identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A17487D2FFCF0A22FF07F925FC28F8E0.text	A17487D2FFCF0A22FF07F925FC28F8E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysopetalidae Ehlers 1864	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Chrysopetalidae Ehlers, 1864</p>
            <p> Diagnosis (from Watson, 2022). Body length very short to very long; flattened or arched dorsum, flattened ventrum. Prostomium well developed with median antenna (lacking in  Calamyzinae ), two lateral antennae and differentiated ventral palps or simple lobe-shaped prostomium with undifferentiated two lateral antennae and palps; eyes present or absent. Nuchal organs present in all free-living taxa. First or tentacular segment achaetous, with pair of tentacular cirri in most taxa, variable in symbiotic calamyzins. Midbody chaetal segments with dorsal and ventral cirri. Muscular pharynx with eversible proboscis and pair of grooved stylet jaws; terminal proboscidial papillae present except in symbiont taxa; mouth appendages present in chrysopetalins and dysponetins. Notochaetae paleate, spinose or absent; neurochaetae compound and/or simple; chaetal types camerate. Pygidial lobe with or without pair of anal cirri. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Bold text indicates characters present in all taxa within the family  Chrysopetalidae . Camerate paleal notochaetae was initially proposed as evidence for monophyly of  Chrysopetalidae (Westheide &amp; Watson Russell, 1992; Fauchald &amp; Rouse, 1997). Internal cameration of chrysopetalid noto and neurochaetae is seen in all  Chrysopetalinae ,  Dysponetinae and free-living  Calamyzinae ; lack of neurochaetal compartmentalisation in adults of symbiotic calamyzins is hypothesised as secondary loss (Aguado et al., 2013; Watson et al., 2016). Watson and Faulwetter (2017) considered the grooved jaw form, present across taxa in all chrysopetalid subfamilies, as a synapomorphy that supports the monophyly of the family  Chrysopetalidae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFCF0A22FF07F925FC28F8E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
A17487D2FFCC0A21FF38FCE6FE41F9DD.text	A17487D2FFCC0A21FF38FCE6FE41F9DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boudemos Watson 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Boudemos Watson et al., 2016</p>
            <p> Type species.  Vigtorniella flokati Dahlgren et al., 2004 . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis (from Watson et al., 2016 emend.) Very small to moderately large-bodied; length of mature individuals ~ 2 mm for 20 segments to 40 mm for ~ 90 segments, respectively. Eyes present or absent. Pair of stylet jaws present or absent. Notochaetae slender or robust with slight differences in margin serration pattern. Compound falcigerous neurochaetae with bifid joints. Prechaetal neuropodial lobe present in larger species, absent in smaller species. Neurochaetae with swollen inner joint and shallow groove on blades in larger-bodied species; absent in individuals of smaller-bodied species.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The diagnosis was emended to include the very small-bodied new species with paedomorphic chaetal characters (see Diagnostic Remarks). Bold text indicates characters present in all species of  Boudemos . The genus  Boudemos was erected for  Vigtorniella flokati Dahlgren et al., 2004 inhabiting whale falls in the Pacific, and  V. ardabilia Wiklund et al., 2009 from a whale fall in Sweden and fish farms in Norway (Watson et al., 2016). These two larger-bodied species are morphologically almost identical, but molecular evidence support their differentiation. The name  Vigtorniella was retained for the type species,  Vigtorniella zaikai (Kiseleva, 1992) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFCC0A21FF38FCE6FE41F9DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
A17487D2FFCC0A2FFED2F9AAFD24FD78.text	A17487D2FFCC0A2FFED2F9AAFD24FD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boudemos paulinae Watson & Gunton & Kupriyanova 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Boudemos paulinae sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0D045480-D246-41C1-B360-711E154ECF7D</p>
            <p>Fig. 2A–D</p>
