taxonID	type	description	language	source
841187DDFFC7FF968B31F95DFAAFFE6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Relatively large, usually dextral shells (to 200 mm in length), elongate to broadly conical. Whorls usually rounded, with moderately impressed sutures. Apex usually globose. Aperture ovate, basally expanded along columella margin, forming a channel. Columella often truncated, narrow to moderately wide and often thickened, usually with a twist or fold. Umbilicus very small or absent. Other shell features vary by genus. Chilonopsis shows the basally expanded, channelled aperture typical of the family, and the columella fold is distinct in some species. It has been placed in three subfamilies: Stenogyrinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 by Pilsbry (1905); Petriolinae Schileyko, 1998 by Schileyko (1998); and Coeliaxinae Pilsbry, 1907 by Preece et al. (2022). These subfamilies are not clearly defined conchologically and are not fully monophyletic (Fontanilla et al. 2017). We therefore refrain from assigning Chilonopsis to any subfamily.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF96888DFE5DFD3FF910.taxon	type_taxon	Type species	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF96888DFE5DFD3FF910.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Shells ovately conical to narrowly elongate; thin to moderately thick; whorls moderately convex, sometimes shouldered; protoconch with fine spiral striae of variable prominence; teleoconch sculpture of spiral and radial striae, intersecting to produce a scalloped or waved effect; suture sometimes raised into bosses of variable prominence. Lip usually only slightly expanded, not thickened; umbilicus closed or nearly so; aperture subvertical, ovate; columella obliquely truncate to subtruncate, often with a ridge or nodule.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF96888DFE5DFD3FF910.taxon	discussion	Remarks The larger St Helena snails were recognised as a separate genus, Chilonopsis by Fischer von Waldheim in 1848. The genus was placed in the Achatinidae by Fischer (1883) (as the ‘ Stenogyridae’) and further supported by Pilsbry (in Dall 1896) based on the form of the jaw and radula. Schileyko (1998) placed one species (Chilonopsis helena (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832), as Nesobia helena) in the Pachnodidae Steenberg, 1925 without explanation. He placed the other species (as Chilonopsis and Cleostyla) in the Petriolinae of the Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877 (Schileyko 1999). Subulinidae, along with Petriolinae, are now regarded as being within the Achatinidae (Bouchet et al. 2017). Similarly, Petit & Coan (2008) did not explain their listing of one species (Chilonopsis aurisvulpina) under Ferussaciidae Bourguignat, 1883. As all species share similar aspects of sculpture they are considered all to belong to the same family. Dall (1896) and Pilsbry (1904) listed two subgenera: Chilonopsis (Chilonopsis) for species possessing sutural bosses (C. aurisvulpina, C. melanioides, C. subplicatus) and Chilonopsis (Cleostyla) for more elongate species lacking bosses. These were treated as separate genera by Schileyko (1999) but given that the development of the bosses is variable and C. aurisvulpina appears more similar to C. helena in all features other than the bosses than to the other ‘ Cleostyle ’ species, we consider them to be artificial groupings and retain all species in Chilonopsis.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	description	Figs 4 a, 5 – 6, 7 a – b	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The largest Chilonopsis (height 33.1 – 48.4 mm), unique in having the body whorl angled near the shoulder and with very prominent sutural bosses. The lip is sinuous and there is usually a nodule on the parietal callus; the lip and callus are unusually thickened.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Lectotype of Auris vulpina (here designated) SAINT HELENA • shell; “ China ”; Spengler collection; NHMD- 1725954 (Fig. 5 a).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the shell figured (Fig. 5 b) by Chemnitz (1795: 287, pl. 210 figs 2086 – 2087); the description was also based on two immature specimens, which have not been located. The immature specimens were bought from the Humfredianum Museum auction in Hamburg in 1794; the auction catalogue gave their origin as Saint Helena (Holten 1802). The figured specimen was supposedly from China. We designate this specimen as the lectotype (Fig. 5 a). In addition to the type material, Spengler had a second specimen labelled “ St. Helena, 20 feet deep in the rock ” (NHMD- 1725961), this is worn, with the lip broken.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	materials_examined	Type of Melania Nonpareil Not located, Perry’s (1811) figure (Fig. 5 c) appears to be a copy of Chemnitz’s figure of Auris vulpina but he states that it was ‘ from a specimen in Mr. Lloyd’s Museum. ’ (probably William Horton Lloyd 1784 – 1849). Type of Chilonopsis sulcata Not located; ‘ St. Jago Americae meridionalis’, figured by Fischer von Waldheim (1848) (Fig. 5 d). Holotype or syntype of Bulimus relegatus SAINT HELENA • Lt. Lefroy; UMZC I. 105005 (Fig. 5 e).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	discussion	Remarks In the Robert McAndrew collection, ex W. H. Benson (Preece et al. 2022). It is unclear whether this is the holotype or a syntype: Preece et al. (2022) listed it as a syntype, but the original description gives no indication as to whether it was based on one or more specimens. This is the only specimen known to have been collected by Lefroy.