identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B11387D51C6EFF87F04B0EACFE5BFD95.text	B11387D51C6EFF87F04B0EACFE5BFD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard, Blumea	<div><p>Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard, Blumea 3:445, in obs.,448.1940. Panicum munroanum Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 140. 1890. Figs. 1, 5 a-c</p><p>Annual or perennial herbs. Culms up to 80 cm, decumbent, usually branched, glabrous, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blades lanceolate, 20–87 × 3–8 mm, base rounded or sub-cordate, margins entire, apex finely acuminate, minutely hispid, both surfaces glabrous, sometimes with few long hairs at extreme base, usually with faint transverse veinlets; sheaths’ margins ciliate on one side, glabrous; ligule less than 0.5 mm, membranous, shortly ciliate. Inflorescence a panicle, 3.8–7 cm; branches sub-erect, borne singly, the lowest up to 4.5 cm, minutely hispid, branches hairy at the junction with the rachis. Spikelets usually borne in unequally pedicelled pairs, similar, oblongellipsoid, symmetrical, 4–4.5 mm, pale green; florets 2. Longer pedicels up to 4 (–7) mm; shorter pedicels up to 2 mm. Lower glume ovate, c. 3.5 mm, not keeled, 5–7-nerved, margins hyaline, apex apiculate, herbaceous, glabrous or minutely hispid on nerves. Upper glume oblong-lanceolate, c. 4 mm, not keeled, 7-nerved, margins hyaline, apex apiculate, herbaceous, glabrous. Lower floret sterile; lemma oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–4 mm, not keeled, 5–7-nerved, margins hyaline, apex apiculate, herbaceous, glabrous; palea poorly developed, oblong-lanceolate, c. 2 mm, hyaline. Upper floret bisexual; lemma ovate-lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm, not keeled, apex apiculate, sub-coriaceous, shiny, glabrous, creamy; palea elliptic, subequalling lemma, not keeled, apex notched, reflexed, sub-coriaceous, shiny, glabrous, creamy.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to November.</p><p>Habitat: Moist habitats along the forest edges.</p><p>Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Chen et al., 2006a; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal.</p><p>Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.02&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.02/lat 26.51)">Chauki Biran</a> community forest, N 26.51°, E 88.02°, 79 m ,</p><p>04.11.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF521 (KATH); Pathibhara Kalika community forest, N 26.50°, E 88.00°, 91 m, 23.08.2019, Y. B. Poudel &amp; K. Panthi JCF41 (KATH) .</p><p>Notes: Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard is close to a widespread species A. zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy, but can be distinguished by its smaller spikelets (less than 5 mm), 5–7-nerved lower glume and 7-nerved upper glume (Bor, 1940; Noltie, 2000).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B11387D51C6EFF87F04B0EACFE5BFD95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Y. B., Poudel;Rajbhandary, S.	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
B11387D51C6CFF87F3C20A66FC52FD3E.text	B11387D51C6CFF87F3C20A66FC52FD3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Steud.) Stapf	<div><p>Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922.</p><p>Panicum oxyphyllum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl.</p><p>Glumac. 1(1): 65. 1853. Figs. 2, 5d &amp; e</p><p>Perennial herbs. Culms up to 75 cm, decumbent, branched, glabrous, rooting from basal nodes. Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 3.5–11 × 3.0– 10 mm, base rounded, margins entire, eciliate, apex acuminate, both surfaces glabrous or appressed pubescent specially on lower surface; sheaths’ margins ciliate on one side, glabrous or sometimes appressed pubescent; ligule 1–1.5 mm, membranous, eciliate. Inflorescence a panicle, contracted, dense, 5.5–7.5 cm; branches ascending, borne singly, the lowest up to 2.4 cm, with long ascending scattered hairs. Spikelets borne singly, obovate, distinctly asymmetrical, c. 2 mm, sometimes with some hairs near base, orange-brown; florets 2. Pedicels 0.3–1 mm. Lower glume ovate, 1.1–1.3 mm, keeled, 3-nerved, margins orange, apex acute, herbaceous, minutely hispid on keel. Upper glume ovate, 1.5–1.8 mm, keeled, 3-nerved, margins orange, apex apiculate, herbaceous, glabrous. Lower floret sterile; lemma ovate, c. 1.5 mm,keeled, 5-nerved, margins orange, apex obtuse, herbaceous, glabrous; palea absent. Upper floret bisexual; lemma obovate, 1.3–1.5 mm, keeled, abruptly contracted at base, apex with a brown scar, coriaceous, shiny, glabrous, creamy; palea oblong, subequalling lemma, keeled, apex blunt, coriaceous, glabrous, creamy.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from January to February.</p><p>Habitat: Moist places on the forest ground floor.</p><p>Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cook Island, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis- Futuna Islands (Chen et al., 2006a; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal.</p><p>Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality,</p><p>Pathibhara Kalika community forest, N 26.49°, E</p><p>87.99°, 106 m, 22.01.2020, Y. B . Poudel JF116, JF121</p><p>(KATH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B11387D51C6CFF87F3C20A66FC52FD3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Y. B., Poudel;Rajbhandary, S.	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
