identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
96474A3DDC50FFB8FF560706FE575D49.text	96474A3DDC50FFB8FF560706FE575D49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidopsilus sensu Kieffer 1908	<div><p>Genus  Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908</p><p>Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908: 358, 366.</p><p>Type species  Tropidopsilus laticeps Kieffer, 1909 .</p><p>Masnerolyta Buhl, 1997: 89; syn. nov.</p><p>Type species  Masnerolyta rubra Buhl, 1997 .</p><p>Generic diagnosis: head strongly transverse (Fig. 1A); female eye very large and hairy, inner eye orbits border converging in frontal view (Figs 3C, 4C, 7B); tentorial pit always present; malar distance very short, almost as long as diameter of tentorial pit; mandibles widely over-crossing but distinctly shorter than pleurostomal distance (Figs 3C, 4C, 7B); ventral margin of upper frons not defined; flagellum in female 13-merous, in male 12-merous; palpal formula 5-3; epomia well developed below and above of pronotal shoulders (Fig. 1E, white arrows); pronotal suprahumeral sulcus distinct (Fig. 1E, red arrows); mesonotum convex; notauli deep and complete; scutellar disc in lateral view rounded, or with high hump posteriorly (Figs 1E, 3A, 7D); posterior margin of scutellar disc smooth to sculptured (foveolate or sulcate) (Fig. 2A–D); mesopleura with distinct mesopleural pit; subalar bridge distinct (Figs 2C, blue arrow, 3A) to absent (Figs 1E, 4D, 7D); epicnemial pit distinct; epicnemial bridge distinct (Figs 1E, 2C, 3A, 7D) to absent (Fig. 4D); metascutellum with three longitudinal carinae, sometimes medial carina developed as a spinose projection (Fig. 2A–C); median keel of propodeum simple (Figs 1C, 2, 4F, 5A, 7E); plica complete (Fig. 2E) to partly reduced anteriorly (Figs 2F, 2G, 4D); wing development macropterous with wings hyaline; radial cell closed, slightly longer than marginal vein (Figs 1B, 4E, 7H) to distinctly shorter (Figs 1D, 3A); stigmal and postmarginal veins form more or less acute angle; poststigmal vein (Rs2) straight, directed towards the middle of the basalis; postmarginal vein continued far beyond the radial cell; petiole much longer than wide, slightly arched in lateral view, cylindrical to widened anteriorly (Fig. 4A) or slightly swollen medially (Fig. 7F, G); gaster of female more or less compressed with seven visible tergites (T2–T8) and five visible sternites (S2–S6); base of S2 smooth, with arcuate anterior margin (Fig. 1F, G); S6 of female slightly elongate and compressed but not modified; belytoid line developed only on S2 laterally, following sternites smooth laterally (Fig. 1F, G, green arrows); ovipositor longer than T2.</p><p>Remarks on the generic synonymy. According to Kieffer's and Buhl's descriptions,  Tropidopsilus and  Masnerolyta differ by their venation, the posterior margin of the scutellar disc and the structure of the metascutellum (Kieffer 1908, 1909, 1916, Buhl 1997). Based on the Kieffer’s description and photo of the holotype,  Tropidopsilus sensu Kieffer has a metascutellar spine and the posterior margin of the scutellar disc is with a transverse depression (Fig. 3B). According to Buhl (1997), the holotype of  M. ruber has “scutellum unsculptured posteriorly”, but the holotype specimen has the scutellar disc weakly sulcused posteriorly and the metascutum with a feeble tooth (Fig. 7E). The expanded diagnosis given by Quadros &amp; Brandão (2017) states that the posterior margin of the scutellar disc in  Tropidopsilus species is crenulate or smooth. Based on our study of the species mentioned in this article, as well as 6 undescribed species of this genus from Mexico and Brazil, we agree with this statement.</p><p>The degree of development of the spinose projection should also be considered as an interspecific or sometimes even intraspecific variation. This is supported by the fact that, the presence or absence of a spine on the metascutellum is quite variable in many genera of  Belytinae (Macek 1995), including a number of South American  Belytinae and the cosmopolitan genus  Aclista, which are morphologically very close to  Tropidopsilus .</p><p>The type species of the genera  Tropidopsilus and  Masnerolyta are different in venation. The venation of  T. laticeps is shown in Fig. 3A, B. The venation of  M. ruber is shown in Fig. 7H. These venations share many similarities, with the only significant difference being the shifting of the stigmal vein a bit apically (Fig. 1B, D). The same range of interspecific variation is known for species of the genus  Cinetus Jurine,  Miota Förster and  Macrohynnis Förster (Macek 1997b) .