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype of Bulimus auris-myoxi SAINT HELENA • no locality; ex Marguiger 1845; NMBE-WL- 19055 (Fig. 5 f). Figured by Neubert & Gosteli (2003). Syntypes of Bulimus darvinianus SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; collected by Edward Alexander; NHMUK-PI G 25274 - 5 (Fig. 5 g – h). Figured by Forbes (1852: pl. 5 fig. 1); presented by E. Alexander to Museum of Practical Geology, later transferred to NHMUK. Other material examined 20 th century specimens include one worn specimen found in 1964 (Woodward 1991). Crowley & Pain (1977) noted that none could be found in Turton’s localities by the MRAC Expedition (Flagstaff, Sugarloaf, Barn) and thought that the last remaining specimen was the one taken in 1972 by A. Loveridge at 300 m on the slopes of Bencoolen (Dry Gut), all others having been lost through erosion. However, the MRAC expedition concentrated only on recent and living animals, and the discovery of new material demonstrates that specimens can still be found. Typical form SAINT HELENA • 3 shells; coll. J. S. Phillips; ANSP MAL 330769 • 3 shells; ex T. B. Wilson; ANSP MAL 330770 • 1 broken shell; CM 62.6934 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge; ex Walton 10855; DMNH 142088 • 1 shell; FMNH 36152 • 1 shell; FMNH 48078 • 1 shell; on ridge leading to Bryan’s rock; 27 May 1963; A. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173184 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge, N coast facing E.; elev. ca 1000 ft; 30 Oct. 1963; A. and M. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173185 • 2 shells; Sugarloaf Ridge, N coast facing E; A. and M. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173186 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge from bases of Suaeda fruticosa; 30 Oct. 1963; A. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173190 • 1 shell; LIV • 2 shells; off west coast; MCZ 141183 • 10 shells; Deadwood Plain; elev. 1500 ft; 1 Feb. 1949; MCZ 203239 • 1 shell; MCZ 381633 • 1 shell; Spence, Layard and Darbyshire collections; MM • 1 shell; A. Loveridge leg.; MRAC • 6 shells; Prosperous Bay Plain; 1995; P. and M. Ashmole leg.; MSH (1 used for SEM – Fig. 7 a – b) • 1 spec.; Dry Gut; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg., MSH • 1 shell; transferred from Museum of Practical Geology, presented by E. Alexander; NHMUK-PI G 25278 • 1 shell; J. Brown collection 1860; NHMUK G 25284 - 6 • 8 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.1 - 7 • 5 shells; NHMUK 1892.2.24.10 - 5 • eggs; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.166 - 170 • 2 shells; Trechmann collection; NHMUK 2176 • 17 shells; NHMUK • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge; Tomlin collection ex Blok collection; NMW • 1 shell; Putzeys collection; RBINS: IG. 27761 - INV. 66549 • 1 shell; P. Dupuis collection ex Fulton; RBINS: IG 8907 - HIST. 5 • 5 shells; J. C. Coops leg.; Sep. 1916; RMNH. MOL. 269631 - 3 • 1 shell; Sowerby and Fulton collection (original provenance not documented); SANBI MB-A 034375 • 4 shells; SANBI MB-A 054185 • 4 shells; J. R. Tomlin leg.; UMMZ 141296 • 2 shells; USNM 104990 • 1 shell; USNM 126261 • 8 shells; USNM 703393 • 4 shells; USNM 709840 • 2 shells; USNM 713598. “ darvinianus form ” SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; FMNH 126262 a • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge, N coast facing E; elev. ca 1000 ft; 1963; A. and M. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173185 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge; 1963; A. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173190 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge; W. H. Turton leg.; Darbyshire collection; MM • 1 shell; Woodward and McAndrew collections; UMZC • 1 shell; W. H. Turton leg.; USNM 126262 • 2 shells; USNM 707830 • 4 shells; USNM 710416.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	description	Description The largest Chilonopsis (33.1 – 48.4 mm high; Table 1). Shell moderately thin, often solid in subfossil specimens. Usually ovate, sometimes narrowly ovate to elongate. 6.5 – 7 convex whorls, body whorl high shouldered, angled at shoulder and margin. Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, ornamented with 5 – 6 spiral striae, which are only distinct in the freshest specimens (Fig. 7 a). Teleoconch with low, coarse radial ridges raised into bosses at suture, overlain by fine radial ridges from second whorl. Faint spiral striae on first whorl, only distinct on the bosses, giving a granular appearance to the spire. On all other whorls these develop into strong, well separated spiral cords (Fig. 7 b). Umbilicus compressed or closed. Lip expanded and thickened, curved inwards in middle part, compressing aperture. Columella slanting, obliquely subtruncated. Parietal callus thick, usually with a recessed parietal nodule of variable prominence. Colour in the best-preserved specimens varying from whitish (probably faded) to red-brown, aperture orange-red, columella pink, parietal callus orange-red. A variable species; four varieties have been recognised by Wollaston (1878) and listed by Pilsbry (1904): Typical form – trochiform with whorls angled near the suture, coarse radial striae, umbilicus largely obscured, lip thickened, right margin bends inwards, aperture lacking nodules “ var. subspiralis ” – as typical form but with more pronounced spiral striae and weaker radial ridges, closed umbilicus, a parietal nodule within the aperture “ var. obliteratus ” – as typical form but whorls less angled, lip thinner and straighter on outer margin, umbilicus covered, a low parietal nodule deep within the aperture “ var. darvinianus ” – narrow with an elongate spire, smoother, umbilicus closed, parietal tubercle usually well developed “ Var. darvinianus ” was kept as a subspecies by Crowley & Pain (1977) as it was ‘ remarkably constant in form and size’ but varied in nodule development. All the varieties were sympatric on the Sugarloaf where they intergrade. As they were sympatric and lacked clear dividing lines none of the varieties can be maintained as a subspecies.