identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F0E93B91F1035BBE94C8675708BAD025.text	F0E93B91F1035BBE94C8675708BAD025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abtylopilus australiensis Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>Abtylopilus australiensis Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 8 g</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>australiensis referring to the species being found in Australia.</p><p>Type.</p><p>AUSTRALIA • Queensland, Tablelands, Mareeba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-145.6427&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.8401" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -145.6427/lat -18.8401)">Barron Gorge National Park, Wright’s Lookout</a>, 18.8401°S, 145.6427°W, ca 367 m, 4 Feb 2006, T. W. Osmundson 1080 (Holotype: BRI AQ 0796293, Isotype: NY 2049854) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Abtylopilus australiensis differs from other species of Abtylopilus in its reddish-brown pileus, reddish to orange-red hymenophore staining dark red initially then blackish when bruised, orange-red, brownish red to blackish stipe, and a trichoderm pileipellis composed of 3–4 μm wide vertically arranged to slightly interwoven hyphae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large sized. Pileus 3.4–5.6 cm in diameter, convex to plane; surface subtomentose, dry, reddish brown (7 E 7-7 F 7); context whitish, staining dark red at first, and then becoming black when injured. Hymenophore depressed around apex of stipe; surface cream (4 A 3-4 A 4) to reddish (6 A 3-6 A 4), becoming orange-red (7 A 6-7 A 7) in age, staining dark red initially then blackish when bruised; pores nearly round, 0.3–1 mm wide, pale cream (4 A 2), becoming pale pinkish brown (7 D 5) to nearly black (4 F 6) in age; tubes up to 4 mm long, concolorous with hymenophoral surface. Stipe 4–5.9 × 0.7–1.1 cm, equal, solid, cream (4 A 2) to yellowish (4 A 4) when young, orange-red (7 A 6) to brownish red (7 D 8) at apex and reddish brown (6 D 8-6 E 8) to blackish (4 F 6) downward when mature; surface densely covered with minute-pruinose squamules; context whitish, staining dark red at first, and then becoming black when injured.</p><p>Basidia 25–30 × 8–12 μm, clavate to narrowly clavate, thin-walled, 4 - spored, hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidiospores [60 / 2 / 1] (8.0) 8.5–10.5 (11) × (3.0) 3.5–4.5 (5) μm [Q = (1.78) 2.11–2.86 (3.17), Q m = 2.47 ± 0.23], subcylindrical or subfusiform and inequilateral in profile view with slight suprahilar depression, oblong to fusiform in ventral view, smooth, yellowish to brownish in KOH, yellow to yellow-brown in Melzer’s reagent. Hymenophoral trama boletoid; hyphae cylindrical, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Cheilocystidia 45–56 × 12–13 μm, broadly subfusiform to fusoid-ventricose, thin-walled, yellowish to brownish in KOH, yellow to yellow-brown in Melzer’s reagent; surface without encrustations. Pleurocystidia morphologically similar to cheilocystidia. Pileipellis a trichoderm, composed of 3–4 μm wide vertically arranged to slightly interwoven hyphae, yellowish brown to brown in KOH and yellow-brown to dark brown in Melzer’s reagent; terminal cells 17–27 × 2–3 μm, subfusiform to cystidioid. Pileal trama composed of thin-walled hyphae; hyphae 2.5–4 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish in KOH and yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Gregarious on soil in rainforest; currently known in Australia.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Abtylopilus australiensis is characterized by its reddish-brown pileus; white context staining dark red at first and then becoming black when injured; reddish to orange-red hymenophore staining dark red initially and then blackish when bruised; orange-red, brownish red to blackish stipe; smooth basidiospores; and trichoderm pileipellis. Phylogenetically, Ab. australiensis clusters with Ab. scabrosus and forms a sister group with Ab. indonesiensis, and they are morphologically similar to each other. However, Ab. scabrosus differs from Ab. australiensis in its grayish red to brownish red pileus covered with tomentose squamules; gray to grayish pink hymenophore; white to dingy white stipe covered with dark scabrous squamules; and relatively large basidia measuring 28–55 × 16–17 μm (Li and Yang 2021). Abtylopilus indonesiensis differs from Ab. australiensis in its chocolate-brown to black pileus, pinkish hymenophore, pinkish orange stipe that is deep purple to black toward the base, and relatively small basidia measuring 26–40 × 10–11 μm (Li and Yang 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F0E93B91F1035BBE94C8675708BAD025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
