taxonID	type	description	language	source
715C87CF9730FFC1FF4FF953E29DBD4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the dark orangish colour of this fungus, which resembles the dusk sky.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF9730FFC1FF4FF953E29DBD4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from A. aurorinus by the larger apothecium, darker hymenium surface when fresh, brighter hymenium surface after dried, smaller ascospores, more frequently branching paraphyses and the medullary excipulum with less elements of a textura globulosa.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF9730FFC1FF4FF953E29DBD4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Guangdong Province: Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, on soil, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, July 15, 2024, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 24018 (HKAS 145959, holotype! (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; nrLSU: PV 168197; rpb 2: PV 172440; tef- 1 α: PV 172447); HTBM 2075, isotype!).	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF9730FFC1FF4FF953E29DBD4D.taxon	description	Description: — Ascomata tiny to small, substipitate. Apothecium 4 – 18 mm broad, 1.5 – 8.5 mm high excluding the pseudorhiza, irregularly concave, discoid to nearly plane, with a flat to flexuous margin when mature, with a fragile, yellowish to orangish pseudorhiza. Hymenium surface smooth, tangerine orange (# F 5 AC 4 C) to carrot orange (# F 79 D 3 D) when fresh, becoming papaya red (# F 99565) to sparrow orange (# DA 9 D 71) after dried. External surface relatively rough, amber orange (# F 1 C 740) to honey orange (# FFAC 2 A) when fresh, becoming bread orange (# F 3 C 374) to eggshell orange (# F 4 C 291) after dried. Context fragile, yellowish to orangish. Odour indistinct. Taste unknown. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong, uniseriate, nearly colourless, slightly thick- to thick-walled, non-septate, smooth, {40 / 2 / 2} (6) 6.5 – 8 [7.14 ± 0.51, 7.50] × 4 – 5 [4.50 ± 0.34, 4.50] µm, Q = (1.33) 1.40 – 1.78 (1.88) [1.59 ± 0.12, 1.56] including spore wall, uni- to biguttulate. Asci narrowly cylindrical, operculate, eight-spored, nearly colourless, 105 – 125 µm in length, with a sporiferous part 55 – 65 × 6 – 7.5 µm when mature, with a crozier at the base. Paraphyses abundant, filiform, slightly yellowish to yellowish, 3.5 – 5 µm wide at the middle, septate, unbranched to frequently branched. Subhymenium up to 36 µm thick, slightly yellowish to yellowish. Medullary excipulum up to 205 µm thick, composed of a gelatinized textura intricata of slightly yellowish to yellowish, 5 – 21 µm wide, thick-walled hyphae, mixed with a gelatinized textura globulosa of slightly yellowish to yellowish, 12 – 36 × 9 – 27 µm, thick-walled cells. Ectal excipulum up to 125 µm thick, composed of a slightly gelatinized textura globulosa to textura angularis of slightly yellowish to yellowish, 10 – 42 × 7.5 – 28 µm, slightly thick- to thick-walled cells, with abundant hyphae up to 8.5 µm wide at the middle and up to 11.5 µm wide at the inflated top and some inflated cells up to 15 µm long and 11 µm wide arising from the external surface. Habitat and distribution: — Solitary to gregarious, on soil of subtropical forests. Currently known from South China. Additional collections examined: — CHINA. Guangdong Province: Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, on soil, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, August 2, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, L 23254 (HTBM 1206 (nrLSU: PV 168192; tef- 1 α: PV 172443 )); same location, August 26, 2024, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 24045 (HTBM 2125 (nrLSU: PV 168198; rpb 2: PV 172441; tef- 1 α: PV 172448 )). Notes: — Also similar to A. heilongjiangensis, A. lusakianus and A. xishuangbannicus, but differing from A. heilongjiangensis by the larger apothecium with a pseudorhiza, smaller and uni- to biguttulate ascospores, longer asci, wider paraphyses, the medullary excipulum of a textura intricata and textura globulosa and the ectal excipulum of a textura globulosa to textura angularis; differing from A. lusakianus by the larger apothecium, ellipsoid to oblong and larger ascospores, longer and wider asci, filiform and thinner paraphyses and the medullary excipulum of a textura intricata and textura globulosa; and from A. xishuangbannicus by the larger apothecium, uni- to biguttulate and smaller ascospores, shorter and thinner asci, thinner paraphyses, the medullary excipulum of a textura intricata and textura globulosa and the ectal excipulum of a textura globulosa to textura angularis.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF973DFFCFFF4FFAC3E408BFD4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the whitish to palely yellowish colour and the shape of this fungus, which resemble meteors.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF973DFFCFFF4FFAC3E408BFD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from Acervus epispartius f. albus Korf & W. Y. Zhuang (1989: 297) by the larger apothecium, broader ascospores, longer and wider asci, wider paraphyses, the medullary excipulum of a textura angularis to textura globulosa and the ectal excipulum of a textura angularis, textura globulosa to textura epidermoidea, and from other species of Acervus by the whitish to palely yellowish ascomata.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF973DFFCFFF4FFAC3E408BFD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Guangdong Province: Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, South China Agricultural University, a lawn in front of the College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, on soil, 23 ° 09 ' 34 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 40 " E, elevation 30 m, August 30, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L 23338 (HKAS 145957, holotype! (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; nrLSU: PV 168193; rpb 1: PV 172437; rpb 2: PV 172439; tef- 1 α: PV 172444); HTBM 1319, isotype!).	