identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
095F7E0C6B705DEC8E9EF734D112E162.text	095F7E0C6B705DEC8E9EF734D112E162.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypselostoma pongrati Tanmuangpak & S. Tumpeesuwan 2025	<div><p>Hypselostoma pongrati Tanmuangpak &amp; S. Tumpeesuwan sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 A, B, 3 A – I, 5 A – E, 6 A, B; Table 2</p><p>Hypselostoma sp. – Tanmuangpak &amp; Kaewsawang, 2025: 20, 23, 25, 27, 29–31, fig. 2 q.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Thailand • 1 empty shell; Nong Bua Lamphu Province, Sri Bun Rueang District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.03417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.167227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.03417/lat 17.167227)">Pha Sam Yod limestone hill</a> (17°10'02.020"N, 102°02'03.020"E) covered by mixed-deciduous forest; 20.xi.2021, leg. Tanmuangpak, K. (NHLRU 014) (Fig. 3 A – E) . Paratypes: Thailand • 12 specimens preserved in 70 % ethanol (NHLRU 015–026); • five shells (NHLRU 027–031); • three specimens preserved in 70 % ethanol (NHMSU –00063–B); • two shells (NHMSU –00063). All paratypes collected from the same location as holotype, leg. Tanmuangpak, K. 10.xii.2021 .</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Holotype: SH = 4.48 mm, SW = 3.34 mm, AH = 1.95 mm, AW = 1.92 mm. Paratypes (19 specimens measured): SH = 4.48–6.02 mm (5.58 ± 0.42 mm), SW = 3.07–4.12 mm (3.72 ± 0.36 mm), AH = 1.95–2.64 mm (2.24 ± 0.20 mm), AW = 1.68–2.42 mm (1.99 ± 0.16 mm) (Fig. 7).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species has a prominent keel on the upper part of the last whorl and a weaker keel on the lower part. Apertural barriers absent (Fig. 3 A, G, H, L). Terminal part of the last whorl is adnated to penultimate whorl.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Fig. 3 A – I) concave-conical, high spired, with 4 ¾ whorls. Large size for the genus, with shell height 4.48–6.02 mm, shell width 3.07–4.12 mm. The suture is deep. Protoconch smooth, with 1–1 ½ whorls that gradually increase in size to the teleoconch whorls. Teleoconch with 3–3 ¾ whorls, very fine spiral striation the body whorl widest, possesses two keels (upper one more prominent than the lower one). Apertural barriers absent. Peristome thickened and expanded. The parietal and convex angulo-palatal embayments form a sinulus, thickened, and expanded. The basal peristome is smooth and expanded, columellar side is more expand than the angulo-palatal side.</p><p>Genital system (Fig. 6 A, B). Atrium shorter than the vagina. Penis shorter than the epiphallus, its anterior portion is a short and bulged tube, and the distal end of the penis bulge. Epiphallus connects to the distal end of the penis, shorter than vas deferens, anterior portion slender and cylindrical, its central portion more slender than the anterior portion, posterior portion curved, white glossy. Penial retractor muscle absent. Vas deferens long, slender, entering the epiphallus apically. The vagina and free oviduct are cylindrical, and the vagina is shorter than the free oviduct. The gametolytic sac is a long tube, with a swollen proximal part, and larger than penis, surrounded by a thin sheath and connected to the proximal part of the vagina, whose distal end is long, slender, and curved. Uterus large, with very thin prostate gland attached to it. Hermaphroditic duct loosely convoluted. The albumen gland large and yellowish. Dart apparatus absent.</p><p>Radula (n = 4) (Fig. 5 A – E). Radula comprises 173–184 (179 ± 4.93) transverse rows of teeth each row containing 25–27 teeth. Radula formula (7-8) + 5 + 1 + 5 + (7-8). Central tooth small, unicuspid, elongated triangular. Lateral teeth bicuspid and asymmetrical, consisting of a large lanceolate endocone and smaller elongated triangular ectocone. Five lateral teeth on each side of the central tooth, the first tooth largest, and gradually smaller outwards. Marginal teeth start at 6 th tooth outwards from central teeth, which almost changed to tricuspids. On each outer side of the lateral teeth there are seven or eight marginal teeth.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This new species is dedicated to the late Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana, our highly respected senior who was an expert on microsnails and who provided us with many land snails references, knowledge, and inspiration.</p><p>Animal and ecology.</p><p>Living animals have a cream-colored body and foot, while their head and tentacles are rather black, with black eyes located at the tip of the ocular tentacle. This species was found on the limestone wall in the mixed-deciduous forest (Fig. 2 A, B).