taxonID	type	description	language	source
AA6280599352FFA6F7E8295BFBCC59A8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype female: dissected and mounted on 22 slides, coll. no. SMF 32073 / 1 ­ 22, Atlantic Ocean, Angola Basin, 16 ° 17.0 ’ S 05 ° 27.0 ’ E, 5389 m, DIVA 1 station 346, 27.07.2000. Allotype male: dissected and mounted on 20 slides, coll. no. SMF 32074 / 1 ­ 20, Angola Basin, 16 ° 16.9 ’ S 05 ° 27.0 ’ E, 5389 m, DIVA 1 station 346, 27.07.2000. Paratype 1: dissected female, coll. no. SMF 32075 / 1 ­ 14, Angola Basin, 16 ° 17.0 ’ S 05 ° 27.0 ’ E, 5389 m, DIVA 1 station 346, 27.07.2000. Paratype 2: undissected male, coll. no. SMF 32076, Angola Basin, 16 ° 17.0 ’ S 05 ° 27.0 ’ E, 5389 m, DIVA 1 station 346, 27.07.2000. Paratype 3: undissected female coll. no. SMF 32077, Guinea Basin, 00 ° 00.0 ’ S 02 ° 25.0 ’ W, 5062 m, DIVA 2 station 61, 15.03.2005. Paratype 4: undissected male, coll. no. SMF 32078, Cape Basin, 28 ° 06.7 ’ S 07 ° 20.8 ’ E, 5032 m, DIVA 2 station 37, 04.03.2005. Additional material: Female 1: Porcupine Abyssal Plain, 48 ° 51,5 ’ N 16 ° 30,5 ’ W, 4837 m, RRS ‘‘ Challenger’ ’ cruise 111, station 53201 # 7, 09.04.1994. One male and 21 females from DIVA 1 station 346. Type locality: Atlantic Ocean, Angola Basin, station 346 of DIVA 1 expedition, 16 ° 17.0 ’ S 05 ° 27.0 ’ E, 5389 m; salinity 34.8 psu; temperature 2.48 ° C near the sea bottom; silt and clay sediment.	en	Seifried, Sybille, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, ‘‘, Rrs (2008): A new and exceptional species of Bradya Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin and the variability of deep-sea Harpacticoida *. Zootaxa 1866 (1): 303-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.15, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1866.1.15
AA6280599352FFA6F7E8295BFBCC59A8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The specific name is given in grateful dedication to Prof. Dr. Horst Kurt Schminke, who promoted the biological systematics as founder president of the Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik (GfBS), and helped to establish an international journal of biological systematics (Organisms Diversity & Evolution), who promoted the German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research and who lead the zoology and marine biodiversity of the University of Oldenburg with enthusiasm. His passion for copepods was recognized with the presidency of the Wold Association of Copepodologists (WAC) and inspired many students to become copepodologists under his guidance.	en	Seifried, Sybille, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, ‘‘, Rrs (2008): A new and exceptional species of Bradya Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin and the variability of deep-sea Harpacticoida *. Zootaxa 1866 (1): 303-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.15, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1866.1.15
AA6280599352FFA6F7E8295BFBCC59A8.taxon	description	Description of the female holotype. All drawings made of holotype except for the detail of maxillar endopod (Fig. 6 B from paratype 1). Body length (incl. rostrum and excl. caudal rami): 432 µm. Caudal rami: 19 µm. Maximum body width: 136 µm. Rostrum: 63 µm. Cephalothorax length (excl. rostrum): 174 µm. Body (Figs 1 A – B) slightly dorso­ventrally flattened, with a slight distinction between prosome and urosome; prosome consisting of cephalothorax and 3 free pedigerous somites; first pedigerous somite completely fused to dorsal cephalic shield; urosome 5 ­ segmented, comprising somite bearing P 5, genital double­somite, and 3 free abdominal somites; free pedigerous somites and urosome together only 1.35 times longer than cephalothorax; 1 egg­sac. Cephalothorax longer than wide and wider than urosome. Cephalothorax and body somites with sensillae and pores (Figs 1 A – B). Whole body except cephalic shield and genital field with varying rows of small setules (for details see Figs 10 C – D). Penultimate segment with a row of spinules ventrally (Fig. 9 A), which begins ventrolateral (Fig. 1 C). Hyaline frill of cephalothorax and last 2 abdominal somites plain. Hyaline frill of thoracic segments serrate, that of first 3 urosomites with small palisades (Fig. 10 C). Penultimate segment with plain pseudoperculum, with minute setules terminally. Anal somite divided. Rostrum (Figs 1 A – B, 2 B) reaching one third of cephalothorax length and nearly as long as broad; medially fused with cephalothorax and tapering to a point; no sensillae or pores. Genital field (Fig. 9 B) with 1 median copulatory pore and 2 integumental pores. Caudal rami (Figs 1 A – B, 9 A, 12 A – C) as long as