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	distribution	Distribution Eastern third of the island (Fig. 11): behind Longwood (Blofeld 1852); all along Sugarloaf Ridge (over 30 specimens from Turton, in Smith 1892; Wollaston 1878); Flagstaff (Wollaston 1878); towards The Barn (Wollaston 1878); Dry Gut (Woodward 1991; new); ridge leading to Bryan’s Rock (FMNH 173184); Deadwood Plain (MCZ); Prosperous Bay Plain (MSH). Melliss (1875: 122) recorded it “ embedded in the surface-soil in the ravines formed by rain, on the north-eastern quarter of the Island, at altitudes from 1200 to 1700 feet above the sea. ” Both the typical variety and the rarer darvinianus form were found together on Sugarloaf, Flagstaff and Barn (Wollaston 1878). Extinct; never recorded living.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFC8FF918B59F97BFAAFF990.taxon	discussion	Remarks According to Petit & Coan (2008), Holten’s (1802) list validates Chemnitz’s non-binomial names, making Voluta auris-vulpina Holten, 1802 available. Accordingly, the correct name for this species is Chilonopsis aurisvulpina (Holten, 1802). Bulimus relegatus W. H. Benson, 1851 was synonymised with C. helena by Wollaston (1878) and this was followed by Crowley & Pain (1977) and Preece et al. (2022), however it falls within the range of variation of the “ darvinianus ” form of C. aurisvulpina. Thus, we consider it a junior synonym of C. aurisvulpina. Melliss (1875: 121) described possible live records from the late 19 th century: “ Being exceedingly anxious to discover if this creature still lived, I explored the locality very carefully, about four years ago, and enlisted the sympathies of some of the peasantry in my cause. The wife of a labouring man, living in a small cottage in the valley at the back of Longwood, assured me that she often saw them alive, and that after heavy rains they came out of the earth and fed upon the Hottentot Fig plants. Thinking she meant the common garden snail (Helix aspersa), so abundant in the same neighbourhood, I examined her on this point; but so positive was she that she had seen the real, living Bulimus auris-vulpina, and that her children had used them as playthings, which statement the children confirmed, that I felt scarcely able to doubt their existence still in a living state. Possibly some few may lurk hidden somewhere; but, considering the changes which have taken place in the physical character of that part of the Island, and that the offer of a liberal reward to my sanguine acquaintance failed to produce a living specimen, I must confess that I am still sceptical upon this point. ” Darwin (1844: 90) collected most of his specimens from the north-west side of Flagstaff Hill: “ It is very remarkable that all the shells of this species found by me in one spot, form a distinct variety, as described by Mr. Sowerby, from those procured from another locality by Mr. Seale … have shown in my Journal, that the extinction of these land-shells possibly may not be an ancient event; as a great change took place in the state of the island about 120 years ago, when the old trees died, and were not replaced by young ones, these being destroyed by the goats and hogs, which had run wild in numbers, from the year 1502. ”	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFCFFF8C8B7CF9FBFCFCFBA3.taxon	description	Figs 4 b, 8 a – e, 7 c – d	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFCFFF8C8B7CF9FBFCFCFBA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A distinctly shaped ovate Chilonopsis in having very high shouldered whorls and being the only ovate species with a distinctly produced apex; sculpture more prominently scalloped than in other species.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFCFFF8C8B7CF9FBFCFCFBA3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Syntypes of Helix helena SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; St Helena; M. Seel [= Seale]; MNHN-IM- 2000 - 4649 (Fig. 8 a). Syntypes of Bulimus fossilis SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; NHMUK PI G 25270 to NHMUK PI G 25272 (Fig. 8 b). Originally in the Museum of Practical Geology (Sowerby 1844). Syntypes of Bulimus digitale SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; “ H. Helena … = B. digitale Reeve f 208 ”; NHMUK 20240185 (Fig. 8 c). Exact matches for Reeve’s (1849) figure and description of specimens of unknown origin in the Cuming collection. Syntypes of Bulimus sealeianus SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; Sugar Loaf; E. Alexander leg.; NHMUK 1857.10. 16.33 (Fig. 8 d) • 2 shells; Sugar Loaf; E. Alexander leg.; NHMUK P G 25276 - 7. The latter transferred from the Museum of Practical Geology. Other material examined Typical form SAINT HELENA • 1 shell; FMNH 48075 • 2 shells; FMNH 48250 • 3 shells; S foot of Sugarloaf Pt, gully; 9 Jun. 1961; M. and A. Loveridge; FMNH 173187 • 24 shells; The Barn; A. Loveridge leg.; MCZ 203249 • 1 shell; Summit of the Barn; Spence and Layard collection; MM • 1 shell; Sugar Loaf 1, 0 – 30 m; “ AtlantAves ”; Aug. – Sep. 2022; MSH • 1 shell; Trechmann collection; NHMUK 2176 • 1 shell; The Barn; E. Alexander leg.; NMHUK 1857.10.16.25 • 4 shells; Melliss leg.; Fulton collection; NHMUK 1873.11.19.44 • 4 shells; Melliss leg.; NHMUK 1873.11.19.112 • 1 shell; Side Path; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2. 