taxonID	type	description	language	source
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	description	Figures 1 – 5	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male from Pacoti (4 ° 13 ′ 30 ″ S, 38 ° 55 ′ 22 ″ W), Ceará, Brazil, 20. i. 2024, F. S. Araujo col., deposited in IBSP 345148. Paratypes: female with same data, 08. x. 2023 (IBSP 345158). Paratypes from Sítio São Luís, Pacoti (4 ° 14 ' 03.0 " S 38 ° 53 ' 26.0 " W), Ceará, 08. x. 2023, F. S. Araújo. col., 1 ♀ (IBSP 345167); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345161); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345163). Other material examined. BRAZIL. Ceará: Pacoti (4 ° 14 ' 03.0 " S 38 ° 53 ' 26.0 " W), Sítio São Luís, 08. x. 2023, 1 ♀ (IBSP 345145); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345154); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345155); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345164); 28. x. 2023, 1 ♀ (IBSP 345146); 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (IBSP 345147; SEM ♀); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345149); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345150); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345151); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345153); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345157; Photo of Light coloring); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345159; Photo of dark coloring); 1 ♀ (IBSP 345156; Photo of intermediate coloring); 01 / I / 2024, 1 ♀ (IBSP 345183); 20 / I / 2024, 1 ♂ (IBSP 345143); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345144); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345166); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345168); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345169); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345170); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345171; male photo); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345172); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345173); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345174); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345175; SEM); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345176); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345177); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345178); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345179); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345180); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345181); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345182); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345184); 1 ♂ (IBSP 345185), all collected by F. S. Araújo.	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females of Cryptachaea pacoti sp. nov. differ from other species of the genus in that the male palp presents a wrinkled area distally from the cymbium (Fig. 3 E, 5 A) and copulatory ducts bordering the inner edge and almost as long as the spermathecae (Fig. 5 C). The species that most closely resembles them is Cryptachaea digitus, which presents a wrinkled area on the cymbium and conductor with an enlarged apex (see Buckup et al., 2006, fig. 1), but differs from this species in that the femur I is medially thickened (Fig. 1 B) and the embolus is enlarged (Fig. 1 C). The female also resembles C. digitus in having an anteriorly positioned copulatory opening and large spermathecae (see Buckup et al., 2006, figs. 2 – 3), but differs in having rounded copulatory openings and more elongated copulatory ducts, almost as long as the spermathecae (Figs. 2 D; 5 B).	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	description	Description. Male (Holotype; IBSP 345148). Carapace dark gray, with black thoracic groove. Chelicerae orange, with two teeth in promargin (Fig. 3 A) and one tooth in retromargin. Labium and endites yellow. Sternum yellow, with gray borders. Legs orange, except thighs, trochanters and base of femora cream. Abdomen, dorsal view, gray, with black bands on the lateral and posterior edge, and dorsally with several scattered white guanine spots (Fig. 1 A). Ventrally black, with two white guanine spots on the posterior side. Abdomen oval, with very small stridulatory organs. AME slightly larger than the other eyes, separated from each other by its diameter, and closer to the ALE. PME separated from each other by almost its diameter, just like PME. ALE and PLE almost together. Measurements. Total length 2.2. Carapace: length 1.1, width (larger width) 0.9. Abdomen length 1.1, width 0.7, high 0.6. Legs, formula 1423, length I / II / III / IV: femora 1.8 / 1.1 / 0.7 / 1.4; patellae 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.3 / 0.4; tibiae 1.7 / 0.75 / 0.5 / 0.75; metatarsi 1.3 / 0.8 / 0.6 / 0.9; tarsi 0.6 / 0.45 / 