identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9A2887A6FFC7FFAAFF198C17FBF03144.text	9A2887A6FFC7FFAAFF198C17FBF03144.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphargus dolichopus Fišer & Trontelj & Sket 2006	<div><p>Niphargus dolichopus n. sp. (Figures 6, 8–11)</p><p>Type locality. Cave Suvaja pećina, Lušci polje, Sanski most, Bosnia and Herzegovina Material examined. Suvaja pećina, Lušci polje, Sanski most, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 26 July 2004; coll. P. Trontelj; male and female.</p><p>Holotype: female, 17.1 mm; two slides labeled ‘‘B’’.</p><p>Paratypes: male, 16.7 mm, two slides labeled ‘‘A’’; 5 specimens (males and females) not dissected.</p><p>Holotype and paratypes deposited in the collection of Oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani ( Department of. Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana).</p><p>Etymology. The species was named after its remarkably long pereopods VI–VII.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Pereonites I–V without spines, pereonite VII with strong spines dorso-posteriorly; posterior margin of urosomite III dorso-laterally with spines; telson cleft shallow. Antenna I very long (1.3–1.35 of body length). Antenna II lengths of peduncle articles 4:5 is 1:1.3; flagellum short consists of 6–8 articles. Pereopods VI–VII extremely elongated, pereopod VII length 0.97–1 of body length.</p><p>Description</p><p>Head and trunk (Figures 6, 11). Body length up to 17.5 mm. Head length 10–11% of body length; rostrum absent. Pereonites I–V without setae; pereonite VII with 1–2 posteroventral setae and up to 12 strong spines dorso-posteriorly. Dorsal spines may be present also on pereonite VI.</p><p>Pleonites I–III with 14–16 dorso-posterior spines. Epimeral plate II: angle of posteroventral corner approximately rectangular; posterior margin sinusoidal; ventral margin convex. Along ventral margin 2 spines, along posterior margin 7–10 setae. Epimeral plate III: angle of postero-ventral corner acute; posterior margin sinusoidal; ventral margin convex. Along ventral margin 3 spines, along posterior margin 7–10 setae.</p><p>Urosomite I postero-dorso-laterally with 3–4 spines; urosomite II postero-dorso-laterally with 3 spines and/or setae; urosomite III postero-dorso-laterally with 2 spines. At the base of uropod I 1 spine.</p><p>Telson length: width ratio is 1:0.85–0.9; cleft 0.4–0.6 of length. Only 3 apical spines per lobe present, these are 0.4–0.5 of telson length. Plumose setae inserted laterally, in the middle part of telson.</p><p>Antennae (Figure 8). Antenna I 1.3–1.4 of body length. Flagellum with up to 67 articles; each article with 1–2 aesthetascs. Peduncle articles in ratio 1:1–1.05: 0.6. Proximal article of peduncle dorso-distally slightly produced. Accessory flagellum biarticulated; distal article shorter than half of proximal article length.</p><p>Length ratio antenna I:II as 1:0.2–0.25. Flagellum of antenna II with 6–8 articles; aesthetascs absent. Peduncle articles lengths 4:5 is 1:1.3; flagellum 0.2–0.25 of peduncle length (articles 4+5). Peduncular article 4 of antenna II with a row of fine setae ventroproximally.</p><p>Mouth parts (Figure 8). Inner lobes of labium longer than half of the outer lobes.</p><p>Left mandible: incisor with 5 teeth, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; between lacinia and molar row of serrated spines, long seta at the base of molar. Right mandible: incisor process with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis with several small denticles, between lacinia and molar a row of serrated spines; molar process with a long basal seta. Ratio of mandibular palp article 2:article 3 (distal) is 1:1.1–1.2. Proximal palp article without setae; the second article with 9–10 setae groups and single setae; distal article with 1 A group of 7 setae; 3–4 B groups; 37–38 D single setae; 6–7 E single setae.</p><p>Maxilla I distal palp article with 8 apical setae. Outer lobe of maxilla I with 7 uni-, bi- or pluri-toothed spines; inner lobe with 2 setae.</p><p>Maxilla II inner lobe slightly smaller than outer lobe; both of them apically setose.</p><p>Maxilliped palp article 2 with 8–10 rows of setae along inner margin; distal article with a dorsal seta, a group of small setae at the base of the nail. Maxilliped outer lobe with 13 flattened spines and 4 serrated setae; inner lobe with 3–4 flattened apical spines and 8–9 serrated setae.</p><p>Coxal plates, gills (Figures 5, 9, 10, 11). Coxal plate I of rhomboid shape, antero-ventral corner pointed; anterior and ventral margin of coxa I with 8 setae. Coxal plate II width:depth is 1:0.9–1; anterior and ventral margin with 8 setae. Coxal plate III width:depth is 1:0.8; along antero-ventral margin 10–12 setae. Coxal plate IV width:depth is 1:0.9–1; posteriorly slightly concave (0.1–0.2 of coxa width); along antero-ventral margin 11–12 setae. Coxal plates V–VI: only anterior lobe developed; along posterior margin 3 setae or spines. Coxal plate VII semicircular, along posterior margin 2 setae and/or spines. Gills II–VI large, irregularly ovoid.