taxonID	type	description	language	source
A56C153CFFD9FFCAFF55FB06FA94FE43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (amended): The monophyly is assured by the molecularly based analyses of Glenner & Hebsgaard (2006) and Pérez-Losada et al. (2008). In addition, the following morphology-based apomorphies apply. All stages, including the nauplii and cyprids, lack any trace of an alimentary canal. The cyprids carry an aesthetasc seta and four additional setae on the fourth antennular segment. The male cyprids also carry a similar, but longer aesthetasc proximally on the third antennular segment. These are all parasites on Crustacea with a life cycle involving an initial and completely internal phase. This starts as a stage featuring an epitheliumenveloped bladder (primordium) containing a small lump of cells (nucleus) that represent the prospective visceral sac with the ovary. The adult parasite consists of an internal ramifying and nutrient-absorbing root system and an external sac (externa) housing the reproductive organs. All parasitic stages are without any segmentation or appendages. Remarks: The morphological diagnosis is derived from Glenner & Høeg (1994) and Høeg & Rybakov (1992). The setation pattern of the antennules is subject to modification and loss within the order (Høeg & Rybakov, 1996 a). A detailed account of the biology and morphology is given by Høeg (1995), Høeg & Lützen (1995) and Høeg et al. (2005). Larval morphology and development are treated by Høeg (1985, 1987, 1990, 1992), Martin et al. (2014), Glenner et al. (1989, 2010) and Glenner (2001). The existing general taxonomy is treated by Høeg & Lützen (1985, 1996), Høeg & Rybakov (1992), Øksnebjerg (2000) and Høeg et al. (2019).	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFD9FFCAFCD3FDBAFA8BFBB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Triangulus Smith, 1906. Type species: Triangulus munidae Smith, 1906. LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 57984 C 8 - 7 B 8 A- 420 F- AD 6 C- 45 E 62 B 5445 C 8 Diagnosis: By the molecular data. Externa asymmetrical or symmetrical. Dorsal mesentery generally broad, ventral mesentery narrower and shorter. Receptacles, receptacle ducts and colleteric glands arranged asymmetrically within visceral mass. Receptacle ducts not ending in small papillae.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDBFFC8FF18F9B4FB0AFEF8.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Peltogasterella Krüger, 1912. Type species: Peltogasterella sulcata (Lilljeborg, 1859). LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 43 B 04 CD 0 - B 6 CF- 4 FAA- 89 DA-E 8 A 0 CD 422 EFC Diagnosis: By the molecular data. Cylindrical or semicylindrical colonial externae all connected to a common internal root system; externae produce only one or two broods (Høeg & Lützen, 1985; Yoshida et al., 2015) and are then replaced by a new generation of externae that do not develop in a one-to-one relationship to the preceding ones.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDAFFC9FCF5FD37FA49FB5E.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Polyascus Glenner, Lützen & Takahashi, 2003. Type species: Polyascus (syn. Sacculina) polygeneus (Lützen & Takahashi, 1997). LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 733 BE 00 - 3 B 81 - 4 C 57 - BC 0 D- 2 A 7 DE 85 BDF 89 Diagnosis: By the molecular data. External morphology resembling that in the Sacculinidae, but external cuticle smooth or almost smooth, normally without excrescences. One or two globular receptacles located at base of stalk, outside ovary. Two receptacle ducts with short, slightly sinuous tubes lined by heavy cuticle. Multiple externae can form by budding from the root system, but are only obligatory in species of Polyascus.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDAFFC9FF37FD9CFD4EFC51.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Sacculina Thompson, 1836. Type species: Sacculina carcini Thompson, 1836. Diagnosis: By the molecular data. Externa laterally compressed. Mantle opening more or less opposite stalk, situated on the anterior margin or displaced to the left side. Thin dorsal mesentery only, extending from the stalk to the mantle opening, but often shorter or absent. Colleteric glands with a number of branched tubes, situated in the central part of the lateral surface of the visceral mass. Receptacles placed either dorsally or far posteriorly in the visceral mass, or in the basal region of the stalk (from Øksnebjerg, 2000).	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDDFFCEFF6CFAFCFC3AFB15.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Polyascus (syn. Sacculina) shiinoi (Lützen et al., 2016). LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EE 2 FD 3 C 8 - F 9 C 1 - 49 EE-AAE 5 - 80176863160 B Diagnosis: As for the family, but, unlike Polyascus, without obligatory colonial externae. Etymology: The name is chosen to indicate the close morphological similarity to species of Sacculina. Species: Parasacculina leptodiae (Guerin-Ganivèt, 1911), Parasacculina oblonga (Lützen & Yamaguchi, 1999), Parasacculina shiinoi (Lützen et al., 2016), Pa r a s a c c u l i n a s i n e n s i s (B o s c h m a, 1 9 3 3) a n d Parasacculina yatsui (Boschma, 1936). Remarks: The genus is paraphyletic, and this is at present the only practical solution. It consists of species formerly placed in Sacculina that by molecular data do not belong in the redefined Sacculinidae, but form a monophyletic unit together with, but not within, the monophyletic genus Polyascus. The type species has recently been investigated by both molecular and morphological methods, and type specimens are available and in good condition. Parasacculina (syn. Sacculina) yatsui has previously (e. g. Glenner et al., 2010) been identified erroneously as Sacculina confragrosa Boschma, 1933 (see Kobayashi et al., 2018). A molecular analysis of the true Sacculina confragrosa has not yet been published. FAMILY POLYSACCIDAE LÜTZEN & TAKAHASHI, 1996 (MONOGENERIC) Type genus: Polysaccus Høeg & Lützen, 1993. Ty p e s p e c i e s: Po l y s a c c u s (s y n. Th o m p s o n i a) mediterraneus (Caroli, 1929). Diagnosis: By morphology as in the study by Øksnebjerg (2000). The molecular analysis clearly separates the only analysed species, Polysaccus japonicus Høeg & Lützen, 1993, from all other families recognized here.