            <p> Boudemos sp. — Georgieva et al., 2023, east coast of Australia. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> Holotype. AM W.55400 (body length 1.8 mm for 20 segments, width 0.7 mm, mature gametes 0.04 mm in diameter present).</p>
            <p> Paratypes. AM W.55401 (approximately 100 mostly broken specimens with 6–20 segments; only 2 entire specimens include 7E, L: 0.56 mm, W: 0.35 mm; 12E, L: 0.9 mm, W: 0.55 mm). MAGNT W032913 (1 specimen) . </p>
            <p>DNA vouchers. NHM_240E.</p>
            <p>Type locality. A pilot whale skeleton off Byron Bay, NSW, Australia.</p>
            <p>Description. Body very small, elongate, slightly broader anterior end, narrowed posteriorly. Preserved material whitish, covered in white bacteria. Erect ‘spiky’ notochaetal fans interlocking over dorsum (Fig. 2A–B). Prostomium anterior edge half rounded with prostomial structures only visible in ventral view: two small digitiform lateral antennae inserted towards posterior prostomial margin; two small, glandular, ovoid, fused palps, mid position at posterior base of prostomium; eyes absent (Fig. 2B–C).</p>
            <p>Short, barrel-shaped muscular pharynx with coarse internal septa, terminal mouth papillae present. Two stylets composed of dark brown, toothed, terminal platelets facing outwards; each connected posteriorly to individual elongate, hyaline structures with a mid-way flange.</p>
            <p>Achaetous segment I with one pair of dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri. Dorsal cirri pair, slightly longer, more robust than ventral pair, characteristically project out wing-like, dorso-laterally from anterior end; ventral cirri pair on small cirrophores immediately adjacent to palps (Fig. 2B–C). Notopodia of segment II with notochaetae and pair of longer dorsal cirri; neuropodia with ‘whip-like’ spinigerous neurochaetae, ventral cirri absent. Segment III biramous, notopodia with notochaetae, longer dorsal cirri, neuropodia with slender falcigerous neurochaetae and slender ventral cirri (Fig. 2A, C). Segment IV onwards down body similar to segment III, with medium-size dorsal cirri (Fig. 2A) and slender ventral cirri (Fig. 2B).</p>
            <p>Notopodia in mid-body segments with notochaetal fascicle spread out in erect fan-like arrangement (Fig. 2A). Long, slender, simple notochaetae narrow distally, ending in rounded, almost truncate distal tip; with two rows of serrations. Fascicle comprises longer notochaetae appearing slightly flattened mid-chaetae and marginal serrations spaced far apart; shorter notochaetae more rounded in section with finer serrations (Fig. 2D). Notochaetae number 25–30. Dorsal cirri robust, similar length to longer than fascicle with low cirrophores. Dense ciliary patches present inter-ramally and dorsally (Fig. 2D). Notochaetae chambered internally with horizontal striae.</p>
            <p>Mid-body neuropodia plus neurochaetae longer than notopodia, ventral cirri insert sub-distally mid-neuropodia, posteriorly directed, fusiform, cirrophores barely observable (Fig. 2B). Acicular lobe pronounced, pointed with small pre-chaetal lobe, with long, robust, single neuroaciculae; neurochaetae insert below aciculae. Neurochaetae compound unidentate falcigers, articles slender with small, curved distal tips, dense, fine serration starting immediately below tip; bifid heterogomph shafts, chambered internally with horizontal striae. Neurochaetae inserted in two loosely defined groups, upper 3-4 with longer blades, lower blades gradually shorter and wider; no neurochaetal shaft joint swelling or neurochaetal blade groove observed. Neurochaetae number 15–20.</p>
            <p>Entire pygidium rounded with two anal cirri. Pygidia missing on most specimens with evidence common of part regeneration of posterior segments.</p>
            <p> Etymology.  Boudemos paulinae sp. nov. is named in honour of the first author’s mother, Pauline Cleary, who imbued in her from an early age a love of the sea and a sense of critical regard. Pauline’s ashes are spread at sea offshore from Byron Bay in the vicinity of the whale fall and the abundant life cycle it sustains. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Smaller sized species (&lt;2 mm) compared to its congeners (35–40 mm) and exhibits stylet jaw and notochaetal morphology observed in juveniles of the species  Boudemos flokati . </p>
