taxonID	type	description	language	source
3645FB486D425FD88A11CF8B66665EAA.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20 C, F, 21 I, J	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3645FB486D425FD88A11CF8B66665EAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See genus diagnosis.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3645FB486D425FD88A11CF8B66665EAA.taxon	description	Description. Male (SMNS Aran- 004182). Body length 38.50 (n = 2 38.50 – 38.62). Carapace (Fig. 2 B). 17.2 long, 14.9 wide, anterior width 8, 95, cephalic height 4.9, cephalic region 11.3 long, thoracic region 4.79 long. CI 86.62, CLI 65.69, CHI 28.48. Fovea width 1.85, curve length 2.11, procurved (Fig. 2 E). Carapace has four pairs of furrows, mainly covered with yellowish brown setae directed towards fovea, lateral profile low and flat, and integument dark brown. Setation: TS (a), rows of very short pale yellowish brown setae covering entire carapace, directed towards fovea and OT anteriorly. Posterior surface of OT with few long pale brown TS. TS (b), long pale yellowish brown setae at carapace margin, anterior margin pale brown. SC (a), brown flat scales sparsely covering OT. SC (b), sparse, pale yellowish brown, acicular scales covering carapace, anteriorly. Eyes (Fig. 2 D). Ocular Tubercle 3.12 long, 2.28 wide, OT integument entirely dark. AME round, rest of the eyes ovoid. Anterior row of eyes slightly procurved, posterior row of eyes recurved. Eyes: AME 0.69, ALE 0.79, PME 0.46, PLE 0.61. Interocular distances: AME - AME 0.38, ALE - ALE 1.94, PME - PME 1.48, PLE - PLE 2.21, AME - ALE 0.13, AME - PME 0.22, AME - PLE 0.56, ALE - PLE 0.23, ALE - PME 0.47, PME - PLE 0.14. EI (AME) 4.01, EI (ALE) 4.59. Chelicerae (Fig. 3 A – C). length 9.72, dorsal width 3.27, lateral width 5.99, fang curve length 7.29. Teeth 12, mesoventral denticles sparse 45. Setation: TS, long pale brown setae on dorsal and upper 1 / 2 retrolateral surface, longer anteriorly. Lower 1 / 2 of retrolateral surface posteriorly with rows of pallid filiform setae and anteriorly with patch of pallid needleform setae. Mesoretrolateral surface with rows of very sparse setae basally spiniform and anteriorly needleform. Mesoprolateral surface with intercheliceral setae, arcuate strip of rows of pallid needleform setae originating basally. Lower 1 / 2 prolaterally sparsely covered with setae, brown needleform at lower rows, and pale brown filiform at upper rows. SC, flat, translucent, pale brown scales, covering dorsal and upper retrolateral surface. Integument mostly dark brown. Cheliceral strikers (Fig. 3 C): 111, 0.20 – 1.03, dark, long spiniform with filiform ends. Maxillae (Fig. 3 D, F). Prolateral maxilla 6.33 long, 4.02 wide laterally, 3.58 wide ventrally. Maxilla prolaterally planoconvex, anterior lobe well pronounced, integument orangey brown, dark dorsally, basoventral cuspules 212. Lyra (Fig. 3 D): lyrate patch, 2.24 long, 1.38 high, total rods 190, 10 or 11 rows, surrounded by very fine setae, denser above and distally. Short rods form an arcuate strip of patch. Longest club-shaped rods in lowest row 13, 0.27 – 0.78. Setation: TS, pale brown setae, longer ventrally, stronger at distodorsal margin. Lyrate patch surrounded by fine setae. Above maxillary suture, rows of ~ 13 stiff dark TS. SC, brownish white flat scales covering dorsally. Retrolateral surface smooth, with rows of short semi-transparent bristles at the lower margin. Labium and sternum (Fig. 2 C, F). Labium: 2.30 long, 3.12 wide. Integument orangey brown, dark at posterior margin, anterior 1 / 3 with cuspules 371. Setation: TS (a), long, pale brown with pale filiform ends, covering labium anteriorly and laterally except on cuspule cluster, longer and greater at anterior edge, all pointing anteriorly. TS (b), brown, short needleform below cuspule cluster. Sternum: 8.2 long, 6.93 wide integument yellowish brown. Posterior sternal corner acuminate, lateral corners weakly acuminate. Setation: TS (a), long pale brown spiniform setae, pale apically, on entire sternum, but very sparse. TS (b), short pale brown setae covering sternum entirely. TS (c) fine, pallid, and short spiniform, at sternal margin. SC, brownish white flat scale mat densely covering entire sternum. Labiosternal sigilla 1.07 long, 0.34 wide, 0.83 apart. Sternal sigilla 2 pairs, median sigilla 0.69 long, 0.35 wide, 3.91 apart and 0.58 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa II, posterior sigilla 1.08 long, 0.42 wide, 1.59 apart and 1.77 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa III (Fig. 2 C). Abdomen and spinnerets. Abdomen: 17.56 long, 10.09 wide. ovular elongated, integument pale brown. Setation: TS (a), long, pale brown with darker bases, needleform, on entire abdomen, shorter ventrally, pallid on book lungs. TS (b), pallid short paddle-like, on book lungs and sparse on epigynal plate. SC, overlapping pale brown translucent scales covering entire abdomen. Spinnerets: PMS 2.39 long, 0.84 wide, PLS, anterior 2.30 long, 0.71 wide, median 1.82 long, 0.99 wide, posterior 3.65 long, 1.39 wide. Setation: TS (a), long, pale brown with darker bases, needleform, on dorsal PMS and PLS. TS (b), dark and short, pale brown paddle-like, intermixed with spigots, on PMS and PLS ventrally. SC, brownish white flat scales covering PLS dorsally. Genitalia (Figs 4 A – C, 5 A – E). Palpal Organ: almost 3 / 4 of palp tibia length (POI 73.70). Tegulum 2.67 long, 2.14 wide, twisted, widest medially, subtegular projection very weakly pronounced (Fig. 5 A – D). Embolus length 3.30, width 0.54 basally, tip 0.10 wide (EMI 123.56), base robust, tapering distally, curved retrolaterally and ending to a weakly tip. There is a prolateral inferior keel (PI) and prolateral superior keel (PS) in the apical third of the embolus (Fig. 5 E). The apical keel (A) is located at the tip of the embolus and is semicircular in shape (Fig. 5 E). Embolic opening (Op) located between PS and PI near the tip. Basal lobe is not present. Legs. Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. RF ~ 91.77, LLI (I) 26.54, LLI (IV) 21.15, DLI (I) 23.18, DLI (IV) 18.49, MI (I) 76.25, MI (IV) 132, TI (I) 69.67, TI (IV) 45.45. Leg lengths (fem, pat, tib, met, tar / cym): Palp 26 (10, 4.2, 8.1, -, 3.7) Leg I 61.3 (16.5, 8.1, 16, 12.2, 8.5) Leg II 55.6 (15, 7.1, 13, 12.5, 8) Leg III 49.5 (13, 6, 9, 14.5, 7) Leg IV 66.8 (17, 6, 15, 19.8, 9). Leg lateral width (fem, pat, tib, met, tar / cym): Palp (3.24, 2.92, 3.21, -, 2.46) Leg I (4.15, 3.51, 3.62, 2.82, 2.17) Leg II (4.33, 3.36, 3.16, 2.37, 1.94) Leg III (4.88, 3.45, 3.04, 2.45, 1.91) Leg IV (3.99, 3.47, 3, 1.96, 1.71) Leg dorsal width (fem, pat, tib, met, tar / cym): Palp (3.19, 2.93, 3.21, -, 2.88) Leg I (3.38, 3.30, 2.84, 2.18, 2.51) Leg II (3.40, 3.13, 2.59, 2.05, 2.07) Leg III (4.22, 3.17, 2.42, 1.90, 2.13) Leg IV (3, 40, 3, 06, 2.54, 1.89, 1.46). Cymbium bipartite. Tarsi IV transversely cracked apically. Leg setation and spines. Setation (femur to tarsus): TS on all legs pale brown and short, longer on all metatarsi dorsally, femur of rear legs ventrally and on all tibia ventrally, dense on tibiae I and II, ventrally. There are only pale brown TS. PB is also not present on the palps. There are only pale brown TS. SC, brownish. Other sensory setae: ETB, pair of thin inverted L-shaped cluster of short dark brown setae, basoretrolateral on Met. I and II, single cluster on Met III. Cymbium with single cluster dorsally that broadens basally. TB (a), long and short filiform TB intermix with ETB in two rows, longest dorsally. TB (b), rows of unordered clavate TB, varying in size, present in all tarsi, and intermix with tarsal ETB. CHS, tiny, pale brown translucent erect sensilla tapering apically, present on the palpal and all leg femora to tarsi and intermixes with tarsal and metatarsal scopulae. Spines (dorsal-dorsoprolateral-dorsoretrolateral-ventral): Met II (0 - 0 - 0 - 2). Met III (0 - 1 - 1 - 2). Met IV (0 - 0 - 1 - 4). Coxae and trochantera. Coxae: Length (coxa I, II, III, IV), 8.68, 6.05, 6.76, 6.83. Width (coxa I, II, III, IV), 4.46, 3.68, 4.17, 4.59. Setation: TS, long brown setae, dorsally and ventrally; strong and short spiniform setae, prolaterally and retrolaterally on all coxae. Trochantera: Length (troch. palp I, II, III, IV), 3.20, 3.21, 2.92, 3.38, 4.03. Width (troch. Palp I, II, III, IV), 2.77, 4.15, 3.88, 3.55, 3.72. Scopulae and claws. Scopulae: cymbium scopulated ventrally. Tar. I, entire, with very few longer setae. Tar. II, entire, with very few longer setae. Tar. III, entire, with very few longer setae. Tar. IV, in the basal 1 / 4 divided by three or four long setae. The tarsus is cracked in the apical 1 / 4. Met. I covered almost all ventral surfaces, entire, but with a few very sparse long setae. Met. II, almost all ventral surface covered, entire, but with a few very sparse long setae. Met. III, almost all ventral surface covered, entire, but with a few very sparse long setae. Met. IV, covering 90 % of ventral surface, divided by two or three rows of strong long setae. Claws: longest tarsal IV claw 1.70, no inferior third claw (Fig. 5 G) (but present on some specimens; Fig. 5 F), but there are a few large teeth on the claws whose number can vary from one claw to another. Color in life. The opisthosoma and legs, except for the coxa and trochanter, are black in color (Fig. 2 A). Coxa and trochanter as well as the carapace and the chelicerae basal segment are bronze-colored (Fig. 2 A, C). The underside of the cephalothorax is also black. The area around the eye tubercle, as well as two diverging hairless stripes on the carapace, which frame the head, are dark brown in color. On each chelicerae basal segment there is also an elongated dark brown stripe in the middle of the bronze coloration.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3645FB486D425FD88A11CF8B66665EAA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Greek dýo chrómata (δύο χρώματα) means two colors, which refers to the bicolored orange and black coloration of this species (Schmidt and von Wirth 1992).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3645FB486D425FD88A11CF8B66665EAA.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. The spiders live in tubes in the primary forest whose entrances are well camouflaged and difficult to find (Fig. 6 B). In the habitat of C. dichromata comb. rest., there is apparently only this species of tarantula (Fig. 6). All tubes were filled with water to a depth of ~ 10 cm. The temperature in the tubes was 24 – 26 ° C. The water in the tubes was ~ 2 ° C cooler. Probably the spiders flee into the water when disturbed. Known only from Sorong, West New Guinea (now Southwest Papua Province), Indonesia.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
BB3E3276071259329FBA544D5093C466.taxon	type_taxon	Type and included species. C. dichromata Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992, comb. rest., by original designation and monotypy.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
BB3E3276071259329FBA544D5093C466.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chilocosmia stat. rev. differs from all known selenocosmiine genera (i) in having a palpal organ with twisted tegulum (Figs 4 A – C, 5 A – D) and (ii) in having a stridulatory organ on the prolateral maxilla with short bacilliform rods that form an arcuate strip of a lyrate patch and with club-shaped bacillae at lowest row (Fig. 3 D, E). The lyra of Chilocosmia stat. rev. (Fig. 3 D, E) quite resembles the lyra of Orphnaecus (Fig. 20 G) but differs in the shape of the largest stridulating setae which lacks a pointed apex (Fig. 20 C, F). It further differs from Orphnaecus in the male palpal organ morphology in having a twisted tegulum and a thicker embolus with shorter PS and lacking a basal lobe (Fig. 5 A – E), and in lacking palpal brush on dorsal palp in males (Fig. 4 D).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
BB3E3276071259329FBA544D5093C466.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indonesia: West New Guinea.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
BB3E3276071259329FBA544D5093C466.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of two Greek words chilos (cheilos; χείλος), which means lip, and kosmein (κοσμείν), which means arrange or keep in order (Schmidt and von Wirth 1992). Gender is feminine.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
4375CAEA07625452B547A8E7F00A5FA0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Orphnaecus pellitus Simon, 1892, by monotypy.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
4375CAEA07625452B547A8E7F00A5FA0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Orphnaecus differs from all selenocosmiine genera (including Chilocosmia stat. rev.), except Phlogiellus and Selenobrachys stat. rev., by having a long prolateral superior keel (PS) (= retrolateral keel (R) in West et al. 2012) from tip to base with pronounced basal lobe (BL) on the embolus of males. Orphnaecus differs from Phlogiellus and Selenobrachys stat. rev., (i) in having a reniform patch, proximally broader, of short bacilliform rods, whereby the bacillae in the lowest row are larger, club-shaped, and rounded at the tip, prolaterally (Fig. 20 A, D, G). It can also be distinguished from Selenobrachys stat. rev. in having long and dense dorsal palpal brush of setae on patella in males (Fig. 15 A), in having a palpal tibia in males proximally swollen and distally tapering (Fig. 15 A), and in having long acicular femoral setation on prolateral femur I (Fig. 21 A – D).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
4375CAEA07625452B547A8E7F00A5FA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippine endemic: Luzon Is. (Simon 1892), Polillo Is. (Barrion-Dupo et al. 2015), Catanduanes Is., Masbate Is. (West et al. 2012), Negros Is. (Lüddecke et al. 2018), Dinagat Is. (Salamanes et al. 2022), and Mindanao Is. (Fig. 22). Probably widespread from Luzon PAIC, West Visayas PAIC, to Mindanao PAIC.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