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDDFFCEFF19FC92FDF9FA9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Polyascus polygeneus (Lützen & Takahashi, 1997). Diagnosis (amended): By the molecular data. Externa morphology as for the family, but with obligatory multiple (colonial) externae that are replaced in successive generations Species: Polyascus gregarius (Okada & Miyashita, 1935), Polyascus planus (Boschma, 1933) and Polyascus polygeneus (Lützen & Takahashi, 1997). Remarks: The diagnosis is amended from Glenner et al. (2003) by specifying also the obligatory presence of multiple externae, which separates it from the new genus Parasacculina defined below.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDCFFCFFF03FEE2FD16FCE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Clistosaccus Lilljeborg, 1861. Type species: Clistosaccus paguri Lilljeborg, 1861. Diagnosis (amended): By molecular data. Morphology-based apomorphies are a cypris larvae with the fourth antennular segment carrying only a single bifurcate seta situated at the apex. A reduced, near-identical pattern of setation on the cypris carapace is depicted by Jensen et al. (1994) and not found elsewhere in rhizocephalans. The second pair of lattice organs (LO 2) in the cyprids is shaped like a hairpin, another morphology unknown elsewhere in rhizocephalans.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDCFFCFFF01FA3CFAA7F9EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Thompsonia Kossmann, 1874. Type species: Thompsonia globosa Kossmann, 1874. Diagnosis (amended): By molecular data. Morphology-based characters are numerous globular or club-shaped colonial externae without receptacles that emerge simultaneously from the host. and each releases only a single brood. These externae are replaced through several generations of new externae that often appear in increasing numbers. The cyprids carry one bifurcated seta and some smaller setae and structures apically on the fourth segment. The second pair of lattice organs is not different from the remaining four pairs. H o s t s: A n o m u r a, B r a c h y u r a, C a r i d e a a n d Stomatopoda. Genera: Diplothylacus Høeg & Lützen, 1993 (four spp.), Jensia Boyko & Williams, 2015 (two spp.), Thompsonia (five spp.) amd Thylacoplethus Coutière, 1902 (13 spp.). Remarks: The family comprises taxa that originate at node 13 in Figure 3. The family is monophyletic in all relevant analyses based on molecular data. Jensia was formerly named ‘ Pottsia ’ Høeg & Lützen, 1993, but this was a preoccupied name (see Hiller et al., 2015). Høeg & Lützen (1993) gave an extensive account of the systematics, morphology and phylogeny of this family, and to this is added the paper by Hiller et al. (2015). Among all Rhizocephala, Thompsoniidae have the widest taxonomic range of host animals.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDCFFCFFF01FA3CFAA7F9EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Chthamalophilus Bocquet-Vedrine, 1957. Type species: Chthamalophilus delagei Bocquet-Vedrine, 1957. Diagnosis (amended): By molecular data. Morphology-based diagnosis amended from Høeg & Rybakov (1992) is cypris larvae being minute (<100 µm long) and completely lacking a thorax, whence they can move only by walking on the antennules. The fourth segment is reduced to a mere rudiment. The cypris carapace is furnished with only four long setae located posteriorly. The externa is always surrounded by a double layer of cuticle separated by a fluid filled space, rendering the externa surface distinctly refringent. The male organs are invaginated from the mantle into the mantle cavity as free-floating bodies enveloped in cuticle. These ‘ primary spermatogenic islets’ later split into several ‘ secondary islets’ devoid of cuticle and in which spermatogenesis proceeds (Høeg et al., 1990, 2019).	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDFFFCCFF62FBA4FE3BF989.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Duplorbis Smith, 1906. Type species: Duplorbis calathurae Smith, 1906. Diagnosis (amended): The cyprids have long and thick frontal filaments. Additional characters are externae with a mesenteric canal, as in chthamalophilids but lacking the double cuticle and refringent appearance of this family. The male organs are spermatogenic islets that originate as in the Chthamalophilidae, but they continue to be sheathed in a cuticle that continues to increase in thickness, and spermatogenesis proceeds without any formation of secondary islets (Mourey, 1974; Høeg & Rybakov, 1992).	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
A56C153CFFDFFFCCFCF1FD72FA89FABF.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Pirusaccus Lützen, 1985. Type species: Pirusaccus socialis Lützen, 1985 (by monotypy). LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 13 A 86 B 8 - C 88 E- 4709 - 8 A 7 A- 599 CC 6 B 58 C 6 E Diagnosis: Colonial externae of an elongated club shape. The male organs are bodies (‘ spermatogenic islets’) floating free in the mantle cavity. Mesentery present; mesenteric canal absent. Hosts: On the galatheoid species Galacantha (syn. Munidopsis) rostrata A. Milne Edwards, 1880.	en	Høeg, Jens T., Noever, Christoph, Rees, David J., Crandall, Keith A., Glenner, Henrik (2020): A new molecular phylogeny-based taxonomy of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 632-653
