identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
742587BAFFADFF9061BB56F0DA49FE7F.text	742587BAFFADFF9061BB56F0DA49FE7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén 1817)	<div><p>Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén, 1817) immature stages</p><p>Description</p><p>First stage larva (L1) (Fig. 3)</p><p>Length: 2.4 mm; width: 0.75 mm; height: 0.68 mm (n = 1). The 8 th abdominal segment (anal segment) with two pairs of lappets. Oval in cross-section and flat ventrally with one pair of poorly developed crochet-less locomotory organs in the mesothorax and in the 1 st and 7 th. Head with well-developed antenno-maxillary organs. Anterior part larger than the posterior part. Colour: yellowish. PRP: light yellowish. Wrinkled surface above, smooth surface below transverse ridge.</p><p>Second stage larva (L2) (Fig. 4)</p><p>Length: 4–4.34 mm; width: 1.32–1.5 mm; height: 1.32 mm (n = 2). Colour: light brown. Head skeleton (Fig. 5). One pair of heavily sclerotized mouth-hooks. A pair of small accessory teeth located behind the mouth-hooks. Labrum, mandibular apodeme, mandibular lobe and tentorial bar heavily sclerotized. Mandibular apodeme and mandibular lobe fused. Tentorial arm not sclerotized. Dorsal cornu almost two thirds of the length of the ventral cornu. PRP: fused and shiny yellowish-brown, with a noticeable transverse ridge. Surface above transverse ridge with wrinkles, surface below smooth. Length above transverse ridge: 0.18–0.28 mm; length below transverse ridge: 0.04–0.07 mm; width at the transverse ridge: 0.30–0.38 mm.</p><p>Third stage larva (L3) (Fig. 6)</p><p>Length: 6.72 mm; width: 2.15 mm; height: 2.02 (n = 1). The 8 th abdominal segment (= anal segment) with two pairs of lappets. Oval in cross-section and flat ventrally, with one pair of poorly developed crochet-less locomotory organs in the mesothorax and in the 1 st and 7 th abdominal segments. Head with well-developed antenno-maxillary organs. Colour: dark brown. ARP: cylindrical, tapering with a fanshaped tip with seven spiracular openings. PRP (Fig. 7): shiny light brown with a slightly noticeable transverse ridge. Length above the transverse ridge: 0.25 mm; length below transverse ridge: 0.13 mm; width at the level of the transverse ridge: 0.32 mm. Surface above the transverse ridge with wrinkles and punctures; surface below the transverse ridge with smooth surface. Spiracular plate (Fig. 7B) with four pairs of long interspiracular setae, one pair of perispiracular glands, four pairs of irregular spiracular openings, and small groove at the center of the spiracular plate. A pair of ecdysial scars located in the middle of the spiracular plate. Chaetotaxy (Fig. 8): all observed sensilla bearing a seta. Prothorax: eight pairs of sensilla. Mesothorax: dorsally with three pairs of sensilla, laterally with three pairs of sensilla, and ventrally with two pairs of sensilla. Metathorax: dorsally with three pairs of sensilla, laterally with three pairs of sensilla, and ventrally with two pairs of sensilla. Abdomen: 1 st to 6 th abdominal segments: dorsally with three pairs, laterally with five pairs and ventrally with three pairs of sensilla. 7 th abdominal segment: dorsally with three pairs, laterally with five pairs and ventrally with three pairs around the anus. The anal segment with nine pairs of sensilla observable.</p><p>Puparium (Fig. 9)</p><p>Length: 5.44–6.44 mm; width: 2.19–2.85 mm; height: 1.98–2.54 mm (n = 4). Colour: light brown. PRP: same as the L 3 larva. Length above the transverse ridge: 0.14–0.15 mm; length below the transverse ridge: 0.32–0.44 mm; width at the level of the transverse ridge: 0.37–0.39 mm. Pupal spiracles (Fig. 10): length: 0.45 mm; width: 0.17 mm; space between the tips of the pupal spiracles: 1.9 mm. Dark-brown colour; cylindrical, tapering with a rounded tip; surface covered with tubercles except at the base. Smooth surface at the base. Tubercles with five to eight opening holes. PRP: same as the L3. Length above the transverse ridge: 0.27 mm; length below the transverse ridge: 0.13 mm. Chaetotaxy: same as the L3.