, filament-like distal process. Bulbus ejaculatorius long, generally two coils and a long hood.</p><p>Female genitalia. Papillae anales short and broad. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. Ostium small and circular. S 8 variable. Antrum long straight and narrow, sclerotised almost throughout and also usually scobinate. Ductus bursae long and thin with contrasting membranous posterior and scobinate anterior sections. Corpus bursae large elongate, without signum.</p><p>Biology and early stages.</p><p>The biology and early stages of members of the genus are almost unknown, with the exception of  T. salva, which (as a species of  Athrypsiastis) has been reported as a pest of the genera  Citrus ( Rutaceae) and  Morus (see account of  T. salva for details). Also on the basis of the similarities in the COI of  T. salva and the exemplar identified as “  Linoclostis gonatias ” for the mitogenome analysed by Su et al. 2020, we consider that the species there described as a pest of tea  Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and Oil-seed  Camellia C. oleifera C. Abel ( Theaceae) is  T. salva and not  Linoclostis gonatias Meyrick (for which Robinson et al. 2001: 246 cite  C. sinensis as a host). Males of many of the species of  Topiris have been collected at light. Females have been collected occasionally at light.  Topiris have been found in lowland, mangrove, montane and secondary forest. The tectiform resting posture of  T. salva is illustrated in Figs 30, 31, and in numerous pictures on iNaturalist (under  Athrypsiastis salva) (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=1391516) from China and Hong Kong.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The genus  Topiris is known from China, Thailand, Indonesia (Borneo and Sulawesi), Malaysian Borneo (Sarawak), Brunei, and Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p>Status and conservation.</p><p>Topiris salva is the correct identity of the records of “  Linoclostis gonatias ” as a pest species in China and possibly Taiwan (Sonan 1939). Only  T. salva,  T. schneeweissella, and T. sp. RMNH.INS.20000 (BIN, BOLD: AAL 9269) have been recorded post- 2000.</p><p>Note on Walker’s etymology.</p><p>Francis Walker sometimes used ancient place names of no particular significance as generic names (Hoare 2010). ‘  Topiris ’ is referred to in classical literature as a town in the province of Thrace, situated near Abdera and the mouth of the river Nestus, Greece.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BC8E1F9998D585BA2C368B7598E336C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Sterling, Mark J.;Price, Ben W.;Lees, David C.	Sterling, Mark J., Price, Ben W., Lees, David C. (2025): A revision of the hitherto neglected genus Topiris Walker, 1863 (Lepidoptera, Xyloryctidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus Athrypsiastis Meyrick, 1910. ZooKeys 1229: 297-368, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1229.119155