352825CDFAC55FDD98D83CF7C2CDCD0B.text	352825CDFAC55FDD98D83CF7C2CDCD0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abtylopilus indonesiensis Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>Abtylopilus indonesiensis Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7, 8 h</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>indonesiensis referring to the species being found in Indonesia.</p><p>Type.</p><p>INDONESIA • Java, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.438&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.5442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.438/lat -6.5442)">Haurbentes Park</a>, alt. ca 300 m, 6.5442°S, 106.438°E, 16 Jan 2001, Halling 8070 (Holotype: BO; Isotype: NY 1393740) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Abtylopilus indonesiensis differs from other species of Abtylopilus in its a chocolate-brown to black pileus becoming a pale pinkish brown with age, a pinkish orange stipe but deep purple to black downward, a pinkish hymenophore usually, a whitish context changing to orange-red at first and then black when injured, and trichoderm pileipellis composed of 1.5–3.5 μm wide vertically arranged hyphae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large sized. Pileus 4–10 cm in diameter, convex to plano-convex, subvelutinous to tomentose, dry, chocolate-brown (7 C 3-7 C 4) to black (4 F 6), fading to a pale pinkish brown; context 1–1.5 cm thick, whitish, changing to orange-red then blackish when injured. Hymenophore adnate to adnexed; surface pinkish (7 A 2-7 A 3), staining orange-red at first and then black when bruised; tubes up to 8 mm long, white initially then pinkish to flesh colored when matured, staining orange-red at first and then black when bruised; pores angular, concolorous with hymenophoral surface and staining likewise. Stipe 4–6 × 1.5–2 cm, equal, dry, subpruinose, white to pinkish orange (7 A 3-7 B 3) at apex, deep purple (13 E 5-13 E 7) to black (4 F 6) downwards, staining red initially then blackish when injured. Odor and taste mild.</p><p>Basidia 26–40 × 10–11 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - spored, hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidiospores [60 / 3 / 1] 9.0–10.5 × 4–5 μm [Q = (1.90) 2.00–2.71 (2.86), Q m = 2.31 ± 0.22], subfusiform in profile view with slight suprahilar depression, elongated to fusiform in ventral view, smooth, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Hymenophoral trama boletoid; hyphae cylindrical, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish in Melzer’s reagent. Cheilocystidia 32–55 × 11–14 μm, fusiform or subfusiform, thin-walled, brownish to yellowish brown in KOH, yellow to yellow-brown in Melzer’s reagent. Pleurocystidia morphologically similar to cheilocystidia. Pileipellis a palisadoderm, composed of 1.5–3.5 μm wide vertically arranged hyphae, yellowish brown to brownish in KOH and yellow-brown to dark brown in Melzer’s reagent; terminal cells 15–35 × 2–3 μm, subfusiform to cystidioid, thin-walled. Pileal trama composed of thin-walled hyphae; hyphae 2–3 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish in KOH and yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Gregarious on the ground of dipterocarp forest ( Shorea, Dipterocarpus, Hopea); currently known from Indonesia.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Abtylopilus indonesiensis is characterized by a chocolate-brown to black pileus becoming pale pinkish brown with age; a pinkish orange stipe that is deep purple to black toward the base, staining reddish brown at first and then becoming blackish when bruised; a pinkish hymenophore usually staining reddish and then blackish when bruised; a whitish context changing to orange red at first and then black when injured; smooth basidiospores; and trichoderm pileipellis. Abtylopilus indonesiensis is phylogenetically related to Ab. scabrosus and Ab. australiensis . However, Ab. scabrosus differs from Ab. indonesiensis in its grayish red to brownish red or ruby pileus, white to dingy white stipe densely covered with dark scabrous squamules, and relatively large basidia measuring 28–55 × 16–17 μm (Li and Yang 2021). Abtylopilus australiensis differs from Ab. indonesiensis in its reddish-brown pileus, reddish to orange-red hymenophore, and reddish brown to blackish stipe densely minute-pruinose (Li and Yang 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/352825CDFAC55FDD98D83CF7C2CDCD0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
