identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6F583C2DE113FFF5F869FCCDFEC966C3.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5F869FCCDFEC966C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobisiinae Chamberlin 1930	<div><p>Subfamily Neobisiinae Chamberlin 1930</p><p>Diagnosis.—Galea reduced to a sclerotic knob (Harvey 1992).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5F869FCCDFEC966C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5F87CFDB5FEAB667E.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5F87CFDB5FEAB667E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neobisiidae Chamberlin 1930	<div><p>Family Neobisiidae Chamberlin 1930</p><p>Diagnosis.—Apex of palpal coxa (manducatory process) rounded and with three or more setae. Venom apparatus absent from moveable chelal finger (Harvey 1992).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5F87CFDB5FEAB667E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FE53FC066775.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FE53FC066775.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium charlotteae Chamberlin 1962	<div><p>Parobisium charlotteae Chamberlin 1962 .</p><p>Type locality: Redmond Lava Cave, Deschutes County, Oregon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FE53FC066775	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FDD6FB616642.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FDD6FB616642.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium hastatum Schuster 1966	<div><p>Parobisium hastatum Schuster 1966 .</p><p>Type locality: 6 miles S El Dorado, El Dorado County, California. Other reported localities: Carson Ridge, Marin County; Bear Valley, Mariposa County; 10 miles S Monticello, Napa County; 4 miles W Newcastle, Placer County; Dutch Flat, Placer County; Placer Flat, Placer County; 7 miles NE Santa Rosa, Sonoma County; 6 miles N Rumsey, Yolo County, California.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FDD6FB616642	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FCA2FC6366A8.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FCA2FC6366A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium hesperum (Chamberlin 1930)	<div><p>Parobisium hesperum (Chamberlin 1930) .</p><p>Type locality: Cannon Beach, Clatsop County, Oregon. Other reported locality: Dunsmuir, Shasta County, California.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FCA2FC6366A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FBFBFB70610F.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FBFBFB70610F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium hesternum Schuster 1966	<div><p>Parobisium hesternum Schuster 1966 .</p><p>Type locality: Riverton, El Dorado County, California. Other reported localities: Bear Valley and Yosemite National Park, Mariposa County, California.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FBFBFB70610F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FB5DFC246073.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FB5DFC246073.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium utahensis Muchmore 1968	<div><p>Parobisium utahensis Muchmore 1968 .</p><p>Type locality: Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Cache County, Utah.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FB5DFC246073	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FAD0FC1A60F8.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FAD0FC1A60F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium vancleavei (Hoff 1961)	<div><p>Parobisium vancleavei (Hoff 1961) .</p><p>Type locality: Mesa Verde National Park, Montezuma County, Colorado.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FAD0FC1A60F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FA4BFBA66320.text	6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FA4BFBA66320.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium yosemite Cokendolpher and Krejca 2010	<div><p>Parobisium yosemite Cokendolpher and Krejca, n. sp. (this paper).</p><p>Type locality: Indian Cave, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, Mariposa County, California. Also reported from: Elf Village Cave, Yosemite Valley .