</p><p>We believe that these are not reliable features that could be used to define  Masnerolyta as a separate genus. Thus, we conclude that  Masnerolyta Buhl, 1997,  syn. nov., is a junior synonym of  Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908, and the following species of the former genus  Masnerolyta is transferred here to  Tropidopsilus:  T. ruber (Buhl, 1997),  comb. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Neotropical region (Brazil and Argentina), Palaearctic region (Japan). Several undescribed species mentioned above were collected in Central America (Mexico).</p><p>Biology. Host unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96474A3DDC50FFB8FF560706FE575D49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kawai, Ryoji;Chemyreva, Vasilisa	Kawai, Ryoji, Chemyreva, Vasilisa (2025): Taxonomy of the genera Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908 and Masnerolyta Buhl, 1997 (Diapriidae: Belytinae) with description of a new species of Tropidopsilus from the Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 5627 (1): 181-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7
96474A3DDC55FFB8FF5604DEFE295F89.text	96474A3DDC55FFB8FF5604DEFE295F89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidopsilus laticeps Kieffer 1909	<div><p>Tropidopsilus laticeps Kieffer, 1909</p><p>Fig. 3A–D</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype of  Tropidopsilus laticeps: “ Para Brazil / Baker ” “83.” “  Tropidopsilus / laticeps/ Kieffer” “California Academy/ of science/ Type/ No. 9672” Labels are in Fig. 3D.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distance between toruli 0.5 times as long as diameter of torulus; female antenna almost filiform, with F1 0.7 times as long as F2 and F3 measured together; flagellomeres gradually shortened apically, with F10–F12 slightly elongate, about 0.8 times as wide as long and about as wide as F 1 in dorsal view (Fig. 3B); scutellar disc highly humped posteriorly and with transverse groove along its posterior margin; mesopleuron with epicnemial and subalar bridges; metascutellum with high spine medially; ratios of lengths of parastigma, marginal vein and radial cell as 17: 21: 14 respectively (Fig. 3A); Т2 anteriorly with three long medial furrow and lateral impression (Fig. 3B).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Kieffer, 1909).</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96474A3DDC55FFB8FF5604DEFE295F89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kawai, Ryoji;Chemyreva, Vasilisa	Kawai, Ryoji, Chemyreva, Vasilisa (2025): Taxonomy of the genera Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908 and Masnerolyta Buhl, 1997 (Diapriidae: Belytinae) with description of a new species of Tropidopsilus from the Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 5627 (1): 181-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7
96474A3DDC57FFB6FF5601EFFA015A21.text	96474A3DDC57FFB6FF5601EFFA015A21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidopsilus orientalis Kawai & Chemyreva 2025	<div><p>Tropidopsilus orientalis Kawai &amp; Chemyreva,  sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4A–F, 5A–D</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: 1♀ (ELKU), Japan, Honshu, Aichi Pref., Toyota,  Takiwaki, (MT), 24–30 VI 2002, K. Yamagishi leg.  Palatypes: 1♂ (ELKU), 1♀ (NBC), same locality as holotype, 5–11 VIII 2002, K. Yamagishi leg.,  1♀ (NBC), Japan, Honshu, Aichi Pref.,  Seto,  Misawa, (MT), 22–31 VII 2003, K. Yamagishi leg.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Distance between toruli as long as diameter of torulus (Fig. 4C); female antenna weakly incrassate apically with F1 shorter than F2 and F3 measured together; all flagellomeres cylindrical, longer than wide in lateral and dorsal view; male F1 with keel and emargination extending to 0.4 of segment length; pronotal collar visible in dorsal view; scutellar disc not humped and without posterior mesoscutellar sulcus (Fig. 4F); mesopleuron without epicnemial and subalar bridges, with distinct epicnemial pit (Fig. 4D); metascutellum without spine medially; parastigma, marginal vein and radial cell almost equal to each other; Т2 anteriorly smooth, without medial furrow and lateral impression (Figs 4F, 5A).</p><p>Description. Female (holotype). Body length except ovipositor 2.6 mm, wing length 2.0 mm. Meso- and metasoma testaceous, head brown and legs yellowish.