B11387D51C6CFF86F04B0C3BFB39FE32.text	B11387D51C6CFF86F04B0C3BFB39FE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hymenachne aurita (Nees) Balansa, J. Bot.	<div><p>Hymenachne aurita (J. Presl ex Nees) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 144. 1890. Panicum auritum J. Presl ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 176. 1829. Figs. 3, 5f &amp; g</p><p>Perennial herbs. Culms up to 1.5 m, ascending, basally geniculate, branched or unbranched, glabrous, rooting from basal nodes. Leaf blades linear, 11–35 × 0.7–1.7 cm, base sub-cordate, margins entire, eciliate, apex acuminate, both surfaces glabrous but with few long cilia at base; sheaths’ margin eciliate or ciliate on one side especially at upper half and throat,glabrous; ligule c. 0.5mm,membranous, shortly ciliate.Inflorescence a panicle, contracted, dense, 26–41 cm; branches sub-erect or erect, borne singly, the lowest up to 14 cm, minutely hispid in lines. Spikelets borne singly, oblong-lanceolate, symmetrical, 2–3 mm, purplish-green; florets 2. Pedicels up to 1.5 mm. Lower glume ovate, 1–1.2 mm, keeled, 3-nerved, margins hyaline, apex acute or obtuse, herbaceous, minutely hispid on keel. Upper glume lanceolate, c. 2.5 mm, keeled, 5-nerved, margins hyaline, apex acute, herbaceous, minutely hispid on keel. Lower floret sterile; lemma lanceolate, c. 2.5 mm, not keeled, 5-nerved, margins hyaline, apex acute, herbaceous, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at apex; palea poorly developed, oblong-lanceolate, c. 1 mm, hyaline. Upper floret bisexual; lemma lanceolate, c. 2 mm, not keeled, apex acuminate, thinly coriaceous, shiny, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at apex, creamy; palea oblong-lanceolate, c. 2 mm, not keeled, apex obtuse, thinly coriaceous, shiny, glabrous, creamy.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from June to February.</p><p>Habitat: Moist and damp places in the forest.</p><p>Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Chen et al., 2006a; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal.</p><p>Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, Chauki</p><p>Biran community forest, N 26.51°, E 88.02°, 79 m, 04.11.2020, Y. B . Poudel JF519 (KATH); Chauki Biran community forest, N 26.49°, E 88.01°, 95 m, 09.07.2022, Y. B . Poudel, B. Adhikari, L.N. Sharma &amp; G. Parmar YBLG02 (KATH); Pathibhara Kalika community forest, N 26.50°, E 88.02°, 94 m, 24.01.2020, Y. B . Poudel JF215 (KATH) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B11387D51C6CFF86F04B0C3BFB39FE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Y. B., Poudel;Rajbhandary, S.	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
B11387D51C6DFF80F0400B3CFBBCFCE9.text	B11387D51C6DFF80F0400B3CFBBCFCE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischaemum timorense Kunth, Revis. Gramin.	<div><p>Ischaemum timorense Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 369. 1830. Figs. 4, 5h</p><p>Annual or perennial herbs. Culms up to 70</p><p>cm, decumbent, branched, pubescent at nodes, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2–11 × 0.2–0.7 cm, base narrowed into petiole-like structure up to 3.5 cm, margins entire, minutely hirsute, apex acute or shortly acuminate, both surfaces pilose with tubercle-based hairs, sometimes glabrous on upper surface; sheaths’ margins ciliate on one side and at throat, keeled, glabrous or pilose on upper half or throughout with tubercle-based hairs; ligule c. 1 mm, membranous, shortly ciliate. Inflorescence of paired racemes; racemes 2–5 cm; rachis fragile, jointed, zig-zag, rachis internodes ciliate along angles and apex. Spikelets borne in pairs, one sessile and other pedicelled, similar in form and sex, different in size, ovate-lanceolate, symmetrical, 4–5 mm (excluding awns), pale green or purple-green; florets 2. Sessile spikelets: lower glume lanceolate, 3.5–4.5 mm, 2-keeled, 7 or more-nerved at upper part, margins hyaline, apex bicuspidate, sub-coriaceous on lower part, herbaceous on upper part, lower part smooth, glabrous, upper part hispid, especially on nerves; upper glume lanceolate, 4–5 mm (excluding awn), keeled, 5-nerved, margins hyaline, ciliate, apex bicuspidate with middle awn of 1–4 mm, awn straight, herbaceous, lower part smooth, glabrous, upper part hispid. Lower floret male or sterile; lemma ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–4.5 mm, keeled, 3-nerved, margins ciliate, apex acuminate, sub-membranous, glabrous, hyaline; palea ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm, 2-nerved, margins ciliate, membranous, glabrous, hyaline. Upper floret bisexual; lemma oblong, 3–3.5 mm, margins ciliate, apex 2-lobed, awned, awn 7–12 mm, geniculate or straight, membranous, glabrous, hyaline; palea oblong, 3–3.5 mm, apex acute, membranous, glabrous, hyaline. Pedicelled spikelets narrower than sessile, awned; pedicels 2–2.5 mm, ciliate along angles and apex.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to November.</p><p>Habitat: Open grasslands in the forest margins. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam (Chen et al., 2006b; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal. It is introduced in Africa and America (Chen et al., 2006b).</p><p>Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, Chauki</p><p>Biran community forest, N 26.51°, E 88.01°, 85 m,</p><p>04.11.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF506 (KATH); Radakali community forest, N 26.50°, E 88.03°, 86 m,</p><p>24.08.2019, Y. B . Poudel &amp; K. Panthi PCF46 (KATH).</p><p>Notes: Ischaemum timorense is a highly variable species (Singh &amp; Rao, 2008), and in our specimens it mainly varies in indumentum and size of leaf, and size of petiole-like base.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B11387D51C6DFF80F0400B3CFBBCFCE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Y. B., Poudel;Rajbhandary, S.	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