</p><p>Intraspecific variation within Cheilosia vernalis immature stages</p><p>One adult of C. vernalis emerged from a puparium that showed some morphological variation in the colour of the pupal spiracles, exhibiting a light-yellow hue (Fig. 11A), and the surface of the PRP, almost completely smooth and with a constriction (Fig. 11B–C). After a molecular study analysing sequences from Danish immature stages of C. vernalis with the morphology stated in the above description, the Danish puparium with different pupal spiracles and PRP, as well as sequence from adults of C. vernalis from different Spanish localities, we concluded that the puparium with a different morphology belonged to the clade of C. vernalis / C. reniformis (Fig. 12). As the presence of C. reniformis has not been confirmed in Denmark, but C. vernalis is widespread in this country, and given the morphological similarity between these two species, we conclude that the odd puparium belongs to the species C. vernalis too.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/742587BAFFADFF9061BB56F0DA49FE7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orengo-Green, José J.;Ballester-Torres, Iván;Aguado-Aranda, Pablo;Marcos-García, María Ángeles;Carstensen, Leif Bloss;Ricarte, Antonio	Orengo-Green, José J., Ballester-Torres, Iván, Aguado-Aranda, Pablo, Marcos-García, María Ángeles, Carstensen, Leif Bloss, Ricarte, Antonio (2025): Morphology of the immature stages of Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén, 1817) and an updated description of the larva of Cheilosia canicularis (Panzer, 1801) (Diptera: Syrphidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1004: 294-311, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1004.2979, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2979/13419
742587BAFFA0FF9060F553ACDEB1FD41.text	742587BAFFA0FF9060F553ACDEB1FD41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheilosia canicularis (Panzer 1801) CEUA-CIBIO	<div><p>Additions to the description of Cheilosia canicularis (Panzer, 1801) in Rotheray (1990)</p><p>A picture of the L 3 larva (Fig. 13), the puparium (Fig. 14), and the description of the pupal spiracles of C. canicularis are now provided for the first time. Pupal spiracles (Fig. 15). Length: 0.4–0.57 mm; width: 0.20–0.26 mm; space between the tips of the pupal spiracles: 2.33–2.92 mm (n = 2). Yellow/light-orange colour; cylindrical shape. Surface covered with tubercles organized in lines; tubercles with four to seven spiracular openings. In addition, a picture comparing the PRP of C. canicularis and C. himantopa is provided (Fig. 16).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/742587BAFFA0FF9060F553ACDEB1FD41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orengo-Green, José J.;Ballester-Torres, Iván;Aguado-Aranda, Pablo;Marcos-García, María Ángeles;Carstensen, Leif Bloss;Ricarte, Antonio	Orengo-Green, José J., Ballester-Torres, Iván, Aguado-Aranda, Pablo, Marcos-García, María Ángeles, Carstensen, Leif Bloss, Ricarte, Antonio (2025): Morphology of the immature stages of Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén, 1817) and an updated description of the larva of Cheilosia canicularis (Panzer, 1801) (Diptera: Syrphidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1004: 294-311, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1004.2979, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2979/13419
742587BAFFA3FF9260F554EFDA5CF82E.text	742587BAFFA3FF9260F554EFDA5CF82E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheilosia Meigen 1822	<div><p>Taxonomic key to the immature stages of the Cheilosia boring in roots and stems</p><p>A key to all known larvae/puparia of Cheilosia boring in roots and stems with a description is provided to facilitate identification of the species. This key was elaborated by the examination of C. canicularis and C. vernalis together with the descriptions by Smith (1979), Rotheray (1988, 1990, 1991, 1999), Brunel &amp; Cadou (1990), Schmid (1999), Stuke (2000) and Stuke &amp; Carstensen (2000, 2002). It must be considered that Stuke (2000) described C. himantopa as C. canicularis, and vice versa (see Discussion).</p><p>1. PRP with a projection in the middle of the spiracular plate (see Rotheray 1988: fig. 2) .................... ..................................................................................................................... C. albipila Meigen, 1838</p><p>– PRP without projection in the middle of the spiracular plate ........................................................... 2</p><p>2. PRP: spiracular plate with spiny projections in the margin .............................................................. 3</p><p>– PRP: spiracular plate without marginal spiny projections ................................................................ 5</p><p>3. PRP: spiracular plate with four pairs of spiny projections in the margin (see Rotheray 1991: fig. 10) ...................................................................................................... C. albitarsis Meigen, 1822</p><p>– PRP: spiracular plate with three pairs of spiny projections in the margin ........................................ 