</p><p>Head. Head in dorsal view wider than long (32: 21), wider than mesosoma (32: 27), in frontal view slightly wider than high (32: 31). OOL: POL: LOL=7: 4: 3. Occipital flange very narrow, smooth. Epistomal sulcus distinct. Tentorial pits large. Clypeus convex and faintly rugulose, semicircular, with straight ventral margin, wider than high (15: 13). Pleurostomal distance as long as shortest distance between eye and longer than width of clypeus. Labrum exposed, semicircular. Face including antennal shelf below toruli, rugulose in frontal view. Toruli separated from each other by furrow, distance between toruli as long as diameter of torulus. Eye setose, its largest diameter much longer than malar space (40: 7) in lateral view.</p><p>Antenna. Scape slightly curved with simple apical rim. Outer side of scape smooth and bare. Inner side of scape setose. Flagellum gradually thickened toward apex. F8–F13 slightly wider than F1–F7. Ratios of length to maximal width of each flagellomeres in dorsal view: F1 60: 10; F2 45: 10; F3 40: 10; F4 35: 12; F5 35: 12; F6 30: 12; F7 28: 12; F8 26: 15; F9 26: 15; F10 23: 15; F11 23: 15; F12 23: 15; F13 38: 15. Ratios in lateral view: F1 24: 4; F2 180: 4; F3 14: 4; F4 14: 4; F5 14: 4; F6 12: 4; F7 10: 4; F8 10: 5; F9 8: 6; F10 8: 6; F11 8: 6; F12 8: 6; F13 14: 6. Pubescence of antennae heterogeneous, with intermittent long erect setae scattered through denser shorter setae.</p><p>Mesosoma. Mesosoma convex, longer than wide (41: 27) and higher than wide (11: 10). Pronotal shoulder prominent, with sharp prominent epomia. Lower and lateral branch of epomia complete. Pronotal collar vertical, with transverse carina between pronotal shoulders. Lateral part of pronotum impressed and smooth, dorsal and posterior areas of lateral part of pronotum covered by scattered setae. Anterior scutellar pit deep with long setae posteriorly, anteriorly open (not margined), with straight and distinct posterior margin (Fig. 4F). Scutellar disc large, convex, smooth, with long setae. Axillar depressions smooth, with a pair of verriculate tubercles. Mesopleuron smooth, bare medially and pubescent dorsally and ventrally; epicnemial pit deep, with sharp edge postero-dorsally. Metascutellum with strong median carina and lower lateral carina. Propodeum transverse. Dorsal area of propodeum covered by long setae. Median keel of propodeum simple; plica disappear in anterior one-third, produced into a tooth posteriorly; lateral longitudinal carina of propodeum complete, produced into a small tooth posteriorly (Fig. 4D). Submetapleural carina present. Metapleuron laterally with two almost fused large depressions: upper depression with a few scattered setae inside, lower depression bearing three vericulate tubercles. Nuchal area, ventral side of metapleura (between meso- and metacoxa in lateral view) and base of metacoxa each with a pair of verriculate tubercles.</p><p>Wing. Fore wing with distinct costal, subcostal, basal, marginal, postmarginal, stigmal and radial veins. Marginal vein slightly shorter than radial cell (5: 6) and as long as parastigma.</p><p>Metasoma. Petiole cylindrical, 3.7 times as long as its maximum width in dorsal view, with irregular longitudinal striation and covered with numerous tufts of setae ventrally. Gaster with seven clearly differentiated tergites and five sternites. T2 anteriorly without medial furrow and lateral impression, remainder of T2 as well as following segments smooth. All tergites with sparse, scattered setae. S2 not humped anteriorly, covered with long setae. S3–S6 short, with long setae. S7 elongate and compressed, with long setae. Ovipositor long and exposed, slightly longer than length of T2 (38: 37).</p><p>Variation. Females (n=3). Body length, except ovipositor, (only specimens with border between petiole and T2 base not bent) 2.4–2.6 mm. Maximum width of eye 5.7–6.3 times longer than malar space. Marginal vein 0.8–1.0 times longer than radial cell and 1.0–1.3 times longer than parastigma. Petiole length 3.4–4.0 times longer than its maximum width. Length of exposed part of ovipositor 0.8–1.0 times longer than length of T2.