identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7E2C87B7FFD3D934FFA53CCCCEC43457.text	7E2C87B7FFD3D934FFA53CCCCEC43457.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichosanthes dunniana subsp. clarkei K. Pradheep 2021	<div><p>Trichosanthes dunniana H.Lév. subsp. clarkei K.Pradheep, subsp. nov. — Fig. 1; Map 1</p><p>Similar to T.dunniana H.Lév.subsp. dunniana, but differs in greenish colour of bracts and calyces (vs red in subsp. dunniana), longer pedicels of staminate flowers (4–7 mm vs c. 2 mm in subsp. dunniana), shorter calyx lobes (5–6 mm vs c. 9 mm in subsp. dunniana), white staminate and pistillate flowers (vs reddish in subsp. dunniana). — Type: K. Pradheep 2741 (holo CAL; iso DD, NHCP), India, Sikkim, East Sikkim District, Radong, near Ranipool, N27.27 E88.58, alt. 750 m, fl. 12 Aug. 2018 (♂ fl).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet ‘clarkei’ is in honour of C.B. Clarke, who contributed immensely to the understanding of Indian cucurbits.</p><p>Medium-sized perennial dioecious climber, to 10 m long. Stems slender, purplish, sulcate-striate, glabrous; probract subentire, broadly ovate, 2–4 by 3–4 mm, punctate; cystoliths obvious; tendrils 2-fid, pinkish tinged. Leaves: petiole 4–5 cm long; lamina ovate-orbicular in outline, 5(–7), deeply lobed to 4/5th, 8–15 by 7–12 cm, glabrous, membranous, scabrous, base cordate, central lobe ± elliptic, narrowed at base, margin subentire to remotely serrate, apex acuminate, upper surface dark green, lower whitish, main nerves (3–)5 radiating from petiole, glands 2–5, large, along the main nerves, 1–1.5 mm diam. Staminate racemes 12–18 cm long, shorter than or equal to corresponding leaves, 5–8-flowered, peduncle 5–6 cm long, glabrescent; bracts persistent, ovate or obovate, 20–25 by c. 20 mm, green, cucullate, glands many, dark green, c. 1 mm diam, margin serrate-lacerate. Staminate flowers: pedicel 4–7 mm long; calyx tube 1.8–2.3 cm long, widening from half-way to throat, there c. 8 mm wide, lobes ovate-triangular, 5–6 by c. 2 mm, green, often purple tinged, margin entire; corolla lobes clavate, c. 10 by 10 mm, white, frills 1.2–2 cm long. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1–1.5 cm long; ovary ovate, more often grooved longitudinally, stigma 3-lobed, conspicuous. Fruits ovoid, 5–8.5 by 4–6.5 cm, pericarp 5–10 mm thick, orange-red, pulp greenish black. Seeds brownish, tumid, 50–65, slightly compressed, ovoid-ellipsoid, 10–12 by 5–7 by 3–5 mm, rounded at ends.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to North-eastern India (Sikkim, northern West Bengal).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Common in Sikkim, at 300–1500 m altitude. Staminate plants are dominating in natural populations with an approximate sex ratio of 10–15: 1. Flowering: July to September; fruiting: October, November.</p><p>Additional specimens. INDIA, Sikkim, Sikkim Terai, between Goreedora and Kuprail, 30 Apr. 1868, S . Kurz s.n. (CAL181081); 4500 ft, 17 June 1874, G . King 912 (P06393537); East Sikkim District, Tadung, 3000 ft, 19 Sept. 1968, C . Majumdar 532 (CAL); East Sikkim District, Martham Thanka, 1363 m, 17 Oct.2012, K . Pradheep &amp; P. K . Singh 2713 (NHCP); East Sikkim District, Radong, near Ranipool, 750 m, 12 Aug. 2018, K . Pradheep 2742 (NHCP); East Sikkim District, Kokaley, 14 Aug. 2018, K . Pradheep 2743 (NHCP); South Sikkim District, Temi, 1479 m, 18 Oct. 2012, K . Pradheep &amp; P. K . Singh 2716 (NHCP); West Sikkim District, Middle Geyzing, 1070 m, 19 Oct. 2012 (living collection IC597012 at NBPGR), K . Pradheep &amp; P. K . Singh 2717 (NHCP) .