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF5FAE0FA4BFBA66320	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE113FFF4F872FC21FA0362E3.text	6F583C2DE113FFF4F872FC21FA0362E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium CHAMBERLIN 1930	<div><p>Genus Parobisium Chamberlin 1930</p><p>Neobisium (Parobisium) Chamberlin 1930:17; Beier 1932:84; Morikawa 1960:112-113; Hoff 1961:427.</p><p>Parobisium Chamberlin: Chamberlin and Malcolm 1960:112-113; Chamberlin 1962:123; Harvey 1991:394; Mahnert 2003:744-745.</p><p>Diagnosis.—Fixed chelal finger with a compact subterminal cluster of only three tactile setae (et, it, est) and a more diffuse subbasal to basal cluster of five tactile setae (isb, ist, ib, esb, eb); both clusters of setae number four (et, est, it, ist / esb, eb, isb, ib) in other genera, and seta ist is subterminal instead of subbasal in position (Chamberlin 1962).</p><p>Subordinate taxa and distribution.— Parobisium now consists of 16 described species and four additional subspecies (Harvey 2009): East Asia: China (three species), Japan (four species), South Korea (two species); North America: western U.S.A. (seven species).</p><p>North American (U.S.A.) taxa:</p><p>KEY TO ADULTS OF THE GENUS PAROBISIUM OF NORTH AMERICA</p><p>Galea absent (Chamberlin 1962: Fig. 7H); large species, palpal femur and tibia each longer than 2.0 mm........................................... Parobisium charlotteae Chamberlin 1962 (troglophile, Deschutes County, Oregon)</p><p>Galea present, small rounded sclerotic knob (Figs. 25-26, 28); small to medium sized species, palpal femur and tibia each 0.5-1.8 mm long..................................................2</p><p>Anterior eyes reduced in size or absent, posterior pair absent; palpal femur longer than 1.4 mm ...................................................................................................................................3</p><p>Two pairs of eyes well developed; palpal femur shorter than 0.85 mm ...................................................4</p><p>Epistomal process a small extension (Fig. 5), palp patella with bulge on mesal margin (Figs. 14-15), palpal hand elongated in dorsal and ventral view (Fig. 15)....................................................... Parobisium yosemite Cokendolpher and Krejca, n. sp. (troglobite, Mariposa County, California)</p><p>Epistomal process absent, palpal patella smooth on mesal margin, palpal hand rounded in dorsal and ventral view (Schuster 1966: Fig. 12)………………………………........... .................................................................................................. Parobisium hesperum (Chamberlin 1930) (humus, Clatsop County, Oregon; Shasta County, California)</p><p>Smaller robust species, palpal femur 0.57-0.64 mm long, California ......................................................5</p><p>Medium sized species, palpal femur 0.72-0.84 mm long, Utah, Colorado ..............................................6</p><p>Galeal knob a long, low crest (Schuster 1966: Fig. 9); patella II with 11-12 setae; coxa IV with about 12 setae; anterior genital area (sternite II) of male with about 20 setae …......................................................... Parobisium hastatum Schuster 1966 (humus, El Dorado, Marin, Mariposa, Napa, Placer, Sonoma, Yolo counties, California)</p><p>Galeal knob a short, rounded crest (Schuster 1966: Fig. 11); patella II with 18 setae; coxa IV with about 16 setae; anterior genital area (sternite II) of male with about 30 setae........................................................... Parobisium hesternum Schuster 1966 (humus, El Dorado, Mariposa counties, California)</p><p>Posterior margin of carapace with 10-12 setae; palpal femur of male 3.9-4.1 times as long as broad, chela 3.3-3.4 times as long as broad; chelal fingers with 45-59 marginal teeth ……………….................. Parobisium vancleavei (Hoff 1961) (beneath rocks in pinyon-juniper woodland, Montezuma County, Colorado)</p><p>Posterior margin of carapace with 8-10 setae; palpal femur of male 4.2-4.4 times as long as broad; chela 3.7-3.8 times as long as broad; chelal fingers with 62-82 marginal macrodenticles ………………………………….....…. Parobisium utahensis Muchmore 1968 (moss on rocks, Cache County, Utah)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE113FFF4F872FC21FA0362E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