            <p> Diagnostic remarks. Previously described free-living species  Boudemos flokati and  B. ardabilia are large-bodied,  B. flokati measures 40 mm for 91 segments and the size of  B. ardabalia ranges from 5 to 35 mm and the number of segments from 28 to 82. In contrast, ovigerous females of  B. paulinae sp. nov. reach a length of 1.8 mm. The two previously described species also possess distinct swelling at the neurochaetal joint and neurochaetal blades with a groove. Adult notochaetae are thick and robust with frayed spinule ornamentation (Dahlgren et al., 2004; Watson et al., 2016). Adults of  B. paulinae sp. nov. lack these chaetal characters. </p>
            <p> There are no new morphological characters in  B. paulinae sp. nov. , but their adults (gamete-bearing specimens) possess characters documented for juveniles of  B. flokati . These include very slender simple spinous-like notochaetae with two rows of spinelets, with the shorter chaetae being more rounded in cross-section (Dahlgren et al., 2004, fig. 6c, cf. Fig. 2D). A pair of stylet jaws in adults of  B. paulinae sp. nov. are separated and face outwards with serrated, dark brown terminal platelets and posterior, elongate, hyaline structures bearing a mid-way flange. The same jaw morphology has been described in benthic post-larvae of  B. flokati , while jaws are lost in adults (Dahlgren et al., 2004; Watson et al., 2016, fig. 8A–C). A similar stylet jaw structure is observed in post-larvae of  Vigtorniella zakai (Kiseleva, 1992) , with the stylet bearing typical sclerotised serrate tips (Watson &amp; Faulwetter, 2017, fig. 21A–B). Entire jaws in  V. zakai are present in larvae known for extended feeding in the plankton, while only the terminal platelet jaw is retained in meiofaunal adults that settle in high densities on microbial mats in flocculent sediments (Watson et al., 2016). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFCC0A2FFED2F9AAFD24FD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
A17487D2FFC20A2FFC68FE7BFAFFFB6A.text	A17487D2FFC20A2FFC68FE7BFAFFFB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microphthalmus Mecznikow 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Microphthalmus Mecznikow, 1865</p>
            <p> Type species.  Microphthalmus sczelkowii Mecznikow, 1865 . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Very small bodied. Prostomium with finger-like median antenna positioned mid-dorsum at prostomial posterior edge at level of segment I; pair of lateral antennae and palps positioned antero- ventrally. Achaetous segments I–III each with two pairs of dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri, total six pairs of cirri. Distinctly shorter ventral cirri of segment III compared to five tentacular cirri of three anterior achaetous segments. Sub-biramous parapodia. Notochaetal fascicle absent to less developed; simple notochaetae with one or two rows of subdistal serrations. Neuropodia sometimes with hooked acicula spines; compound falcigerous fascicle sometimes with simple neurochaetae. Pygidium with filamentous dorso-lateral anal cirri and ventral anal lamella lobe with or without fimbriate papillae, with or without medial notch.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The genus currently includes 35 species (Read &amp; Fauchald, 2024b), the majority of which are very small-bodied (~ 2 mm) interstitial organisms living in subtidal habitats (Westheide, 2013; Salazar-Villejo et al., 2019). Deep-sea dwelling species include  M. bifurcatus Hartmann-Schröder, 1974 from 310–500 m in the Skagerrak Strait and  Microphthalmus sp. from sediment and whale bones at 4,200 m in the SW Atlantic (Sumida et al., 2016). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFC20A2FFC68FE7BFAFFFB6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
A17487D2FFC20A2DFC5FFB22FECAFE4A.text	A17487D2FFC20A2DFC5FFB22FECAFE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microphthalmus hvalr Watson & Gunton & Kupriyanova 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Microphthalmus hvalr sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8B8F92D1-309B-4982-92C1-121AE79519F4</p>
            <p>Fig. 3A–C</p>