– West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Punkabari, 5000 ft, 4 Sept. 1870, C. B . Clarke 13329 (CAL); Darjeeling District, Rungbee, 5000 ft, 23 July 1870, C. B . Clarke 12233 (CAL); Darjeeling District, 12th mile to Kalimpong from Bagdogra, 1238 m, 12 Oct.2012 (living collection IC614479 at NBPGR), K . Pradheep &amp; P. K . Singh 2715 (NHCP); Darjeeling District, Lohapool, 11 Oct. 2012, K . Pradheep &amp; P. K . Singh 2718 (NHCP); Darjeeling District, near Kalimpong, 11 Oct. 2012, K . Pradheep &amp; P. K . Singh 2719 (NHCP) .</p><p>Note — The differences between the two subspecies of T. dunniana have been summarised in Table 1. Earlier collections of this taxon were invariably misidentified as either T. bracteata (Lam.) Voigt or T. wallichiana (Ser.) Wight. Prominence of the stigmatic lobes, bifid tendrils, claw-like corolla lobes, long pedicels of staminate flowers, and longitudinally-grooved ovaries are some field identification characters for this new taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2C87B7FFD3D934FFA53CCCCEC43457	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pradheep, K.;John, K. Joseph;Singh, P. K.;Rathi, R. S.;Pandey, A.	Pradheep, K., John, K. Joseph, Singh, P. K., Rathi, R. S., Pandey, A. (2021): A new subspecies and new records of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) for India, and notes on T. khasiana. Blumea 65 (3): 233-243, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08
7E2C87B7FFD6D932FFA53E24CF833D41.text	7E2C87B7FFD6D932FFA53E24CF833D41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichosanthes dunniana subsp. dunniana	<div><p>1. Trichosanthes dunniana H.Lév. subsp. dunniana — Fig. 2a, b; Map 1</p><p>Trichosanthes dunniana H.Lév. (1911) 148; S.K. Chen (1995) 358; Duyfjes &amp; Pruesapan (2004) 85; W.J. de Wilde &amp; Duyfjes (2008) 518; Lu Q.Huang &amp; C.Jeffrey (2011) 42. — Type: J. Esquirol 726 (holo E; iso K), China, Guizhou, Tchen-Fong, 18 July 1905.</p><p>Trichosanthes prazeri Kundu (1943) 378. — Type: J.C. Prazer s.n. (holo CAL0000015110), Upper Myanmar, Khoni, May 1888.</p><p>Medium-sized dioecious climber. Stems sulcate-striate,glabrous; probract subentire, broadly ovate, 2–4 by 3–4 mm, punctate; cystoliths obvious; tendrils 2- or 3-fid. Leaves: petiole 4–5 cm long; lamina ovate-orbicular in outline, 5(–7)-deeply lobed, 8–15 by 7–12 cm, glabrous, membranous, scabrous, base cordate, central lobe elliptic-obovate, narrowed at base, margin coarsely serrate-dentate, apex cuspidate-acuminate, glands 2–5, large, close to the nerve axils towards the blade base, 1–1.5 mm diam. Staminate racemes small, about 10-flowered, glabrescent; bracts persistent, obovate, 20–25 by c. 20 mm, glands few, c. 1 mm diam, margin serrate-laciniate. Staminate and pistillate flowers not seen. Fruits: pedicel 1–2 cm long; ovoid-ellipsoid, 5–9 by 4–7 cm, pericarp 5–10 mm thick, orange-red, pulp greenish black. Seeds brownish, slightly compressed, ovoid-ellipsoid, 10–12 by 5–7 by 3–5 mm, rounded at lateral sides.</p><p>Distribution — India (Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland), China, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Rocky places, forest openings, along roadsides, thickets and stream banks at 600–1700 m altitude. Flowering: July to September; fruiting: October, November.</p><p>Note — Jeffrey (1982) synonymised an altogether different species T. majuscula (C.B.Clarke) Kundu (described from Khasi Hills of Meghalaya), under this species, therefore reported its occurrence from India. However, T. majuscula is easily distinguished from T. dunniana by the 3–5-lobed larger leaves (15–20 by 15–20 cm) with lobes measuring not more than 2/3rd depth towards base, ovate-elongate fruits and compressed flat seeds which are belted at the middle. Earlier collections of T. dunniana from India were invariably misidentified as either T. bracteata or T. wallichiana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2C87B7FFD6D932FFA53E24CF833D41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pradheep, K.;John, K. Joseph;Singh, P. K.;Rathi, R. S.;Pandey, A.	