6F583C2DE115FFE1F9B5FEE4FB586640.text	6F583C2DE115FFE1F9B5FEE4FB586640.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parobisium yosemite Cokendolpher and Krejca 2010	<div><p>Parobisium yosemite Cokendolpher and Krejca, new species</p><p>Figs. 1-29</p><p>Type material and treatments [75% ethanol→ lactophenol→75% ethanol = 75elpe; 95% ethanol→lactophenol→75% ethanol = 95elpe].— U.S.A.: California: Mariposa County: Indian Cave (type locality): Holotype male, TTU-Z 51528 (Zara 3524), Journal Room, floor, 4 March 2009, leg. J. Krejca, K. McDermid, 95% ethanol, appendages -80°C, remainder 95elpe. Paratype male, TTU-Z 51540 (Zara-940), Journal Room, 15 August 2006, leg. J. Krejca, G. Stock, 75elpe. Paratype female, TTU-Z 51548 (Zara-915), Journal Room, 16 August 2006, leg. J. Krejca, G. Stock, elpe, appendages dried and mounted on SEM stub. Paratypes 2 females, TTU-Z 51584, 51588 (Zara 3532), Journal Room, 4 March 2009, leg. K. McDermid, J. Krejca, 95% ethanol, appendages -80°C, remainder room temperature. Not exposed to lactophenol. Paratypes 1 male, 1 female, CAS (formerly TTU-Z 51564 and 51536, Zara 3563), 1 female paratype, FSCA (formerly TTU-Z 51532), Journal Room 3 March 2009, leg. J. Krejca, K. McDermid, G. Stock, R. Sas, 95elpe. Male paratype, TTU-Z 51576, West Branch, 7 July 2009, leg. J. Krejca, poorly preserved - died in captivity, 75elpe. Male paratype, TTU-Z 51572, East Branch, 7 July 2009, leg. G. Stock, died in captivity - abdomen missing, poorly preserved, elpe. Female paratype, TTU-Z 51568, West Branch, 7 July 2009, leg. J. Krejca, died in captivity, 100% ethanol, -80°C, not exposed to lactophenol. Female paratype, TTU-Z 51556 (Zara 3549), East Branch, floor, 3 March 2009, leg. G. Stock, J. Krejca, K. McDermid, R. Sas, 95elpe. Tritonymph paratype, TTU-Z 51544 (Zara-920), Eastern Arm, 16 August 2006, leg. J. Krejca, G. Stock, elpe. Deutonymph paratype, TTU- 51552 (Zara 3549), East Branch, floor, 3 March 2009, leg. G. Stock, J. Krejca, K. McDermid, R. Sas, 95elpe. Deutonymph paratype, TTU-Z 51564 (Zara 3563), Journal Room, 3 March 2009, leg. J. Krejca, K. McDermid, G. Stock, R. Sas, 95elpe.</p><p>U.S.A.: California: Mariposa County: Elf Village Cave: Paratype female, TTU-Z 51580 (Zara 4175), 8 July 2009, leg. J. Krejca, left appendages in 100% ethanol, -80°C, body elpe .</p><p>Etymology.—The specific name Yosemite is used as a noun in apposition and is taken from the known localities which are in Yosemite (pronounced “yo-SEM-it-ee”) Valley in Yosemite National Park of the U.S.A. The area was apparently named after the Yosemite Indian peoples (http://theautry.org/yosemite/ [accessed 1 Sept. 2010]).</p><p>Vernacular name.— Yosemite Cave Pseudoscorpion.</p><p>Diagnosis.—With the characters of the family, subfamily, and genus. Posterior eyes absent, anterior pair reduced to a small, irregular shaped eyespot without reflective tapetum (Fig. 5), epistomal process a small extension (Fig. 5), cheliceral galea a small rounded knob (Figs. 25-28), palpal patella with small bulge mesally (Figs. 14-15), chelal fingers with 68-95 teeth, carapace 0.98-1.31 mm long.</p><p>Identification.—The new species can be told apart from all described congeners from North America by the key provided above. Parobisium hesternum was recorded from the Yosemite National Park and Bear Valley by Schuster (1966), but no habitat data were associated with the collection. It is unknown if they were from the bottom of a valley or on top of the mountains. The new species and Parobisium hesternum differ primarily in the more elongated palp and loss of eyes in P. yosemite . The new species differs also by having a bulge on the mesal margin of the palp patella (Figs. 14-15) and in setation: P. yosemite (followed by P. hesternum in brackets) patella II with 21-24 [18] setae; coxa IV with about 11-12 [16] setae; anterior genital area of sternite II of male with 58 [30] setae.