identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
915387B39048F9163A23C2E6FB95541F.text	915387B39048F9163A23C2E6FB95541F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fernandina	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Fernandina and Isabela  cluster</p>
            <p> Populations from these two islands are considered to form a single cluster based on microsatellite loci data. They also form a cluster in the RADseq tree and are closely related in the SNP–PCA. We therefore consider these populations to belong to a single subspecies which shows distinct morphological differences to all other subspecies. As  Fernandina is the type locality of  A. cristatus , this cluster is the nominal subspecies A. c.  cristatus , with junior synonyms A. c.  ater and A. c. albemariensis (see justification and nomenclatural consequences below). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B39048F9163A23C2E6FB95541F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B39048F9163A23C418FBFB556A.text	915387B39048F9163A23C418FBFB556A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genovesa cluster	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genovesa cluster</p>
            <p> The two included specimens are a cluster in the RADseq tree. SNP data suggest the  Genovesa cluster is related to those from  Marchena and  Pinta , but it is separated by SNP–PC3, has different dominant mitochondrial haplotypes and appears to be morphologically quite distinct from all other populations. We therefore consider the  Genovesa cluster as a separate subspecies, A. c.  nanus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B39048F9163A23C418FBFB556A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B39048F9113A23C635FD69576B.text	915387B39048F9113A23C635FD69576B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marchena cluster	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Marchena cluster</p>
            <p> Closely related in SNP–PCA to A. c. sielmanni from  Pinta . Also shares mitochondrial haplotypes, and only rather weakly differentiated morphologically from  Pinta specimens. To ensure consistency among subspecies delimitation and microsatellite loci clustering, and considering that the RADseq tree does not support a cluster of (  Pinta +  Marchena ), we here suggest considering the  Marchena population as a new subspecies A. c. hayampi subspec. nov., but we are aware that future studies might reveal this population to be better classified as A. c. sielmanni along with the  Pinta population, and this nomen to become a junior synonym of sielmanni. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B39048F9113A23C635FD69576B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B39048F9163A23C5E9FB81563D.text	915387B39048F9163A23C5E9FB81563D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pinta cluster	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pinta cluster</p>
            <p> RADseq data place the included specimens as cluster closely related to the clusters from  Genovesa and, especially,  Marchena . We here consider this unit as subspecies A. c. sielmanni. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B39048F9163A23C5E9FB81563D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B3904FF9103A31C694FE36574D.text	915387B3904FF9103A31C694FE36574D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santa Cruz	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Santa Cruz cluster</p>
            <p> Samples are close to each other in SNP–PCA, although they do not form a cluster in the RADseq tree. These iguanas are also characterized by mitochondrial haplotypes exclusive to the island and are morphologically well differentiated from most other island clusters, except for Rábida,  Marchena and  Pinta . We consider this cluster, which also includes specimens from Seymour Norte, as A. c. hassi. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B3904FF9103A31C694FE36574D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B3904EF9133A23C691FD765674.text	915387B3904EF9133A23C691FD765674.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santiago cluster	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Santiago cluster</p>
            <p> The two included samples do not form a cluster in the RADseq tree but are close to each other in the SNPPCA. Morphologically well differentiated from most other islands except Rábida,  Marchena and  Pinta . Here described as A. c. wikelskii subsp. nov. This subspecies probably also occurs on Rábida and Pinzón, which were included in the same microsatellite loci cluster (inconclusively in the case of Pinzón). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B3904EF9133A23C691FD765674	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B3904DF9123A31C63EFD08546A.text	915387B3904DF9123A31C63EFD08546A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Floreana	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Floreana and Española  cluster</p>
            <p>Populations from these two islands form a single cluster in the microsatellite loci analysis. They also are closely related in SNP–PCA and form a cluster in the RADseq tree, but specimens from the two islands are not reciprocally monophyletic in the RADseq tree. We therefore consider specimens from both islands as belonging to a single subspecies for which the name A. c. venustissimus is available, and which is morphologically highly divergent from all other subspecies.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B3904DF9123A31C63EFD08546A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B3904DF91339A9C6E3FAAC563A.text	915387B3904DF91339A9C6E3FAAC563A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santa Fe	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Santa Fé cluster</p>
