identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B3188793FFCEFFDAFF2E73F5B311A28F.text	B3188793FFCEFFDAFF2E73F5B311A28F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sycon quadrangulatum (Schmidt 1868)	<div><p>Sycon quadrangulatum (Schmidt, 1868)</p><p>(Figure 6)</p><p>Sycandra quadrangulata Schmidt, 1868: 29, pl. V, fig. 9.</p><p>Sycon guadrangulatum, Longo and Pronzato, 2011: 202, fig. 102.</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR / 2017-434, S19, 20 m, on stone, 3 specimens .</p><p>Description: It is usually elongated and cylindrical in shape. It reaches 5 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width (Figure 6a). The body is white, greyish in color and has a hard structure. The osculum is not surrounded by spicules. Its calcareous spicules are composed of equiangular and uniangular triactines and diactines. The tubar skeleton is composed of non-congruent triactine rows (actins of equal length: 50–70 µm × 8–10 µm, actin of unequal length: 90–120 µm × 10–12 µm) (Figure 6b 1, c), and the atrial skeleton is composed of equiangular triactine rows (100–150 µm × 10–15 µm). Diactines are 250–400 µm long and 18–25 µm in diameter.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: It was previously reported from rocks and crevices in the shallow sublittoral zone (Van Soest &amp; Weinberg 1980). In this study, only 3 individuals were found on rocks at a depth of 20 m. This species was previously reported from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the western Mediterranean Sea (de Voogd et al. 2024). This is a new record for the Eastern Mediterranean fauna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFCEFFDAFF2E73F5B311A28F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFCCFFD9FF2E7306B222A0C4.text	B3188793FFCCFFD9FF2E7306B222A0C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucetta solida (Schmidt 1862)	<div><p>Leucetta solida (Schmidt, 1862)</p><p>(Figure 7)</p><p>Grantia solida Schmidt, 1862: 18, Taf I., 7.</p><p>Leuconia solida, Rützler 1965: 8 .</p><p>Material examined:   ESFM-POR/2017-477, S17(a), 0–2 m, on  Posidonia oceanica, 3 specimens ,  ESFM-POR/2017- 728, S26, 25 m, on cave wall, 3 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-632, S29, 15 m, on cave wall, 4 specimens,   ESFM-POR/2017-165, S33, 0.5 m, on  P. oceanica, 2 specimens  .</p><p>Description: It is an oval sponge that is slightly flattened on the sides. The surface is hispid. It has a creamy colour in alcohol (Figure 7a). It has a rather fragile consistency, easily torn into apart. The skeleton is composed of irregularly intertwined triactines (900–2400 × 40–200 µm) (Figure 7b 1) and tetractins (800–600 × 40–80 µm, Figure 7b 2). Skeletons do not contain diaxones.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously found on rocks at 2–40 m (Longo &amp; Pronzato 2011; de Voogd et al. 2024) in the Tyrrhenian (Rützler 1966), Adriatic (Schmidt 1864, Rützler 1965), Ionian (Corriero 1989) and Aegean (Pansini et al. 2000) Seas. It is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea (de Voogd et al. 2024). It is a new record for the Turkish marine fauna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFCCFFD9FF2E7306B222A0C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFCCFFD9FF2E7759B1ECA4B2.text	B3188793FFCCFFD9FF2E7759B1ECA4B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triptolemma simplex (Sara 1959)	<div><p>Triptolemma simplex (Sarà, 1959)</p><p>(Figure 8)</p><p>Triptolemmus simpex Sarà, 1959: 5–8, fig. 2.</p><p>Triptolemma simplex, Bertolino et al. 2011: 333–336, fig. 5–7.</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-635, S26, 15 m, on coralligenous habitat, 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: It is an encrusting species (Figure 8a), greyish in alcohol. The surface is smooth. The patency of the osculum is unclear. The consistency is soft. Its spicules are composed of dichotriaenes, mesocalthrops, amphiasters, resembling a staghorn, and their supporting bundles of oxea (Figure 8c 1, 2). Oxeas are in one category and slightly curved in the middle (3–10 × 200–350 μm) (Figure 8b 1). Dichotrianes range in size (cladome of symmetrical spicules): 23–40 × 2.5–5 μm) (Figure 8b 2). The presence of mesocalthrops is quite rare compared to other spicules (50–75 × 5–10 μm) (Figure 8b 3). Amphiasters are sparsely spined (5–7.5 × 1,2 μm) (Figure 8b 4). Spiny microrhabds occur in two size classes (11–14.5 × 2.5–4.8 μm, 24–35 × 2–6 μm).