4</p><p>4. Head skeleton: one large and two small pairs of mouth-hooks ................. C. variabilis Panzer, 1789</p><p>– Head skeleton: three to four pairs of similar size mouth-hooks ................. C. illustrata Harris, 1780</p><p>5. PRP: lateral margins conspicuously raised (see Rotheray 1988: fig. 9) ......... C. grossa Fallén, 1817</p><p>– PRP: lateral margins not conspicuously raised ................................................................................. 6</p><p>6. PRP: spiracular plate with indistinct and variable form of spiracular openings (see Rotheray 1988: fig. 6) .......................................................................................................... C. fraterna Meigen, 1830</p><p>– PRP: spiracular plate with three or more spiracular openings .......................................................... 7</p><p>7. PRP: spiracular plate with three spiracular openings ....................................................................... 8</p><p>– PRP: spiracular plate with four or more spiracular openings ..........................................................11</p><p>8. PRP: spiracular plate with curved serrated spiracular openings .................. C. impressa Loew, 1840</p><p>– PRP: spiracular plate with curved non-serrated spiracular openings ............................................... 9</p><p>9. Head skeleton: with three pairs of mouth-hooks ................................. C. pubera (Zetterstedt, 1838)</p><p>– Head skeleton: with four pairs of mouth-hooks ............................................................................. 10</p><p>10. Head skeleton: small pair on the inner margin of the first large hook (not visible laterally) .............. ..................................................................................................................... C. antiqua Meigen, 1822</p><p>– Head skeleton: all pairs of mouth-hooks on the same margin ........... C. latifrons (Zetterstedt, 1843)</p><p>11. PRP: spiracular plate with curved serrated spiracular openings ....... C. bergenstammi Becker, 1894</p><p>– PRP: spiracular plate without serrated spiracular openings ........................................................... 12</p><p>12. Head skeleton: with only one pair of mouth-hooks ........................... C. proxima (Zetterstedt, 1843)</p><p>– Head skeleton: with three or four pairs of mouth-hooks ................................................................ 13</p><p>13. Head skeleton: four pairs of mouth-hooks ...................................................................................... 14</p><p>– Head skeleton: three pairs of mouth-hooks .................................................................................... 16</p><p>14. PRP: all surface wrinkled ........................................................................... C. lasiopa Kowarz, 1885</p><p>– PRP: surface with some smooth parts ............................................................................................ 15</p><p>15. PRP: wrinkled surface at the base, then smooth apically (see Brunel &amp; Cadou 1990: fig. 2e) ........... ..................................................................................................................... C. vulpina Meigen, 1822</p><p>– PRP: smooth surface at the base, then wrinkled at the rest ....................... C. vernalis (Fallén, 1817)</p><p>16. PRP dorsal view: tapering from the base to the tip ............................... C. himantopa (Panzer, 1798)</p><p>– PRP dorsal view: rectangular form………………………………….… C. canicularis (Panzer, 1801)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/742587BAFFA3FF9260F554EFDA5CF82E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orengo-Green, José J.;Ballester-Torres, Iván;Aguado-Aranda, Pablo;Marcos-García, María Ángeles;Carstensen, Leif Bloss;Ricarte, Antonio	Orengo-Green, José J., Ballester-Torres, Iván, Aguado-Aranda, Pablo, Marcos-García, María Ángeles, Carstensen, Leif Bloss, Ricarte, Antonio (2025): Morphology of the immature stages of Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén, 1817) and an updated description of the larva of Cheilosia canicularis (Panzer, 1801) (Diptera: Syrphidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1004: 294-311, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1004.2979, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2979/13419