            <p> Sister to the  Floreana /Española cluster in the RADseq tree, but distinguished from it in the SNP–PCA. Despite sharing the most common mitochondrial haplotype, overall the  Santa Fé specimens appear to have in their majority different haplotypes than the  Floreana /Española ones. No morphological data of  Santa Fé specimens are available. We describe the  Santa Fé populations as A. c. trillmichi subsp. nov. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B3904DF91339A9C6E3FAAC563A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B3904CF90D399BC680FD3250F9.text	915387B3904CF90D399BC680FD3250F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wolf cluster	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Wolf cluster</p>
            <p> Specimens from  Wolf form a cluster in the RADseq tree and cluster separately from most other islands except Roca Redonda in the SNP–PCA. This population has affinities to A. c.  cristatus from  Fernandina and Isabela as suggested by SNP–PCA and mitochondrial haplotypes, but female specimens from  Wolf show a weak morphological differentiation despite low sample size. We describe the  Wolf population as A. c. jeffreysi subsp. nov., and furthermore include in this subspecies the population from Roca Redonda in a preliminary way, based on its placement by the SNP–PCA. Once morphological data from Roca Redonda become available, the identity of this population should be re-evaluated. We also include in this same subspecies the population from Darwin in a preliminary way because of (1) affinities in the SNP–PCA, (2) sharing of the only Darwin non-exclusive mtDNA haplotype with  Wolf specimens, (3) morphological similarities and (4) biogeographic affinities given that both Darwin and  Wolf located in the north of the Galápagos archipelago, geographically isolated from other islands. More morphological data for appropriately sexed specimens are needed to test this taxonomic hypothesis. </p>
            <p>TAXONOMIC REVISION</p>
            <p>We here follow the rationale of MacLeod et al. (2015a) to consider the evolutionary divergence among populations of Galápagos marine iguanas insufficient to warrant a status of separate species for any of them.</p>
            <p> Therefore, all marine iguanas are classified in a single species,  A. cristatus , subdivided into 11 subspecies: </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B3904CF90D399BC680FD3250F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B39053F90C385FC1C0FC035177.text	915387B39053F90C385FC1C0FC035177.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyrhynchus cristatus Bell 1825	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> CRISTATUS BELL, 1825</p>
            <p>(FIGS 5G–N, 7)</p>
            <p> Iguana (A[mblyrhynchus])  Ater Gray, 1831 . Holotype. Type locality: ‘From the Galápagos’. Specimen not located (according Frost &amp; Etheridge, 2012) and here considered to be lost. Synonymy by Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2: 185. </p>
            <p> 
Amblyrhynchus cristatus albemarlensis 
EiblEibesfeldt, 1962 . Holotype: SMF 64179. Type locality: ‘ Insel  Albemarle’ [= Isla Isabela]. No paratypes. </p>
            <p> Holotype: OUMNH 6176. Type locality: allegedly Mexico: ‘Habitat in Mexico (…) Sent from mexico by Mr. Bullock’ (Bell, 1825: 204). Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1956: 88) designated as new ‘Terra typica’ the island of ‘Narborough’ [= Isla  Fernandina ]. No paratypes. </p>
            <p> Specimens examined (N = 30): Isabela: SFM 64179, coll. by I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt in 1957, Elisabeth Bay (holotype of A. c. albemarlensis and neotype of Iguana  ater , stuffed specimen; see nomenclatural acts below). CAS 11253–11260, coll. by R.H. Beck in 1906, Iguana Cove. CAS 11311, 11313, 11314, coll. by J.R. Slevin and E.S. King in 1906, vicinity of Tagus Cove. CAS 65996– 65998, coll. by H. Moffitt in 1905, Tagus Cove. Tortuga (off Isabela): CAS 10284–10289, coll. by J.R. Slevin in 1905, no exact locality.  Fernandina : HLMD-RA-3067, coll. by G. Scheer in 1954. CAS 11510–11514, coll. by J.R. Slevin and E.S. King in 1906, no exact locality. SFM 57401, 57402, coll. by I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt in 1957, NE coast of the island, Punta Espinosa. Unknown island: OUMNH 6176 (holotype of A. c.  cristatus ). </p>
            <p> Comment on type locality of  A. cristatus Bell, 1825 : Ascertaining the plausibility of the designation (emendation) of the type locality of this nomen by Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1956) is complex. Before 1825, few expeditions took place to the Galápagos, such as the 1789– 1794 Malaspina expedition and the 1793 expedition by James Colnett. However, whaling ships regularly visited the archipelago, and one of these, the Thames, visited  Fernandina in 1806 (Langdon, 1984). For the sake of economy in classificatory change, we therefore here follow the type locality emendation of Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1956), given that the provenance of the type specimen of  A. cristatus from  Fernandina is a definite possibility. </p>