24.229 • 4 shells; The Barn; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.235 - 8 • 3 shells; Turks Cap Summit surface finds; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240173 (1 used in SEM – Fig. 7 c – d) • 5 shells; Sugar Loaf 1; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240175 • 3 shells; Sugar Loaf 2 SE, 0 – 30 cm: Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240176 • 1 shell; McAndrew collection ex Fulton; NHMUK • 2 shells; valley east of Bank’s; C. Lewis leg.; NHMUK • 1 shell; Tomlin collection; NMW • 1 shell; Géret 1919; P. Dupuis collection; RBINS: IG: 8907 - HIST. 3 • 1 shell; RMNH. MOL. 251844 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge; UF 564271 • 11 shells; USNM 126265 • 1 shell; USNM 197823 • 1 shell; USNM 703395 • 1 shell; ZMA. MOLL. 379088. “ sealeianus form ” SAINT HELENA • 3 shells; Sugar Loaf Hill; 600 ft; 12 Feb. 1949; Mrs A. Loveridge leg.; MCZ 203243 • 2 shells; Sugarloaf; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.18.2 - 5 • 5 shells; Sugarloaf; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.134 - 9 • 3 shells; Sugar Loaf 1,0 – 30 cm; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240177 • 55 shells; same data as for preceding; NHMUK 20240178 • 20 shells; Sugar Loaf 2 SE, 0 – 30 cm; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240179 • 5 shells; Sugar Loaf 2 SE; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240180 • 5 shells; Sugar Loaf 3; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240181 • 1 shell; Trechmann collection; NHMUK • 1 shell; J. J. McAndrew collection ex Fulton; NHMUK • 1 shell; NMW. 1955.158.27974 • 3 shells; USNM 126266.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFCFFF8C8B7CF9FBFCFCFBA3.taxon	description	Description Relatively small (height 15.1 – 22.3 mm; Table 1). Ovately conical, very rarely elongate. Thick, slightly shiny in fresh specimens. Apex rounded, projecting distinctly. 5 – 7 convex whorls, usually high-shouldered, body whorl rounded. Sutures very deeply impressed and whorls strongly shouldered near suture. Protoconch of 1.5 – 2 whorls ornamented with 8 – 10 fine spiral striae (Fig. 7 c). Teleoconch with 8 – 10 strong spiral ridges and fine, raised radial ridges. Radials bent where they cross the spirals, giving a scalloped effect (Fig. 7 d). Aperture ovate, distinctly angled at base. Lip narrowly expanded; margins united by a thick callus. Callus runs onto the scalloped sculpture, giving an irregularly serrated appearance. Columella straight. Umbilicus open, surrounded by a slight ridge. Protoconch reddish, rest of shell yellowish or pinkish to light brown with irregular zig-zag patterns of white streaks in well preserved specimens. The freshest specimens have a dark brown periostracum (NHMUK 92.2.24.18.25, 73.11.10.44). Aperture white.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFCFFF8C8B7CF9FBFCFCFBA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Restricted to the north and east of the island (Fig. 11); The Barn over 600 m above sea level to the summit (Melliss 1875; Wollaston 1878; Smith 1892); Side Path (Melliss 1875 as B. fossilis); Sugarloaf Ridge, Quarry and summit (Wollaston 1878 as B. fossilis; Smith 1892; Forbes 1898 as B. fossilis; Lewis, 2008); Turks Cap (new); Dry Gut (DG 07 – Cairns-Wicks & Lambdon 2013). The sealeianus form has only been found on the Sugar Loaf area. Extinct: “ although the shells are now dead, they appear of more recent date than the former species [most Chilonopsis] ” (Melliss 1875: 122). Only dead shells were found by Wollaston, but not all were buried: “ occurs rather abundantly on the extreme summit of the Barn, and in that immediate neighbourhood, lying loosely on the surface soil, beneath the shrubs of Salsola, & c., – where it has much the appearance of having lived at a comparatively recent period. At all events many of the examples have their colour and outer cuticle completely preserved, – though it is equally true that the majority of them are decomposed, decorticated, and colourless. ” (Wollaston 1878: 544). Smith thought it probably extinct in 1892 although he thought some may have been surviving at the time (Smith 1892). Two specimens collected by Turton in the 1880 s (NHMUK 57.10.16.25) are in perfect condition with, intact periostracal layers and appear to have been fresh when collected.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFCFFF8C8B7CF9FBFCFCFBA3.taxon	discussion	Remarks Bulimus fossilis was considered a ‘ somewhat unimportant modification’ of C. helena by Wollaston (1878) and synonymised with this species by Smith (1892), along with B. sealeianus. Crowley & Pain (1977) also included as synonyms B. digitatus Reeve, 1849 and B. relegatus W. H. Benson, 1851, which are regarded here as synonyms of C. aurisvulpina. Bulimus sealeianus is a recognisable form, partially separated in the principal component analysis (Fig. 3) but intergrades with typical C. helena, it differs in being straight-sided, not shouldered; narrower; an aperture forming 55 – 60 % of shell height, rather than less than 55 %; and a more evenly rounded base to the aperture. Crowley & Pain (1977) suspected NMW. 1955.158.27974 to be a distinct species but the range of specimens examined here shows it to fall withing the range of variation of the present species.