            <p> Microphthalmus sp. — Gunton et al., 2021: 48, fig. 12 A–C; Georgieva et al., 2023: 177, fig.11 A–F. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype. AM W.55402; 25NE, L: 2.00 mm, W: 0.45 mm, large oocytes (0.12 mm in diameter) present from segments VI –XX. Body comprises anterior end of eight segments, mid- and posterior segments number XVII, including regenerated posterior-most end of five segments with intact pygidium; an additional regenerated posterior end of four segments also with intact pygidium comes off the body at an angle at segment XII.</p>
            <p> Paratypes. AM W.54569 ,  NHMUK ANEA 2022.412 - 420 ;  NHMUK ANEA 2022.434 (about 20 fragmented specimens, including 1E, 23 segments, L: 2.0 mm, W: 0.4 mm; 1 NE 15 segments, comprising anterior end of seven segments plus two mid-body sections, four segments each, with oocytes from segment 6) . </p>
            <p>DNA vouchers. NHMUK ANEA 2022.434, AM W.54817.001.</p>
            <p> Type locality. A pilot whale skeleton off Byron Bay, New South Wales, Australia. This is the first bathyal record for a  Microphthalmus sp. in the SW Pacific. </p>
            <p>Description. Body width similar throughout, colour whitish to pale buff with distinct pharynx (Fig. 3A). Muscular pharynx extending to segments V-VI, with 10 broad, coneshaped pharyngeal papillae visible in paratype; jaws absent.</p>
            <p>Prostomium semi-circular, anteriorly slightly cleft, broader than long. Prostomial appendages and body cirri faintly pseudo-articulated, cirriform to often filiform. One pair of relatively short, cirriform lateral antennae and one pair of shorter palps terminally located; slender, finger-like median antenna inserted mid-prostomium, near to posterior prostomial edge, length extends beyond prostomial edge (Fig. 3B). Eyes absent.</p>
            <p>Achaetous segments I–III bearing six pairs of long, cirriform tentacular cirri; tentacular ventral cirri of segment III comparatively shorter (Fig. 3B). Dorsal and ventral cirri present from chaetigerous segment IV; dorsal cirri of segment IV shorter than those of segment V and onwards. Parapodia down body sub-biramous; notopodia with dorsal cirri, chaetae absent (Fig. 3C). Neuropodia with pointed pre-chaetal lobe bearing slender acicula, blunt postchaetal lobe with larger, thicker acicula. Compound falcigerous neurochaetae of different lengths, number 11–15 in mid-body; slender blades with serrated edge, heterogomph shafts non-camerate.</p>
            <p>Pygidium with one pair dorso-lateral anal cirri, length variable in paratypes, from shorter than, to as long as, to just extending past posterior edge of anal membrane; bi-lobed ventral anal lamella with a shallow medial notch and smooth margins lacking papillae (Fig. 3A, C).</p>
            <p> Reproductive morphology.  Oocytes and sperm were observed in the same individuals. Paratypes include one individual, 15 NE, with large oocytes 0.12 mm in diameter from segment VI, parapodial seminal receptacles and dark brown, tiny, rounded ‘blackberry’ shaped structures, putatively sperm, observed in longitudinal patches from segment VII . </p>
            <p> Etymology. The name,  hvalr , is from the Old Norse which incorporates a number of terms pertaining to a whale, including whalebone, the substrate from which the new species was collected. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All notochaetae absent.</p>
            <p> Diagnostic remarks. Morphological characters used to distinguish species in  Microphthalmus are primarily chaetal and pygidial structures (Westheide, 1967, 1977, 1982, 2013; Westheide &amp; Purschke, 1992).  Microphthalmus spp. are simultaneous hermaphrodites with unique male copulatory organs (Westheide, 1973, 2013), which have also been suggested as morpho-anatomical characters for species discrimination (Westheide, 2013). However, this character has not been used here as histological work was not possible. </p>
            <p> In Australia,  Microphthalmus paraberrans Hartmann-Schröder, 1982 and  M. westheidei Hartmann-Schröder, 1982 have been described from subtidal habitats off Western Australia. Both possess sickle-shaped serrate notochaetae as well as pygidia with long anal cirri and anal plates composed of short, broad ventral lamella with smooth margins.  M. hvalr sp. nov. has relatively short anal cirri and its ventral anal plate is composed of a rounded, smooth lamellate lobe. Thus, the anal plate of  M. hvalr sp. nov. is similar to those of the Australian species except the plate is much rounder and the anal cirri are relatively shorter. </p>
