taxonID	type	description	language	source
8412195EFFA8594E5D97FD7DFE0FFA8F.taxon	description	https: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 6 BFE 738 - B 8 A 0 - 478 E- 8 D 60 - 294370421 FF 1	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFA8594E5D97FD7DFE0FFA8F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male (female unknown): Integument soft. Dorsum with a pair of platelets bearing the postocularia and a larger posterodorsal platelet, lateral eyes small, lying below the integument. Coxae in four groups, Cxgl- 4 absent. Posterior to the genital field a large plate with the excretory pore and Vgl- 2 and Vgl- 4. Genital field with a small pregenital sclerite and paired genital flaps bearing five pairs of acetabula. Palp five-segmented, P- 2 without a ventral projection, distoventrally a seta normal in shape., P- 4 nearly equal in H from base to tip, with a blunt projection bearing a long seta in distal half and a further longer seta near P- 5 insertion. Legs without swimming setae. IV-leg- 1 strongly thickened, with rounded dorsal margin, IV-leg- 5 with four extremely enlarged, stout ventral setae at regular distance, IV-leg- 6 without claws inserted subdistally, short and narrow, with a short subterminal seta.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFA8594E5D97FD7DFE0FFA8F.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus: Spinilimnesia n. gen.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFA8594E5D97FD7DFE0FFA8F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Based on the acetabula lying on the genital flaps, and IV-leg- 6 without a claw, we assigned the new subfamily to Limnesiidae, a family embracing a wide variety of taxa with diverging adaptations, and thus difficult to define. The presence of movable genital flaps in males is rarely found in this family, as general feature in members of the subfamilies Epallagopodinae, Tyrrelliinae and Rheolimnesiinae (Smit 2020), but as an exceptional case also in a subspecies of Limnesia (Limnesiinae, Gerecke 1991). Absence of Cxgl- 4 is reported for the Rheolimnesiinae which differ from the new taxon described here in the male sex in acetabula located not on, but between the genital flaps. In Tyrrelliinae, Cxgl- 4 are present and the acetabula are lying on the genital flaps in both sexes (see Goldschmidt 2004). In Epallagopodinae the acetabula are also on movable flaps in the male, but differ in the presence of Cxgl- 4 and a very long P 5. Males of all species of these three subfamilies do not have the unusual fourth leg as described below.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFA8594E5D97F949FCD9FBF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for subfamily.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFA8594E5D97F949FCD9FBF1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. sp.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFA8594E5D97F949FCD9FBF1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the thorny setae of the fourth leg.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFAB594B5D97FF69FEFAFFC1.taxon	description	Figs 1 - 2	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFAB594B5D97FF69FEFAFFC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, Rio Cuiabá, Córrego Ajuricaba, in marshy forest, 15 ° 49 ’ 16 ” S 55 ° 13 ’ 3 ” W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, November 22, 1994, leg. M. Wantzen (Senckenberg Naturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main).	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFAB594B5D97FF69FEFAFFC1.taxon	description	Description. Male: Idiosoma colour reddish, dorsally 486 long and 405 wide, ventrally 519 long. Integument soft. Idiosoma anterodorsally with a pair of postocularia platelets, 104 - 108 long and 52 - 54 wide. Posterodorsally a relatively large platelet, 96 long and 130 wide (Fig. 1 A). Besides the aforementioned platelets, four more pairs of small dorsal platelets present. Gnathosoma 110 long (Fig. 1 E). Coxae in four groups, Cx-I separated medially, Cxgl- 4 absent (Fig. 1 B). Genital field 124 long and 128 wide, with five pairs of acetabula of different size, ranging in shape from rounded to rectangular. Genital flaps bearing at outer margin 10 - 15 fine setae of moderate length, 4 in anterior and central part, the remaining posteriorly. Anterior to the genital flaps a small rounded pregenital sclerite. Vgl- 1 and- 3 between genital field and Cx-IV. Ejaculatory complex not well visible but very likely small. Posterior to the genital field a large plate with the excretory pore and Vgl- 2 and Vgl- 4, which extends onto the dorsum .. Length of P 1 - 5: 18, 84, 46, 108, 34. P 1 without setae; P 2 with three dorsal setae and one distoventral seta (short and not thickened, not on a tubercle); P 3 with three setae, two dorsally and one medially; P 4 with a small dorsal hump in proximal part, one long ventral seta associated with a pointed tubercle; P 5 with three large claws (Fig. 1 C). Shape and setation of legs as given in Figs 2 A-D, all without swimming setae. Length of I-leg- 1 - 6 (Fig. 2 A): 54, 56, 68, 88, 114, 110; length of II-leg- 1 - 6: 52, 68, 82, 110, 136, 130; length of III-leg- 2 - 6 (Fig. 2 B, lost during mounting): 62, 85, 162, 154, 163. Length of IV-leg- 1 - 6: 102, 76, 90, 90, 140, 96. IV-leg- 1 enlarged, much larger than other segments of the leg; IV-leg- 5 ventrally with four large, stout blunt setae arranged at regular distances, the distal one more slender and more curved (Fig. 2 C-D). IV-leg- 6 short and slender, inserted sub-distally, with three setae, two fine ventrally, a slightly longer one sub-distally, the latter 34 long. Female: Unknown.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFAB594B5D97FF69FEFAFFC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the unusual fourth leg: insolitus (Latin) – unusual, strange, pes – foot (Latin). Acknowledgements We are indebted to Peter Jäger (SMF) for his permission to study the material, and to Jana Grüger (SMF) for sending the material to Leiden. Reinhard Gerecke (Tübingen) sorted the material of Schwoerbel and his colleagues lodged in SMF. Dante Batista-Ribeiro acknowledges the Fundação de Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Desk Sandwich Doctorate Program (PDSE) Edital Nº 06 / 2024 for their scholarship. We thank Reinhard Gerecke and an anonymous reviewer for their comment, which improved the paper substantially.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
8412195EFFAB594B5D97FF69FEFAFFC1.taxon	description	Rosso de Ferradás, B. & Fernández, H. R. (2005) Elenco biogeografía de los Ácaros acuáticos (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) de Sudamérica. Graellsia, 61 (2), 181 – 224. Smit, H. (2020) Water mites of the world with keys to the families, subfamilies, genera and subgenera (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Monografieën van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging, 12, 1 – 774.	en	Smit, Harry, Batista-Ribeiro, Dante (2025): A new subfamily of the water mite family Limnesiidae, with the description of Spinilimnesia insolitipes n. gen. n. sp. from Brazil (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Ecologica Montenegrina 81: 22-26, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.81.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.81.3
