identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9C3787B8AE75FF90FC06FAB1C258FBA2.text	9C3787B8AE75FF90FC06FAB1C258FBA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buluka frederiquebakkerae Hovorka & Boudreault & Achterberg & Fernandez-Triana 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Buluka frederiquebakkerae Hovorka &amp; Fernandez-Triana sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 14)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Indonesia, North Maluku, Sula Islands, Pulau Mangole, Buluhaya, approx. 1°51′ S, 125°49′ E; 90 m a.s.l.</p>
            <p> Type material.   HOLOTYPE: ♀, “ INDONESIA:  Sula Isl. / Mangole, Buluhaya / Mal. Trap. 18, c 90 m / 6.-23.iii.1995, C. v. Ach- / terberg &amp; Y. Yasir, RMNH [p] // CNC / 281635 [p]”. Deposited in RMNH. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Among the species with gena and vertex smooth, the posterior rim of metasoma not overhanging the posterior margin of metasoma, T1 and T2 only partially yellow, with the yellow not covering the full width of the tergite, scutellum punctate-reticulate to rugose, and T2 and T3 with longitudinal striae only anteriorly,  Buluka frederiquebakkerae sp. nov. can be recognized by its propodeal spiracle surrounded by a well-developed cristula which delimits a relatively small, smooth, polished area (large in  B. taiwanensis ), and forewing basal and subbasal cells almost without setae or just apically with setose area around infuscation (fully setose in  B. achterbergi and  B. quickei ).  Buluka frederiquebakkerae can be distinguished from  B. buntikae sp. nov. by the characters discussed in the diagnosis of that species, and from  B. longi sp. nov. , which shares similar characteristics, by mesotibia and the first segment of metatarsus white-yellow; T 2 in anterior 0.5 (laterally) or 0.7–0.8 (centrally) with sculpture consisting of striae that delimit elongated areas, reticulate sculpture limited to the posterior part of T2; and T2 with pentagonal yellow area narrowing posteriorly. </p>
            <p>Description. Female (Fig. 14). Head in anterior view 0.77× as long as wide medially, setose; first flagellomere 1.1× as long as second flagellomere, 4.4× as long as wide; second flagellomere 4.2× as long as wide; fifteenth flagellomere 1.3× as long as wide; face smooth, sparsely setose; frons setose; vertex smooth; gena smooth and setose; eyes setose, diverging behind antennal sockets; clypeus slightly concave, smooth and densely setose; ratio of maximum head width to minimum face width 2.32 (86/37).</p>
            <p>Mesosoma. 1.39× as long as high; mesoscutum punctate anteriorly and laterally; notaular courses and posterior margin of mesoscutum reticulate rugose, with strong white setae; scutellar sulcus with 7 medial carinae; scutellum areolate rugose, setose with strong white setae along lateral and posterior margin; propodeum with medial carina not straight, polished and smooth area anteriorly, with incomplete rugosity near median carina and posterior margin of propodeum, setose laterally; propodeal spiracle surrounded by cristulae; area around propodeal spiracle smooth, not reaching anteriorly to fore margin of propodeum; pronotum crenulate posteriorly; mesopleuron rugose punctate, setose, smooth and glabrous anteriorly; metapleuron smooth and glabrous antero-medially, posterior part rugose punctate, setose.</p>
            <p>Metasoma. Posterior rim of metasoma shorter than carapace; T1 with smooth median longitudinal groove basally with polished area in basal medial half; T1 0.6× as long as wide apically, areolate in apical half (laterally) with small enclosed area centrally; T2 0.5× as long as wide apically with anterior 0.5 (laterally) or anterior 0.7–0.8 (centrally) with sculpture consisting of striae that delimit elongated areas, reticulated sculpture limited to posterior 0.5 (laterally) or posterior 0.2–0.3 (centrally); second metasomal suture deep basally, shallow and wide apically; T 3 in basal 0.3 with strong longitudinal striae with polished area in between; apex of T3 fully sculptured without polished area; ovipositor sheath setose apically with two spatulate sensillae.</p>