            <p> Most  Microphthalmus species possess 2–12 small simple and/or pectinate notochaetae per notopodium while a subtidal commensal  M. hamosus Westheide, 1982 is one of very few that possesses a single notochaeta per notopodium. The comparison of 38  Microphthalmus spp. by Westheide (2013) and 21  Microphthalmus species by Salazar-Villejo et al. (2019) shows that  Microphthalmus hvalr sp. nov. lacks diagnostic characters other than the absence of all notochaetae. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFC20A2DFC5FFB22FECAFE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
A17487D2FFC00A2DFF0BFE2BFD0BFB38.text	A17487D2FFC00A2DFF0BFE2BFD0BFB38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleijelius Salazar-Vallejo & Orensanz 2006	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pleijelius Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Orensanz, 2006</p>
            <p> Type species.  Pleijelius longae Salazar-Vallejo &amp; Orensanz, 2006 . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Very small bodied. Prostomium with finger-like median antenna positioned mid-dorsum at posterior edge of prostomium at the level of segment I; pair of lateral antennae and palps positioned antero- ventrally. Achaetous segments I-III each with two pairs of dorsal and ventral tentacular cirri, total 6 cirri. Notochaetal fascicle moderately to abundantly developed: simple notochaetae with one or two rows of subdistal serrations. Neurochaetae may include hooked acicula spines; compound falcigerous fascicle may include simple neurochaetae. Pygidium with well-developed pair of dorso-lateral anal cirri and a ventral medial anal cirrus.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pleijelius longae , until now the only species in the genus, has been found on experimental wood panels in the abyss off Massachusetts (Salazar-Villejo &amp; Orensanz, 2006), but these animals appear to be common in wood-fall and whale-fall communities. For example,  Pleijelius cf. longae was reported forming a part of the xalophagid bivalve wood-fall community at 1,500 –3,300 m in the SW Atlantic (Saeedi et al., 2019; Shimabukuro et al., 2020). Undescribed species of  Pleijelius have been reported from whale-fall communities in the SW Atlantic (Sumida et al., 2016). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFC00A2DFF0BFE2BFD0BFB38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
A17487D2FFC00A2BFEFBFB0CFB6EFE0F.text	A17487D2FFC00A2BFEFBFB0CFB6EFE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleijelius keni Watson & Gunton & Kupriyanova 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pleijelius keni sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 4A–E urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 75266D5C-47F3-48F8-8885-D1A89DF52FE7</p>
            <p> Pleijelius cf. longae .— Gunton et al., 2021, SW Pacific, east coast of Australia </p>
            <p> Pleijelius .— Georgieva et al., 2023, SW Pacific, east coast of Australia </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> Holotype. AM W.51570, body nearly entire, 20 segments missing posterior-most segments, L: 2.3 mm, W: 0.7 mm.</p>
            <p> Paratypes. AM W.55403; MAGNT W032914 (16 specimens of  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. identified among a lot of  Boudemos paulinae sp. nov. NHM. 240A. Most specimens fragmented, few entire specimens fell into a similar size range of 25 segments with the greatest length 3 mm. Ovigerous females: 17NE, L: 1.6 mm, W: 0.5 mm, oocytes visible from segment 7, mature eggs 0.08 mm in diameter from segments 13–17; 23E, L: 1.8 mm, W: 0.6 mm; 23E, L: 2.9 mm, W: 1.1 mm; 25E, L: 3.0 mm, W: 0.8 mm. SEM specimen, 19E, L: 1.6 mm, W: 0.5 mm). </p>
            <p>DNA vouchers. AM W.54809.001 and NHM_240A.</p>
            <p> Type locality. A pilot whale skeleton off Byron Bay, NSW, Australia. This is the first record for a  Pleijelius species in the SW Pacific Ocean. </p>
