identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
850335652A7FFFDFBD9C7C16FB84FCB7.text	850335652A7FFFDFBD9C7C16FB84FCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanoptera (ThripsWiki 2023)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1913 (  THYSANOPTERA :  AEOLOTHRIPIDAE ) // </p>
            <p>A. Moradi 1), M. Alizadeh 1), M. Mirab-balou 2*), H. R. Pourian 1)</p>
            <p>1) Department of Plant Protection, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.</p>
            <p>  2)  Department of Plant Protection , College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. *Corresponding author. E-mail: m.mirabbalou@ilam.ac.ir </p>
            <p> Summary. One of the small genera of the family  Aeolothripidae (  Thysanoptera : Terebrantia)  Rhipidothrips Uzel includes 6 species. Up to now, 4 species of this genus have been recorded in Iran. The wingless morph of  R. brunneus Williams is described for the first time based on specimens collected from pasture plants in Javanrud County, Kermanshah Province (western Iran). A key to Iranian species of  Rhipidothrips is also provided. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850335652A7FFFDFBD9C7C16FB84FCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moradi, A.;Alizadeh, M.;Mirab-balou, M.;Pourian, H. R.	Moradi, A., Alizadeh, M., Mirab-balou, M., Pourian, H. R. (2024): WING POLYMORPHISM OF RHIPIDOTHRIPS BRUNNEUS WILLIAMS, 1913 (THYSANOPTERA: AEOLOTHRIPIDAE. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 11-14, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.3
850335652A7EFFDEBE197CA5FDAFFCB7.text	850335652A7EFFDEBE197CA5FDAFFCB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidothrips Uzel 1895	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Rhipidothrips Uzel, 1895</p>
            <p> Remarks. Up to the present, four  Rhipidothrips species have been recorded from Iran (Mirab-balou, 2018):  R. unicolor zur Strassen reported from Canary Islands and Iran (Khuzestan province),  R. flavus Tunç from Türkiye and Iran (Golestan and Hamedan provinces),  R. gratiosus Uzel from Southern areas of the western Palaearctic, California, Türkiye and Iran (Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi, Fars, Kerman, Golestan, Hamedan provinces), and worldwide  R. brunneus Williams.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850335652A7EFFDEBE197CA5FDAFFCB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moradi, A.;Alizadeh, M.;Mirab-balou, M.;Pourian, H. R.	Moradi, A., Alizadeh, M., Mirab-balou, M., Pourian, H. R. (2024): WING POLYMORPHISM OF RHIPIDOTHRIPS BRUNNEUS WILLIAMS, 1913 (THYSANOPTERA: AEOLOTHRIPIDAE. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 11-14, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.3
850335652A7EFFDEBDD97D8DFBE5FAEC.text	850335652A7EFFDEBDD97D8DFBE5FAEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidothrips Uzel 1895	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to Iranian species of  Rhipidothrips Uzel</p>
            <p>1. Antennal segment II yellow ................................................................................................. 2</p>
            <p>– Antennal segment II brown .................................................................................................. 3</p>
            <p> 2. Body brown, head and antennal segment I and end of abdomen dark brown, pronotum light yellow or yellow with a brown stain in the middle, often spotted abdomen ..................... .......................................................................................................  R. gratiosus Uzel, 1895</p>
            <p> – Body light yellow, pronotum and tergites with small, brown spots; antennal segment I white or pale yellow ....................................................................................  R. flavus Tunç, 1991</p>
            <p> 3. Apex of mid and hind tibiae, mostly of for tibiae and base of mid and hind femora yellow, internal body color often carmine red; females macropterous, micropterous or apterous ................................................................................................  R. brunneus Williams, 1913</p>
            <p> – Legs completely brown, internal body color orange brown; females macropterous ............. .............................................................................................  R. unicolor zur Strassen, 1965 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850335652A7EFFDEBDD97D8DFBE5FAEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moradi, A.;Alizadeh, M.;Mirab-balou, M.;Pourian, H. R.	Moradi, A., Alizadeh, M., Mirab-balou, M., Pourian, H. R. (2024): WING POLYMORPHISM OF RHIPIDOTHRIPS BRUNNEUS WILLIAMS, 1913 (THYSANOPTERA: AEOLOTHRIPIDAE. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 11-14, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.3