            <p>Legs. Metacoxa large, setose dorsally and ventrally, punctate reticulate, with distinct transversal striae apically; metafemur 3.4× as long as wide; metatibia 6.0× as long as wide; inner metatibial spur 0.6× as long as basitarsus; metatarsal claw with one tooth.</p>
            <p>Wings. Fore wing 3.11× as long as wide; 1 st discal and 1 st subdiscal cell setose; basal and subbasal cell glabrous, only setose in their 0.2 apically; pterostigma 3.5× as long as wide; 2RS vein of fore wing about 2× as long as r-m vein.</p>
            <p>Measurements. Body length: 2.4 mm; fore wing length: 2.4 mm; second flagellomere length/width: 4.2; fifteenth antennal segment length/width: 1.3; metafemur length/ width: 3.4; metatibia length: 0.9 mm; carapace length/ width: 1.7; T1 length/apical width: 0.6; T2 length/apical width: 0.5.</p>
            <p>Color. Head yellow to orange; clypeus light yellow; face, scape and pedicel yellow-orange; frons gena and vertex orange to brown; palpi white-yellow; mesosoma black; fore legs yellow-orange; mesocoxa and femora yellow-orange, tibiae together with tarsal segments 1–4 white-yellow, telotarsi yellow; metacoxa black; metatrochanter, metatrochantellus and metafemora dark brown; metatibia dark brown with apical 0.3 white-yellow; hind basitarsus white-yellow; hind tarsal segments 2–4 white-yellow; hind telotarsus brown; tegula brown; wing venation light brown to white-yellow; fore wing widely infuscate throughout below pterostigma and around vein 1-CU; fore wing infuscate area wider than pterostigma; T1 with diamond-shaped light yellow area centrally around medial longitudinal groove, narrowing posteriorly; T2 with yellow pentagonal area, narrowing posteriorly; T3 black; ovipositor sheath dark brown.</p>
            <p> Etymology. Named after Frederique Bakker (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden) in recognition of her curation of the collection of  Braconidae over the years, and for her help in facilitating the loan of a large collection of  Microgastrinae to the last author. </p>
            <p>Biology. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Indonesia (North Maluku, Sula Islands, Pulau Mangole).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C3787B8AE75FF90FC06FAB1C258FBA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hovorka, Tomáš;Boudreault, Caroline;Achterberg, Kees Van;Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Hovorka, Tomáš, Boudreault, Caroline, Achterberg, Kees Van, Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2024): Description of five new species of the rare genus Buluka (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) with an updated key to the world species. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 427-453, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.030, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.030
9C3787B8AE66FF88FE85FA89C3FEF89B.text	9C3787B8AE66FF88FE85FA89C3FEF89B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buluka achterbergi Austin 1989	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Buluka achterbergi Austin, 1989</p>
            <p>(Fig. 16)</p>
            <p> Buluka achterbergi Austin, 1989: 162 , figs 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 28.  Buluka achterbergi : AUSTIN &amp; DANGERFIELD (1992: 18); LONG (2015: </p>
            <p>283); RANJITH et al. (2015: 31, 32).</p>
            <p>Material examined. THAILAND: TRANG PROVINCE: 1 ♀, Khoa Chong, Forest Research Stn., 7°33′2′′N, 99°47′23′′E, 75m, xi 2005, D. Lohman lgt., CNC 281641; SURAT THANI PROVINCE: 1 ♀, Khao Sok NP, Klong Morg Unit, 8°53′44′′N, 98°39′02′′E, 87 m, 10–17.iii.2009, MT,Pongphan lgt., CNC 1152997; 1 ♀, Khao Sok NP, Klong Morg Unit, 8°54′00′′N, 98°39′00′′E, 87 m, 6–13.i.2009, MT, Pongphan lgt., CNC 1143847; 1 ♀, Khao Sok NP, Klong Morg Unit, 8°53′44′′N, 98°39′02′′E, 87m, 10–17. iii.2009, MT, Pongphan lgt., CNC 1152994; 1 ♀, Khao Sok NP headquarters, 8°54′54′′N, 98°31′49′′E, 155 m, 9–16.vi.2009, MT, Pongphan lgt., CNC 1159308.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Malaysia (AUSTIN 1989) and Thailand (new record).