</p><p>Gnathopod I (Figure 9). Ischium with postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.6–0.65 of basis length and 0.8–0.85 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with the distal and 1 additional group of setae; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae and rows of submarginal setae; postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned medially. Propodus rectangular, palm short, convex and slightly inclined. Along posterior margin 7 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 34–37 setae in 7 groups, antero-distal group with 11–12 setae. Group of 3 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine on inner surface and 3 denticulated spines on outer side. Nail length 0.2–0.25 of total dactylus length; along anterior margin 10 single setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Gnathopod II (Figure 9). Basis width:length is 1:0.3. Ischium with postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.6 of basis length and 1–1.05 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with distal and 2 additional groups of setae; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae and submarginal setae groups; posteroproximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned medially. Propodus small (compared to the body) and equal to propodus of gnathopod I. Propodus rectangular, palm short, convex and more inclined than palm of gnathopod I. Posterior margin with 9– 10 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 18–20 setae in 5 groups; antero-distal group with 9–10 setae. Group of 3 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine on inner surface and 2–4 denticulated spines on outer side. Nail length 0.2–0.25 of total dactylus length. Along anterior margin 10–11 single setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Pereopods III–IV (Figure 10). Lengths of pereopods III–IV equal. Dactylus IV 0.5 of propodus IV; nail length 0.35–0.4 of total dactylus length. Dactyli III–IV with dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a spine and a seta.</p><p>Pereopods V–VII (Figure 11). Lengths of pereopods V:VI:VII is 1:1.4–1.45:1.4–1.45. Pereopod VII length 0.97–1 of body length.</p><p>Bases V–VII narrow, length:width is 1:0.5; posterior margin straight, without distal lobes; posteriorly 12–19 strong hook-like spines; anteriorly 5–6 single/groups of spines and/ or setae. Dactylus VII length 0.2 of propodus VII length. Dactyli V–VII with dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a spine and a seta.</p><p>Pleopods and uropods (Figure 10). Pleopods I–III each with 2-hooked retinacles and few setae. Pleopod II rami of 23–24 articles each.</p><p>Uropod I protopodit with 10 dorso-lateral spines; 4–5 dorso-medial spines. Exopodite:endopodite length is 1:1–1.05; rami straight. Uropod I rami with groups of spines and/or setae along inner and outer margins. Endopodite with up to 8–10 setae and/ or spines in 7–8 groups of spines and/or setae; apically 5 spines. Exopodite with up to 19– 21 setae and/or spines in 10 groups; apically 5 spines.</p><p>Uropod II exopodite:endopodite length is 1:1.2–1.25.</p><p>Uropod III 0.4 of body length. Protopodite with 2 small lateral setae and 6–7 apical spines and setae. Endopodite 0.4 of protopodite length, apically with a single spine and single seta; laterally 1 spine. Exopodite of uropod III rod-shaped, distal article 0.07–0.08 of the proximal article length. Proximal article with 8–9 groups of setae, plumose setae and spines along inner margin; 7–9 groups of spines and setae along outer margin. Distal article with 1–2 lateral setae groups; setae set along both margins; apically 3–4 setae.</p><p>Variability. The studied specimens do not differ in spination and shape; minor differences in number of setae and spines may be a consequence of different body lengths.</p><p>Remarks and affinities. In general appearance, N. dolichopus with small gnathopods, extremely long pereopods V–VII without distal lobes on narrow bases and extremely long antenna I, as well as with well-developed spination of pleonites and pereopods, resembles both N. croaticus and N. balcanicus . However, it represents a unique combination of characters that can be found in both species. Short flagellum of antenna II, approximately equal size of propods of gnathopods I and II, shallow telson cleft and spines on urosomite III are characters shared by N. croaticus, from which it can be distinguished by the presence of strong dorsal spines on pereonites VI–VII. These spines are also characteristic of N. balcanicus . However, N. balcanicus has dorsal spination much better developed, also on pereonites I–V; it has a much longer flagellum of antenna II, posteriorly produced coxae V– VI, proxi-posterior lobe on pereopod VII, strong spines on dactyls III–VII, and well developed plumose setae on uropods I–II. On the other hand N. balcanicus lacks spines on urosomite III and additional anterior setae on the carpus of gnathopods I–II.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2887A6FFC7FFAAFF198C17FBF03144	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fišer, Cene;Trontelj, Peter;Sket, Boris	Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Sket, Boris (2006): Phylogenetic analysis of the Niphargus orcinus species- aggregate (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) with description of new taxa. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 40 (41 - 43): 2265-2315, DOI: 10.1080/00222930601086572, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601086572