wide with 7 setae; with rows of regular setules dorsally and laterally and ventrally completely covered with setules; posterior edge of rami terminating ventrally as acuminate lappet; setae IV and V unipinnate, all other setae bare. Antennule (Fig. 2 A) 5 ­ segmented and short, reaching without setae at most one eighth of cephalothorax length; armature formula: 1, 11, 14 + aes, 3, 7 + aes; segments 2 and 3 making up more than half of the length; segments 1 and 4 broader than long; 33 setae unarmed and 3 plumose. Antenna (Figs 3 A – B): Basis with long spinules at lateral edge; enp­ 1 with 1 bipinnate seta near proximal margin; enp­ 2 with 3 strong lateral and 6 strong distal setae; enp­ 2 with 2 groups of long, thick spinules near proximal edge and near distal margin; exopod 3 ­ segmented with 2, 1, 2 setae; exopod nearly as long as endopod, middle segment shortest; exp­ 3 with some spinules at distal edge. Labrum (Fig. 6 C) very large but not prominent; with field of short and long spinules ventrally and with spinules at posterior edge. Mandible (Figs 4 A – B): Cutting edge with 1 large and 4 multicuspid smaller teeth not fused to cutting edge, 1 bipinnate seta at proximal and 1 bare seta at distal corner; basis with 2 rows of setules and 4 unarmed setae; endopod 1 ­ segmented with 3 setae laterally, 1 seta displaced towards the proximal part of the endopod and 7 distal setae fused with endopod; exopod 1 ­ segmented, shorter than endopod, with 4 lateral and 2 distal setae, 2 being bipinnate, 3 unipinnate and 1 plumose; exopod with setules at outer lateral margin and 1 transverse row of setules. Maxillule (Figs 5 A – B): Arthrite of praecoxa with 2 setae on anterior surface and apically with 4 spines and 1 seta, coxa with 2 apical setae on a short endite; basis with 2 + 2 setae on the endites; endopod and exopod fused with basis; endopod with 4 setae; exopod with 2 setae; praecoxa, coxa, and basis with rows of long setules. Maxilla (Figs 1 A, 6 A – B) robust and prominent (Fig. 1 A); syncoxa with 2 endites, the coxal with 2 setae, the other representing the fused 2 praecoxal endites with (2 + 2) setae; rows of setules on anterior surface of syncoxa and endites; allobasis with 1 spine and 5 setae at distal edge; remaining endopod indistinctly 3 ­ segmented, the two proximal segments fused anteriorly, middle segment with one large claw, claw of proximal segment developed as a seta; armature formula: 1, I + 1, 4. Maxilliped (Fig. 5 C): Syncoxa with 2 bipinnate coxal setae at inner and outer distal corner (setae 10 + 11) and 1 row of setules along outer margin; the outer seta (10) longer than syncoxa, basis and endopod together; endopod fused to basis at an angle; basis narrow, 1.6 times longer than wide, without setae but with 1 semicircular row of spinules and long setules along outer edge; endopod with 2 lateral and 2 distal setae. Armature formula P 1 – P 4: coxa basis exopod endopod P 1 0 ­ 0 1 ­ I I­ 0; I­ 1; III­I + 1 ­ 1 0 ­ 1; 0 ­ 1; I­I­ 1 P 2 0 ­ 0 1 ­ 0 I­ 1; I­ 1; III­II­ 2 0 ­ 1; 0 ­ 1; I­I­ 1 P 3 0 ­ 0 1 ­ 0 I­ 1; I­ 1; III­II­ 3 0 ­ 1; 0 ­ 1; I­I­I + 1 P 4 0 ­ 0 1 ­ 0 I­ 1; I­ 1; III­II­ 3 0 ­ 1; 0 ­ 1; I­I­I + 1 P 1 (Fig. 7 A): Coxa with 2 rows of setules and 1 row of spinules; basis with 1 row of spinules at base of exopod and a row of long setules at inner distal corner; endopod as long as exopod; enp­ 1 and enp­ 3 equal in length and longer than enp­ 2; outer edge of each segment strongly spinulose; anterior surface of enp 1 and enp­ 2 and posterior surface of enp­ 2 and enp­ 3 with rows of spinules; exp­ 1 and exp­ 3 equal in length and longer than exp­ 2; outer edge of exp­ 1 and exp­ 2 spinulose; anterior surface of exp­ 1 and exp­ 2 with rows of spinules; inner edge of exp­ 1 with a row of setules. P 2 – P 4 (Figs 7 B, 8 A – B): Coxa and basis with rows of spinules on anterior surface; endopod as long as exopod; enp­ 1 and enp­ 3 equal in length and longer than enp­ 2; enp­ 3 especially of P 4 tapering towards the top; anterior surface of enp­ 1 with 1 row of strong setules; outer edge of each segment with strong spinules; posterior surface of most segments with rows of spinules; exp­ 1 and exp­ 3 equal in length and longer than exp­ 2; anterior surface of exp­ 1 with 1 row of strong setules; outer edge of exp­ 1 and exp­ 2 spinulose; inner edge of exp­ 1 of P 2 and P 3 with a row of setules. P 5 (Figs 9 A, C): left and right P 5 separate; exp short, as long as baseoendopod; exp with 3 terminal setae and 1 surface seta, inner terminal seta longest; small spinules at base of proximal middle seta; baseoendopod with 2 setae on inner part, inner seta longer, outer with a double tip; 1 seta