Pradheep, K., John, K. Joseph, Singh, P. K., Rathi, R. S., Pandey, A. (2021): A new subspecies and new records of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) for India, and notes on T. khasiana. Blumea 65 (3): 233-243, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08
7E2C87B7FFD6D931FCEA3E73C8933F8B.text	7E2C87B7FFD6D931FCEA3E73C8933F8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.	<div><p>2. Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. — Fig. 3f–h; Map 2</p><p>Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.(1790) 723; Duyfjes &amp; Pruesapan (2004) 98; W.J. de Wilde &amp; Duyfjes (2008) 535; (2010) 308; Lu Q.Huang &amp; C.Jeffrey (2011) 43. — Neotype (designated by Keraudren-Aymonin 1975): J. &amp; M.S. Clemens 3267 (neo P; isoneo BM), Vietnam, Quang Nam, Da Nang, May–July 1927.</p><p>Dioecious perennial climber, 5–15 m long. Stems glabrescent at early stage, 2–4 mm diam; young shoots reddish or green, striate; probracts (broadly) obovate, 5–7 by 3–5 mm, margin entire, with green glands; tendrils 2- or 3-branched. Leaves: petiole 4–6 cm long; blade broadly ovate or orbicular in outline, 7–10 by 5.5–9.5 cm, usually 3-cusped, cusps divaricate/ divergent, membranous, (sub)glabrous adaxially, glabrous abaxially, the central cusp ± triangular, to 7 cm long, the apex of all cusps acuminate(-caudate), the margin (sub)entire or wavy with small dentations, glands few, very small. Staminate inflorescence 8–12(–15) cm long, peduncle 4–6 cm long, c. 2 mm thick; rachis with 5–10 flowers; bracts obovate-elliptic, 2–3.2 by 1.5–2 cm, with conspicuous glands, obscurely dentate, 3–5 mm deep. Staminate and pistillate flowers not seen. Fruits ± ovoid, 5–5.5 by c. 4 cm; pedicel 1–2 cm long; exocarp bright red, smooth; mesocarp yellow, 8–9 mm thick; pulp greenish black. Seeds dark brown, compressed, obovate-elliptic or oblong, c. 8 by 4.5–5 by c. 2 mm, often with inconspicuous longitudinal midline, edge almost rounded, entire.</p><p>Distribution — Bangladesh, China, India (Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, West Malesia.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Roadside thickets, along forest openings; over rocks; at 0–350 m altitude. Flowering: May to September; fruiting: October to January.</p><p>Notes — 1. Most of the Indian literature from 1980s onwards follows Jeffrey (1980), who treated T. bracteata as synonym of T. tricuspidata, therefore the name T. tricuspidata was invariably used in place of T. bracteata . On the other hand, we consider them as distinct species in accordance with King (1898: 29), Rugayah &amp; De Wilde (1997) and Pandey et al. (2016). However, we disagree with Pandey et al. (2016), who stated that India (incl. Andaman &amp; Nicobar islands) has only T. bracteata, while T. tricuspidata occurs in Indochina and Malesia. Our study revealed that T. tricuspidata occurs in the Andaman &amp; Nicobar islands. Renner &amp; Pandey (2013) mentioned a doubtful distribution status of this species for West Bengal, based on T. tricuspidata var. strigosa Sunit Mitra &amp; S.Bandyop. While the holotype of the latter (S. Bandyopadhyay 2904) was untraceable at CAL, its reported distribution as ‘throughout India’ revealed that this taxon corresponds to T. bracteata only.