</p><p>Description.—Coloration of abdomen and legs light tan to amber; prosoma, coxa and trochanter I-II, chelicerae, and palps reddish-brown (Figs. 1-4). Nymphs are similarly colored, but darkest areas are only light orange in color with lighter areas being cream to yellowish-amber.</p><p>Male (holotype): Body length 3.46 mm. Carapace a little longer than broad: widest in anterior fourth 0.99 mm; length 1.31 mm. Derm smooth; epistomal process small and rounded (Fig. 5). Posterior eyes absent, anterior pair reduced to a small, irregular shaped eyespot.</p><p>Chaetotaxy 4-5-3-4-2-6 (24); 2 pairs of small, medial lyrifissures at ¼ and ¾ carapace length (Fig. 5).</p><p>Abdomen elongated, 2.12 mm in length; widest in middle, 1.36 mm wide; width greater than width of carapace. Pleural membrane granulated (Fig. 9). Tergites and sternites entirely smooth (Figs. 9-10). Tergites wider than long. All tergites with setae in a single row: chaetotaxy 8:13:12:13:12:12:12:12:10:11:6 (121).</p><p>Male genital opening with 58 microsetae on sternite II. Sternite III with anteromedial cluster of 11 smaller setae near anterior margin, followed posteriorly by row of 4 setae, then row of 18 setae; total 34-35 setae on sternite III (Fig. 11). Internally, the ventral base of the genital operculum with 6 and 7 socketed spines bounded by larger triangular denticle on each side (Fig. 13).</p><p>Sternites V-VIII with 2 rows of setae, other sternites with single setal row posteriorly, plus anterior pair near midline, chaetotaxy IV-X: 27-0+13-2+15- 2+15-2+13-12-10 (111). Anal plate with 2 anterior, 2 posterior setae.</p><p>Chelicera 1.05 mm long and 0.27 mm deep; moveable finger 0.52 mm long, with 9 macrodenticles, galea smooth, rounded, very short knob; with 2-4 pores (see Figs. 28-29); palm with 7 setae and one lyrifissure (Fig. 25: lf); fixed finger with 13 (9 larger) macrodenticles; rallum with two groups of blades: (1) with 5 setae (distal 2-3 with distal serrations) (Fig. 27, arrow on right), (2) three shorter hirsute filaments (Fig. 27, left arrow). Chaetotaxy of coxae: palp 6-6, legs 8-8:9- 10:9-9:11-12. Posterior maxillary lyrifissure curved posteriorly at both ends (Figs. 7-8).</p><p>Palp long and slender, surface of each podomere with granules (Figs. 15, 18-24), except for hand smooth; granulations reduced or absent on dorsal side of patella and distal end of femur. Palpal trochanter 0.99 mm long, 0.33 mm deep; femur 1.82 mm long, 0.33 mm deep; patella 1.79 mm long, 0.42 mm deep; chela (tibia) 3.0 mm long, 0.64 mm deep, 0.68 mm tall; moveable finger (tarsus) 1.705 mm long. Apex of palpal coxa (manducatory process) curls around dorsally and extends anteriorly, rounded, with 4 (other type specimens with 4-6) setae on acute mesal edge. Venom duct only present in fixed palpal finger; short, not extending past ½ distance to et setae (Fig. 24). Palp chelal trichobothriotaxy: st close to t, sb closer to st than to b; on fixed finger it, et, and est near distal end, isb, esb, and eb at base (Fig. 24), and ib and ist on dorsum of hand (Fig. 18). Fixed chelal finger with 91 teeth; moveable finger with 85 teeth.</p><p>Legs relatively long and thin. Patella II with 24 setae. Leg IV: (femur + patella) 1.13 mm long, 0.30 mm deep; tibia 1.07 mm long by 0.17 mm deep. Long tactile setae on tibia and both tarsi of leg IV. Claws long and smooth, flanked on each side with subterminal tarsal seta deeply bifurcate (bifurcation with a few further microtricia, Fig. 6), arolium less than half length of claws.</p><p>Female (Indian Cave TTU-Z 51548, followed by Elf Village Cave TTU-Z 51580 in parentheses or brackets). Features as in male, except in details listed below: Body length 4.17 (3.67) mm. Carapace a little longer than broad: widest in middle, 0.92 (1.02) mm; length 0.98 (1.22) mm. Chaetotaxy 4-5-4-1-6 (20) [4- 4-2-2-4-5 (21)]; pairs of lyrifissures in median position at ¼ and ¾ distance of carapace.</p><p>Abdomen elongated 3.275 (2.65) mm in length; widest in middle, 1.24 (1.205) mm. Tergites all with setae in a single row: chaetotaxy 8-13-14-15-13-12- 13-12-11-12-9 (132) [8:11:12:12:13:11:11:12:13:14: 10 (127)].