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD2FF8A8B36FB14FA9FFE02.taxon	description	Figs 4 c, 9 a – c	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD2FF8A8B36FB14FA9FFE02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Not located, collected by J. H. Blofeld, “ in a reddish clay or loam on the side of a hill overlooking the “ Briars ” in the cutting of the road from James Town to Longwood, about 1200 feet above the sea-level ” (Blofeld 1852). Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 1 shell; Captain Geoge Grey leg.; NHMUK 1841.4.19.734 • 1 shell; 1840; Dr J. Hooker leg.; NHMUK 1868.12.26.1 • 1 shell; J. C. Melliss leg.; NHMUK 1873.11.19.43 • 1 shell; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.219 - 223 • 1 shell; Tomlin collection; NMW. 1955.158.27974 • 2 shells; sidepath road, above the Briars; 1200 ft; W. H. Turton leg.; Pain collection; NMW. 1981.118 • 7 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; USNM 126263.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD2FF8A8B36FB14FA9FFE02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A uniquely evenly ovate Chilonopsis with a broadly expanded body whorl; columella simple but distinctly curved on the left margin.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD2FF8A8B36FB14FA9FFE02.taxon	description	Description A large species (height 25.9 – 30.2 mm; Table 1). Ovate conical. Thin. Apex acute. 5 – 6 convex whorls, body whorl ovate, widest at mid-point from apex to base of aperture. Sutures deep, slightly impressed. Protoconch of 1.5 – 2 whorls, with at least one indistinct spiral stria (all specimens are worn so probably more striae were present). Teleoconch with fine transverse striae, one faint spiral stria visible on the first whorl (probably more were present). Aperture ovate, angled below. Lip very narrowly expanded at base. Margins joined by a palatal callus of variable thickness. Columella vertical; left margin curved, not obscuring umbilicus (Fig. 9 c). Umbilicus open, narrow. All specimens are bleached and worn, lacking any trace of original colour and details of sculpture are eroded.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD2FF8A8B36FB14FA9FFE02.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from Side Path (Fig. 11). Very common according to Turton (in Smith 1892). Probably extinct by 1852 as Blofeld recorded only buried shells. All specimens seen are bleached subfossils.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 15 C 89 CAB-ED 18 - 4 EFC- 9 B 26 - 805 DFB 4 FF 0 BB Figs 4 d, 7 e – f, 9 d – f	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis A moderately elongate Chilonopsis with an evenly lanceoloid shape. Adults with fewer whorls than other Chilonopsis (4.5 – 5.25 mm compared to 5.0 – 9.0 mm). Teleoconch sculpture with distinctively wavy radial striae, not as prominent as the scalloped radials of C. helena. The only non-elongate Chilonopsis with a columellar ridge.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named due to its lanceoloid shape, which is unique in the St Helena terrestrial mollusc fauna.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SAINT HELENA • adult shell; Sandy Bay PG 1 valley toward Potato Gut, surface finds; 15 ° 59 ′ 54.3 ″ S, 5 ° 42 ′ 42.7 ″ W; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240171. Paratypes SAINT HELENA • 1 subadult, 4 juvenile shells; same data as for holotype; NHMUK 20240172. Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 6 shells (3 adults, 2 subadult, 1 broken); Castle Rock Plain (GB 882 SH); 1995; P. and M. Ashmole leg.; MSH (1 used in SEM – Fig. 7 e).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	description	Description Relatively small (height 15.9 – 21.3 mm; Table 1). Ovately conical to lanceoloid. Thin. Apex obtuse. 4.5 – 5.25 moderately convex whorls; no trace of shouldering. Body whorl ovate, widest below mid-point from apex to base of aperture. Sutures shallowly impressed, very slight bossing apparent (Fig. 7 e). Protoconch of 1.25 – 1.75 whorls ornamented with 7 – 12 fine spiral striae (Fig. 7 e). Teleoconch ornamented with 6 indistinct spiral striae, largely obscured by fine wavy radial striae and coarse radial growth lines. The overlapping of the radial and spiral striae creates a fine scalloped pattern (Fig. 7 e). Aperture ovate, rounded at base (angled in subadult). Lip very narrowly and evenly expanded, not thickened, reflected onto umbilicus. Margins joined by a thin, shiny parietal callus. Columella oblique, thickened at insertion and forming a low ridge with a concavity on its surface (Fig. 9 f); slightly pressed over umbilicus. Umbilicus open, narrow. All shells bleached but white zig-zag markings are visible on the spire, fading but still detectable onto the body whorl.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the south of St Helena (Fig. 11): Sandy Bay and Castle Rock Plain.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD4FF8B8B3BFD8AFC39FDE4.taxon	discussion	Remarks Closely resembles C. blofeldi; both species lacking apertural thickenings and being superficially similar in shape, but the present species is smaller and wider (maximum length 21.3 mm compared to 25.9 mm for the smallest C. blofeldi and height / diameter 1.51 – 1.76 compared to 1.68 – 2.04), and is more evenly lanceoloid in shape. The presence of a slightly expanded lip and parietal callus demonstrates that C. lanceoloideus sp. nov. are not merely immature C. blofeldi. The present taxon differs from C. blofeldi in size; having a rounded apex; having less convex whorls, the widest part of the shell below the mid-point from apex to base of aperture; shallower sutures and a rounded base to the aperture; a slightly expanded lip; angled columella with a low vertical ridge and slight depression.