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species was found only on limestone wall in Pha Sam Yod, Si Bun Rueang District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Hypselostoma pongrati sp. nov. from Si Bun Rueng District, Nong Bua Lam Phu Province, is quite different in shell shape from almost all other Hypselostoma species in Thailand. It is similar in shell shape to the geographically close H. phupaman from Chaiyaphum Province and H. sichomphuense sp. nov. from Si Chomphu, Khon Kaen Province. The unique characteristics of H. pongrati sp. nov. are the lack of apertural barriers and the last whorl adnate to the penultimate whorl, peristome thick, expanded and not reflected. It is strongly expanded at the parietal side where it leans against penultimate whorl and forms a thick crescent callus. Three species possess a double-keeled last whorl, but the lower keel is weak in both H. pongrati sp. nov. and H. sichomphuense sp. nov. Other similar species are H. torta from Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand and H. platybasis from Steung Treng Province, Cambodia (Gojšina et al. 2025). In H. torta and H. pongrati sp. nov. all teleoconch whorls are shouldered, but in H. torta the last whorl is detached from the penultimate whorl. There are four weak apertural barriers. The columellar barriers form as a rather strong swelled part of the aperture which forms a prominent basal furrow below it. Hypselostoma platybasis differs from H. pongrati sp. nov. by possesses bluntly keeled penultimate at the center of the periphery and shouldered last whorl. Last whorl very slightly detached from the penultimate whorl and with a sharp shoulder. Apertural barriers few and relatively weak. In H. pongrati sp. nov. there is no penial retractor muscle, and the free oviduct is longer than the anterior portion of the gametolytic sac. Conversely, in H. sichomphuense sp. nov. there is a penial retractor muscle, and the free oviduct is shorter than the anterior portion of the gametolytic sac.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/095F7E0C6B705DEC8E9EF734D112E162	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tanmuangpak, Kitti;Nahok, Benchawan;Chanlabut, Utain;Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tanmuangpak, Kitti, Nahok, Benchawan, Chanlabut, Utain, Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2025): Two new species of terrestrial microsnails of the genus Hypselostoma W. H. Benson, 1856 (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) from northeastern Thailand. ZooKeys 1265: 49-67, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1265.160661
2F106A505E7D525E8B8B6631EFACD4B5.text	2F106A505E7D525E8B8B6631EFACD4B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypselostoma sichomphuense Tanmuangpak & S. Tumpeesuwan 2025	<div><p>Hypselostoma sichomphuense Tanmuangpak &amp; S. Tumpeesuwan sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 C, D, 4 A – I, 5 F – L, 6 C, D; Table 2</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: Thailand • 1 empty shell Khon Kaen Province, Si Chomphu District, limestone wall in mixed-deciduous forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.06639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.839445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.06639/lat 16.839445)">Phu Pha Kham</a> (16°50'22.001"N, 102°03'59.001"E), 21.xi.2021, leg. Tanmuangpak, K. (NHLRU 032) (Fig. 3 G – K) . Paratypes: Thailand • 12 specimens preserved in 70 % ethanol (NHLRU 033–044) (Fig. 2 C, D); • two shells (NHLRU 045–046); • four specimens preserved in 70 % ethanol (NHMSU –00064-B); • one shell (NHMSU –00064). All paratypes collected from the same location as holotype, leg. Tanmuangpak, K. 11.xii.2021 .</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Holotype: SH = 4.20 mm, SW = 4.02 mm, AH = 2.14 mm, AW = 2.24 mm. Paratypes: (19 specimens measured). SH = 3.82–4.29 mm (4.03 ± 0.11 mm), SW = 3.12–4.12 mm (3.88 ± 0.25 mm), AH = 1.84–2.27 mm (2.02 ± 0.12 mm), AW = 1.67–2.24 mm (2.01 ± 0.13 mm) (Fig. 7).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species differs from Hypselostoma phupaman by the presence of a non-prominent lower keel on the last whorl and the absence of basal and parietal apertural barriers. Aperture has three smooth tooth-like swellings (Fig. 4 A, G – I), whereas there are no apertural barriers in H. pongrati sp. nov. (Fig. 3 A, G – I). Spire shorter than the spire of H. pongrati sp. nov.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shell (Fig. 4 A – I) concave-conical, wide-spired, with 4 ½ whorls. Large size for the genus, with shell height 3.82–4.29 mm, shell width 3.12–4.12 mm. The suture is deep. Protoconch pitted, without spiral pattern, with one whorl gradually increasing in size to the teleoconch whorls. The teleoconch has 3 ½ whorls, a very fine spiral surface, with growth lines. The body whorl widest, double keeled (prominent upper and weak lower keel). The peristome is thickened and expanded. Aperture has three smooth, tooth-like swellings, viz. an upper palatal plica, a columellar fold, and a infraparietal plica.