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously reported in coralligenous habitats and cave walls, up to 40 m depth (Sarà 1959, Bertolino et al. 2011). In the study area, this species was also found in coralligenous habitats at 15 m at station 26. It is an endemic species of the Mediterranean, occurring on the coasts of the Tyrrhenian (Sarà 1959), Ligurian (Bertolino et al. 2010) and Ionian (Longo et al. 2018) coasts. It is a new record for the sponge fauna of the eastern Mediterranean.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFCCFFD9FF2E7759B1ECA4B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFCDFFDFFF2E7791B484A2F3.text	B3188793FFCDFFDFFF2E7791B484A2F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Levantiniella levantinensis (Vacelet, Bitar, Carteron, Zibrowius and Perez 2007)	<div><p>Levantiniella levantinensis (Vacelet, Bitar, Carteron, Zibrowius and Pérez, 2007)</p><p>(Figure 9)</p><p>Cinachyrella levantinensis Vacelet et al. 2007: 1540, fig. 2.</p><p>Levanteniella levantinensis, Carella et al. 2016: 6, fig. 9E</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-502, S25, 5 –10 m, on muddy sand with shells, 2 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-580, S26, 10 –20 m, on muddy sand with shells, 2 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-670, S27, 5 –10 m, on muddy sand with shells, 1 specimen,  ESFM-POR/2017-779, S31, 10 –20 m, on muddy sand with shells, 3 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-788, S32, 10 –20 m, on muddy sand with shells, 3 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-733, S36, 10 –20 m, on muddy sand with shells, 2 specimens .</p><p>Description: Specimens are subspherical in shape and 3–3.5 cm in diameter, without root tufts. The surface is covered with sediment (silt, mud). The color is yellow when alive, without sand, becomes light brown-cream in alcohol (Figure 9a). The hispididation is variable and the spicules are visible with the naked eye. The skeleton consists of large bundles of oxea (1200–6100 × 2–4 μm), anatriaene; (rhabdome up to 6500–7000 × 3.5–6 μm), protriaenes with a thin rhabdome often flexuous or hairlike (1000–2100 × 2.5–5 μm), small oxea (50–110 × 1–2 μm) and C-shaped, thin sigmaspires (8–12 μm × 0.5–1 μm) (Figure 9b).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: In this study, it was found on horizontal rocky bottoms covered with sediment deposits at depths between 10– 27 m. This species was previously found on rocks at depths of 6–35 m (Vacelet et al. 2007). It is a species endemic to the eastern Mediterranean Sea de Voogd et al. 2024), known only from the coasts of Lebanon and Israel (Vacelet et al. 2007). It is a new record for the coast of Aegean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFCDFFDFFF2E7791B484A2F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFCAFFDEFF2E75FEB445A104.text	B3188793FFCAFFDEFF2E75FEB445A104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Desmanthus incrustans (Topsent 1889)	<div><p>Desmanthus incrustans (Topsent, 1889)</p><p>(Figure 10)</p><p>Aciculites incrustans Topsent, 1889: 32–33, fig 1,</p><p>Desmanthus incrustans, Topsent, 1894: 311–315 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR / 2017-77, T5, 200–300 m, on amphora, 5 specimens .</p><p>Description: Encrusting species, light yellow when alive (Figure 10 a, b). Specimens are firm and rigid. It has a hispid surface due to the lithisthid skeleton consisting of basal desmas and steeply protruding spicules (styles). There is no obvious oscular opening. It consists of desmas resembling a staghorn as a skeletal arrangement (100– 180 μm × 5–8 μm) (Figure 10 b, c). Styles curved at the base: (300–400 × 4–8 µm).