identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B12C7D3EFFFAD07D1BA2E418FD1FFD7A.text	B12C7D3EFFFAD07D1BA2E418FD1FFD7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exaeretia Stainton 1849	<div><p>Exaeretia Stainton, 1849</p><p>Type species: Exaeretia allisella Stainton, 1849</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B12C7D3EFFFAD07D1BA2E418FD1FFD7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Arashima, Hazumu;Yagi, Sadahisa;Sasaki, Kimitaka;Suzuki, Shinya;Hirowatari, Toshiya	Arashima, Hazumu, Yagi, Sadahisa, Sasaki, Kimitaka, Suzuki, Shinya, Hirowatari, Toshiya (2025): Two species of Depressariidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) newly recorded from the grassland of southwestern Japan. Zootaxa 5647 (6): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6
B12C7D3EFFFAD07B1BA2E488FCD0F89C.text	B12C7D3EFFFAD07B1BA2E488FCD0F89C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exaeretia allisella Stainton 1849	<div><p>Exaeretia allisella Stainton, 1849</p><p>(Japanese name: Suisei-hirata-maruha-kibaga).</p><p>(Figs. 2–3)</p><p>Exaeretia allisella Stainton, 1849: 152 .</p><p>Depressaria lechriosema Meyrick, 1928: 475 .</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN, Kyushu: 1♂, Fukuoka, Kitakyushu-shi, Kokuraminami-ku, Hiraodai, 14.VI.2008, K. Sasaki leg. ; 2♂, same locality, 4.X.2019, K. Sasaki leg., gen. slide. no. HA22-75, HA23-133; 2♂, same locality, 1.X.2023, S. Suzuki leg.; 2♂, Nagasaki, Higashisonogi-cho, Onohara, 25.IX.2021, S. Tomura leg., gen. slide. no. HA23-165, HA23-166 ; 1♂, Kumamoto, Aso-shi, Nishiyunoura, 30.VIII.2023, S. Suzuki leg. ; 6♂, Kumamoto, Aso-shi, Ichinomiya-machi, Sakanashi, 12.IX.2024, S. Suzuki leg., gen. slide. no. HA24-248, HA24-249, HA24-250 ; 1♂, Kumamoto, Aso-shi, Nishiyunoura, 13.IX.2024, S. Suzuki leg.</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing pattern of this species is difficult to distinguish from that of E. daurella Lvovsky, 1998 by sharing discal vein of forewing crossed by oblique black streak. The male genitalia of this species are similar to those of E. daurella by sharing the similar shape of socius, gnathos and cuiller, but it can be distinguished by the numerous and very small cornuti (in E. daurella, cornuti are absent).</p><p>Redescription. Male (Fig. 2). Forewing length 7.3–9.1 mm (n = 15), wingspan 16.0– 19.3 mm (n = 15). Head dark brown. Antennae beige on upper surface. Labial palpus upturned, dark brown with some beige scales; third with pale yellow scales in the middle and apex. Thorax covered with brown and black scales. Legs dorsally pale yellow with some brown scales, ventrally brown with pale yellow scales. Forewing dark brown with some pale yellow, black, and purplish brown scales; two oblique dark brown stripes from costal margin to inner margin; fringe brown. Forewing underside dark beige; costal and outer margins dark brown scattered with pale yellow scales. Hindwing pale yellow, darker towards apex, costal margins and veins light brown, fringe pale yellow, rather darker near apex. Hindwing underside light beige, near costal margin scattered with many brownish scales. Abdomen pale yellow dorsally, brown ventrally with some light beige scales.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Uncus small, distinct, overtopped by socius in standard preparation. Socius broadly elliptic. Gnathos rounded, globular. Transtilla of uniform width, wide, and almost straight. Transtilla lobes semielliptic. Valva broad at base, tapering to its tip, costal margin curving. Cuiller with two processes; upper process distinctly shorter and thinner in comparison with lower one; lower process curved downwardly. Juxta broad elliptic, posterior margin with pair of angular processes. Anellus lobes narrow, straight, apex rounded, towards tip of valva. Saccus tapered toward tip. Phallus (Fig. 3B) almost straight with curved tip. Vesica with numerous, minute cornuti.