and 1 pore on outer part of the baseoendopod. P 6 (Fig. 9 B) with 1 seta. Description of the male allotype. All drawings made of allotype. Antenna, mouthparts, P 1 – P 4, labrum, and caudal rami as in female. Body length (incl. rostrum and excl. caudal rami): 442 µm. Caudal rami: 24 µm. Maximum body width: 135 µm. Rostrum: 35 µm. Cephalothorax length (excl. rostrum): 152 µm. Spermatophore: 66 µm. Body (Figs 10 A – D, 12 D) as in female, but slightly more slender, free pedigerous somites and urosome together only 1.8 times longer than cephalothorax; urosome 6 ­ segmented, consisting of somite bearing P 5 and 5 abdominal somites; fourth and fifth urosomites with a ventral row of long irregular spinules; 1 spermatophore. Antennule (Figs 11 A – E) 7 ­ segmented and short, with geniculation between segments 5 and 6; armature formula: 1, 1, 11, 7, 12 + aes / 4, 11 + aes; 39 of the 47 setae unarmed, 2 unipinnate, 3 bifid and 3 developed as short spines. The characteristically formed cuticular cone of Ectinosomatidae on the 5 th segment is used together with the pointed inner edge of the 5 th segment as hinge for the 6 th and 7 th segment (Fig. 11 E). P 5 (Figs 12 D – E): left and right P 5 fused; exopod with 3 terminal setae and 1 surface seta, inner seta longest, 2 innermost setae with a double tip; baseoendopod with 2 setae on inner part, both setae with same length, inner seta with a double tip. P 6 (Fig. 12 D) asymmetrical, left P 6 bigger than right one; each side with 3 setae and a row of tiny setules.	en	Seifried, Sybille, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, ‘‘, Rrs (2008): A new and exceptional species of Bradya Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin and the variability of deep-sea Harpacticoida *. Zootaxa 1866 (1): 303-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.15, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1866.1.15
AA6280599352FFA6F7E8295BFBCC59A8.taxon	discussion	Note: The ornamentation of body, mouthparts, legs and all setae and spines is very difficult to see. A minimum magnification of 1250 times is necessary, to see traces of the setules and spinules. In no case are the rows of the setules and spinules clearly visible. Often the object of study has to be observed from different angles to discern the complete ornamentation. The lateral ornamentation of the thoracic somites could only be seen when the cuticle was removed from the body and flattened on a separate slide. Irregularities: The endopod of the maxilliped on the other side of the body of the holotype has two lateral and three distal setae. Variability: Body length (incl. rostrum and excl. caudal rami) of females varies between 280 and 432 µm (mean = 350 µm; n = 21). The males are 310, 315, 418, and 442 µm long (mean = 371 µm; n = 4). The individuals of this species always have the same numbers of setae on mouthparts and legs, but the ornamentation of many setae is very variable. Compared with the holotype, the proximal seta of mandible basis (Paratype 1), the outer distal seta of maxillipedal endopod (Allotype, Paratype 1, Paratype 3), the distal spine of enp­ 3 of P 1 (Paratype 2), and the inner seta of baseoendopod P 5 of male (Paratype 2) are longer. The spinules of the enp­ 2 and the exp­ 1 seta of antenna (Paratype 1 and 3), the enp­ 1 seta of antenna (Female 1), the two distal setae of maxilliped (Paratype 1 and 3), and of all spines of the exopod and endopod of P 1 – P 4 (Paratype 1, 3, 4; female 1) are longer. The setules of the setae of P 2 – P 4 (Paratype 2) and the two setae of baseoendopod as well as the two inner setae of exopod of male P 5 (Paratype 2) are longer. The spinules of the long basis seta and the outer endopodal seta of maxilliped are shorter (Female 1). The distance between spinules and setules of the spines and setae of P 1 – P 4 is variable. The innermost seta of exp P 5 of female has two rows of spinules on the outer side and the outer seta of baseoendopod has no double tip (Paratype 3). The proximal and distal setae of mandible basis are bipinnate (Paratype 1). Sometimes some additional rows of spinules are present on the first segment of antennule (Paratype 1), the exp­ 3 of antenna (Paratype 4), and the syncoxa of maxilliped (Paratype 1). Discussion Species morphology and discrimination Bradya kurtschminkei sp. nov. is exceptional, because of many characters unknown in other Bradya species. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by its unique habitus, as the body is slightly flattened dorso­ventrally, the female cephalothorax is almost as long as the free pedigerous somites and the urosome together. The rostrum is large, as it is a third the length of the cephalothorax and it tapers to a point. The antennule is only 5 ­ segmented, the basis of maxillule is fused with exopod and endopod, the endopod has only four setae, the endopod of maxilla has only one large claw on the middle segment, as the claw of the proximal segment is developed as a seta, the exopod of P 5 is short as it reaches only the length of the baseoendopod, and the outer seta of the baseoendopod has a double tip. Also, the armature formula of P 1 – P 4 is exceptional; in total there are seven setae fewer on the endopods than in all other species of Bradya. All other Bradya species, for which the respective characters have been described, show the typical Bradya habitus: The length of the cephalothorax is no more than a third of the total body length, the body is not flattened dorso­ventrally, and the rostrum is not acute and protruding, but small and rounded at the tip. The antennule is 6 ­ or 7 ­ segmented (not 5 ­ segmented), exopod and endopod of maxillule are free (not fused), the endopod of maxillule has always six setae (not four), there are at least seven setae more on the endopods of P 1 – P 4, the exopod of P 5 reaches beyond the baseoendopod, and the outer seta of the baseoendopod P 5 has no double tip. Differences between the species in some other characters such as the setation of the endopod of the mandible, the allobasis of the maxilla or the arthrite and basis of the maxillule may be explained by deficient drawings and incorrect setal numbers. The endopod of the maxilla of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. is indistinctly 3 ­ segmented, as two segments are fused anteriorly. In posterior view, the endopod is clearly 3 ­ segmented. All described maxillar endopods of the other Bradya species are described as being 3 ­ segmented. However, it is not clear, whether an anterior fusion has been overlooked. The descriptions of all Bradya species are incomplete, especially the ornamentation of the body is not mentioned, restricting systematic comparisons. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. shares with B. pugiochaeta only two endites on the syncoxa of the maxilla, all other described species of Bradya have three. The fused basis of the maxilliped of B. furcata, B. kurtschminkei sp. nov., B. macrochaeta, and B. scotti is narrow, 1.5 times longer than wide. In all other species the fused basis is as long as wide or only slightly longer. In B. congera, B. kurtschminkei sp. nov., B. minutiseta, and B. typica, the terminal inner seta of the exopod of female P 5 is the longest. In all other species either the middle seta is the longest or the two innermost setae have the same length. The inner seta of the baseoendopod of female P 5 is nearly as long as the outer one in B. furcata, B. kurtschminkei sp. nov., and B. proxima, whereas the inner seta of all other species is (much) longer than the outer one. B. congera, B. kurtschminkei sp. nov., B. minutiseta, B. proxima, and B. theodori have caudal rami as long as wide, they are longer than wide in other species. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. belongs to Bradya, because the endopod of the maxilliped is fused to the basis at an angle (Seifried et al. 2007). Although fusion of maxillipedal basis and endopod has been reported for species of Parabradya, these observations are in error; the endopod is distinct in all Parabradya species (Seifried et al. 2007). The distinct exopod of P 5 used by Lang (1944) to characterize Bradya is not an autapomorphy of Bradya, it is a plesiomorphic character within Ectinosomatidae. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. is a species within Bradya with many derived character states. However, to erect a new genus it would mean to leave a paraphyletic Bradya behind. Groundpattern of Ectinosomatidae The groundpattern of Ectinosomatidae was reconstructed by Seifried (2003). Additional characters were added by Seifried et al. (2007), some more can be derived from the morphology of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov .. The female antennule has an armature formula of 1, 11, 14 + aes, 3, 7 + aes; this means one seta more on the second segment and three setae more on the third than reconstructed in Seifried (2003) for the groundpattern of Ectinosomatidae. Thus, the armature formula of the 7 ­ segmented female antennule in the groundpattern of Ectinosomatidae is 1, 11, 14 + aes, 3, 3, 4, 7 + aes. The male antennule of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. has an armature formula of 1, 1, 11, 7, 12 + aes / 4, 11 + aes. Therefore the groundpattern of the 7 ­ segmented male antennule of Ectinosomatidae is 1, 1, 