9A2887A6FFDFFFA1FF1E891BFE76345F.text	9A2887A6FFDFFFA1FF1E891BFE76345F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphargus dabarensis Fišer & Trontelj & Sket 2006	<div><p>Niphargus dabarensis n. sp. (Figures 6, 12–15)</p><p>Type locality. Dabarska pečina, Bosnia and Herzegovina.</p><p>Material examined. Cave Dabarska pećina, Bosnia and Herzegovina; July 2004; coll. P. Trontelj; 1 female.</p><p>Holotype: female, 25.5 mm (two slides).</p><p>Holotype deposited in the collection of Oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani ( Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet dabarensis is derived from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Telson with 5 apical spines per lobe, 1 spine on dorsal surface and without lateral and medial spines. Antenna I 0.95 of body length. Carpus I–II with proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), gnathopod II propodus large ([length+width+diagonal] 0.25 of body length;) gnathopod propodi I:II (length+width+diagonal) is 1:0.75. Denticulated spines in palmar corner of gnathopod II on inner side. Coxal plates V–VI disto-posteriorly produced; bases V–VI posteriorly with setae and spines; basis VII with slightly developed proxiposterior lobe; all bases narrow, without disto-posterior lobe; dactyls V–VII with 2–3 dorsal plumose setae. Uropod I–II with plumose setae.</p><p>Description</p><p>Head and trunk (Figures 6, 14). Body length up to 25.5 mm. Head length 9% of body length; rostrum absent. Pereonites I–VI without setae; pereonite VII with 3 postero-ventral setae.</p><p>Pleonites I–III with 17–19 dorso-posterior spines. Epimeral plate II: angle of posteroventral corner sub-rectangular; posterior margin sinusoidal; ventral margin convex; along ventral margin 2 spines, along posterior margin 7 setae. Epimeral plate III: angle of posteroventral corner acute; posterior margin straight to concave; ventral margin convex to straight; along ventral margin 3 spines; along posterior margin 10 setae.</p><p>Urosomite I postero-dorso-laterally with 4 spines; urosomite II postero-dorso-laterally with 5 spines; urosomite III postero-dorso-laterally without setae and/or spines. At the base of uropod I 1 spine.</p><p>Telson length:width is 1:0.85; cleft 0.6 of length; apical spines 0.35 of length. Plumose setae inserted laterally in the middle part of telson. Telson only with 5 apical spines and 1 dorsal surface spines per lobe.</p><p>Antennae (Figure 12). Antenna I 0.93 of body length. Flagellum of antenna I with 65 articles; each article with 1–2 aesthetascs. Peduncle articles in ratio 1:1.1:0.6. Proximal article of peduncle dorso-distally slightly produced. Accessory flagellum biarticulated; distal article shorter than half of proximal article length.</p><p>Length ratio antenna I:II as 1:0.33. Flagellum of antenna II with 19 articles; aesthetascs absent. Peduncle articles lengths 4:5 is 1:1.05; flagellum 0.6 of peduncle length (articles 4+5). Article 4 of antenna II peduncle proximally with ventral row of fine setae.</p><p>Mouth parts (Figure 12). Inner lobes of labium longer than half of the outer lobes.</p><p>Left mandible: incisor with 5 teeth, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; between lacinia and molar row of serrated spines, long seta at the base of molar. Right mandible: incisor process with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis with several small denticles, a row of serrated setae and molar process with a long basal seta. Mandibular palp articles 2:article 3 (distal) is 1:1.25. Proximal palp article without setae; the second article with 9 setae groups and single setae; distal article with 1 A group of 14 setae; 5 B groups; 37 D single setae; 5 E single setae.</p><p>Maxilla I distal palp article with 8 apical setae. Outer lobe of maxilla I with 7 uni-, bi- or pluri-toothed spines; inner lobe with 10 setae.</p><p>Maxilla II inner lobe slightly smaller than outer lobe; both of them with numerous apical setae.</p><p>Maxilliped palp article 2 with 11 rows of setae along inner margin; distal article with a dorsal seta and a group of small setae at the base of the nail. Outer lobe with 15 flattened spines and 10 serrated setae; inner lobe with 4 flattened apical spines and 6 serrated setae.</p><p>Coxal plates, gills (Figures 6, 13–15). Coxal plate I of rhomboid shape, antero-ventral corner pointed; anterior and ventral margin of coxa I with 11 setae. Coxal plate II width:depth is 1:0.8; anterior and ventral margin with 12 setae. Coxal plate III width:depth is 1:0.75; antero-ventral margin with 10 setae. Coxal plate IV width:depth is 1:0.85; posteriorly slightly concave (0.1–0.2 coxa width); antero-ventral margin with up to 14 setae. Coxal plates V–VI: anterior lobe developed, coxae disto-posteriorly produced; on posterior margin 1 seta. Coxal plate VII half-elliptic, ventral margin slightly concave; posterior margin with 1 seta. Gills II–VI large, irregularly ovoid.