4375CAEA07625452B547A8E7F00A5FA0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Orphnaeus, one of the four horses that drew the golden chariot of Hades, the king of the underworld in Greek mythology, attached with the suffix - cus (probably to avoid homonymy with a centipede genus, Orphnaeus Meinert, 1870). The type species O. pellitus is possibly a troglobitic species, exhibiting troglomorphism and spending its whole life inside the cave (Simon 1892). Gender is masculine.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3CC1EB30ACC853A8A0248C6C6B4867D0.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8, 9, 10, 18 B, 20 B, E, 21 G, H	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3CC1EB30ACC853A8A0248C6C6B4867D0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Selenobrachys philippinus comb. rest. can be distinguished from its congener, S. ustromsupasius sp. nov., (i) in having longer leg IV than leg I (RF ~ 89 – 98); (ii) in having broader posterior sigilla on the sternum (Fig. 7 E); (iii) in having a palpal organ in males with lower palpal organ index (POI <42), with embolus with narrower basal lobe (BL) (Fig. 10 B), with thinner prolateral superior keel (PS) (Fig. 10 A, B) but broader at the tip (Fig. 10 E, F), and with less pronounced subtegular ridge (StR) (Fig. 10 A, B); and (iv) in having lesser number of maxillary (<305) and labial (<471) cuspules. It also differs in color, having an orange to orangey brown general body coloration (Fig. 7 A; Schmidt 1999).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3CC1EB30ACC853A8A0248C6C6B4867D0.taxon	description	Description. Male (PASI ara 0006). Body length 42.07 (n = 6: 41.43 – 43.98). Carapace (Fig. 7 B). 17.51 long, 14.94 wide, anterior width 10.24, cephalic height 3.8, cephalic region 11.6 long, thoracic region 5.91 long. CI 85.32, CLI 66.25, CHI 21.70. Fovea width 2.27, curve length 2.43, procurved. Carapace has four pairs of weak furrows, lateral profile low and flat, and integument orangey brown, darker anteriorly. Setation: TS (a), rows of very short pale yellowish brown setae covering entire carapace, directed towards fovea and anteriorly to OT. Posterior surface of OT with pale brown short TS (a). TS (b), long pale yellowish brown setae at carapace margin, anterior margin light brown. SC (a), very short light brown flat scales sparsely covering OT. SC (b), pale yellowish brown acicular scales covering carapace, dense anteriorly, very sparse medially. Eyes (Fig. 7 D). Ocular tubercle 2.09 long, 2.73 wide, integument dark, paler anteriorly. AME round, rest of the eyes ovoid. Anterior row of eyes slightly procurved, posterior row of eyes recurved. Eyes: AME 0.61, ALE 0.76, PME 0.51, PLE 0.51. Interocular distances: AME - AME 0.26, ALE - ALE 1.55, PME - PME 1.25, PLE - PLE 1.98, AME - ALE 0.18, AME - PME 0.13, AME - PLE 0.64, ALE - PLE 0.31, ALE - PME 0.35, PME - PLE 0.14. EI (AME) 3.48, EI (ALE) 4.34. Chelicerae (Fig. 8 A – C). length 8.92, dorsal width 3.68, lateral width 6.28, fang curve length 7.48. Teeth 11, mesoventral denticles sparse ~ 35. Setation: TS, long pale brown setae on dorsal and upper 1 / 2 retrolateral surface, longer anteriorly. Lower 1 / 2 of retrolateral surface posteriorly with a patch of pallid filiform setae, anteriorly needleform. Mesoretrolateral surface with rows of very sparse setae basally spiniform, anteriorly needleform. Mesoprolateral surface with intercheliceral setae in arcuate strip of rows of pallid needleform setae originating basally. Lower 1 / 2, prolaterally, sparsely covered with brown needleform setae, filiform above. SC, flat, translucent, brownish white scales, covering dorsal and upper retrolateral surface. Cheliceral strikers (Fig. 8 C): Primary rows, ~ 16, 0.65 – 0.91 dark, long spiniform with filiform ends. Secondary rows, ~ 136, 0.21 – 0.55, dark long and short spiniform. Tertiary rows, ~ 114, 0.16 – 0.23, pallid very short needleform setae. Pseudostrikers long and pallid, and present ventrally. Maxillae (Fig. 7 F, G). Prolateral maxilla 7.47 long, 4.53 wide laterally, 3.75 wide ventrally. Maxilla prolaterally planoconvex, anterior lobe well pronounced, integument orangey brown, darker dorsally, basoventral cuspules ~ 305. Maxillary lyra (Fig. 7 G): lyrate patch dense, in ovoid shape, truncated proximally, mildly tapering distally, 3.90 long, 2.10 high, total rods ~ 539, on 10 – 11 rows, surrounded by very fine setae, denser above and distally. Short bacilliform rods ~ 496, 0.24 – 0.39, needleform. Longer rods ~ 43, 0.49 – 0.85, paddle-shaped with pointed ends, which ~ 12 have well-defined paddle blades, and thick strong shafts slightly curved outward, located at the lowest rows. Setation: TS, pale brown spiniform setae, longer ventrally, stronger at distodorsal margin. Lyrate patch surrounded by fine setae. Above maxillary suture, two rows of ~ 15 stiff dark spiniform TS. Retrolateral surface is smooth, with rows of short semi-transparent bristles at lower margin. SC, flat whitish yellow-brown scales covering dorsal surface. Labium and sternum (Fig. 7 C, E). Labium: 2.32 long, 3.15 wide. Integument orangey brown, darker posteriorly, anterior 1 / 3 with cuspules ~ 471. Setation: TS (a), long, pale brown with pale filiform ends, covering labium anteriorly and laterally except on cuspule cluster, longer and greater at anterior edge, all pointing anteriorly. TS (b), dark, short needleform below cuspule cluster. Sternum: 8.20 long, 6.93 wide, integument yellowish brown. Posterior sternal corner acuminate and lateral corners weakly acuminate. Setation: TS (a), long pale brown spiniform setae, pale apically, on entire sternum but sparse medially. TS (b), fine, pallid, and short spiniform, at sternal margin. SC, white flat scale mat covering entire sternum. Labiosternal sigilla 1.49 long, 0.38 wide, 0.75 apart. Sternal sigilla 3 pairs, anterior sigilla 0.34 long, 0.22 wide, 4.53 apart, and 0.26 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa I, median sigilla 0.81 long, 0. 34 wide, 3.93 apart, and 0.50 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa II, posterior sigilla broad (Fig. 7 E), 1.40 long, 0.58 wide, 1.60 apart, and 1.17 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa III. Abdomen and spinnerets. Abdomen: 18.69 long, 7.65 wide. ovular elongated, integument pale citron brown. Setation: TS (a), long, citron brown with darker bases, needleform, on entire abdomen, shorter ventrally, and pallid on book lungs. TS (b), rows of pallid and short paddle-like on book lungs and sparse on epigynal plate. SC, dense, overlapping flat, translucent, pale brown scales lightened by pale citron integument producing an orangey brown mat covering entire abdomen. Spinnerets: PMS 2.24 long, 0.74 wide, PLS, anterior 2.56 long, 1.52 wide, median 2.84 long, 1.12 wide, posterior 3.76 long, 1.00 wide. Setation: TS (a), long, citron brown with darker bases, needle form, on dorsal PMS and PLS. TS (b), dark and short, pale brown paddle-like TS, intermixed with spigots, on PMS and PLS ventrally. SC, flat brownish white scales covering PLS dorsally. Genitalia (Figs 9 A – C, 10 A – E). Palpal Organ: approximately 2 / 5 of palp tibia length (POI 41.45). Tegulum 1.92 long, 1.81 wide, globular, widest medially, subtegular ridge (StR) weakly pronounced (Fig. 10 A, B). Embolus length 2.42, width 1.20 basally and 0.37 medially, tip 0.16 wide, Embolus length 1.26 times longer than tegulum length (EMI 126.04), base robust, tapering distally, curved retrolaterally and ending to a broad tip. Embolus has a long and stout prolateral superior keel (PS) (Fig. 10 A, B) but broad at tip (Fig. 10 E, F); has prolateral inferior keel (PI) short, emerged from the tip to rear at apical 1 / 5, below PS and embolic opening (Op) (Fig. 10 E, F); apical keel (A) very short, emerged almost at the tip; embolic opening (Op) located between PS and PI near the tip (Fig. 10 E, F). Basal lobe pronounced but not broad, projected proximally (Fig. 10 A, B). Legs. Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. RF ~ 91.94, LLI (I) 20.93, LLI (IV) 16.39, DLI (I) 19.97, DLI (IV) 16.23, MI (I) 80.99, MI (IV) 124.10, TI (I) 59.78, TI (IV) 44.41. Leg lengths (fem, pat, tib, met, tar / cym): Palp 31.96 (11.08, 6.46, 10.47, -, 3.95) Leg I 66.41 (18.11, 9.92, 16.73, 13.55, 8. 1) Leg II 58.56 (15.7, 8.16, 14.59, 12.86, 7.25) Leg III 51.81 (13.04, 6.59, 11.54, 13.63, 7.01) Leg IV 72.23 (17.64, 7.68, 16.8, 20.85, 9.26). Leg lateral width (fem, pat, tib, met, tar / cym): Palp (2.64, 2.34, 2.56, -, 2.35) Leg I (4.05, 3.61, 3.06, 1.9, 1.28) Leg II (3.49, 3.35, 2.58, 1.45, 1.37) Leg III (3.61, 2.8, 2.39, 1.75, 1.2) Leg IV (3.77, 3.08, 2.34, 1.55, 1.1) Leg dorsal width (fem, pat, tib, met, tar / cym): Palp (2.63, 2.27, 2 - ,, 2.38) Leg I (3.75, 3.08, 2.96, 1.84, 1.63) Leg II (3.31, 2.69, 2.54, 1.65, 1.35) Leg III (3.43, 2.61, 2.44, 1.72, 1.31) Leg IV (3.25, 2.76, 2.48, 1.96, 1.27). Cymbium bipartite. Tarsi I – IV transversely cracked, shows transverse weakening or pallid region, tar. I and tar. II more anteriorly, tar. III and tar. IV medially. Leg setation and spines. Setation (femur to tarsus): TS (a), brown spiniform setae on all legs, longer TS pale brown, longer on all femora, ventrally and on palp patella and tibia, thicker on leg III and IV, dense citron brown on tibiae I and II, ventrally. TS (b), short and pallid paddle-like setae, dense on ventral femur I, sparse on ventral palpal femur, ventral patella I, and ventral femur II. FS, prolateral femur I with dense field (less dense than females) of elongated sword-like TS. PB, thin layer of short, flat, pale brown, scales, present on dorsal palpal patella and dorsal palpal tibia but very sparse (Fig. 9 D). SC, flat whitish scales, darkened by reddish brown integument, covering all legs. Other sensory setae: ETB, pair of thin inverted L-shaped clusters of short pale brown setae, starting from basolateral to dorsal Met. I and II, single cluster on Met III and IV. Cymbium with a single cluster dorsally that broadens basally. TB (a), long and short filiform TB intermix with ETB in two rows, longest dorsally. TB (b), rows of unordered clavate TB, varying in size, present in all tarsi, and intermix with tarsal ETB. CHS, tiny, pale brown translucent erect sensilla tapering apically, present on the palpal and all leg femora to tarsi and intermixes with tarsal and metatarsal scopulae. Spines (dorsal-dorsoprolateral-dorsoretrolateral-ventral): Met I (0 - 0 - 0 - 1), Met II (0 - 0 - 0 - 3). Met III (0 - 1 - 1 - 4). Met IV (0 - 1 - 1 - 3). Coxae and trochantera. Coxae: Length (coxa I, II, III, IV), 8.16, 7.88, 6.78, 7.31. Width (coxa I, II, III, IV), 4.49, 3.97, 4.27, 4.21. Setation: TS (a), long pale brown setae, covering dorsal and ventral surfaces; TS (b), strong and short spiniform setae, prolaterally on all coxae; TS (c), patches of fine setal fringe present laterally on coxae, intermixed with TS; TS (d), Coxae I – IV have rows of short semi-translucent bristles, prolaterally, denser on coxae I and II. SC (a), flat, grayish brown scales, covering the ventral to retrolateral 1 / 2; SC (b), white, cottony, and acicular, covering the dorsal of all coxae. Trochantera: Length (troch. palp I, II, III, IV), 2.78, 3.95, 3.02, 1.84, 2.77. Width (troch. palp I, II, III, IV), 2.59, 3.99, 3.52, 3.44, 3.62. Scopulae and claws. Scopulae: cymbium scopulated ventrally. Tar. I, entire, but intermixed with one or two longitudinal rows of very sparse short spiniform setae. Tar. II, entire, but intermixed with one or two longitudinal rows of very sparse short spiniform setae. Tar. III, entire, but intermixed with two or three longitudinal rows of short spiniform setae. Tar. IV, divided by four rows of strong and long spiniform setae. Met. I ventral surface almost completely scopulated, entire, but with one or two longitudinal rows of very sparse long setae. Met. II, almost all ventral surface covered, entire, but intermixed with one or two longitudinal rows of very sparse long setae. Met. III, covering 4 / 5 distally, entire, but intermixed with one or two longitudinal rows of very sparse long setae. Met. IV, covering 3 / 4 distally, divided by two or three rows of strong long setae. Claws: pair of claws present on all leg tarsi, with one to three teeth on each claw. Tarsal IV claw, 2.27, with unpaired inferior third claw. 0.20. Color in life. Monochromatic. The reddish brown integument is lightened by whitish scales creating a uniform orange to orangey brown body coloration (Fig. 7 A).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3CC1EB30ACC853A8A0248C6C6B4867D0.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. Spiders are found roaming outside near their burrows at night. Burrows, not self-dug, are found near streams under metamorphic rock boulders and crevices on mountain slopes. Known only from Mambucal Resort and Wildlife Sanctuary (at the foot of Mt. Canlaon) and Sipalay City (West et al. 2012) in Negros Occidental, Negros Island, Philippines. Reports from the internet in the islands of Panay, Guimaras, and Cebu are unverified and may represent a separate island endemic species of Selenobrachys.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
3CC1EB30ACC853A8A0248C6C6B4867D0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a masculine adjective derived from the country locality, the Philippines (Schmidt 1999).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