11, 9, 12 + aes / 4, 11 + aes, as there are two setae more on the fifth, three on the sixth and five on the seventh segment. Variability of deep­sea Harpacticoida The body length of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. is variable compared to species of Harpacticoida, as the smallest female in the samples (280 µm) is 35 % smaller than the largest (432 µm). Parabradya samsoni and other as yet undescribed harpacticoid species from the Angola Basin show similar variability in body length (Seifried et al. 2007), which let us assume that this could be a common phenomenon in the deep sea. B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. shows a remarkable morphological variability as compared with species known from shallow waters. The setae can differ in length between individuals and they are sometimes with and sometimes without ornamentation. The spinules of the setae and the body ornamentation can be more or less developed, the setules of the setae and the body ornamentation can vary in length, and the distance between spinules and setules of spines and setae can vary. Sometimes, there are some additional rows of spinules or setules on the mouthparts, legs or the body. The individuals of the species show the whole spectrum of character combinations. For example, the holotype of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. from the Angola Basin has the greatest number of unarmed setae, the smallest number of rows of spinules or setules, and the thinnest spinules and shortest spinules and setules. Paratype 1 from the Angola Basin in almost every detail has the longest and the greatest number of ornamentations on the setae of mouthparts, legs and body. All other 28 males and females from the different deep­sea basins show an intermediate condition between the holotype and paratype 1. The variability of individuals from the Angola­Basin display more variability than these from the other sampling locations together (Guinea Basins, Cape Basins, Porcupine Abyssal Plain). The variability is gradual, all combinations of morphology exist and there appears to be a continuous grade between the holotype and the paratype 1. Individuals of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. always have the same number of setae on mouthparts and legs; however, these numbers are variable in some undescribed species of Bradya. Even the segment number can vary, especially that of the endopods of the legs of some species. Similar variability has hitherto not been recorded for deep­sea copepod species, probably because most descriptions have been made on the basis of one or two individuals only. Deep­sea collections with several individuals per species are rare because of the high abyssal alpha­diversity and the high costs originated by replicative sampling designs. However, not all deep­sea species of Harpacticoida show such an unusual variability. Many species are morphologically constant, as for example Parabradya samsoni (Seifried et al. 2007). Another phenomenon that seems to be more common the deep sea than than in shallow waters is the occurrence of contralateral variability (asymmetrical development) on single specimens. The holotype of B. kurtschminkei sp. nov., for example has two distal setae on one side of the maxillipedal endopod and three on the other. In some other specimens observed by us setal numbers and even segment numbers may differ between right and left side of one leg­pair, and sometimes this is also the case on the mouthparts.	en	Seifried, Sybille, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, ‘‘, Rrs (2008): A new and exceptional species of Bradya Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin and the variability of deep-sea Harpacticoida *. Zootaxa 1866 (1): 303-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.15, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1866.1.15
AA6280599352FFA6F7E8295BFBCC59A8.taxon	distribution	Distribution B. kurtschminkei sp. nov. occurs in the Guinea Basin (DIVA 2), the Angola Basin (DIVA 1), the Cape Basin (DIVA 2), and the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (RRS ‘‘ Challenger’ ’ cruise 111; Fig. 13), but is absent from any of the numerous samples we have from the Antarctic deep sea (ANDEEP).	en	Seifried, Sybille, Arbizu, Pedro Martínez, ‘‘, Rrs (2008): A new and exceptional species of Bradya Boeck, 1873 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae) from the abyssal plain of the Angola Basin and the variability of deep-sea Harpacticoida *. Zootaxa 1866 (1): 303-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1866.1.15, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1866.1.15