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C3787B8AE66FF88FE85FA89C3FEF89B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hovorka, Tomáš;Boudreault, Caroline;Achterberg, Kees Van;Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Hovorka, Tomáš, Boudreault, Caroline, Achterberg, Kees Van, Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2024): Description of five new species of the rare genus Buluka (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) with an updated key to the world species. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 427-453, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.030, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.030
9C3787B8AE66FF88FE87F89BC7E0FE8E.text	9C3787B8AE66FF88FE87F89BC7E0FE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buluka straeleni de Saeger 1948	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Buluka straeleni de Saeger, 1948</p>
            <p>(Fig. 6)</p>
            <p> Buluka straeleni de Saeger, 1948: 65 , figs 26–27. </p>
            <p> Buluka straeleni : NIXON (1965: 265, fig. 337); SHENEFELT (1973: 683); MASON (1981: 121, figs 93: A–D); AUSTIN (1989: 156, figs 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 19, 30); LONG (2015: 282, 283); RANJITH et al. (2015: 30). </p>
            <p>Material examined. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: DEPARTMENT POOL: 1 ♀, Iboubikro, Lesio-Loun Pk, 3°16′12′′S, 15°28′16′′E, 330 m, 25.viii.–1.ix.2008, MT #6, Sharkey M. &amp; Braet Y. lgt., JMIC 0534.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, SouthAfrica (DE SAEGER 1948, NIXON 1965, AUSTIN 1989) and Republic of the Congo (new record).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C3787B8AE66FF88FE87F89BC7E0FE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hovorka, Tomáš;Boudreault, Caroline;Achterberg, Kees Van;Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Hovorka, Tomáš, Boudreault, Caroline, Achterberg, Kees Van, Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2024): Description of five new species of the rare genus Buluka (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) with an updated key to the world species. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 427-453, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.030, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.030
9C3787B8AE66FF8BFCDBFE70C68EF9AE.text	9C3787B8AE66FF8BFCDBFE70C68EF9AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buluka de Saeger 1948	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the world species of  Buluka de Saeger, 1948</p>
            <p>Modified from AUSTIN (1989) and RANJITH et al. (2015) to include all species described till now. For the species not dealt with here, we provide their distribution between brackets, as well as host (only known for one species), references to descriptions and illustrations.An asterisk (*) indicates a new country record.</p>
            <p>1 Gena and vertex striate, at least laterally (Figs 1G; 2A). ........................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>– Gena and vertex smooth (Figs 3D; 5A; 6D; 7E; 9D; 10D; 11C; 13G; 14D; 15C; 16E; 17C). .............................. 3</p>
            <p> 2 Scutellum reticulate rugose medially; fore wing vein 2RS 1.2× as long as vein r-m; T1 with a projection laterally resembling a horn; tegula pale orange; metafemur apically brown to fully black; fore wing without infuscation around vein 1CUa (Figs 1A–D). .................................  B. horni Gupta, 2013 [India. Description and illustrations in GUPTA (2013).] </p>
            <p> – Scutellum smooth and polished medially; fore wing vein 2RS as long as vein r-m; T1 without lateral projections; tegula black; metafemur yellow anteriorly; fore wing without infuscation around vein 1CUa (Figs 2B, C). ............................  B. huddlestoni Austin, 1989 [Solomon Islands. Host:  Imma thyridis Meyrick (  Lepidoptera :  Immidae ). Description and illustrations in AUSTIN (1989).] </p>
            <p>3 Posterior rim of metasoma slightly overhangs carapace in lateral view (Figs 3A; 4A; 5C). ......................... 4</p>