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was reported from reef habitats and caves at 12–30 m (List-Armitage &amp; Hooper 2002). It appears to have an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution (de Voogd et al. 2024). Although it was also encountered in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, these records appear to be dubious according to Van Soest &amp; Hajdu (2000). According to de Voogd et al. (2024),  Desmanthus incrustans could be a complex of species and the Mediterranean individuals show different morphological features when compared to the Carribean and West tropical Atlantic individuals. This is a new record for the eastern Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFCAFFDEFF2E75FEB445A104	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFCBFFDDFF2E74ABB29DA163.text	B3188793FFCBFFDDFF2E74ABB29DA163.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dictyonella marsilii (Topsent 1893)	<div><p>Dictyonella marsilii (Topsent, 1893)</p><p>(Figure 11)</p><p>Stylotella marsilii Topsent, 1893: XLI.</p><p>Dictyonella marsilii, Pulitzer-Finali, 1983: 545 .</p><p>Material Examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-687, S10, 10 –20 m, on coralligenous habitat, 3 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-542, S12, 5 –10 m, on coralligenous habitat, 2 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-551, S16(b), 28 m, on stone, 1 specimen,  ESFM-POR/2017-564, S31, 10 –20 m, on coralligenous habitat, 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: Specimens are oval and massive, with a soft consistency (Figure 11a). Although it shows a weak hispidation on its outer surface, the hispidation is more pronounced in the area of the sponge in contact with the base. The few oscula are located at the top of the sponge body. Color is light brown in alcohol. Ectosome and choanosome differentiation could not be detected. Its skeleton consists of bundles of megasclerites that merge and separate in the same plane as each other. Spongin is present only at the junction of the spicules. Megasclerites consist of only slightly curved elongated styles (Figure 11b, c, 1600–1900 μm × 10–15 μm). The ends of the styles are pointed.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously found in detrital and coralligenous habitats at depths up to 70 m in the previous studies (Vacelet 1961, Rubio 1981, Longo et al. 2018). In the study area, it occurred in stony and coralligenous habitats at depths of 10– 20 m. It has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution (de Voogd et al. 2024), reported from the Aegean (Voultsiadou 2005), Ionian (Longo et al. 2018) and Levantine (Burton 1936) Seas. This is a new record for the coast of Türkiye.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFCBFFDDFF2E74ABB29DA163	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC9FFD3FF2E734FB48CA23B.text	B3188793FFC9FFD3FF2E734FB48CA23B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halichondria (Halichondria) bowerbanki Burton 1930	<div><p>Halichondria (Halichondria) bowerbanki Burton, 1930</p><p>(Figure 12)</p><p>Halichondria bowerbanki Burton 1930: 489 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-616, T3, 40–50 m, on stone, 2 specimens.</p><p>Description: Specimens have a very polymorphic morphology with long, string-like projections (0.5–1 mm in diameter) from a thin, encrusting base (Figure 12a). Color is light yellow. The consistency is rather firm and compressible. The osculum is inconspicuous and irregular (1–5 mm). The ectosomal skeleton has a halichondroid skeletal structure, with spicules arranged randomly or in tight bundles (Figure 12b). The choanosomal skeleton is disordered, with dendritic bundles terminating at the surface on different sides. Spicules consist only of oxeas (145–400 × 3.6–10.1 µm) (Figure 12c–d). No microscleres.