            <p> Designation of a neotype for  I. ater Gray, 1831 : In A synopsis of the species of Class  Reptilia, Gray (1831) gave only very rudimentary details about the material he examined to describe this new species. He nevertheless mentioned in the introduction, the specimens he personally examined: ‘In forming this list, the collection of reptiles of the British Museum, the College of Surgeons, and of Mr. Bell, in London, of the Gardens of Plants and Ecole de Medecine at Paris, of the Royal Museum of Leyden and Berlin, and the Free Town of Francfort, have been studied with attention (…)’. Later, Duméril &amp; Bibron (1837: 197) will likely be the only other scientists having had the opportunity to study the type material examined by Gray, stating that ‘Amblyrhincus ater. Gray’ [sic]: ‘C’est encore une espèce qui n’est connue des naturalistes que part un seul sujet qui fait partie des richesses erpétologiques que renferme le musée britannique’ [this is also a species which is known to naturalists only by a single subject, part of the herpetological treasures held at the British museum]. Such a statement clearly confirms that (1) only a single specimen has been examined by Gray and that (2) it was at that time deposited in the collection of the British Museum (now NHM). To our knowledge, this specimen has never been examined by subsequent authors. Examination of the type catalogue at the NHM did not yield any explicit mentions of this type specimen, and we did not find any specimen in the collection that could be regarded as type of  ater . Apparently, all the catalogued marine iguanas in the NHM were collected at least several decades after the original description, in accordance with the statement made by Frost &amp; Etheridge in 2012 who cautiously considered the original type material as ‘not located’. </p>
            <p> Two specimens at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge (Harvard), MCZ R-6369 and R-6370, are catalogued as ‘syntypes’ of  A. ater (whereas additional annotations mention the contrary ‘not a type?’). Both specimens were collected on Duncan (= Pinzón) during the  Albatross expedition in 1891, and therefore cannot represent the original type material. </p>
            <p> The nomen  I. ater would have priority over the majority of subspecific names available for island populations of marine iguanas. We here suggest defining a neotype for this nomen, with the express purpose of stabilizing the subspecies-level taxa defined in the following accounts. As further qualifying conditions for a neotype designation according to §75.3 of the Code, we have above elaborated why we consider the holotype of  I. ater to be lost, and it is also clear that the neotype selected in the following is morphologically consistent with the very rudimentary information available on the former name-bearing type (from the original description; see above). </p>
            <p> The Code also requires that the neotype comes as near as practicable from the original type locality. We selected as neotype  the specimen SMF 64179 from Isabela (deposited in a recognized scientific or educational institution and here documented morphologically in Fig. 5 as required by the Code). Isabela was visited by at least three whaling ships before 1831 (Langdon, 1984) and therefore this island has a high likelihood to have been the source of the lost holotype . </p>
            <p> Finally, the Code requires a statement of the characters differentiating the nominal taxon for which a neotype is designated from other taxa. In this study, we summarize the characters distinguishing A. c.  cristatus (and thus its synonym  ater ) from all other subspecies of marine iguanas (e.g. Table 1). As we consider  ater to be a synonym of the nominal subspecies A. c.  cristatus , it cannot be distinguished from this taxon at present. Yet, we feel that the designation of a neotype is justified in this case as it contributes to resolving taxonomic uncertainty, stabilizing all other subspecies names in a species where subspecific units are at the core of intensive conservation efforts (see Discussion). </p>
            <p> The selected neotype specimen (SMF 64179) is at the same time also the holotype of  A. cristatus albemarlensis Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1962 and this latter nomen therefore becomes an objective junior synonym of  I. ater Gray, 1831 . </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution: Isabela, Tortuga,  Fernandina and very likely their satellite islets (Fig. 8). </p>
            <p> Diagnostic description:  A. cristatus cristatus is a large-sized marina iguana subspecies (mean SVL 342 mm, up to a maximum of 480 mm). Mature males are characterized by a remarkably well-developed crest of spines and pronounced prominent conical supracephalic scales. In preservative, males have a yellowish dorsal background, marbled or speckled with small black dots, frequently aligning and merging to each other to form five to ten spindle-shaped transversal stripes along the body. This subspecies does not seem to present particularly remarkable pholidotic features (see also Figs 4, 5G–N, Table 1). </p>