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	description	Figs 4 e, 10 a	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Smallest of the two ovately elongate Chilonopsis (17.2 – 21.5 mm compared to 29.0 – 31.5 mm); differs from C. subtruncatus in having a less flared aperture and, well developed sculpture. The wrinkled radial striae on the teleoconch are unique and give an irregular scalloping effect.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Possible holotype of Chlionopsis exulatus SAINT HELENA • UMZC I. 105095 (Fig. 10 a).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	discussion	Remarks Reeve (1849) states it was collected by Lieut. Lefroy. Reeve’s description of a specimen in the Benson collection does not enable any particular specimen to be identified. The figure (Reeve 1849: pl. 78 fig. 572) appears to show a more striped shell than the UMZC specimen, but this may have faded. It is impossible to be certain that this is the holotype, although it is the only specimen known to be associated with Benson.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 1 shell; ANSP 69979 • 1 shell; Sugarloaf Ridge, N coast facing E; A. Loveridge leg.; FMNH 173183 • 4 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1893.2.24.171 - 5 • 1 shell; Trechmann collection; NHMUK 2176 • 1 shell; W. H. Turton leg.; Tomlin collection; NMW • 5 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; USNM 126267.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	description	Description A small species (height 17.2 – 21.5 mm; Table 1). Shell elongately ovate, thin. Apex rounded, projecting. 6.5 – 7 convex whorls, first 4 slowly widening, the rest very rapidly widening and less convex. Whorls very narrowly shouldered, sutures impressed. Protoconch of 1.5 – 2 whorls, ornamented with 6 – 8 very fine spiral striae, usually indistinct at apex. Teleoconch with irregular growth-lines and wrinkled radial ridges, crossed by spiral striae. Aperture ovate. Lip thin, very narrowly expanded, flaring at base. Columella short, with a prominent internal fold, truncate at base. Umbilicus closed. Fresh shells glossy, off-white to pale grey with white markings. Apical 3 whorls yellowish. Surface very glossy.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD5FF898B35FDEFFD39FE4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution Restricted to the north of the island (Fig. 11); recorded from Sugarloaf Ridge (Smith 1892) and Side Path (Melliss 1875). Melliss had them only from surface-soil (1875) but some of Turton’s 1884 – 86 specimens appear to be fresh, being shiny and pigmented.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD7FF868B7DFE34FE01F97B.taxon	description	Figs 4 f, 10 b	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD7FF868B7DFE34FE01F97B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The larger of two elongately ovate species of Chilonopsis (29.0 – 31.5 mm compared to 17.2 – 21.5 mm). Sculpture reduced; aperture distinctly flared at base.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD7FF868B7DFE34FE01F97B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Lectotype (here designated) SAINT HELENA • shell; Side Path; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.224 - 8 (Fig. 10 b). One of the syntypes marked as a holotype, corresponding to the specimen measured by Smith (1892) although no holotype was designated. We designate this specimen as the lectotype. Paralectotypes (here designated) SAINT HELENA • 4 shells; same data as for lectotype; NHMUK 1892.2.24.224 - 8. Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 1 shell; ANSP 69868 • 2 shells; Sugarloaf Point; ex Jackson 10856; DMNH 148893 • 1 shell; Géret 1919; P. Dupuis collection; RBINS: IG: 8907 - HIST. 6 • 1 shell (broken subadult); Castle Rock Plain (GB 882 SH); 1995; P. and M. Ashmole leg.; MSH • 1 shell; Tomlin collection; NMW. 1955.158 • 1 shell; Side Path; W. H. Turton leg.; Pain collection; NMW. 1981.118.04854 • 2 shells; USNM 126264.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD7FF868B7DFE34FE01F97B.taxon	description	Description A large species (height 29.0 – 31.5 mm; Table 1). Elongately ovate. Apex conical, slightly projecting. 7 slightly convex whorls, suture deep. Protoconch of 2 whorls with fine spiral striae, usually very faint. Teleoconch with fine growth-lines and very shallow radial striae, crossed by sparse, shallow spiral striae. Aperture ovate to slightly auricular. Lip thin, very slightly expanded, distinctly flaring slightly toward base, margins united by a thin callus. Columella oblique with a vertical ridge. Last whorl obliquely sloping, but slightly ascending to the lip. Lip thin, slightly spreading or expanded in front. Umbilicus closed. All specimens bleached white, mostly heavily worn. Oblique white streaks very faintly visible around the middle of each whorl and just above the sutures.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD7FF868B7DFE34FE01F97B.taxon	distribution	Distribution All but one specimen from the north of the island (Fig. 11): Side Path (Smith 1892) and Sugarloaf Point (DMNH). One shell from Castle Rock Plain in the south (MSH). Shells were common in 1884 – 86 but already extinct (Smith 1892).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD7FF868B7DFE34FE01F97B.taxon	discussion	Remarks Very similar to C. exulatus but larger, more fusiform, columella less truncate, similar oblique intersecting opaque-white markings.