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This Atlanto-Mediterranean species was reported from different hard and muddy substrata in the Adriatic Sea (Cardone et al. 2014), Alboran Sea (Carballo &amp; Garcia-Gómez 1994), Tyrrhenian Sea (Marra et al. 2016), Celtic Sea (Morrow et al. 2012) and the northern Atlantic Ocean (Montagu [1814] 1818). It was also found in cave habitats (0–7 m) in the Black Sea (Ereskovsky et al. 2018) and on  Mytilus galloprovincialis (Evcen et al. 2023a) This species is a new record for the marine fauna of the Aegean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC9FFD3FF2E734FB48CA23B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC6FFD2FF2E706EB0CBA11A.text	B3188793FFC6FFD2FF2E706EB0CBA11A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crella (Grayella) pulvinar (Schmidt 1868)	<div><p>Crella (Grayella) pulvinar (Schmidt, 1868)</p><p>(Figure 13)</p><p>Myxilla pulvinar Schmidt, 1868: 14, pl. II, fig. 14</p><p>Crella pulvinar, Pouliquen, 1972: 127 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-189, S4, 20 m, on coralligenous habitat, 2 specimens .</p><p>Description: Body is thin (height: 0.2–0.8 mm) and encrusting. Surface is smooth with circulary raised areolae (diameter: 0.5–1 mm) (Figure 13a). The areolae, of very variable size, are spaced apart and bordered by a raised wall of flared conical shape. Oscules are also areolae. Aquifer channels, clearly visible in the form of translucent veins, converge on the discrete oscula. whose general appearance resembles the craters that group the oscules. The spicules megascleres are diactines: straight tornote strongylotes of 200–285 µm × 4–6,5 µm, and slightly curved and spiny acanthoxeas of 80–115 µm × 1.5–3 µm (Figure 13b, c).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously reported as an epibiont on rocks, coralligenous habitats, some sponges ( Aaptos aaptos,  Fasciospongia cavernosa,  Sarcotragus foetidus etc.), hard corals and  Lithothamnion at depths between 0 and 150 m (Pulitzer-Finali 1978, 1983). In this study, two individuals were found in the coralligenous habitat at a depth of 20 m. It is a species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea (de Voogd et al. 2024), previously reported from the Alboran Sea (Maldanodo 1992) and the Tyrrhenian Sea (Topsent 1901, Vacelet 1969, Pouliquen 1972; Pulitzer-Final 1978, 1983). This is a new record for the sponge fauna of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC6FFD2FF2E706EB0CBA11A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC7FFD2FF2E712BB2A5A558.text	B3188793FFC7FFD2FF2E712BB2A5A558.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Rhizoniera) indistincta (Bowerbank 1866)	<div><p>Haliclona (Rhizoniera) indistincta (Bowerbank, 1866)</p><p>(Figure 14)</p><p>Isodictya indistincta Bowerbank, 1866: 290–292 .</p><p>Haliclona indistincta, de Weerdt, 1986: 129–132 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR / 2017-499, S10, 25 m, on coralligenous habitat, 1 specimen,  ESFM-POR / 2017- 42, S26, 10 m, on stone, 1 specimen;  ESFM-POR / 2017-499, S31, 10 –20 m, on stone, 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: Specimens are encrusting (height: 0.5–0.9 cm) and have a punctate, slightly irregular, surface. Exhalant canals are clearly visible.The color is brown in alcohol. The consistency is soft and friable (Figure 14a). The osculum is slightly elevated from the sponge surface and is 1.5–3 mm in diameter. The choanosomal skeleton was an anisotropic reticulation with distinct pauci-multispicular primary tracts composed of 2 to 9 spicules, and paucispicular secondary lines that were composed of 1 to 4 overlapping spicules. However, a third paucimultispicular tract forms a triangular reticulation. Its spicules consist of fine fusiform oxea (110–150 × 3–7.5 μm) (Figure 14b–d). The choanosomal skeleton has an isotropic reticulation (Figure 14c). Spongin is present in small amounts only at the tips of the spicules.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was reported at depths of 0–30 m under rocks and in shaded habitats (Carballo &amp; Garcia-Gómez 1994). It has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution (de Voogd et al. 2024). It was previously reported from the Azores (Topsent 1892), the Celtic Sea (Bowerbank 1866, de Weerdt 1986), and the western Mediterranean (Alboran Sea) (Carballo &amp; Garcia-Gómez 1994). This species is a new addition to the marine fauna of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC7FFD2FF2E712BB2A5A558	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC7FFD7FF2E7405B17DA2AA.text	B3188793FFC7FFD7FF2E7405B17DA2AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Rhizoniera) rosea (Bowerbank 1866)	<div><p>Haliclona (Rhizoniera) rosea (Bowerbank, 1866)</p><p>Figure 15</p><p>Isodictya rosea Bowerbank, 1866: 282–283 .