</p><p>DNA analysis. Partial COI sequences of one male specimen collected from Hiraodai, Fukuoka Prefecture., and one male specimen collected from Onohara, Nagasaki Prefecture, were uploaded to the BOLD systems in the dataset DS-HADP002 and their BIN ID was BOLD: ABA0482. The sequenced data were deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers PV278027 and PV278028. The sequences of the specimens collected from the two sites in Kyushu matched completely. The uncorrected pairwise distances between the Japanese specimens and specimens collected in Europe, Russia, and China were 0.00–3.42% in the COI barcode region. The phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4) showed four clades of E. allisella, and the Japanese specimens were included in one clade with specimens from Russia (Altai) and Switzerland. Japanese specimens had 5.71% pairwise distance from the most similar species, Exaeretia lvovskyi Buchner, Junnilainen, &amp; Nupponen, 2019 (accession number MN942293).</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Kyushu), new record; China, Mongolia, Russia, Ukraine, Ireland, Belgium, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, and Poland northward to Fennoscandia, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Switzerland, and the Carpathians (Lvovsky 2014; Buchner &amp; Corley 2024).</p><p>Host plant. Artemisia vulgaris, A. campestris ( Asteraceae) (Lvovsky 2014).</p><p>Remarks. The forewing pattern and male genitalia of the Japanese specimens matched those of E. allisella, featuring two oblique dark stripes in the forewing and the shape of the cuiller. However, they also matched those of E. liupanshana Wang, 2010 from China. This species is described as a separate species based on the shorter upper process of the cuiller and the longer signum plate in its genitalia. However, Buchner and Šumpich (2020) provisionally concluded that E. liupanshana should be synonymized with E. allisella because these differences fall within the intraspecific variability range based on the comparison of many specimens. The upper process of the cuiller in specimens collected from Japan is almost the same length as that of E. liupanshana, but the BLAST search showed that Japanese specimens completely matched European E. allisella . Therefore, we agree with the opinion of Buchner and Šumpich (2020), although we have not proposed a taxonomic change considering that we have not observed the type materials of E. liupanshana and did not compare the sequences of the specimens identified as E. liupanshana .</p><p>Japanese specimens have brown forewings with two oblique dark stripes which show individual variation (Fig. 2), whereas typical European specimens are pale grey in the basal half and have a diffuse but distinct dark patch near the centre distally of the oblique dividing line. Such grey specimens have not been recorded from Japan yet. The phylogenetic tree did not show any relation between forewing color and the COI barcode. The tendency for darker color on the forewing of only the specimens collected from Kyushu is occasionally observed in other Depressariidae species, e.g. Agonopterix multiplicella (Erschoff, 1877), A. asebiella Arashima, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari, 2023 and A. costaemaculella (Christoph, 1882) (H. Arashima, pers. obs.). Further investigation, including analyzing other DNA regions and observation of specimens from neighboring areas, is needed to clarify the distribution range and environmental conditions or genetic basis for this tendency.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B12C7D3EFFFAD07B1BA2E488FCD0F89C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Arashima, Hazumu;Yagi, Sadahisa;Sasaki, Kimitaka;Suzuki, Shinya;Hirowatari, Toshiya	Arashima, Hazumu, Yagi, Sadahisa, Sasaki, Kimitaka, Suzuki, Shinya, Hirowatari, Toshiya (2025): Two species of Depressariidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) newly recorded from the grassland of southwestern Japan. Zootaxa 5647 (6): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6
B12C7D3EFFFDD07A1BA2E6C8FD67FF29.text	B12C7D3EFFFDD07A1BA2E6C8FD67FF29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Depressaria Haworth 1811	<div><p>Depressaria Haworth, 1811</p><p>Type species: Phalaena heracliana Linnaeus, 1758</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B12C7D3EFFFDD07A1BA2E6C8FD67FF29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Arashima, Hazumu;Yagi, Sadahisa;Sasaki, Kimitaka;Suzuki, Shinya;Hirowatari, Toshiya	Arashima, Hazumu, Yagi, Sadahisa, Sasaki, Kimitaka, Suzuki, Shinya, Hirowatari, Toshiya (2025): Two species of Depressariidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) newly recorded from the grassland of southwestern Japan. Zootaxa 5647 (6): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6