</p><p>Gnathopod I (Figure 13). Ischium with postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.5 of basis length and 0.7 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus only with distal group of setae; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae and rows of submarginal setae; postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned proximally. Propodus large ‘‘hoof’’ shaped, palm long, convex and oblique. Posterior margin with 14 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 32 setae in 4 groups; antero-distal group with 11 setae. Group of 4 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine on inner surface and 3 denticulated spines on outer side. Nail length 0.2 of total dactylus length; along anterior margin 11 single setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Gnathopod II (Figure 13). Basis width:length is 1:0.3. Ischium with postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.5 of basis length and 0.75 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with distal group of setae; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae and rows of submarginal setae; postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned proximally. Propodus large (compared to the body), much larger than propodus of gnathopod I. Propodus large ‘‘hoof’’-shaped, palm long, convex and oblique. Posterior margin with 17 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 13 setae in 4 groups; antero-distal group with 12 setae. Group of 4 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine and 2 denticulated spines on inner surface. Nail length 0.2 of total dactylus length. Along anterior margin 7 single and a pair of setae (totally 9 setae); short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Pereopods III–IV (Figure 14). Lengths of pereopods III–IV equal (1:1). Dactylus IV 0.45 of propodus IV length; nail length 0.45 of total dactylus length. Dactyla III–IV with dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a weak spine.</p><p>Pereopods V–VII (Figure 15). Lengths of pereopods V:VI:VII is 1:1.25:1.25. Pereopod VII length 0.7 of body length.</p><p>Bases V–VII length:width is 1:0.5–0.55; posterior margin straight or slightly convex; distal lobes absent; posteriorly with 24 (basis V), 13 (basis VI) or 11 (basis VII) setae and spines; anteriorly with 7–8 single slender spines and/or groups of slender spines and/or setae. Postero-proximal lobe on basis VII slightly developed. Lengths relation of propodus:dactylus is 1:0.25. Dactyli V–VII with 2–3 plumose setae; at the base of nail a spine and a seta.</p><p>Pleopods and uropods (Figure 14). Pleopods I–III with 2-hooked retinacles each and few setae. Pleopod II rami of 25–28 articles each.</p><p>Uropod I protopodite with 7 dorso-lateral spines and 5 dorso-medial spines. Exopodite:endopodite length is 1:1.05; rami straight. Uropod I rami with groups of spines and/or setae along lateral and medial side. Endopodite with 8 setae and/or spines in 4 groups of spines and/or setae; apically 5 spines. Exopodite with 21 setae and/or spines in 6 groups of spines and/or setae; apically 5 spines.</p><p>Uropod II exopodite:endopodite length is 1:1.05.</p><p>Uropod III length 0.2 of body length. Protopodite with 2 lateral spines and 8 apical spines and setae. Endopodite 0.5 of protopodite length; apically with 1 spine and 1 plumose seta; laterally 2 setae. Exopodite of uropod III slightly flattened; distal article 0.12 of proximal article length. Proximal article with 6 groups consisting of setae, plumose setae and spines along inner margin and 3 groups of spines and setae along outer margin. Distal article of exopodite without lateral setae; apically 3 spines and 3 setae.</p><p>Variability. Only one female was studied. Another specimen found is preserved in 96% ethanol for molecular analyses.</p><p>Remarks and affinities. Size and shape of propodus of gnathopods I–II as well as position of palmar spines on gnathopod II are characteristic for species N. arbiter, N. salonitanus, N. rejici and N. lourensis . From these taxa, N. dabarensis can be distinguished by features that are shared with N. vjetrenicensis, N. bilecanus, N. hercegovinensis and N. trullipes: large bulge on carpus I–II, disto-posteriorly produced coxal plates V–VI, by the presence of proximoposterior lobe of basis VII, dactyls V–VII with 2–3 dorsal plumose setae as well as uropods I–II with plumose setae. Finally, narrow bases without distal lobes of pereopods V–VII and such a long antenna I (similar as in N. croaticus and N. balcanicus) are not present in any of the above listed species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2887A6FFDFFFA1FF1E891BFE76345F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fišer, Cene;Trontelj, Peter;Sket, Boris	Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Sket, Boris (2006): Phylogenetic analysis of the Niphargus orcinus species- aggregate (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) with description of new taxa. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 40 (41 - 43): 2265-2315, DOI: 10.1080/00222930601086572, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601086572