</p><p>Haliclona (Rhizoniera) rosea, de Weerdt 1987: 83, fig. 7.</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR / 2017-212, S2, 15 –25 m, on stone, 2 specimens;   ESFM-POR / 2017-217, S2, 15 –25 m, on  Agelas oroides, 1 specimen ;  ESFM-POR / 2017-525, S25, 15 –25 m, on stone 3 specimens;  ESFM-POR / 2017- 676, S27, 5 –10 m, on stone, 2 specimens;  ESFM-POR / 2017-588, S31, 5 –10 m, on stone, 2 specimens .</p><p>Description: Specimen is massive, encrusting and 0.6–1 cm in thickness (Figure 15a). Color is brown in after fixation (Figure 15b).</p><p>Consistency soft and fragile.Surface is hispid because of projecting spicules.Tubular oscules are slightly elevated (diameter: 0.3–0.8 cm). The ectosomal skeleton is absent. Choanosomal skeletons are formed by multispicular primary lines, which consist of many single spicules. Spongin is scarce and confined to the nodes of the spicules. Spicules include only long and sharp tipped oxeas (125–200 × 3–8 μm) (Figure 15c, d) No microscleres.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously found under stones, rocks and shells from the infralittoral zone down to 100 m depth (de Weerdt 1987). It is an Atlanto-Mediterranean species (Van Soest et al. 2020). It was reported from the Adriatic (Sarà 1961), Tyrrhenian (Topsent 1925, Sarà 1958), Levantine (Tsurnamal 1968, Idan et al. 2018) and Black Seas (Evcen et al. 2016). This species is a new addition to the marine fauna of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC7FFD7FF2E7405B17DA2AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC2FFD7FF2E704BB205A630.text	B3188793FFC2FFD7FF2E704BB205A630.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Halichoclona) fistulosa (Bowerbank 1866)	<div><p>Haliclona (Halichoclona) fistulosa (Bowerbank, 1866)</p><p>Figure 16</p><p>Isodictya fistulosa Bowerbank, 1866: 299–300 .</p><p>Haliclona (Halichoclona) fistulosa, de Voogd et al. 2024: 274 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-186, S4, 20 m, on stone, 2 specimens;  ESFM-POR/2017-375, S19, 24 m, on cave wall, 1 specimen;  ESFM-POR/2017-341, S20, 20 m, on coralligenous habitat 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: Specimens have numerous fistulae and tassel-like projections emerging from the base of the body (Figure 16a). The fistulae (2–4 mm) are slightly directed upwards, and the thicker ones carry  the osculum . Its color is pink-white under water and brown in alcohol. Its external surface is smooth and fragile. It does not secrete mucus. Choanosomal and ectosomal skeletons have an isotropic structure. The sponge is quite rare and is found only at the tips of the spicules. Its spicules consist of straight, rarely slightly curved, pointed oxeas (140–235 × 6–13 µm) (Figure 16b, c).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously reported in sheltered, silty areas with moderate tidal currents from the coast to the lower circalittoral zone (Ackers et al. 1992). It is an Atlanto-Mediterranean species (de Voogd et al. 2024), previously reported from the Azores and the Celtic Sea in the eastern Atlantic (Cruz 2002, de Weerdt 1986); from the Adriatic Sea (Griessinger 1971), the Ionian Sea (Pulitzer-Finali 1983) and the Tunisian coast (Ben Mustapha et al. 2003) in the Mediterranean Sea. This is a new record for the eastern Mediterranean.</p><p>Remarks:  Haliclona (Halichoclona) fistulosa is characterised by the growth form of the fistules. A tubular form is rare in the subgenus  Halichoclona, whereas a massive or cushion-like form is more common. The forms and dimensions of the skeletons (fibres and spicules) of the our specimens overlap with those reported by de Weerdt (1989) in the Mediterranean Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC2FFD7FF2E704BB205A630	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC2FFD7FF2E77F2B44DA491.text	B3188793FFC2FFD7FF2E77F2B44DA491.