taxonID	type	description	language	source
B11387D51C6EFF87F04B0EACFE5BFD95.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to November. Habitat: Moist habitats along the forest edges. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Chen et al., 2006 a; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal. Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, Chauki Biran community forest, N 26.51 °, E 88.02 °, 79 m, 04.11.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF 521 (KATH); Pathibhara Kalika community forest, N 26.50 °, E 88.00 °, 91 m, 23.08.2019, Y. B. Poudel & K. Panthi JCF 41 (KATH). Notes: Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard is close to a widespread species A. zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy, but can be distinguished by its smaller spikelets (less than 5 mm), 5 – 7 - nerved lower glume and 7 - nerved upper glume (Bor, 1940; Noltie, 2000).	en	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
B11387D51C6CFF87F3C20A66FC52FD3E.taxon	description	Glumac. 1 (1): 65. 1853. Figs. 2, 5 d & e Perennial herbs. Culms up to 75 cm, decumbent, branched, glabrous, rooting from basal nodes. Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 3.5 – 11 × 3.0 – 10 mm, base rounded, margins entire, eciliate, apex acuminate, both surfaces glabrous or appressed pubescent specially on lower surface; sheaths’ margins ciliate on one side, glabrous or sometimes appressed pubescent; ligule 1 – 1.5 mm, membranous, eciliate. Inflorescence a panicle, contracted, dense, 5.5 – 7.5 cm; branches ascending, borne singly, the lowest up to 2.4 cm, with long ascending scattered hairs. Spikelets borne singly, obovate, distinctly asymmetrical, c. 2 mm, sometimes with some hairs near base, orange-brown; florets 2. Pedicels 0.3 – 1 mm. Lower glume ovate, 1.1 – 1.3 mm, keeled, 3 - nerved, margins orange, apex acute, herbaceous, minutely hispid on keel. Upper glume ovate, 1.5 – 1.8 mm, keeled, 3 - nerved, margins orange, apex apiculate, herbaceous, glabrous. Lower floret sterile; lemma ovate, c. 1.5 mm, keeled, 5 - nerved, margins orange, apex obtuse, herbaceous, glabrous; palea absent. Upper floret bisexual; lemma obovate, 1.3 – 1.5 mm, keeled, abruptly contracted at base, apex with a brown scar, coriaceous, shiny, glabrous, creamy; palea oblong, subequalling lemma, keeled, apex blunt, coriaceous, glabrous, creamy. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from January to February. Habitat: Moist places on the forest ground floor. Distribution: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cook Island, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Niue, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis- Futuna Islands (Chen et al., 2006 a; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal. Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, Pathibhara Kalika community forest, N 26.49 °, E 87.99 °, 106 m, 22.01.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF 116, JF 121 (KATH).	en	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
B11387D51C6CFF86F04B0C3BFB39FE32.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from June to February. Habitat: Moist and damp places in the forest. Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Chen et al., 2006 a; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal. Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, Chauki Biran community forest, N 26.51 °, E 88.02 °, 79 m, 04.11.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF 519 (KATH); Chauki Biran community forest, N 26.49 °, E 88.01 °, 95 m, 09.07.2022, Y. B. Poudel, B. Adhikari, L. N. Sharma & G. Parmar YBLG 02 (KATH); Pathibhara Kalika community forest, N 26.50 °, E 88.02 °, 94 m, 24.01.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF 215 (KATH).	en	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
B11387D51C6DFF80F0400B3CFBBCFCE9.taxon	description	cm, decumbent, branched, pubescent at nodes, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2 – 11 × 0.2 – 0.7 cm, base narrowed into petiole-like structure up to 3.5 cm, margins entire, minutely hirsute, apex acute or shortly acuminate, both surfaces pilose with tubercle-based hairs, sometimes glabrous on upper surface; sheaths’ margins ciliate on one side and at throat, keeled, glabrous or pilose on upper half or throughout with tubercle-based hairs; ligule c. 1 mm, membranous, shortly ciliate. Inflorescence of paired racemes; racemes 2 – 5 cm; rachis fragile, jointed, zig-zag, rachis internodes ciliate along angles and apex. Spikelets borne in pairs, one sessile and other pedicelled, similar in form and sex, different in size, ovate-lanceolate, symmetrical, 4 – 5 mm (excluding awns), pale green or purple-green; florets 2. Sessile spikelets: lower glume lanceolate, 3.5 – 4.5 mm, 2 - keeled, 7 or more-nerved at upper part, margins hyaline, apex bicuspidate, sub-coriaceous on lower part, herbaceous on upper part, lower part smooth, glabrous, upper part hispid, especially on nerves; upper glume lanceolate, 4 – 5 mm (excluding awn), keeled, 5 - nerved, margins hyaline, ciliate, apex bicuspidate with middle awn of 1 – 4 mm, awn straight, herbaceous, lower part smooth, glabrous, upper part hispid. Lower floret male or sterile; lemma ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 – 4.5 mm, keeled, 3 - nerved, margins ciliate, apex acuminate, sub-membranous, glabrous, hyaline; palea ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 – 3 mm, 2 - nerved, margins ciliate, membranous, glabrous, hyaline. Upper floret bisexual; lemma oblong, 3 – 3.5 mm, margins ciliate, apex 2 - lobed, awned, awn 7 – 12 mm, geniculate or straight, membranous, glabrous, hyaline; palea oblong, 3 – 3.5 mm, apex acute, membranous, glabrous, hyaline. Pedicelled spikelets narrower than sessile, awned; pedicels 2 – 2.5 mm, ciliate along angles and apex. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to November. Habitat: Open grasslands in the forest margins. Distribution: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam (Chen et al., 2006 b; POWO, 2023) and now in Nepal. It is introduced in Africa and America (Chen et al., 2006 b). Specimens examined: NEPAL, Koshi province, Jhapa district, Haldibari rural municipality, Chauki Biran community forest, N 26.51 °, E 88.01 °, 85 m, 04.11.2020, Y. B. Poudel JF 506 (KATH); Radakali community forest, N 26.50 °, E 88.03 °, 86 m, 24.08.2019, Y. B. Poudel & K. Panthi PCF 46 (KATH). Notes: Ischaemum timorense is a highly variable species (Singh & Rao, 2008), and in our specimens it mainly varies in indumentum and size of leaf, and size of petiole-like base.	en	Y. B., Poudel, Rajbhandary, S. (2024): New distributional records of four grass species (Poaceae: Panicoideae) to the Flora of Nepal. Rheedea 34 (2): 157-163, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.11
