taxonID	type	description	language	source
6C0187EAFF8AE3662401CC09D9774A29.taxon	description	Figs. 1 – 15	en	Kojima, Hiroaki, Morimoto, Katsura (2003): A New Lignyodes Dejean, A New Representative of the Genus and the Tribe Lignyodini from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 383-389, DOI: 10.1649/567, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/567
6C0187EAFF8AE3662401CC09D9774A29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pronotum and elytra with yellowish grey scales, lacking pattern of variously colored scales (Fig. 1); rostrum (Figs. 2 – 3) long, slender, arcuate; integument rufous except faintly dark head and rostrum; aedeagus asymmetrical at apex (Fig. 10).	en	Kojima, Hiroaki, Morimoto, Katsura (2003): A New Lignyodes Dejean, A New Representative of the Genus and the Tribe Lignyodini from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 383-389, DOI: 10.1649/567, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/567
6C0187EAFF8AE3662401CC09D9774A29.taxon	description	Description. Male. Length: 2.65 mm. Width: 1.35 mm. Head: scales on vertex seta-like, replaced posteriorly and ventrally by slender, acuminate scales; scales on gena broad, whitish; eyes moderately large, slightly prominent, separated by distance 0.2 3 eye length, eye width 1.3 3 length. Rostrum (Fig. 2) slender, 1.2 3 pronotal length; in profile, evenly arcuate from base to apex; in dorsal view side slightly tapered to subparallel from base to level of antennal insertion, slightly narrowed distad of insertion, then slightly expanded to apex, there wider than rostrum at base; proximal portion 60 % of total rostral length, with shallow lateral and dorsolateral sulci, glabrous, except for dorsolateral setae and narrow scales at extreme base; distal half shallowly sulcate, glabrous, except for few small setae; dorsal margin of scrobe carinate to eye; antennal club (Fig. 8) with 3 rd and 4 th articles subequal in length, their combined length of nearly as long as 2 nd. Prothorax (Fig. 1): 1.4 3 as wide as long, nearly as wide as elytra at base; sides strongly rounded from base to feebly developed subapical constriction; disc with short, narrow, apically attenuate, recumbent scales, with admixture of slightly larger, feebly raised scales; pleura with broader scales. Elytra (Fig. 1): in dorsal view, humeri not prominent, sides subparallel to middle; interspaces flat, odd-numbered slightly wider than, but not more convex than even-numbered; surface of each interspace slightly irregularly, shallowly, discretely punctate; slightly raised scales uniseriate on each interspace. Abdomen: sterna 1 and 2 slightly, continuously, concave medially; sterna 3 – 4 flat; sternum 5 shallowly but distinctly concave medially; sides of sterna 1 – 4 with whitish, oblong scales; sides of sternum 5 with acuminate seta-like scales, median portion of sterna 1 and 2 with sparse, recumbent setae; sterna 3 – 5 with denser, recumbent setae. Legs (Figs. 4 – 5): femora uniformly clothed with long, finely acuminate, recumbent seta-like scales; protibia with large uncus, praeomucro obsolete, metabitial uncus small, with slight basal prominence. Genitalia (Figs. 10 – 11). Female. Length: 2.60 – 2.90 mm. Width: 1.30 – 1.40 mm. Rostrum (Fig. 3): 1.20 – 1.25 3 pronotal length; proximal portion 48 – 50 % of total rostral length; entire rostrum with obsolete punctation. Legs (Figs. 6 – 7): protibia with curved uncus; metatibia with shorter, perpendicular uncus. Spiculum ventrale: (Fig. 13). Spermatheca: (Fig. 12).	en	Kojima, Hiroaki, Morimoto, Katsura (2003): A New Lignyodes Dejean, A New Representative of the Genus and the Tribe Lignyodini from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 383-389, DOI: 10.1649/567, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/567
6C0187EAFF8AE3662401CC09D9774A29.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype female (Type No. 3144, ELKU): JAPAN: Honshu. Mt. Soumon, Miyagawa, Mie Pref., 1. viii. 1998, K. Kanno. Paratypes. JAPAN: Honshu. Takenari, Komono, Mie-Pref., 9. viii. 1997, K. Kanno (1 female, ELKU); Wakaura, Wakayama City, 16. viii. 1990, M. Kitahata (1 female, IM); 16. ix. 1991, M. Kitahata (1 male, ELKU).	en	Kojima, Hiroaki, Morimoto, Katsura (2003): A New Lignyodes Dejean, A New Representative of the Genus and the Tribe Lignyodini from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 383-389, DOI: 10.1649/567, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/567
6C0187EAFF8AE3662401CC09D9774A29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Honshu-Kii Peninsula).	en	Kojima, Hiroaki, Morimoto, Katsura (2003): A New Lignyodes Dejean, A New Representative of the Genus and the Tribe Lignyodini from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 383-389, DOI: 10.1649/567, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/567
6C0187EAFF8AE3662401CC09D9774A29.taxon	discussion	Discussion Relationships. This species is superficially similar to L. helvolus (LeConte) and L. auratus Clark from North America and L. uniformis Desbrochers and L. dieckmanni Clark and Lodos from Europe in lacking a scale pattern on the elytra. Lignyodes japonicus differs from L. helvolus and L. auratus in the structure of the antennal club. Both have the 2 nd segment longer than the 3 rd and 4 th segments combined and the symmetrical apex of aedeagus as in North American species. Lignyodes japonicus also differs from L. uniformis and L. dieckmanni in its smaller body (2.6 – 2.9 mm in L. japonicus, but more than 3.5 mm in L. uniformis and L. dieckmanni and the shape of apices of the aedeagus and rostrum are different (see Figs. 1, 6 and 7 of Clark and Lodos 1981). The asymmetrical apex of the aedeagus occurs in European species and some North American species such as L. horridulus (Casey), L. bischoffi (Blatchley) and L. arizonicus (Sleeper). The shape of the apex of the aedeagus of L. japonicus is similar to those of L. horridulus and L. uniformis. However, the orificial sclerite and spiculate structures of the inner sac are different from those of L. japonicus. These structures are similar to L. fraxini (LeConte) although the latter has an aedeagus with a symmetrical apex. The antennal club and rostrum of L. japonicus are similar to those of L. bischoffi and L. fraxini, but the latter two species have differently formed tibiae and / or unci. The tibial structure of L. japonicus is similar to L. horridulus or L. arizonicus. Thus, it is difficult to determine the closest relative of L. japonicus at present without phylogenetic analysis. But, judging from characters observed, L. japonicus may have some affinity with the North American species L. bischoffi, L. arizonicus, L. fraxini or L. horridulus. Biology. Biological information is rather restricted for L. japonicus; one adult was collected on leaves of Quercus phillyraeoides by beating and one other came to a light trap. The habit of flight to light was already known for this group, and judging from the previous host records of this genus, the collection from Quercus phillyraeoides is probably incidental. Thus, the Japanese species, is most likely associated with the genus Fraxinus as is the case with other species. Although this species is rare in collections, an intensive survey of Fraxinus and use of light traps for collecting around the known localities probably will be successful to increase samples available.	en	Kojima, Hiroaki, Morimoto, Katsura (2003): A New Lignyodes Dejean, A New Representative of the Genus and the Tribe Lignyodini from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 57 (4): 383-389, DOI: 10.1649/567, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/567