            <p>Redescription of the holotype: OUMNH 6176 (Fig. 5G), adult unsexed stuffed specimen very poorly preserved, presenting a long sutured slit running from the throat to the cloaca, missing eyes (replaced by glass marbles) and toes II to IV of the left foot. Skin apparently varnished and/or painted, and coated in some parts, preventing detailed examination of several characteristics of scalation. SVL (345 mm) shorter than tail length (483 mm). Details of the cephalic scalation barely visible. Subdigital lamellae 25 under the right third toe, 32 under the right fourth toe. Approximately 280 visible transversal rows of minute scales at midbody. Dorsal crest moderately developed, 15 spiny scales running along the dorsal side of the neck (Cnc), followed by a postnuchal gap of approximately 10 very reduced scales (Cng), 82 spiny scales running along the dorsal side of the trunk (Cdc), then at least 136 visible scales on the dorsal side of the tail.</p>
            <p>Skin very likely painted or varnished, uniformly dark grey, ventral side and lateral sides of the throat slightly lighter.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B39053F90C385FC1C0FC035177	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
915387B39052F90F3AD4C1A2FE045414.text	915387B39052F90F3AD4C1A2FE045414.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblyrhynchus nanus Garman 1892	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> NANUS GARMAN, 1892</p>
            <p>(FIGS 6H–J, 7)</p>
            <p>  Holotype: NHM 1946.8.30.20 (formerly numbered BMNH 99.5.4). Type locality: ‘  Tower Island’ [= Isla  Genovesa ]. </p>
            <p> Specimens examined (N = 17):  Genovesa : NHM 1946.8.30.20, don. by Dr. Baur (holotype of A. c.  nanus ).  CAS 12272–12274, coll. by J .R. Slevin in 1906, N coast of the island.   CAS 104674, 104675, coll. by I.L. Wiggins in 1967, no exact locality. SFM 57432–57435, SFM 57437–57441, SFM 57444, SFM 57445, coll. by I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt in 1957,  Darwin Bay . </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution:  Genovesa and very likely its satellite islets (Fig. 8). </p>
            <p> Diagnostic description:  Amblyrhynchus cristatus nanus is a small-sized subspecies of marine iguana (mean SVL 205 mm, up to a maximum of 247 mm). Mature males have a moderately developed crest of spines and moderately conical supracephalic scales. In preservative, males are almost uniformly dark brown or blackish dorsally, with small light ochre dots, most often aligning and sometimes merging to form five to ten transversal stripes along the body. More specifically, this subspecies is also characterized by a rostral scale always in contact with three or more adjacent supralabials (100%), a low number of lamellae under the third (23.8 ± 0.9) and fourth (28.5 ± 2.1) toe and the highest number of femoral pores (28.6 ± 1.8) (see also Figs 4, 6H–J, Table 1). </p>
            <p>Redescriptionoftheholotype: NHM 1946.8.30.20(Fig.6H), juvenile or subadult unsexed specimen preserved in 70% ethanol, in relatively good condition, with exception of a 3 cm long incision running along the ventral side of the body. SVL (155 mm) shorter than tail length (199 mm). Head 25.1 mm long (HL1), 23.4 mm high and 18.9 mm wide. Fourth finger length of 24.7/ 23.9 mm. Rostral scale in contact with two adjacent supra-supralabials (barely in point contact with the third (median) one). Mental separating the anteriormost infralabials. Eight supralabials on the right side, nine on the left side. Ten infralabials on both sides. Internasal and rostral scales separated by a row of five small granular scales. Four large and flat frontonasal scales, posterior to and in contact with the internasal. Subdigital lamellae 23/22 under the third toe, 26/24 under the fourth toe; 280 tranversal row of minute scales at midbody. Dorsal crest weakly developed, 16 spiny scales running along the dorsal side of the neck (Cnc), followed by a postnuchal gap of 11 very reduced scales (Cng), 85 spiny scales running along the dorsal side of the trunk (Cdc), then 141 scales on the dorsal side of the tail.</p>
            <p>After more than 124 years of preservation in ethanol, original colour pattern still visible, although likely darker and less contrasted than originally. Background coloration of the dorsal and lateral sides of the whole body dark grey to blackish, with four to five transversal stripes made of aligned small brownish/ochre dots. Dorsal and lateral sides of the tail and of limbs uniformly dark grey. Dorsal and lateral sides of the head as dark as the rest of the body, with the largest scale of the parietal region being lighter. Crest spines as dark as the dorsum, with exception of a series of five consecutive olive/greyish spines of the nuchal crest, and few series of two to four consecutive brownish spines corresponding with the lighter transversal stripes of the dorsum. Ventral side light cream, darker on the anteriormost part and on the extremities; mental region, chest, the ventral sides of limbs and tail greyish; collar, palms and soles almost as dark as the dorsal side.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915387B39052F90F3AD4C1A2FE045414	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Miralles, Aurélien;Macleod, Amy;Rodríguez, Ariel;Ibáñez, Alejandro;Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo;Quezada, Galo;Vences, Miguel;Steinfartz, Sebastian	Miralles, Aurélien, Macleod, Amy, Rodríguez, Ariel, Ibáñez, Alejandro, Jiménez-Uzcategui, Gustavo, Quezada, Galo, Vences, Miguel, Steinfartz, Sebastian (2017): Shedding light on the Imps of Darkness: an integrative taxonomic revision of the Galápagos marine iguanas (genus Amblyrhynchus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 678-710
