identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6508F7589631FFABCAE5F8F0E934FD3B.text	6508F7589631FFABCAE5F8F0E934FD3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Codonopsis benthamii Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.	<div><p>Codonopsis benthamii Hook.f. &amp; Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 14. 1857. Lectotype</p><p>(designated by Hong, 2010): INDIA, Sikkim, Lachen, 2740 m, 31.07.1849, J.D. Hooker s.n. (K [K000814213 digital image!]). Fig. 1</p><p>Erect foetid herbs. Stems 18–90 cm long, ascending, scandent, branched, sparsely hairy. Leaves alternate or nearly opposite; petioles 6–35 mm long, sparsely villous; lamina broadly ovate or ovate–lanceolate, 3–8 × 1.5–5.5 cm, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, irregularly lobed along the margins, crenate, deep green and sparsely puberulous adaxially, pale green and densely hirsute abaxially, with a prominent midrib, 4–5-nerved. Flowers solitary, terminal; pedicels 3.5–5 cm long, villous. Calyx tube obconic, 14–20 mm long, adnate to half of the hypanthium, 10-ribbed; lobes ovate, 10–13 × 4–7 mm, acute at apex, glabrous, rarely sparsely hispidulous, denticulate towards apex, ciliate. Corolla tubular, narrowly campanulate, somewhat constricted in the middle, 17–30 × 13–20 mm, yellow-green with dull purplish veins, glabrous outside, brown spotted inside; lobes five, triangular, 2.5–4 mm long, acute at apex. Stamens 5; filaments 5–9 mm long, wholly villous and narrowly dilated at base; anthers dorsally setose, 4.5–5.5 mm long, monothecal, dorsifixed. Ovary semi-inferior; style c. 7 mm long, densely ciliate; stigma 3-lobed, creamy white, recurved, glabrous. Capsules globose, with persistent calyx.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from July to September.</p><p>Habitat: It grows in the alpine scrub forest, on soil surface, usually associated with Cynoglossum wallichii G.Don ( Boraginaceae), Gypsophila cerastoides D.Don ( Caryophyllaceae), Meconopsis paniculata (D.Don) Prain ( Papaveraceae), Strobilanthes wallichii Nees ( Acanthaceae), etc.</p><p>Distribution: India, Bhutan, China, N. Myanmar and Nepal.</p><p>Specimens examined: INDIA, Sikkim, East district, Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, N 27̊22'30.69'', E 88̊43'28.35'', 3336 m, 03.07.2018, S. Lahiri &amp; S.S. Dash 86684; s.loc., 2740–3350 m, 1861, J.D. Hooker s.n.; Yakla, 3050 m, 20.10.1869, C.B. Clarke 10224; Ibid., 15.10.1869, C.B. Clarke 9879; Gangtok, 09.08.1877, G. King 4439; Ibid., 08.08.1877, G. King’s Collector 4440; Chola Range-Nathu La, 4270, 29.09.1892, G.A. Gammie 1322; Lachen, 2440 m, Sept-October 1909, Ribu &amp; Rhomoo 3016; Selu Valley, 3050 m, 03.09.1892, G.A. Gammie s.n. (CAL) .</p><p>Notes: Codonopsis benthamii closely resembles C. tubulosa Kom. and C. vadsea S.S.Dash &amp; A.A.Mao, but differentiated by its foetid smell and larger leaves (Dash &amp; Mao, 2011). Lidén and Adhikari (2019) mentioned the occurrence of C. benthamii from east of Anini in Upper Dibang valley of Arunachal Pradesh, but without giving any collection details.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6508F7589631FFABCAE5F8F0E934FD3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	S. S., Dash;S., Lahiri;A., Ghosh;Sinha, B. K.	S. S., Dash, S., Lahiri, A., Ghosh, Sinha, B. K. (2020): Notes on two lesser known Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from eastern Himalaya, India. Rheedea 30 (2): 286-292, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.05
6508F7589630FFAFCAE5FCBBED23FB3D.text	6508F7589630FFAFCAE5FCBBED23FB3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Codonopsis subsimplex Hook. f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.	<div><p>Codonopsis subsimplex Hook.f. &amp; Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 16. 1857. Lectotype (designated by Hong, 2010): INDIA, Sikkim, Lachen, 4270 m, 15.07.1849, J.D. Hooker s.n. (K [K000814205 digital image!]). Fig. 2</p><p>Erect foetid herbs. Stems 16–40 cm long, ascending, almost glabrous or sparsely white-villous, red. Leaves alternate or almost opposite on branches; petioles 0.4–4.2 cm long, glabrous or sparsely white villous; lamina broadly ovate, 2.5–10 × 2–5 cm, acute or slightly obtuse at apex, cuneate or rounded at base, crenate or dentate along margin, deep green and hispidulous adaxially, pale green and hispidulous abaxially, midrib prominent, hirsute along veins. Cymes terminal, 2–4-flowered; pedicels 3.5–5 cm long, villous. Calyx tube adnate to whole hypanthium; lobes ovate, almost as long as corolla, 12–15 × 5.5–8 mm, hirsute abaxially, margin denticulate, ciliate, acute at apex. Corolla campanulate, 10–22 × 11–18 mm, inflated at base and narrowed from middle, slightly revolute at apex, greenish-yellow, glabrous and lustrous outside; lobes ovate-deltoid, 2–3 mm long, obtuse at apex. Stamens 5; filaments 3–4.5 mm long, glabrous, slightly dilated at base; anthers 5–6 mm long, linear-oblong, glabrous, yellow. Ovary semi-inferior; style erect, c. 6 mm long, sparsely ciliate; stigma lobe ovoid, recurved. Capsules obovoid, gradually narrowed towards base, with persistent calyx.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from July to September.</p><p>Habitat: It grows in the alpine scrub forest, in association with Corydalis juncea Wall. ( Fumariaceae), Ligularia amplexicaulis DC. ( Asteraceae), Gentiana stylophora C.B.Clarke ( Gentianaceae), Morina nepalensis D.Don ( Dipsacaceae), Rhododendron setosum D.Don ( Ericaceae), etc.</p><p>Distribution: Bhutan, China, North India and Nepal.</p><p>Specimens examined: INDIA, Sikkim, East district, Kyangnosla Alpine Sanctuary, N 27̊23'37.59'', E 88̊45'23.19'', 3965 m, 03.07.2018, S. Lahiri &amp; S.S. Dash 85743; Ibid., 3350 m, 07.10.1870, C.B. Clarke 12542; Ibid., 3350 m, 08.10.1870, C.B. Clarke 13450; s.loc., 4750 m, 04.08.1893, Cummins s.n.; Ibid., 08.12.1903, Prain’s Collector 267; Sherabthang, 3960 m, 13.08.1910, W.W. Smith 4298; s.loc., 12.08.1910. W.W. Smith 4250; Zemu Valley, 3960 m, 20.07.1909, W.W. Smith &amp; G.H. Cave 1653 (CAL) .</p><p>Notes: Codonopsis subsimplex is close to C. gongshanica Q.Wang &amp; D.Y.Hong but differentiated by much smaller leaf, shorter petiole and with a solitary flower, smaller calyx lobes and pale purple corolla which has dark purple ring just below the throat.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6508F7589630FFAFCAE5FCBBED23FB3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	S. S., Dash;S., Lahiri;A., Ghosh;Sinha, B. K.	S. S., Dash, S., Lahiri, A., Ghosh, Sinha, B. K. (2020): Notes on two lesser known Codonopsis (Campanulaceae) from eastern Himalaya, India. Rheedea 30 (2): 286-292, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.02.05
