identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
755087C36E6CFFAABAAF1677FB6F2A3F.text	755087C36E6CFFAABAAF1677FB6F2A3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sida brachyclada G. Guerra 2025	<div><p>Sida brachyclada G.Guerra, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2 and 3C)</p><p>Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.362247&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.366112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.362247/lat -10.366112)">Sento Sé</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.362247&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.366112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.362247/lat -10.366112)">Minas do Mimoso</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.362247&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.366112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.362247/lat -10.366112)">Campo Largo</a>, 1.169 m, 10º21′58”S 41º21′44.1”W, 07 October 2024, bd, fl. &amp; fr., G. Guerra &amp; R. L. Borges 515 (holotype: ALCB 153528!, isotypes: CBC!, HUEFS!)</p><p>Diagnosis: —This species is similar to Sida dubia Saint-Hilaire &amp; Naudin (1842: 50) but can be distinguished by its shrubby habit with short lateral brachyblasts (vs. subshrub with absent brachyblasts), smaller leaves (4–)5–10(–15) mm long (vs. 10–35 mm), lax terminal flowers (vs. congested), and petals golden yellow with a distinct dark red basal spot (vs. pink to pale yellow without a conspicuous basal spot). Sida brachyclada and Sida maculata Cavanilles (1785: 20) share a shrubby and deciduous habit, ovate to elliptical leaves, and golden yellow flowers with a red spot. However, S. brachyclada differs by its shorter stipules, 1.2–4.5 mm long (vs. 5–10 mm), smaller leaves (10–60 mm long in S. maculata), pubescent indumentum (vs. tomentose to villous) and 3-veined leaves (vs. 5–7-veined).</p><p>Description: —Shrub, erect, 30–50 cm tall. Stems cylindrical, reddish-brown to greenish with persistent brachyblasts bearing scars of deciduous leaves and stipules, pubescent to tomentose on younger portions and glabrescent on older ones, bearing stellate-multiradiate (rays ≤ 0.4 mm), glandular and sparse simple trichomes 0.8– 1.5 mm long. Stipules 1.2–4.5 mm long, narrowly triangular to subulate, green to vinaceous, deciduous. Petioles cylindrical, slightly sulcate at the base, 1.5–10 mm long, with stellate, glandular, and less frequently simple trichomes; blades discolorous, 3-veined, (4–)5–10(–15) × (2–)3–6(–8) mm, ovate, elliptical or rarely oblong, often conduplicate, base subcordate to cordate, apex obtuse, margins serrate to dentate, adaxial surface puberulent to pubescent, abaxial pubescent to tomentose, stellate-multiradiate, bifurcate and glandular trichomes on both sides (rare simple trichomes on the upper surface). Inflorescence axillary, consisting of solitary flowers concentrated distally on dolichoblasts, usually in an indeterminate lax corymbiform arrangement, rarely solitary on brachyblasts; flowers bisexual, 5-merous, dichlamydeous and heterochlamydeous; pedicels (8–)9–40(–48) mm long, articulated above the midpoint, often with vinaceous stripes, pubescent with stellate, glandular, and simple trichomes; calyx 6.0– 7.9 mm long, lobes 3–4.4 mm long, apices attenuate, less frequently acute, margins and midvein dark green to vinaceous, abaxial surface pubescent to tomentose with stellate, glandular and simple, or bifurcate, trichomes along the midvein, adaxial surface glabrescent, with few small hyaline trichomes; corolla golden yellow to orangish with dark red basal spot, petals 10–13 mm long, with glandular trichomes on the upper margin and hyaline trichomes on the base; staminal tube 3–3.3 mm long, glabrous or with few simple hyaline trichomes, filaments with glandular trichomes, anthers 0.7 × 1.2 mm; ovary 10- carpellate, 10-locular, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2 mm, broadly ovoid, pubescent on the upper half, styles 8–11, 6 mm long, connate up to the half their length, stigmas capitate. Fruit schizocarp, 4–4.7(–5.5) × 5.5–6 mm; mericarps 7–10, 3–3.2(–4) × 1.5–2 mm, reticulate at the dorsal side, laterally ribbed to reticulate, pilose on the upper half with simple and stellate hairs, punctate glandular trichomes uniformly distributed throughout the body, awns 1–1.5 mm, with retrorse and patent trichomes. Seeds 1 per mericarp, 2 mm long, with few glandular, simple, and bifurcate trichomes concentrated around the hilum and the superior ventral face.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Sida brachyclada is endemic to the state of Bahia, occurring in the Chapada Diamantina highlands and Serra da Jibóia (Fig. 4), in ecotonal zones between cerrado and caatinga, on latosols or sandy soils (Fig. 3A–B).</p><p>Phenology: —Specimens with flowers were recorded in February, March, April, May, August, October and November. Only those collected in March, April, August and October bore mature fruits.</p><p>Conservation: —With an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 71,813 km ² and a highly restricted Area of Occupancy (AOO) of only 28 km ², this species shows a fragmented distribution across six isolated subpopulations. Two of these occur within the Serra do Barbado and Boqueirão da Onça Environmental Protection Areas (APAs), both designated as IUCN Category V protected areas under Brazilian law (SNUC – Law 9.985/2000; Brasil, 2000). Although APAs are legally protected, they allow sustainable use zoning, including extractive activities, agriculture, and infrastructure development, which makes populations of S. brachyclada more vulnerable to habitat degradation than those found in strictly protected areas (e.g., Biological Reserves, IUCN Category Ia).</p><p>The combination of: (1) a critically small AOO (&lt;500 km ²), (2) severe fragmentation, and (3) an observed decline in habitat quality—with ongoing threats such as illegal mining, land conversion for agriculture, and urbanization— meets the IUCN Red List criteria for Endangered (EN) under B2ab(ii,iii). Moreover, the extremely low collection frequency (0.16 records per year) and lack of adequate protection reinforce the species′ high risk of extinction.</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet brachyclada (from Greek brachys = ‘short’ + klados = ‘branch’) was chosen to emphasize the species most distinctive morphological feature: its short lateral branches bearing evident scars of deciduous leaves and stipules (brachyblasts).