9A2887A6FFD4FFA7FF138C16FE7F33A8.text	9A2887A6FFD4FFA7FF138C16FE7F33A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphargus lourensis Fišer & Trontelj & Sket 2006	<div><p>Niphargus lourensis n. sp. (Figures 7, 16–19)</p><p>Type locality. Spring of Louros River, Vouliasta, Ionannina, Greece.</p><p>Material examined. Spring of Louros River, Vouliasta, Ionannina, Greece; 25 April 2004; coll. C. Fišer and R. Verovnik.</p><p>Holotype: female, 15 mm; slide no. 4.</p><p>Another specimen found is preserved in 96% ethanol for molecular analyses and is deposited in the collection of Oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani (Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet lourensis is derived from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Pleonites I–III with setae along dorso-posterior margin. Telson with apical spines only; these are very long (0.61 telson length). Carpus I–II with postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length); gnathopod II propodus large ([length+width+diagonal] 0.29 body length); much larger than propodus of gnathopod I (1:0.75). Denticulated spines in palmar corner of gnathopod II hidden behind the palmar spine. Coxae V–VII with single posterior setae. Pereopods V–VII with numerous strong spines. Uropod III very spiny and very short (0.19 of body length); exopodite flattened, distal article with setae along one margin only.</p><p>Description</p><p>Head and trunk (Figures 7, 18). Body length up to 15 mm. Head length 11% of body length; rostrum absent. Pereonites I–VI without setae; pereonite VII with 2 postero-ventral setae.</p><p>Pleonites I–III with 6 setae along dorso-posterior margin. Epimeral plate II: angle of postero-ventral corner sub-rectangular; posterior margin concave; ventral margin convex; at the ventral margin 1 spine, along posterior margin 6 setae. Epimeral plate III: angle of postero-ventral corner acute; posterior margin concave; ventral margin convex. Along ventral margin 2 spines; along posterior margin 6 setae.</p><p>Urosomite I postero-dorso-laterally with 2 spines; urosomite II postero-dorso-laterally with 4 spines; urosomite III postero-dorso-laterally without setae and/or spines. At the base of uropod I 1 spine.</p><p>Telson length:width is 1:0.85; cleft 0.65 of length. Only 3–4 apical telson spines per lobe, they are very long, 0.6 of telson length. Plumose setae inserted laterally in the middle part of telson.</p><p>Antennae (Figure 16). Antenna I 0.5–0.55 of body length. Flagellum with 33 articles; each article with 1 aesthetasc. Peduncle articles lengths in ratio 1:0.85:0.55. Proximal article of peduncle dorso-distally slightly produced. Accessory flagellum biarticulated; distal article shorter than half of proximal article length.</p><p>Length ratio antenna I:II as 1:0.55. Flagellum of antenna II with 12 articles; aesthetascs absent. Peduncle articles lengths 4:5 is 1:1.05; flagellum 0.65–0.7 of peduncle length (articles 4+5). Article 4 of antenna II peduncle proximally with ventral row of fine setae.</p><p>Mouth parts (Figure 16). Inner lobes of labium longer than half of the outer lobes.</p><p>Left mandible: incisor with 5 teeth, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; a row of serrated spines between lacinia and molar and a long seta at the base of molar. Right mandible: incisor process with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis with several small denticles, a row of serrated setae and molar process with a long basal seta. Mandibular palp article 2:article 3 (distal) is 1:1.4. Proximal palp article without setae; the second article with 8 setae groups and single setae; distal article with 2 A groups of 1+7 setae; 4 B groups; 41 D single setae; 6 E single setae.</p><p>Maxilla I distal palp article with 4 setae apically. Outer lobe of maxilla I with 7 uni-, bi- or pluri-toothed spines; inner lobe with 4 setae.</p><p>Maxilla II inner lobe slightly smaller than outer lobe; both of them with numerous apical setae.</p><p>Maxilliped palp article 2 with 9 rows of setae along inner margin; distal article with a dorsal seta and a group of small setae at the base of the nail. Outer lobe with 10 flattened spines and 7 serrated setae. Inner lobe with 4 flattened spines and 10 serrated setae apically.</p><p>Coxal plates, gills (Figures 7, 17–19). Coxal plate I of irregularly trapezoid shape; anterior and ventral margin of coxa I with 6 setae. Coxal plate II width:depth is 1:0.88; anterior and ventral margin with 9 setae. Coxal plate III width:depth is 1:0.8; antero-ventral margin with 10 setae. Coxal plate IV width:depth is 1:0.9; posterior concavity slightly developed (concavity depth between 0.1–0.2 coxa width); antero-ventral margin with 10 setae. Coxal plates V–VI with anterior lobe; posterior margin with 1 spine. Coxal plate VII ‘‘half-egg’’ shaped; posterior margin with 1 seta. Gills II–VI large, irregularly ovoid.