741186B0DC1C50D6B0F268A14405DCB7.text	741186B0DC1C50D6B0F268A14405DCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Abtylopilus Yan C. Li & Zhu L. Yang	<div><p>Abtylopilus Yan C. Li &amp; Zhu L. Yang, The Boletes of China: Tylopilus s. l. (Singapore): 39 (2021)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Abtylopilus was proposed by Li and Yang (2021) as a new genus based on morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic studies. This genus is characterized by its nearly glabrous pileus, white to cream hymenophore, fine hymenophoral pores (0.3–1 mm wide), initially red and then black discoloration when injured, and palisadoderm pileipellis. Two species were described from China, viz., Ab. alborubellus and Ab. scabrosus . Here two additional new species from Indonesia and Australia are described and documented in detail.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/741186B0DC1C50D6B0F268A14405DCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
1424CB60A5FE5B71A469BBE3FE91903C.text	1424CB60A5FE5B71A469BBE3FE91903C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoporphyrellus alboater (Schwein.) Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>Neoporphyrellus alboater (Schwein.) Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 8 a, b</p><p>Suillus alboater (Schwein.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3 (3): 535. 1898.</p><p>Tylopilus alboater (Schwein.) Murrill, Mycologia 1 (1): 16. 1909.</p><p>Porphyrellus alboater (Schwein.) E. - J. Gilbert, Les Bolets: 99. 1931.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Boletus alboater Schwein., Schr. naturf. Ges. Leipzig 1: 95. 1822.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large sized. Pileus 4.5–13.5 cm broad, convex to plano-convex to plane, dry, subvelutinous to matte, black to dark gray to dark brown, becoming gray, becoming finely areolate with age, with even and entire margin; context white, up to 3 cm thick, slowly light pinkish orange or red to pinkish gray, then black when injured, with mild odor and taste. Hymenophore adnate to adnexed; surface white at first becoming pinkish vinaceous, staining pinkish orange to reddish brown then black when injured; tubes up to 10 mm long. Stipe 5–9 × 1–3 cm, equal to subclavate, dry, finely subpruinose, sometimes obscurely ridged below, white above and black below at first, eventually black overall, white to pale grayish at base; context white above, gray to black below, becoming black with age. Spore print pinkish vinaceous. Taste and odor mild (Coker and Beers 1943; Singer 1947; Snell and Dick 1970; Smith and Thiers 1971; Roody 2003; Phillips 2005; Moore et al. 2007; Bessette et al. 2024; our observation).</p><p>Basidia 20–31 × 9.5–12 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - spored, hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidiospores [60 / 2 / 1] (8) 8.5–10.5 (11) × 4–5 μm, [Q = (1.78) 1.89–2.63 (2.75), Q m = 2.18 ± 0.17], subfusiform in profile view with slight suprahilar depression, elongated to fusiform in ventral view, smooth, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), hyaline to brownish in KOH, brown to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Hymenophoral trama boletoid; hyphae cylindrical, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Cheilocystidia 24–46 × 8–18 μm, fusiform or subfusiform, thin-walled, yellowish brown to brownish in KOH, yellow-brown to brown in Melzer’s reagent; surface without encrustations. Pleurocystidia 39–56 × 13–17 μm, morphologically similar to cheilocystidia. Pileipellis a trichoderm, composed of 4–8.5 μm wide filamentous interwoven hyphae, yellowish brown to brown in KOH, and brown to dark brown in Melzer’s reagent; terminal cells 22–58 × 4–6.5 μm, clavate to subcylindrical or fusiform, thin-walled. Pileal trama composed of thin-walled hyphae; hyphae 4.5–9 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, brownish to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Solitary, scattered to gregarious under trees of the genera Quercus, Fagus, Betula, Carya; currently known from eastern United States, New York to northern Florida, west to Missouri.</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>USA • New York, Bronx Co., Bronx, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.8776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.8586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.8776/lat 40.8586)">New York Botanical Garden, River Way &amp; Snuff Mill Rd.