</p><p>2. The distinguishing features between T. bracteata and T. tricuspidata are given in Table 2. Pandey et al. (2016) distinguished T. bracteata from T. tricuspidata by using six characters. The characters, margin of pistillate calyx lobes with side lobes, (often) ellipsoid-shaped fruits, fruits with 10-longitudinal paler streaks and marginate seeds mentioned for T. bracteata are found to be untenable in our study. Ellipsoid fruits and streaks over the fruits were never met with T. bracteata, which is always (sub)globose, while converse of other characters are also found in the highly variable T. bracteata .</p><p>3. At juvenile stage, T. tricuspidata usually possesses 5–7- deeply lobed leaves, later on, gradually 3-lobed towards mature stage of plant growth.</p><p>4. After observing parallel variation in the contemporary poly- morphic species T. bracteata, we refrain from further classifying the variability within T. tricuspidata; as the two subsp. ( subsp. tricuspidata and subsp. rotundata W.J.de Wilde &amp; Duyfjes) have overlapping distribution patterns and no good characters to distinguish them. Nevertheless, our collections match more towards subsp. rotundata owing to the round-edged seeds.</p><p>3. Trichosanthes wallichiana (Ser.) Wight subsp. subrosea (C.Y.Cheng &amp; C.H.Yueh) K.Pradheep &amp; K.J.John, comb. nov. — Fig. 3a–e; Map 3</p><p>Trichosanthes subrosea C.Y.Cheng &amp; C.H.Yueh in C.H. Yueh &amp; C.Y. Cheng (1980) 349. — Type: T.T. Yu 19429 (holo PE; iso A,E, PE), China, Yunnan, Kiukiang Valley, Chiengen, 1700 m, 26 July 1938</p><p>Trichosanthes grandibracteata Kurz (1877) 98, 99. — Type: not indicated, untraceable. See note 2.</p><p>Trichosanthes tridentata C.Y.Cheng &amp; C.H.Yueh in C.H.Yueh &amp; C.Y.Cheng (1980) 349, syn. nov. — Type: C.Y. Cheng 73-04 (holo Paking Med. Col. conserv.; iso: K), China, Yunnan, Luxi Xian .</p><p>Trichosanthes wallichiana auct.non (Ser.) Wight:Grierson &amp; D.G.Long (1991) 266; S.K. Chen (1995) 357; Lu Q.Huang &amp; C.Jeffrey (2011) 41.</p><p>Medium, perennial, dioecious climber. Stems glabrous, sulcate-striate, 4-angled; shoot pinkish or green with a ring of pink hispid hairs around the node; probract caducous, rarely absent, broad lanceolate or spathulate, 2–3 cm long, margin pinkish bordered, laxly serrate, venation reticulate; tendrils 3-fid. Leaves: petiole 6–10 cm long, striate, often with short white or pink hispid hairs; blade cordate or suborbicular in outline, 15–20 cm long, thinly papery, 5–7-lobed to 4/5th, each lobe irregularly partite or sinuate; central lobe subrhombic or elliptic, to 18 cm long, abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, both surfaces hispidose, margin dentate; glands small, mostly in leaf base. Staminate inflorescences occasionally in pairs, one early, single flowered, and the other bearing a raceme; raceme (20–)25–35(–38) cm long, striate, 4-angled, 10–15-flowered, peduncle 15–25 cm long, flower bud pinkish, clasped by calyx lobes, flowers fra- grant; bract obovate, 2.5–3 cm long, pale green, cucullate, glabrous, apex obtuse, basal half subentire, distal half irregularly lacerate, glands few. Staminate flowers: calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, (1.2–)1.5–2 by c. 0.5 cm, entire; calyx tube 7–8 cm long, striate, widens at 2/3rd towards the throat, hairs short, pink, glandular; corolla inner core yellowish, velvety; corolla lobes c. 2 by 1.5 cm, apex truncate, deep pink outside and pale pink inside or rarely snow-white, frills up to 4 cm long, thread-like, branching; stamens short of corolla rim, connate, c. 1 cm long, filament c. 0.5 cm long. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 1.5–2 cm long, often covered with pink glandular hairs; calyx tube c. 4 by 0.2–0.3 cm, gradually widening towards the throat, calyx and corolla as in staminate flower; ovary ovate-clavate, 1–1.2 by 0.35–0.4 cm, pink glandular hairy; style c. 2.5 cm long, stigma 3-lobed. Fruits: pedicel stout, 2–3(–4.5) cm long; exocarp orange-red, subglobose, rarely base slightly rostrate, 6–8.5 by 5.5–7.5 cm; pulp greenish black. Seeds greenish brown, 4-angled, 11–15 by 7–10 by 2.4–3 mm, lateral sides angular, prominently tridentate at the distal end.</p><p>Distribution — China (Xizang, Yunnan,? Guangxi), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Manipur), Bhutan, Myanmar.</p><p>Habitat — Common amidst grasses on roadsides, bamboo forests and thickets at 900–1700 m altitude. Flowering: July, August; fruiting: September to November.</p><p>Notes — 1. The two subspecies of T. wallichiana differ mainly in seed characters, which have been summarised in Table 3. The importance of seed characters in distinguishing taxa in Trichosanthes is also stressed by Rugayah (1999) and Duyfjes &amp; Pruesapan (2004). Since the type locality of T. wallichiana is from Nepal, collections from Nepal and adjoining Sikkim, Darjeeling and Kalimpong areas (of India), all exhibiting a distinct seed morphology, form the typical subspecies. While other areas, engrossing vast areas of northeast India, Myanmar, Bhutan and southwest China represent subsp. subrosea . Earlier reports of T. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana occurring in areas of India other than the northeast (Chakravarty 1959, 1982, Renner &amp; Pandey 2013), are based on misidentification of the variable T. bracteata .</p><p>2. In the protologue of T. grandibracteata (Kurz 1877: 98, 99), Kurz did not cite any specific specimen or gathering but only the locality: “Ava, along the Irrawadi northwards from Mandalay; also Khakyen-hills east of Bhamo”. As there are no Trichosanthes collections from these areas, either collected by Kurz or earlier botanists, available in any of the herbaria, the name is difficult to interpret. Huang &amp; Jeffrey (2011) synonymised T. tridentata with T. rubriflos Thorel ex Cayla. However, the isotype of T. tridentata (at K) has greenish brown angular seeds with 3 dents at the distal end, and these characters are typical of subsp. subrosea .</p><p>3. In Myanmar, T. wallichiana subsp. subrosea was collected from Seinghku Valley by F. Kingdon-Ward (http://bioportal. naturalis.nl/multimedia/L.4288886_0379698312/term=trichos anthes +subrosea &amp;from=0 last accessed 08 December 2019), which adjoins the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Presence of this taxon in Bhutan is established by the herbarium specimen housed at CAL (CAL0000060567) and on the au- thority of Grierson &amp; Long (1991), who described the seeds of T. wallichiana as ‘squarish, 15–17 mm, 7 mm thick’. In the absence of any obvious dissimilarity in mountain landscapes between Sikkim and Bhutan, occurrence of subsp. wallichiana further in the western part of Bhutan and the midway areas of Tibet (China) is in expected lines. Charles Jeffrey annotated the specimen GH00031967 (https://s3.amazonaws.com/ huhwebimages/7DAD1626178C4C0/type/full/31967.jpg last accessed 09 September 2019) as an isotype of T. khasiana; however, its deeply lobed leaves with sinuate margin, staminate inflorescence with very long peduncle, flowers crowding at the top, and obovate bracts with subentire basal part at once identify it as subsp. subrosea . Pistillate flower characters of this taxon have been described for the first time.