</p><p>Gnathopod I (Figure 17). Ischium with single postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.5 of basis length and 0.65 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with distal group of setae only; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally and a row of lateral setae; postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned proximally. Propodus ‘‘hoof’’-shaped, palm long, oblique and convex. Posterior margin with 10 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 25 setae in 6 groups; antero-distal group with 10 setae. Group of 3 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine on inner surface and 4 denticulated spines on outer side. Nail length 0.3 of total dactylus length; along anterior margin 3 single setae and a group of 2 setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Gnathopod II (Figure 17). Basis width:length is 1:0.3. Ischium with single postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.5 of basis length and 0.6 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with distal group of setae; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae, and a short row of setae at the base medially; posteroproximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned proximally. Propodus much larger than propodus I, ‘‘hoof’’-shaped, palm long, oblique and convex. Posterior margin with 12 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 10 setae in 5 groups; antero-distal group with 12 setae. Group of 3 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine and 2 denticulated spines on inner surface. Nail length 0.25 of total dactylus length. Along anterior margin 6 single setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Pereopods III–IV (Figure 18). Lengths of pereopods III:IV is 1:0.95. Dactylus IV 0.3 of propodus IV length; nail length 0.5 of total dactylus length. Dactyli III–IV with dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a spine and a seta.</p><p>Pereopods V–VII (Figure 19). Lengths of pereopods V:VI:VII is 1:1.25:1.25. Pereopod VII length 0.55 of body length.</p><p>Bases V–VII length:width is 1:0.65–0. 7; posterior margin convex to straight; posterodistal lobe small; posteriorly 13 (basis V), 12 (basis VI) or 9 (basis VII) setae; anteriorly 8– 9 single and/or groups of slender spines and/or setae. Spines on articles 4–6 of peropods V– VII, numerous, long and strong. Propodus VII:dactylus of pereopod VII is 1:0.2. Dactylus VII with dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a strong spine and a seta.</p><p>Pleopods and uropods (Figure 18). Pleopods I–III with 2-hooked retinacles each and few setae. Pleopod II rami of 12–14 articles each.</p><p>Uropod I protopodite with 7 dorso-lateral spines and 4 dorso-medial spines. Exopodite:endopodite lengths is 1:1; rami straight. Uropod I rami with groups of spines and/or setae along medial and lateral surfaces. Endopodite with 7 setae and/or spines in 5 groups; apically 5 spines. Exopodite with 7 setae and/or spines in 6 groups; apically 5 spines.</p><p>Uropod II exopodite:endopodite length is 1:1.1.</p><p>Uropod III length is 0.2 of body length. Protopodite with 2 lateral spines and 8 apical spines and/or setae. Endopodite 0.4 of protopodite length; apically with 1 spine and 1 plumose seta; laterally 1 seta. Exopodite of uropod III flattened; distal article 0.15 of proximal article length. Proximal article with 6 groups of setae, plumose setae and very long and strong spines along inner margin; 5 groups of very long and strong spines and setae along outer margin. Distal article of exopodite with 3 lateral groups of setae; groups set along one margin; apically 3 setae.</p><p>Variability. Only one female was studied.</p><p>Remarks and affinities. The most remarkable features of the species are extremely strong and long spines on telson and appendages as well as setae along the dorso-posterior margins of the pleonites. These characters can be found also in N. podgoricensis, which can be distinguished by the presence of spines on urosomite III and plumose setae on uropod I. Another important distinguishing feature between N. podgoricensis and N. lourensis are proportions of gnathopods and the position of spines on the palmar corner of gnathopod II, which in the new species resembles N. arbiter, N. salonitanus, N. rejici and N. dabarensis . However, none of these taxa has such long telson spines or setae along the dorso-posterior margins of the pleonites.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2887A6FFD4FFA7FF138C16FE7F33A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fišer, Cene;Trontelj, Peter;Sket, Boris	Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Sket, Boris (2006): Phylogenetic analysis of the Niphargus orcinus species- aggregate (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) with description of new taxa. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 40 (41 - 43): 2265-2315, DOI: 10.1080/00222930601086572, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601086572