            <p>– Posterior rim of metasoma usually shorter than carapace, if rarely longer, then carapace, in lateral view, not overhanging posterior margin of metasoma (Figs 4B; 6B; 9A; 10A, 14A; 15A; 16D). ................................. 5</p>
            <p> 4 Head mostly brown, darker around vertex and gena; scape brown marked with black, tegula black; metafemur black on posterior 0.7; body length 2.6–3.1 mm; fore wing vein r-m more than 3.5× length of vein 2RS (Figs 3A–G). ........................  B. orientalis Chou, 1985 [Taiwan. Description and illustrations in CHOU (1985) and AUSTIN (1989).] </p>
            <p> – Head mostly yellow to yellow-orange around vertex and upper part of gena; scape and tegula yellow; metafemur yellow with only black spot on posterior 0.1; body length 2.7 mm; fore wing vein r-m less than 2.0× length of vein 2RS (Figs 5A, B, D–F). ........................ ...........................  B. janaorlikovae sp. nov. [Vietnam] </p>
            <p> 5 Propodeum rugose around spiracle, usually without well-developed surrounding cristula, if cristula present then not delimiting smooth area around spiracle, rather with striae radiating from spiracle (Figs 6A–D; see also illustrations in AUSTIN (1989)). ............................. .........................................  B. straeleni de Saeger, 1948 [Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, * Republic of the Congo, South Africa. Description and additional illustrations in AUSTIN (1989).] </p>
            <p>– Propodeal spiracle surrounded by well-developed cristula which delimits smooth polished area (Figs 7E, G; 11F; 12C; 14E). ................................................... 6</p>
            <p>6 T1 and T2 entirely yellow (Figs 7G; 8B; 9G). ........... 7</p>
            <p>– T1 and T2 at least partially black (Figs 10E; 11F; 12C; 13E; 14E; 15E). ......................................................... 9</p>
            <p> 7 Larger species, approximately 3.6 mm in length; ratio of minimum face width to maximum head width 2.3 (Fig. 9). .....  B. townesi Austin, 1989 [India, Malaysia] </p>
            <p>– Smaller species, 2.5–2.8 mm in length; ratio of minimum face width to maximum head width 2.6–2.8 (Fig. 7). ...............................................................................8</p>
            <p> 8 Head black; ratio of carapace length/width (across anterior margin of T2) for female 1.4–1.6 (Figs 8A, B). ……..............................  B. noyesi Austin, 1989 [India] </p>
            <p> – Head light coloured, yellow (face and frons) to yellow- -orange (vertex) to light brown (gena); ratio of carapace length/width (across anterior margin of T2) for female 2.0 (Figs 7A, C, E, G). ...................................... ......................  B. vuquangensis Long, 2015 [Vietnam] </p>
            <p> 9 Metasoma with T1 partially and T2 almost completely yellow (yellow covering whole width of tergite except for black margin on anterior 0.1) (Fig. 10E). …............................  B. petrjanstai sp. nov. [Thailand] </p>
            <p>– Metasoma either completely black or with T1 and T2 only partially yellow (yellow area not covering whole width of tergite) (Figs 11F; 12C; 13E; 14E; 15E; 16F; 17F). ........................................................................ 10</p>
            <p> 10 Smooth area around propodeal spiracle large and reaching anterior margin of propodeum; wings very dark, venation and infuscate areas of fore wing deeply pigmented (Figs 11D, F). .................................................. .........................  B. taiwanensis Austin, 1989 [Taiwan] </p>
            <p>– Smooth area around propodeal spiracle relatively small, not reaching anterior margin of propodeum; wings dark, venation and infuscate areas of fore wing not so deeply pigmented, translucent (Figs 12A, C; 13B, E; 14C, E; 15D, E). .......................................... 11</p>
            <p>11 Fore wing basal and subbasal cells almost without setae or just apically with setose area around infuscation (Figs 12A; 14C; 15D). ............................................. 12</p>