</p><p>4. Some of the field characters include the medium-sized (not robust) climbing nature, presence of a ring of pink hairs surrounding the nodes, staminate flowers and bracts congested at the top of the inflorescences, green-yellow bracts that never open wide, and the plant drying up very quickly at the time of cessation of fruiting.The tridentate nature of the seeds becomes increasingly strong towards the east longitude.</p><p>5. Jeffrey (1980) mentioned the fruits as ellipsoid, however, they are actually (sub)globose, sometimes with a slightly rostrate end. In the Flora of China, Huang &amp; Jeffrey (2011) wrongly reported the flower colour of T. wallichiana as white, whereas it is actually pink.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2C87B7FFD6D931FCEA3E73C8933F8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pradheep, K.;John, K. Joseph;Singh, P. K.;Rathi, R. S.;Pandey, A.	Pradheep, K., John, K. Joseph, Singh, P. K., Rathi, R. S., Pandey, A. (2021): A new subspecies and new records of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) for India, and notes on T. khasiana. Blumea 65 (3): 233-243, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08
7E2C87B7FFD5D93EFCEB3CA6C9423A10.text	7E2C87B7FFD5D93EFCEB3CA6C9423A10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichosanthes khasiana	<div><p>NOTE ON TRICHOSANTHES KHASIANA</p><p>Renner &amp; Pandey (2013) placed T. khasiana Kundu as an accepted species based on Jeffrey (1982) and De Boer &amp; Thulin (2012) and cited its type as a staminate specimen (http://www. kew.org/herbcatimg/505009.jpg) without attributing a reason. In fact, there are two syntypes, a staminate (J.D. Hooker &amp; T. Thomson s.n.) and a pistillate specimen (J.D. Hooker &amp; T. Thomson 617) housed at K (annotated by Kundu), which represent two different taxa. The type that most closely matches the original description or diagnosis is the pistillate one (Fig. 4), hence the name T. khasiana is lectotypified here (ICN Art. 9.3 and 9.14, Turland et al. 2018). The staminate specimen is a yet-to-be described taxon of Trichosanthes .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2C87B7FFD5D93EFCEB3CA6C9423A10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pradheep, K.;John, K. Joseph;Singh, P. K.;Rathi, R. S.;Pandey, A.	Pradheep, K., John, K. Joseph, Singh, P. K., Rathi, R. S., Pandey, A. (2021): A new subspecies and new records of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) for India, and notes on T. khasiana. Blumea 65 (3): 233-243, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08
7E2C87B7FFDAD93FFFA53936C9E43B13.text	7E2C87B7FFDAD93FFFA53936C9E43B13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichosanthes khasiana Kundu	<div><p>Trichosanthes khasiana Kundu — Fig. 2c–g; Map 4</p><p>Trichosanthes khasiana Kundu (1939) 11. — Lectotype (designated here): J. D. Hooker &amp; T. Thomson 617 (lecto K000102019, http://www.kew.org/ herbcatimg/505008.jpg), India, Meghalaya, Khasia Hills. — Fig. 4.</p><p>Trichosanthes inthanonensis Duyfjes &amp; Pruesapan (2004) 86;W.J. deWilde &amp; Duyfjes (2008) 520; (2011) 271. — Type: P. Phonsena et al. 3930 (holo BKF;iso L), Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Inthanon NP, 1330 m, 16 Sept.2003.</p><p>Trichosanthes lepiniana auct. non (Naudin) Cogn.: Kundu p.p. (1943) 380 (only Naga Hills);S.K. Chen (1986) 226;(1995) 356;Lu Q.Huang &amp; C.Jeffrey (2011) 41.