</a>, ca 20 m, 40.8586°N, 73.8776°W, 13 August 1984, Halling 3794 (NY 45157) , 19 August 1984, Halling 3803 (NY 45194), 5 September 1984, R. E. Halling 3819 (NY 45190), 24 July 1989, Halling 6277 (NY 45187); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.8781&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.8624" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.8781/lat 40.8624)">Azalea Way</a>, 40.8624°N, 73.8781°W, 10 September 1984, Halling 3841 (NY 45189) , 7 July 1989, Halling 6246 (NY 45197), 9 July 1992, Halling 6866 (NY 45196), 1 August 1992, Halling 6883 (NY 45182), 40.8624°N, 73.8781°W, 7 July 1985, Halling 4431 (NY 45199), 40.8619°N, 73.8777°W, 50 m, 5 August 1985, Halling 4493 (NY 45198); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.8754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.8665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.8754/lat 40.8665)">near Twin Ponds</a>, 40.8665°N, 73.8754°W, 30 July 1988, Halling 5964 (NY 45200) , 4 August 1988, Halling 5971 (NY 45195), 12 June 1991, Halling 6542 (NY 45186), 27 August 1991, Halling 6633 (NY 45191); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.8754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.8671" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.8754/lat 40.8671)">east end of eastern Twin Pond</a>, 40.8671°N, 73.8754°W, 21 August 1985, Halling 4549 (NY 14583, NY 14584) , 8 September 2008, Halling 9013 (NY 1034447), 23 August 2011, Halling 9601 (NY 1193926 and KUN-HKAS 147016); 40.8667°N, 73.8753°W, 35–36 m, 14 July 2016, Halling 10083 (NY 02685939), 9 August 2017, Halling 10154 (NY 02861405), 3 August 2018, Halling 10176 (NY 02072595), 13 September 2019, Halling 10186 (NY 02072672) .</p><p>Typification of the name Boletus alboater .</p><p>Neoporphyrellus alboater was originally described as Boletus alboater from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, by Schweinitz (1822). Since then, typification has not been verified, even though # 864 was the number applied to a specimen by Schweinitz. We have tried to locate the original material in PH for lectotypification but without success. Also, we have checked K, FH, BPI, and UPS but failed to find that specimen. In PH, there is another specimen (PH 00078766) that was collected by Persoon and verified by Schweinitz as Boletus alboater . Persoon clearly did not collect in the USA, so it is highly unlikely that the identification is correct. Also, based on current knowledge, B. alboater has not been documented in Europe. According to information listed on MycoPortal. org, another specimen in PH (00078756) listed as Boletus sp., determined by Schweinitz, with an “ ID Remarks ” as “ Boletus alb . ” The collector is listed as unknown, there are no locality data, and a verbatim date of “ 1805-01 - 02 ” is cited without a known collector number. Thus, due to a lack of valid original material, we have proposed here a neotype in NY with an isoneotype in KUN. As we noted above, the NYBG site is only ± 150 km east of the type locality cited later by Schweinitz (1832).</p><p>Type.</p><p>(Neotype designated here, Figs 3, 7 a, b, Mycobank No.: MBT 10026353): USA • New York, Bronx Co., Bronx, New York Botanical Garden, east end of eastern Twin Pond, 23 August 2011, Halling 9601 (Neotype: NY 1193926, GenBank Acc. Nos. OP 771514 for nrLSU, OP 765296 for rpb 1, OP 762644 for rpb 2, OP 750052 for tef 1 - α; Isoneotype: KUN-HKAS 147016) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Neoporphyrellus alboater is characterized by its black to dark gray to dark brown pileus, which is areolate with age; white context slowly turning light pinkish orange or red to pinkish gray, then black when injured; finely subpruinose stipe, which is white above and black below at first and eventually black overall; white to pinkish vinaceous hymenophore becoming pinkish orange to reddish brown, then black when bruised; smooth basidiospores; and trichoderm pileipellis (Coker and Beers 1943; Singer 1947; Snell and Dick 1970; Smith and Thiers 1971; Roody 2003; Phillips 2005; Moore et al. 2007; Bessette et al. 2024). This species shares basidiospore size and the same discoloration reaction when injured with An. cystidiatus (Li and Yang 2021) . However, An. cystidiatus differs from N. alboater in its grayish red to brownish red or ruby red pileus, which is slightly darker in the center, and its epithelial pileipellis composed of 8–21 μm wide inflated concatenated cells. The white hymenophore when young and dull pink when mature and the sometimes slightly reticulated stipe apex of N. alboater are similar to those of N. atronicotianus . Moreover, both of these species are phylogenetically related. However, N. atronicotianus has a finely tomentose pileus and stipe, a bright brown hymenophore, a reddish-brown spore print, relatively large basidia (31–46 × 7.5–9.5 μm), and narrow pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (9–12 μm and 6–9 μm wide, respectively).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1424CB60A5FE5B71A469BBE3FE91903C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