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haliclona (Soestella) mamillata (Griessinger 1971)	<div><p>Haliclona (Soestella) mamillata (Griessinger, 1971)</p><p>(Figure 17)</p><p>Haliclona mamillata Griessinger, 1971: 132, fig. 5b, 6c, j, pl. 1, fig. 3,</p><p>Haliclona (Soestella) mamillata, de Weerdt, 2000: 7 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR / 2017-505, S12, 15 m, on stone, 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: Specimens are in massive form and have a height of 3 cm. Its color changes to brown in alcohol. The body is fragile and soft. Osculum (diameter: 2–5 mm) are located on volcano-like projections. (Figure 17a) The outer surface is smooth. The curved oxea (130–200 × 5–10 μm) that make up the skeleton are slender and pointed (Figure 17b). Both the ectosomal and choanosomal skeletons tend to form circular networks (Figure 17c). The spongin is present only at the contact points of the spicules.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species is found on cave walls at a depth of 25 m (Lent &amp; de Weerdt 1987), It was recorded on  Peyssonnelia and  Vidalia volubilis at a depth of 30–40 m (Griessinger 1971) and on stones at a depth of 45 m (Pansini 1987). It is an endemic species to the Mediterranean (de Voogd et al. 2024), known from the Adriatic (Griessinger 1971), Aegean (Griessinger 1971), Ionian (Pansini 1987) and Ligurian (Lent and Weerdt 1987, Griessinger 1971) Seas. This is a new record for the marine fauna of Türkiye.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC2FFD7FF2E77F2B44DA491	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFC0FFEBFF2E753CB18BA23B.text	B3188793FFC0FFEBFF2E753CB18BA23B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratimea oxeata Pulitzer-Finali 1978	<div><p>Paratimea oxeata Pulitzer-Finali, 1978</p><p>(Figure 18)</p><p>Paratimea oxeata Pulitzer-Finali, 1978: 39 .</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR / 2017-569, S31, 20 m, on coralligenous habitat, 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: The specimen is small (diameter: 0.5 cm) and encrusting. The color is creamy light yellow in alcohol (Figure 18a). The patency of  the osculum is unclear. The skeletal system was not observed. Spicules consist of large oxeas that are curved, bent or flexuous, with the triangular end (350–900 µm × 2.5–12 µm) and 9–12 rayed oxyasters (sizes 25–60 µm) in a wide size range (Figure 18b, c).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was previously found in rocky (Pulitzer-Finali 1978) and coralligenous biotopes (Bertolino et al. 2013, Longo et al. 2018) at depths between 30 and 110 m. It is an endemic species to the Mediterranean (Pansini &amp; Longo 2008). It was reported from the Ionian Sea (Longo et al. 2018), the Ligurian Sea (Bertolino et al. 2013), and the Tyrrhenian Sea (Pulitzer-Final 1978). It is a new record for the fauna of the eastern Mediterranean fauna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFC0FFEBFF2E753CB18BA23B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFFEFFEBFF2E7002B58DA67D.text	B3188793FFFEFFEBFF2E7002B58DA67D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ircinia retidermata Pulitzer-Finali & Pronzato 1981	<div><p>Ircinia retidermata Pulitzer-Finali &amp; Pronzato, 1981</p><p>(Figure 19)</p><p>Ircinia retidermata Pulitzer-Finali and Pronzato, (1981 [1980]): 150, 151, fig. 11.</p><p>Material examined:  ESFM-POR/2017-287, S1, 10 –20 m, on stone, 2 specimens,  ESFM-POR/2017-344, S20, 20 –35 m, on coralligenous habitat, 1 specimen;  ESFM-POR/2017-787, S32, 20 –35 m, on coralligenous habitat, 1 specimen .</p><p>Description: Specimens are oval-shaped and massive (5 cm in diameter). It has an elastic and firm consistency. Colors are brown when alive (Figure 19a). Conules were blunt-tipped, 1–2 mm high, and 1–3 mm apart, scattered on the surface of the sponge. The conules are characteristically interconnected by a honeycomb-like reticulation with meshes (ca. 80 µm in diameter). Oscules are 2–2.5 mm wide. Skeleton reticulate with meshes 200 to 600 µm in diameter. Fibrils do not have stratification. Primary fibrils are (50–80 μm in diameter) moderately covered with inclusions (sand, debris, foreign matter). Secondary fibrils (20–80 μm in diameter) are free of inclusions. Thin filaments are 5–8 μm in diameter (Figure 19b).