9A2887A6FFD2FF9AFF138827FCE3364E.text	9A2887A6FFD2FF9AFF138827FCE3364E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphargus polymorphus Fišer & Trontelj & Sket 2006	<div><p>Niphargus polymorphus n. sp. (Figures 7, 20–23)</p><p>Type locality. Bileća, Bosnia and Herzegovina</p><p>Material examined. Bileća, Bosnia and Herzegovina; September 1956; coll. B. Sket; 2 females.</p><p>Holotype: female, 16.1 mm; slide no. 3.</p><p>Paratypes: female, 1 specimen dissected, slide no. 2; 5 specimens, not dissected.</p><p>Holotype and paratypes deposited in the collection of Oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani ( Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana).</p><p>Etymology. The name was given on the basis of the mosaic appearance of certain features characteristic of various other species (coxae, bases and number of hooks in retinacles) as well as for the polymorphism of some characters (dorsal setae on carpus of gnathopods I–II, additional spine on dactyl VII), which are usually stable in other species.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Pleonites I–III with spines and some setae along dorso-posterior margin. Telson with 8–9 apical spines per lobe. Coxal plate of gnathopod I antero-ventrally produced; coxal plates II–IV narrow (width:depth is 1:0.5–0.75); coxal plate IV with well developed posterior lobe. Coxal plates V–VI with posterior lobe much larger than anterior lobe. Bases V–VI with disto-anterior lobe equally developed as disto-posterior lobe; basis VII with extremely large disto-posterior lobe. Pleopods I–III with 3 hooks in retinacles.</p><p>Description</p><p>Head and trunk (Figures 7, 22). Body length up to 21.5 mm. Head length 11–13% of body length; rostrum absent. Pereonites I–VI without setae; pereonite VII with 3–4 posteroventral setae.</p><p>Pleonites I–III with up to 29 spines and setae along dorso-posterior margin. Epimeral plate II: angle of postero-ventral corner acute; posterior margin straight to concave; ventral margin convex; along ventral margin 3–4 spines; along posterior margin 11–15 setae. Epimeral plate III: angle of postero-ventral corner acute; posterior margin concave; ventral margin convex; along ventral margin 4 spines; along posterior margin 11–15 setae.</p><p>Urosomites I–II postero-dorso-laterally with 5 spines; urosomite III without setae and/or spines. At the base of uropod I 1 spine.</p><p>Telson length:width is 1:0.75–0.85; cleft 0.7–0.75 of length; apical telson spines 0.3– 0.35 of the length. Plumose setae inserted laterally in the middle part of telson. Only apical spines, 8–9 per lobe, present.</p><p>Antennae (Figure 20). Antenna I 0.9 of body length. Flagellum with 50–62 articles; each article with 1–2 aesthetascs. Peduncle articles in ratio 1:0.8–0.9:0.7. Proximal article of peduncle dorso-distally slightly produced. Accessory flagellum biarticulated; distal article shorter than half of proximal article length.</p><p>Length ratio antenna I:II is 1:0.25–0.3. Flagellum of antenna II with 13 articles; aesthetascs absent. Antenna II peduncle articles 4 and 5 equally long (1:1); flagellum 0.6– 0.65 of peduncle length (articles 4+5). Article 4 of antenna II peduncle proximally with ventral row of fine setae.</p><p>Mouth parts (Figure 20). Inner lobe of labium longer than half of the outer lobe.</p><p>Left mandible: incisor with 5 teeth, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; between lacinia and molar row of serrated spines, long seta at the base of molar. Right mandible: incisor process with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis with several small denticles, a row of serrated setae and molar process with a long basal seta. Mandibular palp articles 2:3 (distal) is 1:1.15. Proximal palp article without setae; the second article with 12 setae groups and single setae; distal article with 1 A group of 16 setae; 6 B groups; 41 D single setae; 6 E single setae.</p><p>Maxilla I distal palp article with 10–12 apical setae. Outer lobe of maxilla I with 7 uni-, bi- or pluri-toothed spines; inner lobe with 8 setae.</p><p>Maxilla II inner lobe slightly smaller than outer lobe; both of them with numerous apical setae.</p><p>Maxilliped palp article 2 with 11 rows of setae along inner margin; distal article with a dorsal seta and a group of setae at the base of nail. Outer lobe of maxilliped with 15–16 flattened spines and 6–8 serrated setae. Inner lobe with 5 flattened spines and 9–11 serrated setae apically.</p><p>Coxal plates, gills (Figures 7, 21–23). Coxal plate I antero-ventrally produced; anterior and ventral margin of coxa I with 14–15 setae. Coxal plate II width:depth is 1:0.7–0.73; anterior and ventral margin with 17–18 setae. Coxal plate III width:depth is 1:0.55–0.6; anteroventral margin with 23 setae. Coxal plate IV width:depth is 1:0.7–0.8; postero-distally remarkably widened (postero-distal lobe exceeds 0.2 coxa width); antero-ventral margin with 31 setae. Coxal plates V–VI: posterior lobe much larger than anterior lobe; along posterior margin 6–7 setae, distally spine/very strong seta. Coxal plate VII half-elliptic, ventral margin slightly concave; posterior margin with 2 setae. Gills II–VI large, irregularly ovoid.</p><p>Gnathopod I (Figure 21). Ischium with single postero-distal row of setae row. Carpus 0.6– 0.65 of basis length and 0.95–1 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with distal group of setae, additional groups may be present; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae and submarginal setae groups; postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned proximally. Propodus rectangular, palm short, convex and slightly inclined. Posterior margin with 14 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 35–40 setae in 5 groups; antero-distal group with 14–15 setae. Group of 3–4 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, 1–2 supporting spines on inner surface and 4 denticulated spines on outer side. Nail length 0.23 of total dactylus length; along anterior margin 7–8 single setae and a