410F23329685519092E7CBDAB2140A79.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Selenobrachys stat. rev. differs from all other selenocosmiine genera (including Chilocosmia stat. rev.), except sister genera Orphnaecus and Phlogiellus, in having a long prolateral superior keel (PS) (= retrolateral keel in West et al. 2012) from base to tip with a pronounced basal lobe (BL) on the embolus of males (Figs 10 A – F, 14 A – E). Selenobrachys stat. rev. differs from Orphnaecus, and Phlogiellus (i) in having an ovoid proximally truncated and distally mildly tapering lyrate patch on the prolateral maxilla, with rows of strong paddle-shaped bacillae possessing thick and strong shafts (Figs 7 F, G, 1 E, F, 17 E, F, 20 E) (reniform lyrate morphology for Orphnaecus; see above and Fig. 20 G; rudimentary patch of needleform rods, if present, for Phlogiellus; see Nunn et al. 2016) and where the largest ones in the lowest row have a more pointed tip in prolateral view (Fig. 20 E); (ii) in having greater number of cheliceral strikers (<150; excluding tertiary rows) (Figs 8 C, 13 C, D, 17 C, D); (iii) in having a long and cylindrical palpal tibia in males (Figs 9 A – D, 15 B, C) (proximally swollen and distally tapering in Phlogiellus and Orphnaecus; see Fig. 15 A and Nunn et al. 2016); and (iv) in having a broad and short, not reduced ends, almost symmetrical, tombstone-shaped spermathecal lobe in females (Fig. 18 A, B). It further differs from Orphnaecus in lacking long and dense dorsal scopulate palpal brush in adult males (Figs 9 D, 15 B, C) and in having short sword-like femoral setation on prolateral femur I (Fig. 21 E – H). It also differs from Phlogiellus in having a greater number of labial cuspules (~ 331 – 760) and a wider fovea than the ocular tubercle (Nunn et al. 2016; Sivayyapram et al. 2020).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
410F23329685519092E7CBDAB2140A79.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippine endemic: Negros Is. (Schmidt 1999; West et al. 2012) and Romblon Is. (this study; Fig. 22). Probably restricted to West Visayas PAIC and Romblon PAIC.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
410F23329685519092E7CBDAB2140A79.taxon	etymology	Etymology. A combination of two generic names, Selenocosmia and Chilobrachys (Seleno- + - brachys) (Schmidt 1999). Gender is masculine.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
61E4C0E135E55681A12AA8A582E5160C.taxon	description	Figs 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 B – D, 16, 17, 18 A, 21 E, F	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
61E4C0E135E55681A12AA8A582E5160C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Selenobrachys ustromsupasius sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congener, S. philippinus comb. rest, (i) in having longer leg I than leg IV, with RF ~ 104 – 111; (ii) in having narrower posterior sigilla (Figs 12 B, 16 C); (iii) in having a palpal organ in males with greater palpal organ index (POI> 48), with embolus with broader basal lobe (Fig. 14 B), with thicker prolateral superior keel (PS) (Fig. 14 A, B) but stouter at tip (Fig. 14 E), and with less pronounced subtegular ridge (StR) (Fig. 14 A, B); and (iv) in having greater number of maxillary (> 365) and labial (> 608) cuspules. It also differs in color, having a brown to dark brown general body coloration (Figs 11 A, B, 19 G, H).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
61E4C0E135E55681A12AA8A582E5160C.taxon	description	Description. Holotype ♂, UST-ARC 0002 (field # R 01 - 02). Body length 43.18. (n = 7: 43.00 – 45.19) Figs 11 A, 12 – 14, 15 B – D. Carapace (Fig. 12 A). Length, 17.41, median width 15.34, CI 88.11, CLI 65.88, CHI 22.75. Integument dark reddish brown. Caput profile low and flat, cephalic region slightly higher. Fovea procurved (Fig. 12 D), width 1.72, curve length 1.89. Distance of fovea to posterior carapace margin 4.55; distance to OT 9.68. Setation: TS (a) long, thin, pale brown setae at carapace margin, pointing anteriorly. TS (b) long, strong, dark brown setae, pale brown apically, intermixed with TS (a) and SC, at clypeus, and few at the top of OT between AMEs. TS (c) rows of short pale or dark brown setae, pale brown apically, that run along radial grooves pointing to fovea. SC (a), very short, thick, flat, pale brown scales covering anterior 1 / 2 surface of OT. SC (b), mat of long, dense, whitish acicular scales, covering lateral sides and front of OT, pointing towards OT and carapace, sparse to none on middle surface, denser on coastal surface, mostly pointing anteriorly. Eyes (Fig. 12 C). OT length 1.94, width 2.86. Clypeus 0.5, integument dark. Eyes anterior row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved. Eyes: AME 0.61 (round), ALE 0.78 (ovoid), PME 0.44 (ovoid), PLE 0.47 (ovoid). Interocular distances: AME - AME 0.31, PLE - PLE 1.97, ALE - ALE 1.59, PME - PME 1.24, ALE - PLE 0.21, AME - ALE 0.20, AME - PME 0.12, ALE - PME 0.32, PME - PLE 0.09, AME - PLE 0.55. EI (AME) 3.50, EI (ALE) 4.48. Chelicerae (Fig. 13 A – D). Dorsal length 8.51, dorsal width 3.79, lateral width 6.49. Fang curve length 6.68. Prolateral surface: more than upper 1 / 2 integument dark, lower surface reddish brown, with long brown fine setae, lowest portion above teeth darker and longer. Intercheliceral pegs absent but with rows of stiff setae. Retrolateral surface: integument upper 2 / 3 dark, lower surface reddish brown to amber, flat whitish scales (SC a), fine, white, cottony acicular scales (SC b), and long strong setae (TS) covering dorsal and upper retrolateral surfaces, greater anteriorly, patch of fine and long, mostly slightly curved setae at posterior area of lower retrolateral surface, patch of very fine setae with curved ends at anterior area of retrolateral surface, proximomedial setae needleform, very sparse. Long, pale reddish brown brush of setae ventrally. Teeth 11, mesoventral denticles sparse, ~ 41, on three or four rows. Lyrate region (Fig. 13 C, D): 237 – 248 total strikers on six to seven horizontal rows, unordered, the strongest and longest strikers on lower rows. Primary rows ~ 11 (0.80 – 0.83 long) long dark brown with long curved filiform ends pointing distally. Secondary rows ~ 142 (0.17 – 0.66), dark spiniform with short curved filiform ends pointing inward. Tertiary rows ~ 90 (0.09 – 0.18), short, pallid, and needleform, located above secondary rows. Long, pallid pseudostrikers present ventrally. Maxillae (Fig. 13 E, F). Prolaterally planoconvex, anterior lobe well pronounced, cuspules on inner basoventral surface ~ 365. Stridulatory organ (Fig. 13 F): ~ 465 total bacilliform rods, in nine or ten rows, form long and dense ovoid patch, proximally truncated and distally mildly tapering (3.31 long, 1.70 high). Short bacilliform rods ~ 424, 0.22 – 0.53, needleform. Longer rods ~ 41, 0.55 – 0.77, paddle-shaped with thick and strong shafts and pointed ends, ~ 10 of which have well-defined paddle blades, located at lowest rows. Paddles flattened perpendicularly to maxillary surface. Setation: TS, brown setae, with upper part paler, present dorsally and ventrally, longest ventrally. Proximodorsal with erect fine pallid setae. Lyrate patch surrounded by fine setae. Above maxillary suture, two rows of ~ 20 stiff dark TS. SC, flat whitish scales covering dorsal surface. Retrolateral surface smooth, with rows of short semi-transparent bristles at lower margin. Labium and sternum (Fig. 12 B, E). Labium (Fig. 12 E): length 2.30, width 3.30, integument reddish brown, paler anteriorly. Labial cuspules ~ 608, dark, at apical 1 / 3. Setation: TS (a), long brown with filiform ends, covering labium anteriorly and laterally except on cuspule cluster, longer and denser