</p><p>Habitat and distribution: It was previously reported on muddy bottoms at 70–80 m (Pulitzer-Finali et al. (1981 [1980]),  Corallium rubrum (Melone 1965) and rocky bottoms at 5–33 m (Boury-Esnault &amp; Lopes 1985). It is a species endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, occurring in the Ligurian (Pulitzer-Finali &amp; 1981 [1980]), Levantine (Ilan et al. 1994) and Aegean (Voultsiadou et al. 2016) Seas. It is a new record for the fauna of the Turkish Seas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFFEFFEBFF2E7002B58DA67D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFFEFFEAFF2E7410B46EA4E5.text	B3188793FFFEFFEAFF2E7410B46EA4E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halisarca dujardinii Johnston 1842	<div><p>Halisarca dujardinii Johnston, 1842</p><p>(Figure 20)</p><p>Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1842: 192 .</p><p>Material examined:   ESFM-POR / 2017-326, S17(b), 0–5 m, on  Cladocora caespitosa, 3 specimens ;   ESFM-POR / 2017-43, S26, 0 –5 m, on  Posidonia oceanica and Bryozoa sp, 3 specimens  .</p><p>Description: It is a thin-structured sponge (height 0.7–1.5 mm) in an encrusting form. Its color after fixation is light brown (Figure 20). It has a soft, gelatinous, and slightly elastic texture. The osculum distributed on the sponge’s surface is 0.2–0.4 mm in diameter. The collagen layer consists of collagen fibrils that are difficult to separate from each other and have a dense structure.</p><p>Habitat and distribution: This species was frequently reported at depths of 0–50 m in association with stones, rocks shells and crabs (e.g.  Inachus sp.,  Macropodia sp.) (De Voogd et al. 2024; Ackers et al. 1992). However, it was also reported from the deep sea (300 m) (Alander 1942). It is a species with a Mediterranean-Atlantic distribution (de Voogd et al. 2024). It was previously reported from the coast of Bermuda (Rützler 1986), the North Sea (Muller 2004), off the coast of Norway (Burton 1930), the Celtic Sea (Borojevic et al. 1968), the eastern Bering Sea (Fristedt 1887), the Azores (Cruz 2002), off the coast of Dakar (Lévi 1952), the Balearic (Bibiloni 1981; Bibiloni and Gili 1982), the Ligurian Sea (Sarà 1958, Boury-Esnault 1971), the Tyrrhenian Sea (Topsent 1925; Pulitzer-Finali &amp; Pronzato 1976), the Adriatic Sea (Schulze 1877), the Aegean Sea (Voultsiadou-Koukoura &amp; Koukouras 1993) and the Black Sea (Czerniavsky 1880). It is a new record for the fauna of the Turkish Seas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFFEFFEAFF2E7410B46EA4E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
B3188793FFFAFFEFFF2E73DFB2D8A06F.text	B3188793FFFAFFEFFF2E73DFB2D8A06F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Posidonia oceanica	<div><p>Sponges on  Posidonia oceanica</p><p>A few number of studies have been carried out on sponge species associated with  P. oceanica meadows on the coasts of Türkiye. The only study regarding sponge species on rhizomes of  P. oceanica was carried out by Sarıtaş (1973) in Ayvalık, who listed a total of 22 species. However, three of these species ( Prosuberites epiphytum,  Rhabderemia indica and  Tethya lyncurium) were considered invalid for the Mediterranean Sea (WPD, 2024). Evcen and Çınar (2017) also reported 25 sponge species associated with  P. oceanica along the Aegean coast of Türkiye. In the present study, a total of 35 species were found in association with rhizomes of  P. oceanica along the eastern coast of Türkiye. The most common species were  Aplysina aerophoba,  Spirastrella cunctatrix,  Crambe crambe,  Chondrilla nucula,  Ircinia variabilis and  Sarcotragus foetidus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B3188793FFFAFFEFFF2E73DFB2D8A06F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evcen, Alper;Çinar, Melih Ertan	Evcen, Alper, Çinar, Melih Ertan (2025): Sponge fauna of the Aegean coast of Türkiye with new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 201-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.1