</p><p>Male. Body length 2.5 mm. Similar to female except following characters: head in frontal view as long as height, in dorsal view wider than mesosoma (15: 13); malar space longer than that of female, 0.4 times as long as largest diameter of eye; pleurostomal distance shorter than shortest distance between eyes; flagellum 12-segmented, filiform; F1–F11 gradually shortened toward apex; radial cell slightly shorter than marginal vein (9: 10); marginal vein longer than parastigma (20: 17); petiole 3.1 times as long as maximum width in dorsal view; sternites with eight differentiated segments; tip of aedeagus bifurcate. Ratios of length to maximum width of each flagellomeres in dorsal view: F1 56: 10; F2 48: 10; F3 43: 10; F4 43: 10; F5 38: 10; F6 38: 10; F7 34: 10; F8 34: 10; F9 30: 10; F10 30: 10; F11 30: 10; F12 43: 10, in lateral view: F1 22: 4; F2 18: 4; F3 17: 4; F4 17: 4; F5 16: 4; F6 14: 4; F7 12: 4; F8 12: 4; F9 12: 4; F10 12: 4; F11 10: 4; F12 16: 4.</p><p>Comparative diagnosis. The new species differs from  Tropidopsilus laticeps in the following characters: mesopleuron without epicnemial and subalar bridges (with both bridges in  T. laticeps); scutellar disc longer than anterior scutellar pit (shorter in  T. laticeps) and moderately convex (strongly convex in  T. laticeps); median carina of metascutellum not forming a spine (forming a long spine in  T. laticeps); radial cell as long as marginal vein (shorter than marginal vein in  T. laticeps). The new species is very close to  Tropidopsilus rubra (Buhl) and differs from it only in the following: pronotal collar visible in dorsal view and mesonotum moderately convex (pronotal collar not visible dorsally, mesonotum strongly convex in  T. rubra); posterior mesoscutellar sulcus absent (present in  T. rubra); median carina of metascutellum not forming a spine (with a short spine in  T. rubra); base of T2 smooth (with longitudinal furrow in  T. rubra).</p><p>Etymology. The name of this species is the Latin adjective  orientalis, meaning “eastern”.</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu; Aichi).</p><p>Biology. Host unknown. The two Malaise traps were located in different deciduous secondary forest (Fig. 6).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96474A3DDC57FFB6FF5601EFFA015A21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kawai, Ryoji;Chemyreva, Vasilisa	Kawai, Ryoji, Chemyreva, Vasilisa (2025): Taxonomy of the genera Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908 and Masnerolyta Buhl, 1997 (Diapriidae: Belytinae) with description of a new species of Tropidopsilus from the Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 5627 (1): 181-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7
96474A3DDC5BFFB6FF5603F6FE295D2D.text	96474A3DDC5BFFB6FF5603F6FE295D2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidopsilus ruber (Buhl 1997) Kawai & Chemyreva 2025	<div><p>Tropidopsilus ruber (Buhl, 1997),  comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7A–H</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype of  Masnerolyta ruber: “ ARGENTINA,  T.d. Fuego / 34: Ushuaia / Lapataia, 20 m / 29. i. 1979 / Mission Cientifica Danesa”, “ ZMUC/ 00021917 ”, “  MASNEROLYTA / RUBER/ Peter Buhl det. 1995” (NHMD). Other labels are in Fig. 7C.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distance between toruli 0.3 times as long as diameter of torulus; female antenna weakly incrassate apically with F1 as long as F2 and F3 measured together; F10–F12 as long as wide (all other antennomeres elongate) in dorsal view and about 1.5 times as wide as А1 (Fig. 7A); scutellar disc not humped, with weak posterior mesoscutellar sulcus; mesopleuron without subalar bridge, with distinct epicnemial bridge and epicnemial pit; metascutellum with short spine medially; parastigma, marginal vein and radial cell almost equal to each other (Fig. 7H); Т2 anteriorly with short three medial furrow and lateral impression (Fig. 7E, G). This species is very close to  Tropidopsilus laticeps Kieffer and differs from it in the following: antennae incrassate (filiform in  T. laticeps); scutellar disk moderately convex and longer than anterior scutellar pit (strongly convex and shorter than anterior scutellar pit in  T. laticeps); spine on metascutellum short (long in  T. laticeps); radial cell wide and long, longer than marginal vein (small and narrow, shorter than marginal vein in  T. laticeps); base of T2 with short furrows (with longer furrows in  T. laticeps).</p><p>Distribution. Argentina (Buhl 1997).</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96474A3DDC5BFFB6FF5603F6FE295D2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kawai, Ryoji;Chemyreva, Vasilisa	Kawai, Ryoji, Chemyreva, Vasilisa (2025): Taxonomy of the genera Tropidopsilus Kieffer, 1908 and Masnerolyta Buhl, 1997 (Diapriidae: Belytinae) with description of a new species of Tropidopsilus from the Palaearctic region. Zootaxa 5627 (1): 181-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.7