at anterior edge, all pointing anteriorly. TS (b), dark, spiniform, on posterior surface. Sternum (Fig. 12 B): sternum length 7.68, width 6.80, integument reddish brown, slightly darker at margin. Posterior sternal corner acuminate, lateral corners weakly acuminate. Labiosternal sigilla ovoid, 1.12 long and 0.40 wide, 0.72 apart. Sternal sigilla 3 pairs, ovoid. Anterior pair 0.28 long, 0.16 wide, 4.72 apart, and 0.16 away from the sternal margin adjacent to coxa I. Median pair 0.88 long, 0.24 wide, 3.88 apart, and 0.20 away from the sternal margin adjacent to coxa II. Posterior pair 1.44 long, 0.44 wide, 1.48 apart, and 1.16 away from the sternal margin adjacent to coxa III. Setation: TS (a), long and short dark spiniform setae on entire sternum, sparse on middle surface. TS (b), dark and pallid, short spiniform with filiform ends, at sternal margin. SC, flat grayish brown scales mat covering entire sternum. Abdomen and spinnerets. Abdomen 14.70 long, 8.25 wide, ovular elongated, integument pale brown. Pedicel 1.8, pale brown, dorsally striated. Setation: TS, long brown setae, paler apically, covering entire abdomen, except book lungs and epigynal plate, denser laterally. Book lungs covered with short, pale brown spiniform setae. PTS, dark and short, covering book lungs and epigynal plate, intermixed with semi-transparent thin and short sensilla. SC, grayish brown, covering entire, sparse on book lungs and epigynal plate. All setae pointing distad. Spinnerets (Fig. 12 F): PMS 2.02 long, 0.60 wide. PLS 9.52 long (ant. 3.12, mid. 2.84, pos. 3.56), and 2.88 wide (ant. 1.32, med. 0.92, post. 0.64). Setation: TS, long brown setae, paler apically, covering dorsally and laterally. PTS, dark and short, covering ventrally, intermixed with spigots. SC, grayish brown, sparse, present dorsally. Genitalia. Palpal organ (Fig. 14 A – E): almost 1 / 2 of palp tibia length (POI 48.35). Tegulum length 1.91, width 1.78. Embolus length 2.79, basal width 1.11, middle length 0.33, tip 0.21 wide. Tegulum globular, widest medially, subtegular ridge (StR) pronounced (Fig. 14 A, B). Embolus 146 times longer than tegulum (EMI 146.07), robust at the base (Fig. 14 A, B), tapering distally, Embolus has long and thick prolateral superior keel (PS) from base to tip (Fig. 14 A, B) but stout at the tip (Fig. 14 E); prolateral inferior keel (PI) short, emerged from the tip to rear at apical 1 / 5, located below PS and embolic opening (Op) (Fig. 14 E); apical keel (A) very short, emerged almost at the tip (Fig. 14 E); embolic opening (Op) located between PS and PI near the tip (Fig. 14 E). Basal lobe pronounced and broad, projected proximally (Fig. 14 B). Palpal tibia long and cylindrical (Fig. 15 B, C). Legs. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. RF ~ 110.99, LLI (I) 20.90, LLI (IV) 18.83, DLI (I) 20.85, DLI (IV) 18.67, TI (IV) 44.03, MI (IV) 108.80. Leg lengths total (fem., pat., tib., met., tar. / cym.): Palp 31.51 (11.24, 6.82, 9.72, n / a, 3.73), Leg I 64.31 (17.72, 9.63, 16.01, 13.19, 7.76), Leg II 53.39 (14.59, 7.88, 12.36, 11.65, 6.91), Leg III 45.83 (12.24, 6.31, 9.63, 11.51, 6.14), Leg IV 57.94 (15.47, 6.89, 13.86, 15.08, 6.64). Leg lateral widths (fem., pat., tib., met., tar. / cym.): Palp (2.53, 2.38, 2.24, n / a, 2.61), Leg I (4.23, 3.21, 2.85, 1.76, 1.39), Leg II (3.85, 3.16, 2.40, 1.58, 1.32), Leg III (4.19, 2.94, 2.47, 1.56, 1.25), Leg IV (3.52, 2.89, 2.17, 1.43, 0.91). Leg dorsal widths (fem., pat., tib., met., tar. / cym.): Palp (2.74, 2.50, 2.07, n / a, 2.50), Leg I (3.56, 3.36, 2.99, 1.93, 1.57), Leg II (3.38, 3.04, 2.45, 1.78, 1.40), Leg III (3.66, 2.75, 2.54, 1.73, 1.29), Leg IV (3.20, 2.52, 2.33, 1.65, 1.12). Cymbium bipartite. Tarsi I – IV transversely cracked, shows transverse weakening or mild pallid region, tar. I and tar. II more anteriorly, tar. III and tar. IV medially. Leg setation (femora to tarsi) and spines. Setation: TS, long, dark brown setae with contrasting pale brown filiform ends, present on palp and to all legs, but sparse to all tarsi, prolateral femora I and II, and retrolateral femur IV, all pointing distad, with some erect rows on leg 1 dorsally. PTS, short and pallid, dense on ventral femur I, sparse on ventral palpal femur, prolateral to ventral patella I, and ventral femur II. FS, prolateral femur I with dense field (less dense than females) of elongated sword-like setae. SC, reflective grayish brown, covering all legs, longer and fine on all femora, pale brown on all patellae. PB, grayish, present on dorsal palpal patella but not long and dense, also present on dorsal palpal tibia but very sparse (Fig. 15 B, C). ETB, short brown setae in pair of thin inverted L-shaped clusters, starting from basolateral to dorsal Met I to II, single cluster on Met III to IV. Cymbium with single cluster dorsally that broadens basally. TB, long and short filiform intermix with ETB in two rows, longest dorsally. Rows of clavate TB, unordered, varying in size, present in all tarsi and cymbium, and intermix with tarsal ETB. CHS tiny, pale brown translucent erect sensilla tapering apically, present on the palpal and all leg femora to tarsi and intermix with tarsal and metatarsal scopulae. Spines: (dorsal-dorsoprolateral-dorsoretrolateral-ventral): Met I (0 - 0 - 0 - 1), Met II (0 - 0 - 0 - 3). Met III (0 - 1 - 1 - 3). Met IV (0 - 1 - 1 - 5). Coxae and trochantera. Coxae: Palp coxa (see Maxillae). Lengths (coxa I, II, III, IV) 7.52, 5.80, 5.20, and 5.60. Widths (coxa I, II, III, IV) 4.00, 3.48, 3.44, 3.88. Setation: TS, long brown setae, dorsally and ventrally; strong and short spiniform setae, prolaterally on all coxae. SC (a), flat scales covering the ventral to retrolateral 1 / 2. SC (b), white, cottony, acicular scales covering the dorsal of all coxae. Patches of fine setal fringe present laterally on coxae, intermixed with short spiniform setae. Coxae I – IV have rows of short semi-translucent bristles, prolaterally, denser on coxae I and II. Trochantera: Lengths (troch. palp, I, II, III, IV) 2.12, 3.52, 3.32, 3.08, 2.72. Widths (coxa palp, I, II, III, IV) 2.48, 3.40, 2.96, 3.12, 3.28. Scopulae and claws. Scopulae: cymbium scopulated ventrally. Tar. I, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse short spiniform setae. Tar. II, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse short spiniform setae. Tar. III, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal two or three rows of strong, long setae. Tar. IV, divided by four rows of strong, long setae. All tarsi with a bald spot ventrobasally. Met. I, almost all ventral surface covered, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse long setae. Met. II, most ventral surface covered, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse long setae. Met. III, covering 4 / 5 distally, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse long setae. Met. IV, covering 3 / 4 distally, divided by two or three rows of strong long setae. Claws: pair of claws present on all leg tarsi with one to three teeth on each claw. Unpaired inferior third claw 