</p><p>Medium-sized perennial, dioecious climber. Stems glabrous, purple-red-tinged, deeply striate, slightly zigzag; young twigs purplish red; probract ovate-elliptic, 5–8 by 3–4 mm, margin subentire, glands 2 or 3, pink or green, variable in size; tendrils pinkish, glabrous, 3-fid. Leaves: petiole (5–) 7–8 cm, furrowed, striate; lamina suborbicular, 13–17(–20) by 12–17(–19) cm, chartaceous, glabrescent, minutely hairy on both sides, strongly 3-lobed up to 1/3 to middle, with small subtle side basal lobes, each lobe apically acuminate, nerve-tipped, ± dentate-serrate, upper surface green to dark green, white-hairy along nerves, lower surface pale green, nerves pinkish, glands small, green or pinkish, 8 or 9, mostly at base. Staminate inflorescence 15–20 cm long, rarely occurring with a co-axillary flower; peduncle (5–)7–10(–12) cm long, glabrous, robust, striate, sometimes twisted; rachis slightly zigzag; bracts cucullate, suborbicular, 3–3.5(–3.8) by 3–3.5 cm, laciniate, glands 2 or 3; opening buds (dark) greenish. Staminate flowers: pedicels c. 5 mm long; calyx lobes laciniate, irregularly broader at base, c. 1.2 by 0.3 cm; corolla lobes whitish, anthers 9–10 mm long. Pistillate flowers: pedicel 3–3.5 cm long, c. 2 mm wide; calyx lobe entire, triangular, 0.8–0.9 cm long, c. 0.25 cm wide at base; calyx tube brownish red, 3.5–4 cm long, slightly crooked, with two projections; ovary ovate, 2–2.3 cm long, glabrous, style 3–3.5 cm long; stigmas 3, lobes completely free, greenish. Fruits: pedicel 3–6 cm long; exocarp turbinate-ovate, 5–8(–10) by 4–7(–8) cm, red, with acuminate tip, distal umbo 4–6 mm long, pericarp 10(–12) mm thick, pulp greenish black. Seeds 30–50, brownish, compressed, irregularly elliptic, 12–15 by 7–10 by c. 2.5 mm, apex subtruncate, base cuneate, the edge ± angular, marginate.</p><p>Distribution — China, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland), Laos and Thailand; most probably in Myanmar also.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Wet places in forest openings; at 900–1700 m altitude. Flowering: May to July; fruiting: August to November.</p><p>Note — Earlier collections from NE India were mostly misidentified as T. lepiniana . A closer look at the syntypes of T. lepiniana (at BM, P) indicated that it is not convincingly distinguish- able from the highly variable T. bracteata . Clarke (1879) did not mention T. lepiniana (originally described as Involucraria lepiniana Naudin in 1868 from Pondicherry, South India) for India, though Cogniaux (1881) reported it from the Eastern Himalayas. Thereafter, T. lepiniana was reported from Naga Hills (now Nagaland) (Kundu 1943).All the Chinese specimens/ material kept under the name T. lepiniana by Huang &amp; Jeffrey (2011), and later by De Wilde &amp; Duyfjes (2011) as T. inthanonensis, belong to this species. Critical study of protologue and all the virtual herbarium specimens (including the isotype) of T. inthanonensis at L, indicates that its distinction from T. khasiana is untenable. Trichosanthes khasiana is distinguished from T. bracteata by pinkish leaf nerves (at base), less lacerate bracts, long slender pistillate flowers, ovoid fruits with narrow short beak, and broad obovate seeds. Its field identification characters include glabrous lower leaf surface, long pedicel of pistillate flower, fruits with typical apical umbo, and uniformly flat, broad obovate seeds.Also, often 3-lobed tender leaves and pigmented nerves in lower leaf surface were noticed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2C87B7FFDAD93FFFA53936C9E43B13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pradheep, K.;John, K. Joseph;Singh, P. K.;Rathi, R. S.;Pandey, A.	Pradheep, K., John, K. Joseph, Singh, P. K., Rathi, R. S., Pandey, A. (2021): A new subspecies and new records of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) for India, and notes on T. khasiana. Blumea 65 (3): 233-243, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.65.03.08