B12C7D3EFFFDD0761BA2E778FF52FCC6.text	B12C7D3EFFFDD0761BA2E778FF52FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Depressaria falkovitshi Lvovsky 1990	<div><p>Depressaria falkovitshi Lvovsky, 1990</p><p>(Japanese name: Hiyoko-hirata-maruha-kibaga).</p><p>(Figs. 5–9)</p><p>Depressaria falkovitshi Lvovsky, 1990: 73 .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>[ Pale yellowish type.] JAPAN, Kyushu: 2♂ 1♀, Fukuoka, Kitakyushu-shi, Kokuraminami-ku, Hiraodai, 27.VIII.2016, K. Sasaki leg. , gen. slide. no. HA22-74, HA22-84, HA22-85; 3♀, same locality, 29.VIII.2020, S. Tomura leg.; 2♀, same locality, 30.VIII.2020, J. Oku leg., gen. slide. no. Oku 2020 No. 70 female; 1♂, same locality, 28.VIII.2021, K. Sasaki leg.; 1♀, same locality, 30.VIII.2021, H. Arashima leg.; 1♂ 1♀, same locality, 7.VIII.2022 (larva), host: Bupleurum stenophyllum, 12.VIII.2022 emerged, S. Suzuki leg. , gen. slide. no. HA24- 234; 3♂ 7♀, same locality, 13.VIII.2022 (larva), host: Bupleurum stenophyllum, 22–29.VIII.2022 emerged, S. Yagi leg. , gen. slide. no. HA24-246, HA24-247; 1♀, same locality, 21.VII.2023 (larva), host: Bupleurum stenophyllum, 3.VIII.2023 emerged, S. Yagi leg. ; 13♀, same locality, 10.VIII.2023, H. Arashima, I. Kawashima, J. Hamaguchi, Y. Matsui, K. Sasaki leg., gen. slide. no. HA23-168, HA24-235, HA24-244, HA24-245; 1♀, same locality, 10.VIII.2023 (pupa), host: Bupleurum stenophyllum, 13.VIII.2023 emerged, H. Arashima, I. Kawashima, J. Hamaguchi, Y. Matsui leg. ; 7♂ 11♀, same locality, 10.VIII.2023 (larva), host: Bupleurum stenophyllum, 19–25.VIII.2023 emerged, H. Arashima, I. Kawashima, J. Hamaguchi, Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♀, same locality, 10. VIII. 2023 (pupa), 17.VIII.2023 emerged, I. Kawashima leg.</p><p>[ Ocher type.] JAPAN, Honshu: 1♂, Yamaguchi, Mine-shi, Akiyoshidai, 28.IX.2019, A. Miyano leg. , Kyushu: 1♀, Fukuoka, Kitakyushu-shi, Kokuraminami-ku, Hiraodai, 15.X.2016, K. Sasaki leg. ; gen. slide. no. HA22-81; 1♂, same locality, 20.IX.2020, K. Sasaki leg., gen. slide. no. HA24-194; 1♀, same locality, 12.IV.2022, K. Sasaki leg., gen. slide. no. HA24-195; 1♀, same locality, host: Bupleurum stenophyllum, 27.X.2022 emerged, K. Sasaki leg.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from other Depressaria species by its pale yellowish or ocher forewing color. However, the male genitalia of this species are similar to those of Depressaria depressana Fabricius, 1775 by sharing the shape of valva. This species can be distinguished from D. depressana by the following characteristics: the saccus is elongated but not so long (in D. depressana it is long and thin), and the phallus has a terminal process of the sclerotized tube on the ventral side with one or two lateral spines (in D. depressana, the phallus does not have a terminal process, though it has several aciculate cornuti). The female genitalia of this species can be distinguished from those of D. depressana by the ductus bursae swelling before antrum (in D. depressana, there is no swelling).</p><p>Redescription. [Pale yellowish type.] Male (Fig. 5A). Forewing length 5.8–7.2 mm (n = 14), wingspan 11.8– 15.5 mm (n = 14). Head, Antennae, labial palpus, thorax, and legs pale yellow. Forewing upper side pale yellow, with light brown dot at end of cell. Forewing underside beige, basal area rather cream color. Hindwing upper side yellowish white, costal margins and veins pale yellow, fringe white to pale yellow. Hindwing underside pale yellow. Abdomen pale yellow. Female (Fig. 5B). Forewing length 4.8–8.0 mm (n = 42), wingspan 11.0– 17.5 mm, (n = 42). Similar to males, but forewing and hindwing color tend to be pale.</p><p>[Ocher type.] Male (Fig. 5C). Forewing length 6.7–8.2 mm (n = 2), wingspan 14.4–16.3 mm (n = 2). Head beige. Antennae brown. Labial palpus beige with a dark brown ring near tip. Thorax beige with diffuse darker dot in middle. Legs ochre. Forewing upper side ochre, darker at basal area, dark brown dot at end of cell, terminal spots rather dark. Forewing underside dark gray. Hindwing upper side brownish gray, darker towards apex, costal margins and veins brown, fringe ochre. Hindwing underside gray. Abdomen ochre. Female (Fig. 5D). Forewing length 8.0– 8.8 mm (n = 3), wingspan 16.8–18.7 mm (n = 3). Similar to males.