            <p>Description. Body elongate, segments with poorly defined segmental lines dorsally (Fig. 4A–B); pale buff colour with no obvious pigmentation in preserved specimens. Dense, relatively short length, spinous, whitish coloured, notochaetal fascicles, originating dorso-laterally, leaving mid-dorsum bare. Prostomium rectangular to sub-trapezoidal shape, broader than long, with rounded corners. Prostomium not defined dorsally or ventrally by external segmental lines; first ventral segmental line includes segment I (Fig. 4C). Digitiform median antenna arising at posterior-most margin of prostomium at mid-dorsal position on prostomium (Fig. 4A–B); pair of cirriform lateral antennae inserted on anterior prostomial margin (Fig. 4C). Palps inserted just behind former at level of ventral tentacular cirri of segment I; palps same size to slightly shorter than lateral antennae and positioned adjacent level to ventral tentacular cirri of segment I (Fig. 4C). No discreet palphore in most specimens, sometimes faint ‘fold’ present. Eyes absent. Nuchal organs not discerned.</p>
            <p>Large robust muscular pharynx extends to around segment VII. Mouth papillae cirrus-like with rounded bases, cirriform distally; some may be a more cushion-like shape. Mouth papillae number 10, visible when mouth everted. No jaws.</p>
            <p>Segments I–III lacking podia and chaetae, each segment with two pairs tentacular cirri; total six pairs. Dorsal cirri on segments I-III long, slender, faintly segmented with subconical base not defined cirrophores; ventral cirri shorter than dorsal, particularly on segments I and III (Fig. 4C). Biramous podia with notochaetae and neurochaetae start segment IV (Fig. 4B–C) and continue down body.</p>
            <p>Mid-body notopodia shallow mounds with fascicle of spinous notochaetae spread out in fan-like arrangement with shorter spines on inner side of whorl and longer spines in central part (Fig. 4B). Notochaetae number 20–30, spines slightly curved, relatively short in length, shaft may have minute scattered tubercules but distal half to third with the outer margin denticulate composed of two densely close rows of rectangular-shaped teeth extending to distinctive, slightly expanded, truncate, perhaps slightly excavate, distal tip (Fig. 4F).</p>
            <p>Robust, medium-length dorsal cirri from segment IV, with broad bases, narrowing to cirriform tip, not extending in length beyond notochaetal fascicle. Dorsal cirri smooth not articulated, not alternating in size or position down body (Fig. 4A–B).</p>
            <p>Neuropodia composed of anterior elongate lobe and posterior more truncate lobe; large, rounded glands posterior to latter neuropodial lobe (Fig. 4D). Two neuroaciculae present: very slender, pale, superior acicula present at the end of anterior pointed lobe; longer, brown, robust acicula ending mid-way in posterior neuropodial lobe. In one neuropodium of one specimen a single, simple, hookedshaped, slender acicular spine, parallel to but separate from a robust lower acicula, present and very hard to discern. Ventral cirri composed of broad rounded base and shorter, less broad distal part; almost globular–like in anterior segments becoming more elongate in posterior segments. Ventral cirri mid-body about half to two-thirds length of neuropodial lobe. Ventral cirri inserted on lower edge of ventral ramus immediately posterior to neurochaetal fascicle (Fig. 4C– D).</p>
            <p>Neurochaetal fascicle composed of superior long shafted falcigers with longer blades more directed upwards, number &lt;5; mid and posterior group of unidentate falcigers with medium to shorter length serrate blades, number 12–15 (Fig. 4D– E). Superior-most neurochaetae with 1–2 simple neurochaetae positioned above the superior slender acicula, slightly curved with blade-like distal tip bearing tiny spinelets on concave edge (Fig. 4D); simple neurochaetae may present in other fascicle positions. Neurochaetae with bidentate shafts. Internal cameration absent in notochaetae and neurochaetae.</p>
            <p>Nearly all specimens missing posterior-most segments. Entire pygidium comprising two robust, long, dorso-lateral anal cirri and a single anal cirrus originating ventrally, about quarter the length of lateral anal cirri (Fig. 4A).</p>
            <p>Reproductive morphology. Gametes were observed in a nearly entire individual of 17 segments, only missing the posterior end. Large, rounded swollen ventral pads are evident from segment IV. Smaller rounded, swollen structures interpreted as external genital organs are positioned ventrally; they bulge out in between the inferior edge of the neuropodia and ventral cirri and are just visible from segment VII and very clearly present from segments IX, X (Fig. 4D). These appear glandular in function and contain multiple, very small, rounded, dark ‘blackberry’ shapes indicative of sperm. Smaller oocytes were visible through the ventral body wall with larger oocytes (0.04 mm in diameter) present from segment XII to segment XVII. No external penes or copulatory stylets observed.</p>