2E167ECEA304539D910A11D86D2C5CD9.text	2E167ECEA304539D910A11D86D2C5CD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoporphyrellus atronicotianus (Both 2025) Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>Neoporphyrellus atronicotianus (Both) Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 8 c, d</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Tylopilus atronicotianus Both, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 36: 216. 1998</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large sized. Pileus 7.5–20 cm in diameter, hemispherical to broadly convex or flattened; surface dry, smooth, light brown to olive-brown, becoming darker in color when matured; context whitish, staining pink to pinkish red at first, and then becoming black when injured. Hymenophore surface initially whitish, staining red at first and then blackish when injured; pores angular, up to 1.5 mm wide; tubes up to 8 mm long, bright brown, staining reddish at first and then black when injured. Stipe 6–12 × 1.5–4.5 cm, clavate to subcylindrical, solid, grayish to dark brown, almost black at the base, surface finely tomentose, sometimes finely reticulate near apex; context white, pink to pinkish-red at first, and then becoming black when injured. Spore print reddish-brown (Both 1998; Bessette et al. 2000, 2024; and our observation).</p><p>Basidia 31–46 × 7.5–9.5 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - spored, hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Basidiospores [40 / 2 / 2] 7.5–10.5 × 3.5–5 μm [Q = 1.78–2.38, Q m = 2.14 ± 0.09], subfusiform in profile view with slight suprahilar depression, elongated to fusiform in ventral view, smooth, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), hyaline to brownish in KOH, brown to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Hymenophoral trama boletoid; hyphae cylindrical, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Cheilocystidia 32–47 × 6–9 μm, fusiform or subfusiform, thin-walled, yellowish brown to brownish in KOH, yellow-brown to brown in Melzer’s reagent; surface without encrustations. Pleurocystidia morphologically similar to cheilocystidia but much bigger, 38–76 × 9–12 μm. Pileipellis a trichoderm, composed of 3.5–7 μm wide filamentous interwoven hyphae, yellowish brown to brownish in KOH, and brown to yellow-brown in Melzer’s reagent; terminal cells 11.5–76 × 3.5–5.5 μm, clavate to subcylindrical, thin-walled. Pileal trama composed of thin-walled hyphae; hyphae 4.5–9 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellow to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Solitary on the ground of deciduous forest dominated by red oak ( Quercus rubra), beech ( Fagus sp.), and hemlock ( Tsuga sp.); currently known in the United States from New York to West Virginia.</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>USA • New York, Erie Co., North Collins, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.9411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.5953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.9411/lat 42.5953)">Town Park</a>, alt. ca 1319 m, 42.5953°N, 78.9411°W, August 1983, E. E. Both 2480 (NY 815170, paratype) ; New York, Erie Co., North Collins, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.9411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.5953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.9411/lat 42.5953)">Ukrainian Camp</a>, alt. ca 1319 m, 42.5953°N, 78.9411°W, 18 September 1981, B. Both 2358 (NY 815171, paratype) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Neoporphyrellus atronicotianus was originally described from New York and is currently known from the eastern USA (Both 1998; Bessette et al. 2000, 2024). It is characterized by its light brown to olive-brown pileus, whitish context staining pink to pinkish-red and then becoming black when injured, whitish hymenophore staining red