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD8FF84888DF94DFAAFFD98.taxon	description	Figs 4 g, 7 g – h, 10 c – d	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD8FF84888DF94DFAAFFD98.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The only fusiform Chilonopsis; spiral striae on the base coarser than in other species; columellar ridge distinctively concave.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD8FF84888DF94DFAAFFD98.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Type of Cochlicopa subplicata Not located, collected by Charles Darwin, Flagstaff hill (Darwin 1836). Type of Cochlicopa terebellum Not located, collected by Charles Darwin, Flagstaff hill (Darwin 1836); said to be in the collection of Charles Lyell (Forbes 1852), figured by Forbes (1852) (Fig. 10 c). The Darwin specimens have not been located in the Lyell collections of the Oxford University Museum or the NHMUK (J. Ablett, E. Howlett, C. Sendino pers. com.). Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; ANSP MAL 69938 • 1 shell; MCZ 381472 • 18 shells; Castle Rock Plain (GB 882 SH); 1995; P. and M. Ashmole leg.; MSH (1 used in SEM) • 1 shell; Flagstaff Hill; E. W. Alexander leg.; NHMUK 1857.10. 16.34 • 5 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.176 - 181 • 1 shell; A. J. Piele collection; NHMUK 2242 • 3 shells; Sandy Bay PG 1 valley toward Potato Gut, surface finds; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240182 • 3 shells; burrow 100 m NE of Olsen site A, Sandy Bay; Aug. – Sep. 2022; “ AtlantAves ” leg.; NHMUK 20240183 • 1 shell; above Potato Bay; 1981; D. G. Llewellyn leg.; 1981; NHMUK • 1 shell; W. H. Turton leg.; Tomlin collection; NMW • 3 shells; Tomlin collection; UMMZ 141297 • 6 shells; USNM 126270.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD8FF84888DF94DFAAFFD98.taxon	description	Description A relatively small species (height 17.0 – 25.4 mm; Table 1). Elongately fusiform. Apex flat. 5.5 – 7 very slightly convex whorls. Protoconch of 1.5 whorls ornamented with 5 very fine spiral striae. Teleoconch with fine spiral striae on first three whorls, interrupted by radial ridges; coarse spiral ridges on lower half of each whorl, visible just above suture and on body whorl. Strong radial ridges on all whorls, sinuous at the sutures and where they cross the spiral striae. Semi-regular radial ridges forming raised bosses at suture on 3 rd – 6 th whorls; body whorl of large adults smooth. Body whorl slightly angled at margin. Aperture distinctly slanting, ovate, becoming broadened and with a flaring lip in fully mature individuals (“ C. terebellum ”). The outer lip is simple, margins joined by a thin parietal callus. Columella dilated, twisted in middle, forming a concavity. Umbilicus very narrow. Grey-brown to reddish with white mottling and diagonal streaks markings, sutural bosses white. Apex usually reddish.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD8FF84888DF94DFAAFFD98.taxon	distribution	Distribution Widespread (Fig. 11). Published material is restricted to the north of the island; Flagstaff Hill (Darwin 1836), Sugarloaf Ridge (Smith 1892); Side Path (between Jamestown and Longwood, side of the hill overlooking the Briars – Wollaston 1878). New material collected from the south of the island: Sandy Bay (new). Chilonopsis terebellum only recorded from Flagstaff Hill (Darwin 1836) and Sugarloaf Ridge (NHMUK 1892.2.24.176 – 181). Considered extinct in 1892 (Smith 1892), although some of Turton’s specimens from 1884 – 86 were fresh.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFD8FF84888DF94DFAAFFD98.taxon	discussion	Remarks Bulimus terebellum was synonymised with C. subplicatus by Smith (1892), a lead followed by Germain (1931), whereas Pilsbry (1904: 179) retained var. terebellum Sowerby as a larger, smoother form with a more expanded aperture; these differences can mostly be attributed to different stage of maturity and some samples (e. g., MSH and NHMUK 1892.2.24.176 – 181) include both forms from the same locality.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDAFF858B68FDE0FD92FC7F.taxon	description	Figs 4 h, 10 e	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDAFF858B68FDE0FD92FC7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The most elongate Chilonopsis (mean height / diameter 3.12 compared to 1.31 – 2.79) with the most whorls (7.5 – 9.0 compared to 4.5 – 7.0); sutures distinctively wavy. Low irregular sutural bosses present and teleoconch sculpture irregular and coarse.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDAFF858B68FDE0FD92FC7F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Syntypes of Subulina melanioides SAINT HELENA • 1 shell; Lowe-Wollaston collection; ANSP 97326 (Fig. 10 e) • 3 shells; NHMUK 1896.42.197 • 1 shell; RMNH. MOL. 269649. Wollaston described the species based on all the specimens collected by Mrs Wollaston, himself and Mr P. Whitehead mid-way between Actaeon and Diana’s Peak. Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 2 radula slides (presumably extracted from ANSP 97326); ANSP 69937 • 2 shells; DMNH 184024 • 1 shell; FMNH 76902 • 1 shell; Diana’s Peak; 2000 feet; W. H. Turton leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.204 - 8 • Diana’s Peak; presented by G. T. Angas; NHMUK 1878.5.23.1 • 1 shell; J. Ponsonby, Suter collection; NMNZ M. 209881 • 1 shell; Diana’s Peak; elev. over 2000 feet; W. H. Turton leg.; Tomlin collection; NMW • 1 shell; P. Dupuis collection ex Fulton; RBINS: IG: 8907 - HIST. 4 • 3 shells; Ponsonby collection; UMMZ 141295 • 3 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; USNM 197822, 126269.