            <p>– Fore wing basal and subbasal cells fully setose (Figs 16A; 17A)................................................................15</p>
            <p> 12 Scutellum relatively smooth antero-medially; T2 and T3 with coarse longitudinal striae covering whole tergites (with rugose background); head reddish-brown (Fig. 12). ..........  B. collesi Austin &amp; Dangerfield, 1992 [Australia. Description and illustrations in AUSTIN &amp; DANGERFIELD (1992).] </p>
            <p>– Scutellum punctate-reticulate to rugose; T2 and T3 with longitudinal striae only anteriorly and reticulate-rugose posteriorly; head of different colour (Figs 13D–F; 14D). .......................................................... 13</p>
            <p> 13 Head with face light yellow, frons, temple and vertex dark brown, small triangular area behind ocelli orange; propodeum reticulate rugose (without incomplete rugosity near median carina of propodeum); metatrochanter and metatrochantellus white-yellow; medial striae on T3 less distinct, short and narrow; impression between T2 and T3 not so deep and its striae close to each other, without polished area in between; apex of carapace with thin, elongated, smooth central area (Figs 13A, C–G). .......................  B. buntikae sp. nov. [Thailand] </p>
            <p>– Head entirely orange-yellow (back of head slightly darker but still orange-yellow); propodeum finely sculptured, with polished area near anterior margin of propodeum (i.e., lacking rugosity near median carina of propodeum anteriorly); metatrochanter and metatrochantellus brown; distinct medial striae on T3 long (and wide); impression between T2 and T3 deep and its striae with polished area in between; apex of carapace fully sculptured without polished area (Figs 14A, B, D–F; 15B, C, E)...................................................14</p>
            <p> 14 Mesotibia and first segment of metatarsus white- -yellow; T2 with yellow area pentagonal-shaped, narrowing posteriorly; T 2 in anterior 0.5 (laterally) or anterior 0.7–0.8 (centrally) with sculpture consisting of striae that delimit elongated areas; reticulated sculpture limited to posterior 0.5 (laterally) or posterior 0.2– 0.3 (centrally) (Figs 14A, E). ........................................ ................  B. frederiquebakkerae sp. nov. [Indonesia] </p>
            <p> – Mesotibia light brown on posterior half and first segment of metatarsus entirely dark brown (almost black); T2 entirely black; T2 almost entirely covered by even reticulate sculpture (Figs 15A, E). ............................... ..........................................  B. longi sp. nov. [Vietnam] </p>
            <p> 15 Area around spiracle smooth; infuscate area behind pterostigma as wide as pterostigma; fore wing vein 2-SR as long as vein r-m; T1 smooth and polished anteriorly with complete medial longitudinal groove; T2 with medial striae extending beyond middle of the tergite; T2 without yellow marking postero-medially (Figs 16A, F). .............................................................. ...  B. achterbergi Austin, 1989 [Malaysia, * Thailand] </p>
            <p> – Area around spiracle sculptured; infuscate area behind pterostigma distinctly wider that pterostigma; fore wing vein 2-SR 1.9× as long as vein r-m; T1 entirely rugose medial longitudinal groove not complete; T2 with medial striae not extending beyond middle of the tergite; T2 with yellow marking postero-medially (Figs 17A, E, F). ........  B. quickei Ranjith, 2015 [India] </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C3787B8AE66FF8BFCDBFE70C68EF9AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hovorka, Tomáš;Boudreault, Caroline;Achterberg, Kees Van;Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.	Hovorka, Tomáš, Boudreault, Caroline, Achterberg, Kees Van, Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. (2024): Description of five new species of the rare genus Buluka (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) with an updated key to the world species. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 427-453, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.030, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.030