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 6). Uncus not developed. Socius broadly elliptic. Gnathos rounded, globular. Transtilla gradually expanding towards middle. Costal margin of valva widening sub-basally, ventral margin of valva broad at base, widening subapically, near its tip concave. Cuiller very short, incurved, not reaching costa, thick basally. Juxta flat. Saccus tapered toward tip. Phallus (Fig. 6B) elongated and gently curved upwardly; terminal process of sclerotized tube on ventral side with one or two lateral spines (Fig. 6C–E).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 7). Papilla analis rounded and tapering toward tip. Apophysis anterioris 2/7 length of apophysis posterioris. Ostium situated in middle of eighth sternite. Anterior margin of eighth sternite not bulged. Ductus bursae long with small, slightly sclerotized swelling beyond antrum; antrum with deep V-shaped incision, strongly sclerotized. Ductus seminalis arising before swelling of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae elliptic with a small signum with various-sized numerous spines, horizontally elongated.</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), new record; China (Liu et al. 2014), Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan (Lvovsky 2016).</p><p>Host plant. Bupleurum stenophyllum (Fig. 8A, Wan et al. 2015; Bai et al. 2017, see Remarks), B. chinensis (Liu et al. 2014) ( Apiaceae).</p><p>Biology. Young larvae feed on new leaves of the host plants; as they grow, they roll the leaves (Fig. 8B, C). The mature larvae make a web nest by spinning inflorescences (Fig. 8D, E). The larvae pupate in their nest (Fig. 8F) or a flattened cocoon made by radiating threads on the substrate (Fig. 8G).</p><p>In Japan, adults emerge twice a year during the host flowering season of host plants (in August–October (Kitagawa 1982). The first-generation larvae feed on host plants from mid-July to late August, emerge as pale yellowish adults from August to early September, and lay eggs. Second-generation larvae feed on host plants from September to early October, emerge as ocher adults from late September to October, and then hibernate as adults. (Fig. 9).</p><p>Remarks. This species is an important pest in China; the host plants, Bupleurum spp., are used in herbal medicine (Liu et al. 2014; Wan et al. 2015). In addition, Bai et al. (2017) reported B. falcatum as a host plants. However, we conclude that the plant is B. stenophyllum because this Bupleurum was introduced from Japan in this literature, and the species previously considered to be B. falcatum in Japan is now regarded as B. stenophyllum (Ohta, 1998; Wang et al. 2011). In fact, B. falcatum is currently thought to be a species restricted to Europe (Wang et al. 2011).</p><p>In this study, seasonal dimorphism was discovered in this species, representing the first documented case in the family Depressariidae . Although examples of seasonal dimorphism or polymorphism have been reported in several groups of microlepidoptera, such phenomena seem to be relatively uncommon. For example, in Japan, they have been reported in Lyonetiidae ( Lyonetia spp.; Ahn &amp; Hirowatari 2013), Scythrididae ( Scythris sinensis (Felder &amp; Rogenhofer, 1875); Sakamaki 2013b), Gracillariidae ( Phyllonorycter spp., Caloptilia spp.; Kumata et al. 2013), Tortricidae ( Acleris spp.; Nasu 2013), and Crambidae ( Paliga minnehaha (Pryer, 1877); Komatsu &amp; Tomisawa 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B12C7D3EFFFDD0761BA2E778FF52FCC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Arashima, Hazumu;Yagi, Sadahisa;Sasaki, Kimitaka;Suzuki, Shinya;Hirowatari, Toshiya	Arashima, Hazumu, Yagi, Sadahisa, Sasaki, Kimitaka, Suzuki, Shinya, Hirowatari, Toshiya (2025): Two species of Depressariidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) newly recorded from the grassland of southwestern Japan. Zootaxa 5647 (6): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.6
