taxonID	type	description	language	source
8B7E425BFF8020150AFDAFECAFD3F7C5.taxon	description	1. Crassulaceae	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8020150AFDAFECAFD3F7C5.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 4).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8020150AFDAFECAFD3F7C5.taxon	type_taxon	Type: — Cotyledon Linnaeus (1753: 429), nom. cons. (Turland et al. 2025: Art. 10.10).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8020150AFDAFECAFD3F7C5.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial, sometimes biennial or multi-annual, hapaxanthic, or rarely annual, herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, or rarely small, somewhat to distinctly woody trees. Leaves decussate or more rarely in whorls of three or alternate, succulent, flat, sometimes folded or terete, sometimes densely white-waxy-pruinose or variously hairy, persistent or deciduous; margins crenate, dentate, or entire. Flowers tetramerous or pentamerous, often colourful, showy, erect, spreading, or pendent. Petals substantially or weakly united into a tube; corolla tube generally exceeding corolla lobes in length. Stamens twice as many as petals. Seeds small, often dust-like, costate.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8020150AFDAFECAFD3F7C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Southern Africa [Adromischus, Tylecodon]; southern, south-tropical, and east Africa, to the Arabian Peninsula [Cotyledon]; Madagascar, some Indian Ocean islands, sub-Saharan and north Africa, to the Near, Middle, and Far East [Kalanchoe]. Some species and nothospecies of Kalanchoe and Cotyledon have become naturalised in several mild-climate parts of the world (Smith et al. 2021, Smith 2023, Gallo & Smith 2024).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8620120AFDAF57A8ECFD5D.taxon	description	1.1 Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae]	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8620120AFDAF57A8ECFD5D.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8620120AFDAF57A8ECFD5D.taxon	type_taxon	Type: — Cotyledon Linnaeus (1753: 429), nom. cons., i. e., as for Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae (Turland et al. 2025: Art. 10.10).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8620120AFDAF57A8ECFD5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Taxa included in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Cotyledoneae as circumscribed here differ from taxa included in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae by the flowers being pentamerous, not tetramerous (as found in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae), and by the leaves being persistent or deciduous, while those of representatives of Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae are persistent.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8620120AFDAF57A8ECFD5D.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, or rarely tree-like. Leaves decussate or more rarely in whorls of three or alternate, succulent, flat, sometimes folded or terete, sometimes densely white-waxy-pruinose or variously hairy, persistent or deciduous; margins crenate, dentate, or entire. Flowers pentamerous, often colourful, showy, erect, spreading, or pendent. Petals substantially or weakly united into a tube; corolla tube generally exceeding corolla lobes in length. Stamens twice as many as petals. Seeds small, often dust-like, costate.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8620120AFDAF57A8ECFD5D.taxon	discussion	Nomenclatural note: — Crassulaceae tr. Cotyledoneae is not to be interpreted as the autonymic tribe of the subfamily because autonyms do not exist above the rank of genus (Turland et al. 2025: 230, ‘ Glossary’). Taxonomic notes: — Dumortier (1829: 38) (see above under ‘ Taxa excluded, based on the concept of Dumortier (1829: 38): — ’) followed a very broad concept of Crassulaceae tr. Cotyledonoideae. Maire (1977: 269 – 292), too, implemented a not entirely dissimilar very broad circumscription of Cotyledon and treated Pistorinia Candolle (1828: 399), Umbilicus Candolle (1801: 1), and Mucizonia (Candolle 1828: 399) Battandier & Trabut (1905: 131, 133, 441) at the rank of subgenus under Cotyledon. Following Smith & Monro (2024: 296), taxa included in Pistorinia, Umbilicus, and Mucizonia — that is, if the genera are upheld at all; for example Mucizonia is most often included in the synonymy of Sedum Linnaeus (1753: 430) — are here excluded from Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	description	1.2 Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae]	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	description	(Fig. 4).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	type_taxon	Type: — Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Turland et al. 2025: Art. 10.9).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	description	Later isonym with no nomenclatural status: — Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae ’ t Hart (1995: 167). Designation not validly published: — “ Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae ” (listed by Maire 1977: 251, discussed in Smith 2020), nom. inval. (Turland et al. 2025: Art. 41.5).	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Taxa included in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Kalanchoeae differ from taxa included in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Cotyledoneae by the flowers being tetramerous, not pentamerous (as found in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Cotyledoneae), and by the leaves being persistent, while those of representatives of Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae] tr. Cotyledoneae are persistent or deciduous.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial, sometimes biennial or multi-annual hapaxanthic, or rarely annual, herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, or rarely small, somewhat to distinctly woody trees. Leaves decussate or more rarely in whorls of three or alternate, succulent, flat, sometimes folded or terete, sometimes densely white-waxy-pruinose or variously hairy, persistent; margins crenate, dentate, or entire. Flowers tetramerous, rarely aberrantly up to heptamerous, often colourful, showy, erect, spreading, or pendent. Petals substantially or weakly united into a tube; corolla tube generally exceeding corolla lobes in length. Stamens twice as many as petals. Seeds small, often dust-like, costate.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
8B7E425BFF8720110AFDAD18A90BFC19.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic notes: — When ’ t Hart (1995: 167) published the later isonym Crassulaceae tr. Kalanchoeae he included it in subfam. Sedoideae Berger (1930: 384). Crassulaceae tr. Kalanchoeae as circumscribed here belongs in Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae.	en	Smith, Gideon F., Monro, Anna M. (2025): A new tribal classification of Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae: separating Kalanchoe from Adromischus, Cotyledon, and Tylecodon. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 55-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.6