distal group of 2 setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Gnathopod II (Figure 21). Basis width:length is 1:0.3. Ischium with single postero-distal row of setae. Carpus 0.6–0.65 of basis length and 1.1–1.15 of propodus length. Anterior margin of carpus with distal group of setae, sometimes additional groups of setae are present; carpus posteriorly with transverse rows of setae proximally, a row of lateral setae and submarginal setae groups; postero-proximal bulge large (1/3 of carpus length), positioned proximally. Gnathopod II propodus small (compared to the body) and larger than propodus of gnathopod I. Propodus rectangular, palm short, convex and slightly inclined. Posterior margin with 17–18 rows of denticulated setae. Anterior margin with 15 setae in 4–5 groups; antero-distal group with 12–15 setae. Group of 4–5 facial setae proximally of palmar spine; small groups of surface setae present. Palmar corner with strong palmar spine, single supporting spine on inner surface and 3 denticulated spines on outer side. Nail length 0.2 of total dactylus length; along anterior margin 6–7 single setae and a distal group of 2 setae; short setae along inner margin present.</p><p>Pereopods III–IV (Figure 22). Lengths of pereopods III–IV equal (1:1). Dactylus IV 0.5 of propodus IV length; nail length 0.4 of total dactylus length. Dactyli III–IV with dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a spine and a seta.</p><p>Pereopods V–VII (Figure 23). Lengths of pereopods V:VI:VII is 1:1.15–1.2:1.01–1.15. Pereopod VII length 0.6–0.65 of body length.</p><p>Bases V–VI length:width is 1:0.75–0.8; anterior and posterior margins convex; distoanterior lobe equally large or larger than disto-posterior lobe; posterior margin with 33–34 (basis V) and 24–25 (basis VI) setae; anterior margin with 10–13 single and/or groups of slender spines and/or setae. Dactyla V–VI with 2–3 plumose setae, at the base of nail a spine and a seta.</p><p>Basis VII length:width is 1:0.85–0.9; posterior margin convex with large disto-posterior lobe; posteriorly with 21–22 setae and spines; anteriorly with 10–11 single and/or groups of slender spines and/or setae. Propodus:dactylus is 1:0.2–0.25. Dactylus VII with 2–3 dorsal plumose seta; at the base of nail a spine and a seta, additional spine on inner margin may occur.</p><p>Pleopods and uropods (Figure 22). Pleopods I–III with 3-hooked retinacles and few setae; occasionally distally of retinacle occurs a spine. Pleopod II rami of 24–27 articles each.</p><p>Uropod I protopodit with 7 dorso-lateral spines and 6 dorso-medial spines. Exopodite:endopodite lengths is 1:1.1–1.15; rami straight. Uropod I rami with groups of spines and plumose setae along medial and lateral surface. Endopodite with 10–19 setae and/or spines in 4–7 groups of spines and/or setae; apically 5 spines. Exopodite with up to 24–25 setae and/or spines in 7–8 groups of spine and/or setae; apically 5 spines.</p><p>Uropod II exopodite:endopodite lengths is 1:1.1.</p><p>Uropod III length 0.17–0.18 of body length. Protopodite with 2 lateral setae; 9–10 apical spines and/or setae. Endopodite 0.55–0.7 of protopodite length; apically with spines and plumose setae; totally with 2–3 setae and/or spines; laterally 2–3 setae and/spines in 1–2 groups. Exopodite of uropod III distinctly flattened; distal article 0.13–0.14 of proximal article length. Proximal article with 7–8 groups of setae, plumose setae and spines along inner margin and 4 groups of spines and/or setae along outer margin. Distal article of exopodite with 0–1 lateral setae groups; setae set along single margin; apically 2–7 setae.</p><p>Variability. The paratype is without additional spine on dactyls VII as well as without additional setae groups along anterior margin of gnathopods I–II. Spine distally of retinacles occurs irregularly. Males not known.</p><p>Remarks and affinities. Niphargus polymorphus resembles N. carcerarius in most characters, from which it can be distinguished by larger body size, spines along the dorso-posterior margin of pleonites and three hooks in the retinacles of the pleopods. Otherwise N. polymorphus shares some characters with N. longiflagellum (wide bases and structure of distal lobes of pereopods V–VII, large disto-posterior lobe on coxa IV, shape of gnathopods) as well as N. steueri (shape of coxal plate I, much larger posterior lobe on coxae V–VI) and N. pectinicauda (narrow coxal plates of pereopods I–IV, large disto-posterior lobe on coxa IV, much larger posterior lobe on coxae V–VI). However, N. polymorphus can be easily distinguished from all these species by the presence of the three hooks in the retinacle of pleopods and a higher number of apical telson spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2887A6FFD2FF9AFF138827FCE3364E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fišer, Cene;Trontelj, Peter;Sket, Boris	Fišer, Cene, Trontelj, Peter, Sket, Boris (2006): Phylogenetic analysis of the Niphargus orcinus species- aggregate (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) with description of new taxa. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 40 (41 - 43): 2265-2315, DOI: 10.1080/00222930601086572, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930601086572