</p><p>Genital system (Fig. 6 C, D). Atrium is shorter than the vagina. Penis is longer than the epiphallus, its anterior portion is a short and gradually bulged tube, and the distal end of its posterior portion is bulged as well. Epiphallus is connected to the distal end of the penis. Epiphallus shorter than vas deferens, its anterior portion slender and cylindrical, its central portion gradually bulges, and its posterior portion is a slender tube, white and glossy. Epiphallic caecum is a short tube, attached to the anterior portion of epiphallus. The penial retractor muscle is shorter than the epiphallus, attached to the distal end of the penis. Vas deferens long, slender, entering epiphallus apically. The vagina and free oviduct are cylindrical, and the vagina is shorter than the free oviduct. The gametolytic sac is a long tube, its bulging anterior portion is surrounded by a thin sheath and connected to vagina, the distal end is a long slender and curved tube. The uterus is large, with a very thin prostate gland attached to it. The hermaphroditic duct is loosely convoluted. The albumen gland is yellowish and large. Dart apparatus absent.</p><p>Radula (n = 3) (Fig. 5 F – L). Radula comprises of 154–165 (159 ± 5.56) rows of teeth, each row with 33–35 teeth. Radula formula: (9–10) + 7 + 1 + 7 + (9–10). Central tooth small, unicuspid, and triangular. Lateral teeth bicuspid and asymmetrical, consisting of a large endocone and a smaller ectocone. Seven lateral teeth on each side of the central tooth; the first tooth is largest, and the other teeth are sequentially smaller. Marginal teeth are irregular, unequally tricuspid, with an endocone larger than the ectocone and gradually change to polycuspid outwards (Fig. 5 I – L). There are nine or ten marginal teeth on each outer side of the lateral teeth (Fig. 5 F – L).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet sichomphuense refers to Si Chomphu District, Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand, where this species was discovered.</p><p>Animal and ecology.</p><p>Living animals have cream-colored bodies, with pale brown head and tentacles and black eyes at the tip of the ocular tentacle. This species was found on the limestone wall covered by mixed-deciduous forest (Fig. 2 C, D).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Limestone wall at Phu Kham, Si Chomphu District, Khon Kaen Province.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Hypselostoma sichomphuense sp. nov. is quite different in shell shape from all other Hypselostoma species in Thailand, except for the geographically close H. pongrati sp. nov. The unique characteristics of H. sichomphuense sp. nov. are the three tooth-like swellings in the aperture and the last whorl adnate to the penultimate whorl.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F106A505E7D525E8B8B6631EFACD4B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tanmuangpak, Kitti;Nahok, Benchawan;Chanlabut, Utain;Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tanmuangpak, Kitti, Nahok, Benchawan, Chanlabut, Utain, Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2025): Two new species of terrestrial microsnails of the genus Hypselostoma W. H. Benson, 1856 (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) from northeastern Thailand. ZooKeys 1265: 49-67, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1265.160661
86B5930D29B45365B27AC01885FAD0ED.text	86B5930D29B45365B27AC01885FAD0ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypselostoma W. H. Benson 1856	<div><p>Genus Hypselostoma W. H. Benson, 1856</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell tiny, turbinate, high-spired, or discoidal. Peristome adnate or separated from the adjacent body whorl forming a tuba; edge of peristome expanded. Aperture with four or more parietal and angular apertural lamellae or plicae (barriers), except in Hypselostoma edentatum (Panha &amp; J. B. Burch, 2002 d) and H. pongrati sp. nov. which have no apertural barriers and H. sichomphuense sp. nov. which has only three barriers (Panha and Burch 2008; Gojšina et al. 2025). The genitalia of Hypselostoma possess a penis that is more swollen than the epiphallus; gametolytic sac connects to vagina very close to atrium, divided into two parts, with the proximal part swollen and larger than the penis (except in H. cultura (Tanmuangpak &amp; Dumrongrojwattana, 2022), in which the gametolytic sac has a long duct between proximal and distal part, while there is no swollen proximal part in H. depressispira (Berry, 1963)) . These anatomical characters differ from the genus Aulacospira Möllendorff, 1890, whose gametolytic sac connects to the vagina far from the atrium (Dumrongrojwattana and Tanmuangpak 2020)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/86B5930D29B45365B27AC01885FAD0ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tanmuangpak, Kitti;Nahok, Benchawan;Chanlabut, Utain;Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tanmuangpak, Kitti, Nahok, Benchawan, Chanlabut, Utain, Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2025): Two new species of terrestrial microsnails of the genus Hypselostoma W. H. Benson, 1856 (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) from northeastern Thailand. ZooKeys 1265: 49-67, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1265.160661