</p><p>Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, Catolés, 29 November 1999, bd. &amp; fl., G.L. Campos et al. 201 (HUEFS!) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.265835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.242778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.265835/lat -10.242778)">Campo Formoso</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.265835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.242778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.265835/lat -10.242778)">Serra dos Morgados</a>, 819 m, 10º14′34′′S, 40º15′57′′W, 14 April 2006, bd., fl &amp; fr., V.J. Santos 568 (HUEFS!, SP) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.766666/lat -11.1)">Jacobina</a>, 11º06′S, 40º46′W, 29 August 1981, bd., fl. &amp; fr., L.M.C. Gonçalves 144 (HRB!, RB!) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.313168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.953889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.313168/lat -13.953889)">Lagoa Real</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.313168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.953889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.313168/lat -13.953889)">BA-122</a> (Caetité-Maniaçu), estrada para comunidade Lagoa Grande, 1024 m, 13º57′14′′S, 42º18′47,4′′W, 11 March 2022, bd. &amp; fl., E.H. Souza et al. 1411 (HURB!) ; Santa Terezinha, Barragem Casa Forte, 18 May 2017, bd. &amp; fl., G. Costa et al. 2451 (HURB!, HUEFS!) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.385002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.423889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.385002/lat -10.423889)">Umburanas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.385002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.423889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.385002/lat -10.423889)">próximo ao povoado de Campo Largo</a>, 1.093 m, 10º25′26′′S, 41º23′06′′W, 06 Feburary 2025, bd, fl. &amp; fr., H.A. Ogasawara &amp; G.B. Siqueira 518 (ALCB!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/755087C36E6CFFAABAAF1677FB6F2A3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Guerra, Gabriel C.;Colli-Silva, Matheus;Bovini, Massimo G.;Harley, Ana Maria Giulietti-	Guerra, Gabriel C., Colli-Silva, Matheus, Bovini, Massimo G., Harley, Ana Maria Giulietti- (2025): Sida brachyclada (Malveae, Malvoideae, Malvaceae): a new threatened species from the semiarid mountains of Bahia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 715 (1): 61-71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.4
755087C36E65FFA0BAAF11BEFA5D20D1.text	755087C36E65FFA0BAAF11BEFA5D20D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sida (sect. Cordifoliae) (Fryxell 1985)	<div><p>Identification key for Sida sect. Cordifoliae from Bahia, Brazil</p><p>1. Leaves narrowly linear, 2.1–3.1 mm wide ............................................................................................. Sida angustissima A.St.-Hil.</p><p>- Leaves ovate, elliptic, oblong, or orbicular, 4–60 mm wide ..............................................................................................................2</p><p>2. Leaf blades velutinous to villous on the adaxial surface, bearing stellate trichomes with rays longer than 0.5 mm; glandular trichomes rarely present .....................................................................................................................................................................3</p><p>- Leaf blades pubescent, puberulent or hirsute on the adaxial surface bearing stellate trichomes with rays shorter than 0.5 mm, or with simple and bifurcate trichomes; glandular trichomes often present...........................................................................................5</p><p>3. Petioles (1–)1.2–1.8(–2) mm wide; leaf blades 20–82 × 10–62 mm; calyx divided above the middle; mericarps 8–12 with awns 3–5 mm long, exerted beyond the calyx.................................................................................................................. Sida cordifolia L.</p><p>- Petioles 0.6–1(–1.2) mm wide; leaf blades 10–60 × 5–30 mm; calyx lobes divided below or at the middle; mericarps 7–10 with awns ≤ 3 mm, included within the calyx............................................................................................................................................4</p><p>4. Stipules ≤ 3 mm long; petioles up to 10 mm; leaves 5-veined with margins denticulate to serrulate; pedicels up to 10 mm ............ ..................................................................................................................................................................... Sida itaparicana Krapov.</p><p>- Stipules 5–10 mm long; petioles 10–15 mm; leaves 5–7 veined with margins dentate to serrate (often biserrate); pedicels up to 25 mm ........................................................................................................................................................................ Sida maculata Cav.</p><p>5. Shrubs with brachyblasts; stipules ≤ 4.5 mm; leaf blades pubescent or puberulent on the adaxial surface, with stellate and glandular trichomes; terminal inflorescence lax, with long pedicellate flowers, pedicels (8–)9–42(–48) mm long ........................................... .................................................................................................................................................................. Sida brachyclada G.Guerra</p><p>- Subshrubs without brachyblasts; stipules ≥ 8 mm; leaf blades hirsute on the adaxial surface, with simple or bifurcate trichomes; terminal inflorescence congested, with short pedicellate flowers, pedicels 2–11 mm long...................... Sida cerradoensis Krapov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/755087C36E65FFA0BAAF11BEFA5D20D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Guerra, Gabriel C.;Colli-Silva, Matheus;Bovini, Massimo G.;Harley, Ana Maria Giulietti-	Guerra, Gabriel C., Colli-Silva, Matheus, Bovini, Massimo G., Harley, Ana Maria Giulietti- (2025): Sida brachyclada (Malveae, Malvoideae, Malvaceae): a new threatened species from the semiarid mountains of Bahia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 715 (1): 61-71, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.4