850335652A7EFFDCBCFF7B53FBD6FDAA.text	850335652A7EFFDCBCFF7B53FBD6FDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidothrips brunneus Williams 1913	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhipidothrips brunneus Williams, 1913</p>
            <p>Figs 1–6</p>
            <p>  MATERIAL EXAMINED. Iran: Kermanshah province,  Javanrud , on rangeland plants, 28.VI 2023, 3♀, leg. Arezoo Moradi. </p>
            <p>DIAGNOSIS. FEMALE (f. apterous) Body, legs and antennae largely brown; tarsi, apex of mid and hind tibiae, mostly of for tibiae and base of mid and hind femora yellow (Fig. 1); antennal segments I-II brown, apex of II yellow, III-IV yellow (Fig. 4). Head. Antennae 9- segmented, segments VII-IX fused, segments III and IV with transverse sense cone at apex.</p>
            <p>Head with less than five pairs of small ante-ocellar setae; more than 6 thick setae on cheeks, behind compound eyes. Thorax. Pronotum with one pair of long posteroangular setae and 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae. Mesonotum without microtrichia on sculpture lines. Metanotum with elongate reticulations, without microtrichia, median setae near at posterior margin. Fore tarsus with strongly recurved denticle. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites with transverse reticulation, trichobothria on last segment about as large as major setal bases. Abdominal sternites III-VI with 2 or 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae; sternite VII with 4 pairs of posteromarginal setae, 2 pairs of supernumerary setae, 3 discal setae laterally. Ovipositor well developed.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (f. microptera) (Fig. 2). Similar to apterous morph, with wings lobe shorter than thorax (Fig. 5).</p>
            <p>FEMALE (f. macroptera) (Fig. 3). Fore wing pale with posterior margin weakly shaded, with cross veins visible (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p>MALE. Abdominal tergite I with paired longitudinal ridges scarcely one third as long as tergite.</p>
            <p> Figs 1–6.  Rhipidothrips brunneus , female: 1 – f. aptera; 2 – f. microptera; 3 – f. macroptera; 4 – antenna; 5 – fore wing lobe of micropterous form; 6 – fore wing of macropterous form. </p>
            <p> REMARKS. Wings may be present or absent in thrips species; and the wings when present are unique among insects because they are narrow, with few or no veins, fringed with long hairs that hence give the order's name. Recently, we collected many thrips specimens on rangeland plants and one of them,  R. brunneus was dominant. After the identification of specimens, the wingless form of this species is described for the first time. Because of extensive collecting in both spring and summer, it seems likely that both morphs of the species occur only at the end of spring and early in summer. </p>
            <p>  DISTRIBUTION. Iran (Golestan, Khuzestan, Hamedan, Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi, Kermanshah, Ilam), China, widespread across Western Europe to Egypt, also  Western Australia and USA (California) (Mirab-balou, 2018)  . </p>
            <p> Among  Thysanoptera , there are three different wing morphs: aptera (wingless), microptera (short-winged), and macroptera (fully winged). Among Terebrantian species, the ecological function of wing reduction is less obvious, despite being widespread in males. Amongst  Aeolothripidae , the species with wingless or micropterous adults are usually those that live at ground level and exhibit some level of ant-mimicry, such as  Aeolothrips albicinctus Haliday ,  Aeolothrips bicolor Hinds , and  Desmothrips reedi Mound (Tyagi et al., 2008) . In Iran, among aeolothripids, most of species are fully winged, and a few are short-winged such as  A. albicinctus .  Rhipidothrips species are mostly macropterous (Alavi &amp; Minaei, 2018), and only a micropterous form was found in  R. brunneus population (zur Strassen, 2003).  R. brunneus is phytophagous species feeds on flowers of  Poaceae (Mound et al., 1976; zur Strassen, 2003) but was also recorded as having predatory tendencies (Mound et al., 2023). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850335652A7EFFDCBCFF7B53FBD6FDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moradi, A.;Alizadeh, M.;Mirab-balou, M.;Pourian, H. R.	Moradi, A., Alizadeh, M., Mirab-balou, M., Pourian, H. R. (2024): WING POLYMORPHISM OF RHIPIDOTHRIPS BRUNNEUS WILLIAMS, 1913 (THYSANOPTERA: AEOLOTHRIPIDAE. Far Eastern Entomologist 509: 11-14, DOI: 10.25221/fee.509.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.509.3