0.5 / 0.4. Total legs length: 5.9 / 3.5 / 2.6 / 3.85. Palp (Figs. 1 C – D; 3 C – F; 5 A): tegulum enlarged, with short spermatic duct; elongated and hyaline conductor, close to the distal area of the embolus; rectangular embolus. Female (IBSP 345158). Carapace dark gray, but can vary to light brown (Fig. 2 A – C), with a lighter posterior dorsal edge. Chelicerae orange, with two teeth in promargin (Fig. 4 A). Labium and endites yellowish gray. Sternum yellow with brown edges. Yellowish legs with gray distal area of the joints. Abdomen, dorsal view, varying from dark gray to light brown, but with medial-longitudinal-lateral cream band, with enlarged colulus (Fig. 4 D). Ventral view gray. Abdomen spherical, with stridulatory organs as in male. Eyes as in male, except ALE and PLE separated from each other by about two-thirds of an eye’s diameter. Epigynum (Figs. 2 D, 4 C, 5 B _ D): epigynal plate with concave lateral edges and slightly grooved posterior edge; parallel and short copulatory ducts, between the spermathecae; spermathecae globose; fertilization ducts short, originate at the internal base of the spermatheca. Measurements. Total length 2.6. Carapace: length 1.3, width (larger width) 1.8. Abdomen length 2.0, width 1.8, high 1.9. Legs, formula 1423, length I / II / III / IV: femora 2.1 / 1.1 / 0.75 / 1.8; patellae 0.6 / 0.5 / 0.4 / 0.5; tibiae 1.4 / 0.8 / 0.5 / 0.55; metatarsi 1.5 / 0.9 / 0.65 / 1.1; tarsi 0.75 / 0.5 / 0.5 / 0.55. Total legs length: 6.35 / 3.8 / 2.8 / 4.5. Variation. Among females, at least three shades of color were observed on the abdomen (Fig. 2 A – C). Two colors are more common among populations, the dark form and the lighter one. Some specimens have intermediate coloring, but this is represented in only 20 % of the specimens sampled. Males varied little in coloration, and the majority of specimens followed the dark pattern (Fig. 1 A). Measurements: males (n = 10) - total length 1.8 – 2.0; carapace 1 – 1.1; femur I 1.5 – 2.0; females (n = 10) - total length 2.8 – 3.3; carapace 1.2 – 1.45; femur I 1.6 – 2.2.	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Known only of the type locality (Fig. 6).	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
981187CFF42CFF8EFF44CF605747FF2D.taxon	biology_ecology	Host-parasitoid interaction Of the 1,240 Cryptachaea pacoti sp. nov. spiders inspected in the field, 149 were carrying immature stages of the Zatypota riverai wasp (Figure 7 A – D). The immature stages of the wasp were attached to the dorsal posterolateral (N = 88) (Figure 7 B – C) and anterolateral part of the abdomen (N = 61) (Figure 7 A). Of the total number of parasitized spiders found, 61 had wasp eggs attached to their abdomen; 35 had first-instar larvae (a characteristic observed by the absence of segmentations); 28 had second-instar larvae (where they already had apparent segmentations), and 25 spiders had third-instar larvae, a characteristic observed by the appearance of retractable dorsal tubercles that are defined in the final stage of larval development, when the spider is about to be killed. In the laboratory, the pupal stage lasted on average 10 days (maximum = 15; minimum = 7; N = 18). Additionally, we found 39 Z. riverai cocoons present on the leaf used as shelter by C. pacoti sp. nov. (Figure 7 E), which were also included in the parasitoidism rate. Frequency of parasitoidism in wasp-spider interactions The abundance of parasitized C. pacoti individuals did not vary significantly over the year (G test: G = 48.547; d. f. = 80; p = 0.97), (Table 1). However, there is a peak of abundance between the months of April and May (Rayleigh’s test: z = 13.219; p <0.0001). Additionally, the frequency of parasitoidism also showed a marked peak between the months of March and May (Rayleigh’s test: z = 6.815; p = 0.001), with a mean parasitoidism percentage rate of 14.9 % ± 4.5 (Figure 8). Association of rainfall and temperature with parasitoidism We detected a positive relationship between parasitoidism rate and rainfall (Pearson correlation: R = 0.69, p = 0.013) (Fig. 9 B) and no relationship between total spider abundance and precipitation (Pearson correlation: R = 0.25, p = 0.42, Fig. 9 A). On the other hand, temperature was negatively related to both: total spider abundance (Pearson correlation: R = - 0.69, p = 0.013) (Fig. 9 C) and parasitoidism rate (Pearson correlation: R = - 0.57, p = 0.051) (Fig. 9 D).	en	Araújo, Fláildo Da Silva, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, Pereira, Luis Campili, Bonilla, German Antonio Villanueva-, Sobczak, Jober Fernando (2025): Cryptachaea pacoti, a new species of spider from Brazil (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on parasitoid-host interaction under the influence of abiotic factors. Zootaxa 5642 (3): 271-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.3.5