            <p> Etymology.  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. is named in honour of the first author’s father, Kenneth Watson, who imbued his daughter with a love of nature and scientific curiosity. His ashes are spread at sea offshore from Byron Bay in the vicinity of the whale fall and the abundant life cycle it sustains. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Notochaetae with two rows of densely serrate margins positioned close together; serrations are rectangular in shape.</p>
            <p> Diagnostic remarks. The morphology of  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. and  P. longae is similar, including length and number of segments:  P. keni sp. nov. ~ 3 mm length, 25E versus  P. longae length 3.6 mm, 26E.  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. has a rectangular, narrower body and less dense notochaetal fascicles in comparison with  P. longae which has chaetigers 4–9 broader than preceding ones (Salazar-Villejo &amp; Orensanz, 2006, fig. 3A; Shimabukuro et al., 2020, fig. 5.3C, colour photo of a live specimen).  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. and  P. longae both have 10 pharyngeal papillae; however, their shape is more cirriform in the former and broad, rounded, and mound-like in the latter. </p>
            <p> The obvious morphological difference between the two species is notochaetal shape and ornamentation. Notochaetae of  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. have the distal half to third with two rows of serrate margins densely close together; serrations are of a distinctive rectangular shape. The notochaetal distal tip is slightly expanded, truncate, with a slight concave depression (Fig. 4F).  Pleijelius longae possesses smooth notochaetal capillaries with a row of 2–4 tiny distal denticles, extending to blunt rounded tip (Salazar-Villejo &amp; Orensanz, 2006, fig. 3D). </p>
            <p> Two neuroaciculae, one slender and one robust, are found in examined  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. and in published figures of  Pleijelius longae . Rarely a hooked acicula spine is present additionally to the two neuroaciculae in  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. ; a robust single neuroacicula, which in some podia ‘doubles over’ forming a hook, is illustrated for  P. longae (Salazar-Villejo &amp; Orensanz, 2006, fig. 5B). </p>
            <p> An entire pygidium of  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. has two long, robust dorso-lateral anal cirri and a single anal cirrus originating ventrally; the latter is poorly visible as most specimens have missing or damaged pygidia. Salazar-Villejo and Orensanz (2006, fig. 2A, 3 A–B) describe the pygidia of  Pleijelius longae with two pairs of long, robust anal cirri and no ventral anal structure. Their figures show a damaged posterior end, but a single pair of dorso-lateral anal cirri is visible along with typically compressed posterior-most cirrose segments. </p>
            <p> In one specimen of  Pleijelius keni sp. nov. , contraction, possibly due to SEM drying, has led to the position of the dorsal cirri being much more dorsally orientated compared to the notochaetal fascicle (Fig. 4A) observed in specimens from the same sample. These other specimens have the notochaetal fascicle visible in dorsal view and partially covering the dorsal cirri, as shown in notopodium of segment IV, on the right side (Fig. 4B). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A17487D2FFC00A2BFEFBFB0CFB6EFE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Watson, Charlotte;Gunton, Laetitia M.;Kupriyanova, Elena K.	Watson, Charlotte, Gunton, Laetitia M., Kupriyanova, Elena K. (2024): Three new species of bacterivorous Chrysopetalidae and Microphthalmidae (Annelida) inhabiting a whale fall off eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 76 (5): 249-264, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905, URL: https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.76.2024.1905