</p><p>Female genital opening with a pair of lyrifissures anteromedially (Fig. 12), 14 (7 right-7 left) [12 (4-8)] microsetae on sternite II and single row of 34 (37) setae (3-4 at each spiracle smaller than other setae) on sternite III (Figs. 9-10); tracheae visible (Fig. 9); details of internal genitalia as in Fig. 10.</p><p>Sternites VI (V in Elf Village Cave)-VIII with 2 rows of setae, others with single row posteriorly, anterior pair near midline or ¾ line and of similar size and form to posterior setae: IV-X chaetotaxy: 29-0+15- 2+17-2+14-2+15-12-12 (120), [22-2+13-2+14-2+15- 2+12-14-13 (111)]. Anal plate with 2 (2) anterior, 2 (2) posterior setae. Genitalia with atrium between sternites II and III; small median genital sac (Fig. 10, arrow 5) covered with pores and extending posteriorly from the cribiform gonosacs. The cribiform plate holes are noticeably smaller in diameter than those ending as pores on the medium genital sac.</p><p>Chelicera 0.71 (0.745) mm long and 0.32 (0.27) mm deep; moveable finger 0.445 (0.46) mm long, with 7 (6) macrodenticles (and few microdenticles), galea a smooth short rounded knob; palm with 7 (7) setae; fixed finger with 14 (13) macrodenticles; rallum with 8 (7) setae, the first 2 (2) setae with short serrations (at or about width of setae), distal 3 (2) setae with long (1.5 width of setae) serrations; 3 (3) shorter hirsute filaments (Fig. 27). Chaetotaxy of coxae: palp 4-6 (4-5), legs 8-10-5-12-8-7-5-10 (65), [12-10-6-12- 11-9-5-14 (79)].</p><p>Palp relatively long and slender when compared to other congeners, surface of each podomere with granules, except for most (basal and distal) of hand smooth (Figs. 23-24); granulations reduced or absent on dorsal side of patella and distal end of femur. Median maxillary lyrifissures of palpal coxae appearing elongate oval in Figs. 7-8, because of the angle of view, round in median view. Palpal trochanter 0.71 (0.825) mm long, 0.26 (0.29) mm deep; femur 1.44 (1.625) mm long, 0.265 (0.265) mm deep; patella 1.35 (1.56) mm long, 0.37 (0.39) mm deep; chela (tibia) 2.42 (2.75) mm long, 0.72 (0.63) mm tall; moveable finger (tarsus)1.24 (1.415) mm long. Fixed chelal finger with 82 (74) teeth; moveable finger with 77 (68) teeth (Figs. 18, 20-23); teeth are more pointed anteriorly on fixed finger.</p><p>Legs relatively long and thin compared to other congeners. Leg IV: (femur + patella) 1.18 (1.05) mm long, femur 0.235 (0.18) mm deep, patella 0.18 (0.22) mm deep; tibia 1.05 (0.995) mm long by 0.15 (0.13) mm deep. Long tactile setae on tibia at ½ length and both tarsi of leg at 1 / 7 and ⅓, respectively.</p><p>Nymphs:As in adults, leg claws long and smooth, flanked on each side with subterminal tarsal seta deeply bifurcate, arolium less than half length of claws in deutonymph and tritonymph. Eyespots not evident because cuticle is not darkly pigmented as in adults; no hint of a nerve fiber is evident.</p><p>Distribution.—This species has only been found in two granitic talus caves located less than 0.5 km apart, Indian Cave and Elf Village Cave in Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County, California (Fig. 30). These caves are located in a single expansive talus slope. Extensive hand searching and Berlese extraction of leaf litter at the second most extensive known cave in the valley, Spider Cave (approximately 2 km to the west), yielded no pseudoscorpions, except for a nymph of Apochthonius sp. ( Chthoniidae). Extensive hand searching and Berlese extraction at other unnamed minor talus caves and at nearby surface locations in the talus piles yielded other pseudoscorpions, but no specimens of Parobisium (Zara 2009) .</p><p>Habitat.