at first and then blackish when injured, smooth basidiospores, and trichodermium pileipellis (Both 1998; Bessette et al. 2000, 2024; and our observation). This species is morphologically similar to T. alpinus Yan C. Li &amp; Zhu L. Yang, as both of them have an olive-brown pileus, whitish context, whitish hymenophore, and reticulum at the upper part of the stipe. However, T. alpinus differs from N. atronicotianus in its context staining pale red to grayish red but without any black or blackish tinges when injured, hymenophore staining a brownish red to grayish red or orange-brown tinge when bruised, and relatively long basidiospores (13–14.5 μm) (Li and Yang 2021). Neoporphyrellus atronicotianus is phylogenetically closely related to N. alboater and N. sinoalboater . However, N. alboater has a black to dark gray to dark brown pileus, which is areolate with age, a finely subpruinose stipe, a white to pinkish vinaceous hymenophore, and relatively broad cheilocystidia measuring 24–46 × 8–18 μm and pleurocystidia measuring 39–56 × 13–17 μm. While N. sinoalboater differs from N. atronicotianus in its gray to brownish gray pileus and relatively small pleurocystidia (34–55 × 8–14 μm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E167ECEA304539D910A11D86D2C5CD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
9EA478B7D0C75CEEB4423504C12994F8.text	9EA478B7D0C75CEEB4423504C12994F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoporphyrellus sinoalboater Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>Neoporphyrellus sinoalboater Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 8e, f</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>sino (Latin) = China, reflecting that the basidiomata were collected from China + alboater for the similarity of the basidiomata to T. alboater .</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Yunnan Province, Lijiang City, Liming Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.8502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.8502/lat 26.847)">Laojunshan</a>, alt. ca 2516 m, 26.8470°N, 99.8502°E, 31 August 2024, Y. C. Li 6989 (KUN-HKAS 145312) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Neoporphyrellus sinoalboater differs from other species of Neoporphyrellus in its gray to brownish gray pileus, whitish to pallid context, whitish to cream and then dirty white or grayish hymenophore, grayish to blackish brown stipe, a trichoderm pileipellis composed of 3.5–7 μm wide filamentous interwoven hyphae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata medium to large sized. Pileus 3–4.5 cm in diameter, subhemispherical to applanate; surface dry, smooth, gray (5 B 1) to brownish gray (5 B 2), staining reddish brown when bruised; margin slightly extended; context whitish (1 A 2) to pallid (1 A 3), changing to reddish (8 B 4) or brownish red (8 C 4) quickly, and then slowly becoming blackish (19 F 5) when injured. Hymenophore adnate to slightly decurrent, or sometimes slightly depressed around apex of stipe when mature; surface initially whitish (1 A 2) to cream (1 A 3) or dirty white to grayish (4 B 1); pores angular to roundish, up to 1 mm wide, tubes up to 6 mm long, concolorous or a little paler than hymenophoral surface, changing to reddish brown (8 C 3) at first and then becoming blackish when injured. Stipe 5–8.3 × 1–4 cm, clavate to subcylindrical, flexuous, solid, grayish (5 C 3) to blackish brown (5 E 2), dark in color downwards, staining reddish brown at first and then blackish when bruising; context white (1 A 1) to cream (1 A 2), changing to brownish red (8 C 4) quickly, then slowly becoming blackish (19 F 5) when injured; basal mycelium white (1 A 1). Taste and odor mild.</p><p>Basidia 25–34 × 9–10 μm, clavate, thin-walled, 4 - spored, hyaline or yellowish brown in KOH. Basidiospores [80 / 4 / 4] (7) 7.5–9.5 (10) × (3.5) 4–4.5 (5) μm, [Q = (1.67) 1.75–2.25 (2.38), Q m = 1.99 ± 0.13], subfusiform in profile view with slight suprahilar depression, elongated to fusiform in ventral view, smooth, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), yellowish or brownish in KOH, brown to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Hymenophoral trama boletoid; hyphae cylindrical, 4–10 μm wide, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellow to yellowish brown in Melzer’s reagent. Cheilocystidia 34–55 × 8–14 μm, fusiform or subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline to brownish in KOH, yellowish brown to brownish in Melzer’s reagent; surface without encrustations. Pleurocystidia morphologically similar to cheilocystidia. Pileipellis a trichoderm, composed of 3.5–7 μm wide filamentous interwoven hyphae, yellowish brown to brownish in KOH and brown to dark brown in Melzer’s reagent; terminal cells 15–88 × 3.5–7 μm, clavate to subcylindrical or fusiform, thin-walled. Pileal trama composed of thin-walled hyphae, 3.5–6 μm wide, hyaline or yellowish in KOH, brownish in Melzer’s reagent. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Habitat and distribution.</p><p>Solitary on the ground under Quercus semicarpifolia; currently known from central and southwestern China.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Hubei Province, Shennongjia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.8502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.8502/lat 26.847)">Muyu Town</a>, alt. ca 1800 m, 31.4689°N, 110.3663°E, 16 July 2012, Q. Zhao 1556 (KUN-HKAS 78815) ; Yunnan Province, Dali, Xiangyun Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.8502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.8502/lat 26.847)">Dasongping Village</a>, alt. ca 2040 m, 25.6653°N, 100.6955°E, 10 July 2009, N. K. Zeng 297 (KUN-HKAS 107186) ; Lijiang City, Liming Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.8502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.8502/lat 26.847)">Laojunshan</a>, alt. ca 2516 m, 26.8470°N, 99.8502°E, 31 August 2024, Y. C. Li 7010 (KUN-HKAS 145313) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>Neoporphyrellus sinoalboater is characterized by its gray to brownish gray pileus and stipe staining reddish brown at first and then becoming blackish when bruised; white to cream hymenophore usually staining reddish and then blackish when bruised; white to pallid context changing to reddish or brownish red initially and then slowly becoming blackish when injured; smooth basidiospores; and trichoderm pileipellis. All these features are very similar to those of Abtylopilus scabrosus Yan C. Li &amp; Zhu L. Yang and Abtylopilus alborubellus Yan C. Li &amp; Zhu L. Yang. However, the latter two species have a glabrous pileus, a white to cream or grayish and then grayish pink hymenophore, relatively long basidiospores (up to 11 μm), and a palisadoderm pileipellis composed of broad (up to 9 μm) vertically arranged hyphae (Li and Yang 2021). Neoporphyrellus alboater and N. atronicotianus share the same discoloration as N. sinoalboater when injured, but N. alboater has a black to dark gray to dark brown pileus becoming gray with age; a dull pinkish or flesh-colored hymenophore; fine hymenophoral pores (up to 0.5 mm wide); relatively large basidiospores measuring 8–11 × 4–5 μm; and wide hymenial cystidia measuring 39–56 × 13–17 μm (Singer 1947). Neoporphyrellus atronicotianus has a light brown to olive-brown pileus, a grayish to dark brown stipe with the base almost black, relatively long tubes (up to 22 mm), and relatively large basidia measuring 31–46 × 7.5–9.5 μm (Singer 1947; Bessette and Bessette 2000; Bessette and Bessette 2001; Roody 2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9EA478B7D0C75CEEB4423504C12994F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
F889B21569B953FEA8B9F7D1E99AD40B.text	F889B21569B953FEA8B9F7D1E99AD40B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoporphyrellus Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>Neoporphyrellus Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This genus differs from other genera of Boletaceae in its dark colored basidioma, white to cream and thin hymenophore at first, then pinkish to light gray, white mycelium on the base of stipe, trichoderm pileipellis, smooth basidiospores, and initially reddish then blackish discoloration in the context when injured.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Neoporphyrellus (Latin) reflecting the new genus shares the similar colors of the basidiomata and spore prints with the genus Porphyrellus .</p><p>Typus generis.</p><p>Neoporphyrellus alboater (Schwein.) Yan C. Li, J. Li, Halling, Osmundson &amp; Zhu L. Yang [Basionym: Boletus alboater Schwein.].