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDAFF858B68FDE0FD92FC7F.taxon	description	Description A long species (height 23.8 – 24.8 mm; Table 1). Elongately conical. Shell moderately thick. Apex acute. 7.5 – 9 slightly convex whorls. Body whorl with a distinct, low carina just below the margin. Sutures deep, wavy. Protoconch of 1 whorl with faint traces of spiral striae. Teleoconch with fine spiral striae crossed by coarse radial ridges, forming a coarse scalloping pattern. Spirals clearest at middle and lower half of each whorl. Irregular very widely spaced low bosses present at the sutures. Aperture narrowly ovate, slightly oblique. Lip narrow, simple, margins joined by a very thin palatal callus. Columella vertical, with a prominent oblique fold, truncated at base. Umbilicus almost completely covered. Most specimens are fresh with the periostracum intact: apical 1.5 whorls yellowish, rest dark red-brown to black, with irregular ochre streaks on the sutural bosses extending to near the margin of each whorl.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDAFF858B68FDE0FD92FC7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from Diana’s Peak (Fig. 11) over 600 m above sea level (Turton in Smith 1892) and between Mt Actaeon and Diana’s Peak (Wollaston 1878).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDAFF858B68FDE0FD92FC7F.taxon	discussion	Remarks A single live animal and fresh shells were recorded in 1878 (Wollaston 1878). Reports of it being extant after this date (Smith 1892; Germain 1931) are both in reference to the original description rather than evidence of continued survival. Wollaston (1878: 551) described the habitat in which they found the specimens: “ … though a single living example which was secured by Mr. P. Whitehead in an immediately adjoining locality sufficed abundantly to indicate the modus vivendi of the species, – it having been taken at the roots of one of the damp masses of intermingled moss and grass which pad the base of the perpendicular rocks formed by the excavation of what is known as the ‘ Cabbage-Tree Road’. There can be little doubt, consequently, that the S. melanoides will be ascertained to occur in humid places generally along the northern slopes of the ridge below Diana’s Peak. ”	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDBFF828B40FC41FB89FCC6.taxon	description	Figs 4 i, 10 f – i	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDBFF828B40FC41FB89FCC6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The only conical Chilonopsis; shell thinner than in other species; sutures very shallowly impressed; sculpture very weakly developed.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDBFF828B40FC41FB89FCC6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Syntypes of Bulimulus turtoni SAINT HELENA • 1 juv. shell; ex Museum of Economic Geology; NHMUK 1860.1. 23.50 • 1 adult shell; ex Museum of Economic Geology; NHMUK 1860.1. 23.49 • 10 adult, 2 juv. shells; near High Peak; Capt. Turton R. E. leg.; NHMUK 1892.2.24.209 - 218 (Fig. 10 f – h). The main syntype series were collected by Turton but Smith’s description also includes the specimens then in the Museum of Economic Geology (NHMUK 1860.1.23.49 – 50), collected by E. Alexander and donated by Forbes, this collection later became part of NHMUK. Forbes (1852: 3) referred to these specimens as “ an existing undescribed species found by Mr. Alexander feeding on the cabbage-trees only on the highest points of the island. ” Other material examined SAINT HELENA • 2 shells; ANSP MAL 69936 • 4 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; Melvill-Tomlin collection; NMW. 1955.158.27975 • 1 shell; W. H. Turton leg.; Pain collection; NMW. 1981.118.04853 • 1 shell; Géret 1919; P. Dupuy collection; RBINS: IG: 8907 - HIST. 7 • 3 shells; Ponsonby collection; UMMZ 141298 • 5 shells; W. H. Turton leg.; USNM 126268.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDBFF828B40FC41FB89FCC6.taxon	description	Description A relatively small species (height 14.7 – 18.4 mm; Table 1). Shell conical, thin, glossy. Apex rounded, produced. 7 slightly convex whorls, body whorl evenly rounded. Sutures very shallowly impressed. Protoconch of 2 whorls with faint spiral striae. Teleoconch with oblique growth-lines and low ridges, crossed by low, indistinct spiral ridges. Aperture ovate, acuminate above. Lip not expanded; margins united by a thin, shiny callus. Columella truncate, upper margin narrowly reflexed, with a small fold or nodule on the middle. Umbilicus open, narrow. All specimens are fresh with periostracum intact: dark to mid-brown, with irregular oblique white streaks and spots, often interrupted. Streaks may be fine or broad, some deflected into a zig-zag pattern. One specimen ochre with indistinct darker streaking and a dark brown columella (Fig. 10 i).	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
841187DDFFDBFF828B40FC41FB89FCC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution High Peak (Turton in Smith 1892) (Fig. 11). Last recorded alive in 1884 – 86 when Turton reported it as living in native vegetation (Smith 1892), and his specimens are mostly recent.	en	Gerlach, Justin, Griffiths, Owen, Hume, Julian P., Louchart, Antoine, Sorrel, Philippe, Cairns-Wicks, Rebecca (2025): Diversity of the extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1007: 176-210, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1007.3007, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3007/13499