—Indian Cave and Elf Village Cave are granitic talus caves (Figs. 31-32). The initial structure of the talus caves was formed instantaneously as a result of a rock avalanche (Wieczorek et al. 1999), with subsequent weathering that may serve to make the habitat more cave-like (e.g., stable temperatures and humidities) as sediments and smaller rocks seal off alternate entrances and surface water runoff creates regular pathways for water flow. Indian Cave consists of a series of passages and small rooms surveyed to 64 m long with a total depth below the entrances of 14 m. The present cave probably formed relatively recently, perhaps only a few hundred years ago (Wieczorek et al. 1999); however earlier talus caves almost certainly existed in the area as a result of rock falls from the valley walls following retreat of the Last Glacial Maximum glacier approximately 15,000 -20,000 years ago (Huber 1987). Even before the last glacial retreat, there were talus slopes uphill that were formed after the first glaciations about a million years earlier.</p><p>The entrance to Indian Cave (Fig. 31) consists of two discreet openings among boulders approximately 15 meters up a steep talus slope from a relatively flat terrace in the valley (Fig. 33). After a short climbdown from either opening is the first room of the cave, the Twilight Room, typified by low level sunlight, mossy walls, and a soil and leaf litter floor. After another short climbdown the passage splits, with the large obvious way being to the northeast, the Junction Room. This room marks the end of the light zone and a series of large steps downward and to the east in increasingly smaller passage leads to the East Branch of the cave. We found Parobisium yosemite in this branch. The substrate here consists of granite sand, rocks, leaf litter, and occasional rootlets with and without mold. From the Twilight Room climbdown to the southwest, a discreet smaller passage (West Branch, Fig. 35) winds under the entrance itself and continues as a crawlway with a granite gravel and sediment floor, past some woody debris, over a perennial pool, past a couple narrow restrictions and down another climbdown into the terminal room of the cave, the Journal Room. We also found Parobisium yosemite in this branch. The Journal Room has a sediment floor with sparse woody debris and leaf litter, and scattered loose rocks (Fig. 34).</p><p>The entrance to Elf Village Cave (Fig. 32) is a small (0.5 m) opening at the base of a large (10 m +) boulder. Approximately 4 m of crawlway passage leads into a long and wide low room (over 10 m diameter, 1-2 m tall) that is situated at an approximately 30 degree slope. At the low end of that room is a moist area with a rock, gravel, and sand floor that is scattered with acorns and pine cones. This is the only part of the cave where we found Parobisium yosemite . Caves where the species were not found were shallower and shorter. These sites often had 15 m or less of traversable cave passage, had multiple entrances that may contribute to a lack of stable temperature and humidity, and most of the extent of these caves was in the twilight zone rather than having true darkness like Indian and Elf Village caves. Spider Cave was the exception, with a true dark zone and extensive passage. At present the species is limited to the rockslide that encompasses the two known localities, but it is possible that the species is less detectable at Spider Cave due to some other factor such as frequent human visitation or a natural environmental parameter.</p><p>Microhabitat (Figs. 34-35).—During visits in August 2006, March 2009, and July 2009 we recorded substrate and temperature data for 40 different Parobisium yosemite observations (not all specimens were collected). We found most individuals on the undersides of rocks (60%, or 24/40 observations), and some of those rocks were on woody debris, on sand, or on a gravel floor with rootlets and fungus. The next most common microhabitat was wood (33%, or 13/40 observations). Individuals were typically on the undersides of pieces of wood, and occasionally on the top of the wood. We found the remaining 7% (3/40 observations) of individuals on a granite and sand floor; one was under granitic rock on sand floor. Total available substrate type was not measured, however our qualitative assessment of available habitat indicates a preference for undersides of rocks and woody debris, considering the majority of the floor area in the deep portions of the cave is breakdown, gravel, and granitic sand.