0.13, very short, present on tarsus IV (Fig. 15 D). Color in life. Slightly dichromatic, dark on carapace and all femora, and covered with pale brown setae on leg patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi, including trochantera, sternum, abdomen, and spinnerets (Fig. 11 A). Almost uniformly dark brown with a mild purplish blue sheen reflected by scales just after ecdysis, which fades in a few days. Paratype ♀, UST-ARC 0005 (field # R 01 - 05). Body length 53.85 (n = 12: 42.56 – 55.13) Figs 11 B, 16, 17, 18 A, 21 E, F Carapace (Fig. 16 A). Length 18.82, median width 15.61, anterior width 9.47, CI 82.94, LI 66.84, CHI 27.42. Integument reddish brown. Caput profile low and flat, and cephalic region slightly higher. Fovea procurved (Fig. 16 E), width 2.13, with curve length 2.22. Distance of fovea to posterior carapace margin 4.74, distance to ocular tubercle 10.67. Setation: TS (a), long, thin, pale brown setae at the margin of carapace, directed anteriorly; TS (b), long, strong, dark brown setae and pale brown apically, intermixed with TS (a) and SC (b), at clypeus, and one or two at top of OT between AMEs; TS (c), rows of short pale brown or dark brown setae, pale brown apically, that runs to radial grooves pointing to fovea; SC (a), short, flat, pale brown scales covering anterior 1 / 2 surface of OT; SC (b), mat of satiny white acicular scales covering carapace but sparse to absent medially and greater on margin, most directed anteriorly (denser and longer on male). Eyes (Fig. 16 A, B). Ocular tubercle (OT) length 2.16, width 2.99. Clypeus 1.2. Eyes anterior row slightly procurved, posterior row recurved. Eyes: AME 0.68 (round), ALE 0.85 (ovoid), PME 0.54 (ovoid), PLE 0.52 (ovoid). Interocular distances: AME - AME 0.34, PLE - PLE 2.16, ALE - ALE 1.69, PME - PME 1.34, ALE - PLE 0.20, AME - ALE 0.19, AME - PME 0.06, ALE - PME 0.27, PME - PLE 0.20, AME - PLE 0.57. EI (AME) 3.61, EI (ALE) 4.52. Chelicerae (Fig. 17 A – D). Dorsal length 11.48, dorsal width 4.79, lateral width 67.46. Fang curve length 8.86. Prolateral surface (Fig. 17 B): reddish brown, darker distally and paler proximally, long brown fine setae at lower surface, darker and longer at lowest portion above teeth. Intercheliceral pegs are absent but with rows of stiff setae. Retrolateral surface (Fig. 17 A): integument, upper 2 / 3 dark brown, lower surface reddish brown to amber, flat whitish scales (SC a), fine, white, cottony acicular (SC b), and long, strong tactile setae (TS) covering dorsal and upper retrolateral surface, greater anteriorly, patch of fine and long, mostly slightly curved setae at posterior area of lower retrolateral surface, patch of very fine straight setae at anterior area of retrolateral surface, proximomedial setae needle form, very sparse. Long pale reddish brown brush of setae, ventrally. Teeth 16 (including 4 uprooted and 5 smaller teeth) (0.13 – 0.51), mesoventral denticles dense, ~ 77, on three or four rows. Lyrate region (Fig. 17 C, D): 234 – 245 strikers on six or seven horizontal rows, unordered. Strongest and longest strikers on lower rows. Primary rows ~ 11 (0.86 – 0.95) long and dark brown, with long, curved filiform ends pointed distally. Secondary rows ~ 140 (0.19 – 0.67) dark and lanceolate with short curved filiform ends pointed downward. Tertiary rows ~ 89 (0.12 – 0.15) short, pallid, and needleform. Long, pallid pseudostrikers present ventrally. Maxillae (Fig. 17 E, F). Prolaterally planoconvex, anterior lobe well pronounced, cuspules on inner basoventral surface ~ 365. Stridulatory organ (Fig. 17 F): ~ 370 bacilliform rods, in nine or ten rows, form a long and dense ovoid patch, proximally truncated, distally mildly pointed (3.47 long, 1.71 high). Short bacilliform rods 0.21 – 0.51, with pointed ends. Longer rods 0.49 – 0.84, paddle-shaped, with paddle blades 0.23 – 0.36 long and pointed ends, with thick, strong shafts slightly curved outward located at lowest rows. Paddles are flattened perpendicularly to maxillary surface. Total number of rods with paddle blades ~ 40, ~ 10 of them have well-defined paddle blades. Setation: TS, brown setae, with upper part paler, present dorsally and ventrally, longest ventrally. Proximodorsal surface with erect pallid fine setae. Lyrate patch surrounded by fine setae. Above maxilla suture with two rows of ~ 24 stiff dark TS. SC, flat whitish scales covering dorsal surface. Labium and sternum. Labium (Fig. 16 D) length 2.76, width 3.45, integument reddish brown, paler anteriorly. Labial cuspules ~ 759 (0.05 – 0.08), dark, at apical 1 / 3. Setation: TS (a), long, brown with filiform ends, covering labium anteriorly and laterally except on cuspule cluster, longer and greater at anterior edge, all pointing anteriorly. TS (b), dark, spiniform, on posterior surface. Sternum (Fig. 16 C) length 8.04, width 7.88, integument pale brown, slightly darker at margin. Posterior sternal corner acuminate, lateral corners weakly acuminate. Labiosternal sigilla ovoid, 1.36 long and 0.49 wide, 1.15 apart. Sternal sigilla three pairs, ovoid. Anterior pair 0.48 long, 0.30 wide, 4.60 apart, and 0.67 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa I. Median pair 0.48 long, 0.30 wide, 4.92 apart, and 0.52 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa II. Posterior pair 1.64 long, 0.55 wide, 1.90 apart, and 1.38 away from sternal margin adjacent to coxa III. Setation: TS (a), long and short dark spiniform setae on entire sternum, less concentrated on middle surface. TS (b), dark and pallid, short spiniform with filiform ends, at sternal margin. SC, grayish brown flat scale mat covering entire sternum. Abdomen and spinnerets. Abdomen 23.55 long, 16.33 wide, ovular elongated, integument pale brown. Pedicel 1.87, brown, dorsally striated. Setation: TS (a), long brown setae, paler apically, covering entire abdomen except book lungs and epigynal plate, shorter ventrally. Book lungs covered with short brown spiniform setae. TS (b), dark short paddle-like, covering entire epigynal plate densely, intermixed with semi-transparent thin and short sensilla, and long spiniform setae anteriorly. SC, flat grayish brown scales, covering entire area, darker on epigynal plate. All setae pointing distad. Spinnerets: PMS 2.40 long, 0.84 wide. PLS 10.76 long (ant. 3.72, mid. 3.08, pos. 3.96), 4.08 wide (ant. 1.68, mid. 1.32, pos. 1.08). Setation: TS (a), long brown setae, paler apically, covering dorsally and laterally. TS (b), dark short paddle-like, covering ventrally. Spigots present on all segments ventrally. SC, flat grayish brown scales, sparse, present dorsally. Genitalia. Spermathecae unilobed, not fused. Lobe length 1.25, width 0.93, basal width 1.10, very broad and short tombstone-shaped spermathecal lobe with rounded ends and almost parallel lateral margins (Fig. 18 A). Entirely sclerotized, greater apically and weaker basally. Lobes close to each other, separated by 0.07. Epigastric fold 3.96 long. Legs. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. RF ~ 104.28., LLI (I) 24.43, LLI (IV) 21.84, DLI (I) 23.37, DLI (IV) 20.48, (MI (IV) 126.80, TI (IV) 50.92. Leg lengths total (fem., pat., tib., met., tar. / cym.): Palp 32.07 (10.72, 6.28, 7.92, n / a, 7.15), Leg I 61.35 (16.42, 10.08, 14.29, 11.65, 8.91) Leg II 48.54 (13.13, 8.06, 10.90, 10.10, 6.35), Leg III 42.60 (11.33, 6.30, 8.48, 10.35, 6.14), Leg IV 58.83 (15.07, 7.66, 12.39, 15.71, 8.00). Leg lateral widths (fem., pat., tib., met., tar. / cym.): Palp (3.95, 2.50, 2.68, n / a, 0.93), Leg I (4.31, 3.50, 3.02, 2.49, 1.67), Leg II (4.13, 3.28, 2.54, 1.78, 1.41), Leg III (3.69, 3.05, 2.66, 1.74, 1.33), Leg IV (4.06, 3.11, 2.86, 1.61, 1.21). Leg dorsal widths (fem., pat., tib., met., tar. / cym.): Palp (2.67, 2.42, 2.46, n / a, 1.70), Leg I (3.42, 3.66, 3.04, 2.31, 1.91), Leg II (3.20, 2.94, 2.51, 2.04, 1.73), Leg III (3.54, 2.60, 2.45, 1.89, 1.64), Leg IV (3.34, 2.79, 2.62, 1.75, 1.55). Tarsus I – V with transverse weakening, tar. I and tar. II more anteriorly, tar. III and tar. IV medially. Leg setation (femora to tarsi) and spines. Setation: TS (a), long and short brown spiniform setae, paler on upper part, covering all over palp and legs except to median to lower prolateral palpal femur surface and leg I and II prolateral femora, longest on palpal tibia and ventral palpal femur, and all leg femora, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi. Leg retrolateral femur IV with stout setae. All pointing distad but erect on all ventral femora. TS (b), dark paddle-like setae, present on palp (prolateral to ventral distal femur, patella, and proximal tibia), leg I (dorsolateral and ventral femur, ventral to prolateral patella, and proximal tibia), leg II (prolateral and ventral femur, patella, and proximal tibia), and leg III and IV (ventral femora). Very dense on ventral femora I and II and prolateral tibia I and femora II. FS, prolateral femur I with a dense field of short sword-like TS (Fig. 21 F), similar to TS (b) but shorter and with pointed ends. SC, reflective, flat, grayish brown scales, pale brown on all dorsal patellae, covering all legs and palp except prolateral palpal femur proximally, which leaves an ovoid smooth surface. Other sensory setae: ETB, short brown setae in two thin inverted L-shaped clusters, starting from basolateral to dorsal Met I to II, and a single cluster on Met III to IV. TB (a), long and short filiform TB intermix with ETB in two rows, longest dorsally. TB (b) rows of unordered clavate TB, varying in size, present to all tarsi, and intermix with tarsal ETB. CHS, tiny pale brown translucent erect sensilla tapering apically, present on palpal and all leg femora to tarsi, and also intermixes with tarsal and metatarsal scopulae. Spines: (dorsal-dorsoprolateral-dorsoretrolateral-ventral): Met I (0 - 0 - 0 - 1), Met II (0 - 0 - 0 - 3). Met III (0 - 1 - 1 - 3). Met IV (0 - 1 - 1 - 3). Coxae and trochantera. Coxae: Palp coxa (see Maxillae). Lengths (coxa I, II, III, IV) 8.42, 7.28, 5.72, 6.12. Widths (coxa I, II, III, IV) 4.40, 4.04, 3.88, 4.28. Setation: TS, long brown setae dorsally and ventrally, strong and short spiniform setae prolaterally on all coxae. SC (a), flat scales covering ventral to retrolateral 1 / 2. SC (b), white cottony acicular covering dorsal of all coxae. Patches of fine setal fringe present laterally on coxae, intermixed with short spiniform setae. Coxae I – IV have rows of short semi-translucent bristles, prolaterally, denser on Coxae I and II. Trochantera: Lengths (troch. palp, I, II, III, IV) 2.84, 4.32, 3.88, 3.12, 3.64. Widths (coxa palp, I, II, III, IV) 2.92, 3.76, 3.20, 3.04, 3.52. Scopulae and claws. Scopulae (left): Palp tarsus undivided but parted. Tarsus I, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse short spiniform setae. Tarsus II, entire, but intermixed with very sparse longitudinal one or two rows of short spiniform setae. Tarsus III, entire, but intermixed with longitudinal two or three rows of strong long setae. Tarsus IV, entire, divided by four rows of strong long setae. All tarsi with a bald spot ventrobasally. Met. I covered almost all ventral surfaces, entire, but with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse long setae. Met. II, covered almost all ventral surface, entire, but with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse long setae. Met. III, covered 4 / 5 distally, entire, but with longitudinal one or two rows of very sparse long setae. Met. IV, covered 3 / 4 distally, divided by two or three rows of strong long setae. Claws: pair of claws present on all leg tarsi with one to three teeth on each claw. Tarsus IV with a short unpaired third inferior claw. Color in life. Females are mildly dichromatic (Fig. 11 B), with dark brown on carapace, abdomen, palp, and all legs, contrasted by dark femora on all legs and palp. Dark brown legs (except femora) are topped with pale brown setae, sparsely hirsute. Legs and abdomen reflect (by scales) a deep, mild purplish blue sheen. Generally, uniformly dark with a mild bluish sheen after ecdysis, which fades in a few days. Coloration changes, becoming pale brown, as the exoskeleton ages before ecdysis.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
61E4C0E135E55681A12AA8A582E5160C.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. Mature males were collected in September, and females with egg sacs (Fig. 19 E) were found in February. Burrows, not self-dug, were found under piles of coconut husks (Fig. 19 B, G) piles and crevices of metamorphosed limestones (marble) at the roadside embankments (Fig. 19 C – F). They are also found in the beach forest of Bon Bon Beach in the northwestern coast of Romblon Island. The spiders were found on the burrow entrance at night, waiting for prey to ambush. This species is known only to occur in Romblon Island, Philippines (Fig. 22).	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
61E4C0E135E55681A12AA8A582E5160C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a masculine adjective derived from the combined names of the collaborating academic institutions and an organization of the project in which this study is involved, namely, the University of Santo Tomas (UST), Romblon State University (RSU), Mindanao State University-Iligan State University (MSU-IIT), University of the Philippines-Diliman (UPD), and the Philippine Arachnological Society, Inc. (PASI), attached with the Latin suffix - us.	en	Acuña, Darrell C., Dumbrique, Maria Mikaela U., Ranido, Maricel C., Ragasa, Lorenz Rhuel P., Noriega, Charles Nylxon C., Mayor, Anna Beatriz R., Florendo Jr, Gregorio Antonio, Fadri, Mary Jane A., von Wirth, Volker, Santiago-Bautista, Myla R., Guevarra Jr, Leonardo A. (2025): Taxonomic revalidation of Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999 and Chilocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992 based on morphological and molecular analyses (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with the description of a new species from Romblon Island, Philippines. ZooKeys 1233: 139-193, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1233.128056