</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata small to large-sized. Pileus subhemispherical, broadly convex to applanate; surface dry, smooth or with a velvet-like texture, cracked with age, gray to brownish gray, or light brown to olive-brown, or yellowish gray to orangish brown. Context whitish, staining pink to pinkish red or reddish or brownish red at first and then becoming blackish when injured. Hymenophore slightly depressed around apex of stipe; surface initially whitish to cream then yellowish or grayish when mature, changing to reddish at first and then becoming blackish when injured; pores roundish or angular to irregular, changing to reddish or reddish brown at first and then becoming blackish when injured. Stipe clavate to subcylindrical, flexuous, solid, grayish to blackish brown, or yellowish brown, brownish black to black, dark in color downwards, sometimes slightly reticulate near apex; context white to cream, changing to brownish red quickly, then slowly becoming blackish when injured. Taste and odor mild. Basidiospores smooth, subfusiform. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia fusiform or subfusiform. Pileipellis trichodermium composed of somewhat vertically arranged or interwoven thin-walled hyphae. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p><p>Note.</p><p>The genus Neoporphyrellus is characterized by the gray to purplish gray pileus, finely velvety pileal surface, initially white to cream and thin hymenophore becoming pinkish vinaceous, white context changing reddish initially and then blackish when injured, and trichoderm pileipellis. Some recently published new genera, viz. Abtylopilus, Anthracoporus, Brasilioporus, Indoporus, Kgaria, and Nevesoporus, were proposed based on species that were thought to belong to, or be closely related to Tylopilus and have a context changing reddish initially and then blackish when injured, using both morphological and molecular methods (Parihar et al. 2018; Li and Yang 2021; Magnago et al. 2022; Halling et al. 2023). However, Abtylopilus is characterized by its nearly glabrous pileus, white to cream hymenophore, fine hymenophoral pores (0.3–1 mm wide), and palisadoderm pileipellis composed of 4–11 μm wide, vertically arranged hyphae (Li and Yang 2021). Anthracoporus is characterized by the tomentose or rugose pileus, black to grayish black hymenophore when young and then becoming grayish pink when mature, fine hymenophoral pores (0.3–2 mm wide), and trichoderm pileipellis composed of 4–9.5 μm hyphae, or an epithelial pileipellis composed of 10–21 μm wide inflated concatenated cells (Li and Yang 2021). Brasilioporus is characterized by the matted fibrillose to squamulose pileus, the off-white hymenophore and context when young and then pinkish with age, fine hymenophoral pores (1–1.5 mm wide), and a trichoderm pileipellis with terminal cells 8–12 μm wide (Magnago et al. 2022). Indoporus is characterized by its distinct extended pileal margin, gray or grayish white to grayish pink hymenophore, large hymenophoral pores (up to 4 mm wide), and trichoderm to palisadoderm pileipellis composed of 6–16 μm wide, vertically arranged hyphae (Parihar et al. 2018; Li and Yang 2021). Kgaria is characterized by its irregularly bumpy to roughened pileus, sometimes scaly-areolate with age, white context changing from blue to red and then nearly black, white then mineral green to dull yellow to olive-brown hymenophore changing from red to blue and then black when bruised, and trichoderm pileipellis and stipitipellis with iconic cyanogranular encrusting pigment (Halling et al. 2023). Nevesoporus is characterized by the initially velvety and then subareolate pileus, the relatively large hymenophoral pores (1–2 mm wide), the off-white hymenophore when young and then becoming pinkish when mature, unchanging or blackish when bruised, and the trichoderm pileipellis consisting of vertically arranged catenulate hyphae (Magnago et al. 2022).</p><p>Porphyrellus shares similarly colored spore prints and basidiomata with Neoporphyrellus, but it can be distinguished from Neoporphyrellus by its white to pallid context without discoloration or becoming asymmetrically blue or at first reddish and then bluish when injured, and its palisadoderm or epithelial pileipellis (Gilbert 1931; Wolfe 1979; Li and Yang 2021). Currently, three species of Neoporphyrellus are revealed including one new species and two new combinations. These three species are documented and illustrated below:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F889B21569B953FEA8B9F7D1E99AD40B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Jin;Halling, Roy E.;Osmundson, Todd W.;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Li, Jin, Halling, Roy E., Osmundson, Todd W., Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2025): Global diversity of the Tylopilus alboater complex (Boletaceae, Boletales): new genus and species, and typification of the name Boletus alboater. IMA Fungus 16: e 159676, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.159676