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF973DFFCFFF4FFAC3E408BFD4.taxon	description	Description: — Ascomata small, sessile to shortly stipitate. Apothecium 11 – 16 mm broad, 3.5 – 5.5 mm high excluding the stipe, irregularly concave, discoid to nearly plane, usually with an involute margin when mature, arising from a whitish mycelial pad. Hymenium surface smooth, star white (# FBFBEB), garlic yellow (# F 1 F 0 D 4) to thatch yellow (# F 1 ECC 5) when fresh, becoming bone brown (# E 3 D 3 C 4), turtledove brown (# D 0 BCA 4) to mongoose brown (# B 5 A 284) after dried. External surface relatively rough, concolorous with hymenium surface. Stipe short or absent, up to 1 mm long, concolorous with hymenium surface. Context thin, fragile, concolorous with hymenium surface. Odour indistinct. Taste unknown. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong, uniseriate, nearly colourless, thin- to slightly thick-walled, non-septate, smooth, {40 / 2 / 1} 5.5 – 6.5 [6.05 ± 0.35, 6.00] × 3.5 – 4.5 [4.00 ± 0.19, 4.00] µm, Q = 1.38 – 1.71 [1.51 ± 0.09, 1.50] including spore wall, uniguttulate. Asci narrowly cylindrical, operculate, eight-spored, nearly colourless, 80 – 100 µm in length, with a sporiferous part 42 – 50 × 5.5 – 7 µm when mature, with a crozier at the base. Paraphyses abundant, filiform, nearly colourless, 3 – 4.5 µm wide at the middle, septate, usually unbranched, rarely branched. Subhymenium up to 23 µm thick, nearly colourless. Medullary excipulum up to 150 µm thick, composed of a gelatinized textura angularis to textura globulosa of nearly colourless, 9 – 31 × 8.5 – 23 µm, thick-walled cells and some gelatinized, 5 – 13 µm wide, nearly colourless, thick-walled hyphae. Ectal excipulum up to 105 µm thick, composed of a textura angularis, textura globulosa to textura epidermoidea of nearly colourless, 9.5 – 40 × 7.5 – 26 µm, thin-walled cells, with some hyphae up to 7 µm wide and some inflated cells up to 47 µm long and 14 µm wide arising from the external surface. Habitat and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil of urban green belts. Currently known from South China.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
715C87CF973CFFCFFF4FFDE7E211B620.taxon	description	Description: — Ascomata tiny to small, sessile, at first globular and top-flattened with an indented ring-like structure, then the indented ring separating from the surrounding material by the expansion of apothecium and resulting in a flap-like tissue attached to the edge of apothecium or fallen off. Apothecium 7.5 – 10.5 mm broad, 2 – 3.5 mm high, cupulate to nearly plane, with an often ruptured margin when mature, arising from a yellowish mycelial pad. Hymenium surface smooth, autumn orange (# F 5 C 040), honey orange (# FFAC 2 A) to dark persimmon orange (# EC 8 D 32) when fresh, becoming deer orange (# E 69754) after dried. External surface relatively rough, yolk orange (# FEDC 3 D) to sun orange (# FCD 742) when fresh, becoming walnut orange (# E 9 C 680) to curry orange (# CDA 546) after dried. Context fragile, yellowish to orangish. Odour indistinct. Taste unknown. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong, uniseriate, nearly colourless, thin- to slightly thick-walled, non-septate, smooth, {40 / 2 / 2} 6 – 7 (7.5) [6.63 ± 0.38, 6.50] × 3.5 – 4.5 [3.84 ± 0.30, 4.00] µm, Q = 1.44 – 2.00 [1.73 ± 0.13, 1.75] including spore wall, uniguttulate. Asci narrowly cylindrical, operculate, eight-spored, nearly colourless, 75 – 120 µm in length, with a sporiferous part 41 – 48 × 6 – 8 µm when mature, with a crozier at the base. Paraphyses abundant, filiform, yellowish, 4.5 – 7 µm wide at the middle, septate, unbranched to frequently branched. Subhymenium up to 25.5 µm thick, slightly yellowish to yellowish. Medullary excipulum up to 415 µm thick, composed of a gelatinized textura intricata of yellowish, 6.5 – 20 µm wide, thick-walled hyphae. Ectal excipulum up to 185 µm thick, composed of a slightly gelatinized textura globulosa, textura angularis to textura epidermoidea of slightly yellowish to yellowish, 10.5 – 50 × 10 – 30 µm, thin-walled cells, with abundant hyphae up to 7.5 µm wide at the middle arising from the external surface. Habitat and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil in the field or in mushroom cultivation farms. Currently known from Africa (Benin: GenBank No. PQ 528032 (nrLSU )), Asia (China), Europe (Italy) and North America (USA) with molecular evidence. Collections examined: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Kunming City, Kunming Botanical Garden, on soil, 25 ° 08 ' 33 " N, 102 ° 44 ' 26 " E, elevation 1975 m, August 28, 2020, Zhu L. Yang, HKAS 112794; same location, October 12, 2023, Zhu L. Yang, HKAS 131151; same location, August 18, 2024, Kun L. Yang, K 24072 (HTBM 2087 (nrLSU: PV 168191; rpb 2: PV 172438; tef- 1 α: PV 172442 )). Notes: — Although a form, namely Acervus epispartius f. albus, has been reported within this species, A. epispartius f. epispartius has vividly coloured ascomata, larger ascospores, longer and wider asci and wider paraphyses, suggesting that these two taxa may actually represent two independent species.	en	Lin, Jia Y., Liu, Zhen-Chao, Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L., Yang, Kun L. (2025): Three new species of Acervus (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from South China. Phytotaxa 700 (1): 73-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.700.1.6