</p><p>Temperatures ranged from 8.0-15.8°C with a mean of 10.5°C and standard deviation of 1.8°C. Relative humidity ranged from 73.2-100% with a mean of 92.7% and standard deviation of 7.3%. Sources of nutrients for this cave ecosystem include leaf litter and woody debris washed into the cave, rootlets penetrating into the cave, and possibly trogloxenes including small mammals. We did not observe a large amount of small mammal scat, however in some places it seemed unlikely that acorns were washed in by rains, but more likely carried in by mammals. Some of the woody debris appears too large to have been carried in by animals, thus it is possible that it was captured during the rockslide event that formed the cave or carried into the cave by early explorers (Fig. 35).</p><p>Abundance.—During visits in August 2006, March 2009, and July 2009 we recorded survey effort for 39 different Parobisium yosemite observations. At Indian Cave, in the zones where the species was found, one individual was found on average every 22 minutes (total seen = 36, total search effort = 784 person-minutes). At Elf Village Cave one individual was found on average every 11 minutes (total seen = 3, total search effort = 33 person-minutes).</p><p>Prey.—On 7 July 2009 in the Journal Room of Indian Cave we turned a rock over to find one Parobisium yosemite with a springtail in its chelicerae. The entomobryid, on field identification, appeared to be the fairly common small, white Sinella or Pseudosinella springtail. Other potential prey items we observed commonly included two species of free-living mites, flies, small spiders (nesticid and pimoid), beetles, ants, and millipedes. The larger silver Tomocerus springtails are more commonly seen near the cave entrance, not overlapping with the areas where Parobisium yosemite was seen.</p><p>Three adult specimens we held in captivity in Petri dishes that were half-filled with Plaster of Paris and a small wax-lined hole for holding free water. A variety of small to tiny invertebrates were offered as food: snails, slugs, earthworms, nematodes, flies, ants, aphids, collembolla, moths, small crickets, and linyphiid, uloborid, and theridiid spiders. The only item eaten was a small theridiid spider (probably Theridion). Pseudoscorpions held in captivity would slowly walk around the dish with palps extended and held open. Whenever they encountered a new potential prey in the container, they would tap the tips of the palps around the animal or appendage. As soon as the animal was touched the pseudoscorpion would retract the palps and change direction of movement. After this first encounter, the pseudoscorpion would not react upon touching the potential prey again and would often just walk over the potential prey. In one case an ant ( Solenopsis invicta) reacted to the pseudoscorpion and bit and held onto a leg tarsus. The sting had been removed from the ant prior to introduction into the Petri dish. The ant was dead, but still clinging to the leg when first observed, so it is not certain if the pseudoscorpion tried to eat the ant or visa-versa.</p><p>Ecological Status.—Extensive searching (&gt;27 person-hours) of similar microhabitats nearby but outside of the granite talus caves where the species was found yielded other pseudoscorpion species but no examples of Parobisium yosemite . We searched under rocks, in packrat nests, under bark and in leaf litter using hand collections and Berlese funnel extractions (Zara 2009). While it is impossible to prove absence, this habitat association, combined with the eye loss and propensity for cave-adaptation of pseudoscorpions, lead us to believe this species is troglobitic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F583C2DE115FFE1F9B5FEE4FB586640	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER;JEAN K. KREJCA	JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, JEAN K. KREJCA (2010): A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS PAROBISIUM CHAMBERLIN 1930 (PSEUDOSCORPIONES: NEOBISIIDAE) FROM YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, U. S. A. Occasional Papers of the Museum 297: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748478
