taxonID	type	description	language	source
B65287A09918037AFC80FE98031BFE9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Uiblein and Randall, 2022) Small to moderately sized (to ~ 40 cm SL), body elongat- ed; chin with pair of long, unbranched sensory barbels that can be folded into median groove between the jaws. Mouth low on head, upper jaw slightly protrusible, lower jaw inferior, cleft slightly oblique; jaw teeth conical or villiform, in 1 series or 2 or more irregular rows. Two well-separated dorsal fins: 1 st dorsal fin 7 or 8 slender spines (1 st spine often very small in species with 8 spines), 2 nd dorsal fin 9 rays (1 st ray unbranched; segments sometimes difficult to see, giving appearance of a spine); anal fin 1 spine, 6 or 7 rays; pelvic fins 1 spine, 5 rays; pectoral fins 12 - 18 rays; caudal fin forked, middle 13 rays branched. Lateral line complete, following dorsal curve of body, with 27 - 39 pored scales to caudal-fin base. Scales finely ctenoid, entirely covering head and body (except preorbital region in some species of Upeneus). Body often whitish to pale red in life (preserved specimens usually pale brown), and most species with distinctive markings (usually only the darkest markings, such as caudal-fin bars and stripes on sides, are retained in preservative). Remarks A single family: Mullidae. Based on currently available morphological and genetic information, we consider the Mulliformes to be a monotypic order comprised solely of the family Mullidae. The pair of hyoid barbels is a unique character not shared with any other fish family (Gosline, 1985; Kim et al., 2001). Traditional systematic assumptions based on shared morphological characters, such as presence of spines in dorsal, anal and pelvic fins, and two separated dorsal fins, place the Mullidae within the order Perciformes (e. g., Nelson et al., 2016). In contrast, recent DNA studies suggest a close relationship of the goatfishes with several non-perciform fish groups subsumed into the series Syngnatharia with the single order Syngnathiformes and placement of the Mullidae as a single family in the syngnathiform suborder Mulloidei (Betancur-R. et al., 2017). However, as also stated in the latter study, there is currently no known morphological synapomorphy to support the inclusion of Mullidae in the order Syngnathiformes. Therefore, we recognize here the order Mulliformes pending additional research. Family Mullidae Rafinesque, 1815 Diagnosis Same as for order Mulliformes. Remarks Six genera and 103 species including the four new species described herein.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0991F037AFF29FB9E0762FBDD.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2; Tables I-II) Material examined Holotype and only material (Fig. 1 A). PNM 15727 (formerly USNM 438122), 113 mm SL, vicinity of Dinadiawan, Aurora Province, Luzon, Philippines, W Pacific, obtained from fishermen, collectors J. T. Williams; K. E. Carpenter; M. J. Mendiola; N. A. Flores; 4 Aug. 2015. Genetic tissue sample catalogued as USNM 438122. Diagnosis Dorsal fins VII + 9; pectoral fins 14; gill rakers 6 + 16 = 22; lateral-line scales 31; body moderately elongate; measurements as % SL: body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 24; body depth at anal-fin origin 20; caudal-peduncle depth 10; caudal-peduncle width 4.1; maximum head depth 19; head depth through eye 16; head length 31; snout length 13; orbit length 6.4; upper-jaw length 12; barbel length 20; caudal-fin length 29; anal-fin height 14; pelvic-fin length 19; pectoral-fin length 19; pectoral-fin width 5.1; first dorsal-fin height 19; dorsal-fin spines proportionally decreasing in height; second dorsal-fin height 16; total oblique bars on caudal fin 14, upper caudal-fin lobe with 6 thin orange bars, the two most proximal bars rather close to each other, the distal-most bar on lobe tip; lower caudal-fin lobe with 8 reddish-brown, partly interconnected and curved bars; dorsal fins of fresh fish with four orange stripes; barbels pale-rose whitish with white origin and tip; body colour of freshly deceased fish beige silvery ventrally, dorsally reddish brown, with a weakly indicated orange mid-lateral body stripe from behind eye to caudal-fin base; head reddish brown silvery; paired and anal fins pale-whitish hyaline, pelvic fins with some pale-orange pigmentation; in preserved fish head and body dorsally uniformly brown, body ventrally pale brown, bars on caudal fins and stripes on dorsal fins partly retained as grey pigmentation patterns and barbels pale. Description Measurements in % SL and counts are given in Table II; morphometric data as ratios of SL for holotype: body moderately elongate; body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 4.2; body depth at anal-fin origin 4.9, larger than maximum head depth (5.3), pelvic-fin length (5.3) and pectoral-fin length (5.1); caudal-peduncle depth 10, clearly larger than orbit length (16); caudal-peduncle width 24, less than half of interorbital length (14) and much smaller than pectoral-fin width (20); head depth through eye 6.4; head length 3.2, much larger than maximum body depth; snout length 7.7, subequal to second dorsal-fin base (7.6) and only slightly smaller than anal-fin height (7.1); barbel length 4.9; caudal-fin length 3.5; first dorsal-fin height 5.3, much larger than second dorsal-fin height (6.4) and subequal to maximum head depth; dorsal-fin spines proportionally decreasing in height.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0991F037AFF29FEFD028FFBBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (Uiblein and Maclaine, 2021) Dorsal fins VII or VIII + 9; pectoral fins 12 - 17; princi- pal caudal-fin rays 7 + 8 (median 13 branched); gill rakers 4 - 9 + 13 - 24 = 18 - 33; lateral-line scales 28 - 39; lateral line complete; small scales present basally on second dorsal, anal and / or caudal fins; small teeth present on vomer and pala- tines; teeth on jaws multiserial and villiform; body oblong, slightly compressed or nearly rounded; barbels 15 - 27 % SL; snout length 9.1 - 14 % SL, subequal to or slightly shorter than postorbital length (9.7 - 15 % SL); body frequently with one to several longitudinal stripes, varying from yellow to red, brown or black in life; oblique bars often present on caudal-fin lobes, usually retained in preservative when darkly pigmented, and their number, colour and form of diagnostic importance. Remarks Fifty-one species, of which 47 have been included in seven taxonomic species groups and four species left ungrouped.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A099120374FC80FA2E072CFA04.taxon	description	(Figs 3, 4; Tables I, III) Material examined Holotype (Fig. 3 A). NMW 74697, 95 mm SL, Quishn, E Yemen, NW Indian Ocean, collectors M. and W. Hein, 1902. Paratype. NMW 97688, 95 mm SL, same sampling data as HT. Diagnosis Dorsal fins VII + 9; pectoral fins 14 - 15; gill rakers 7 - 8 + 21 - 22 = 28 - 30; lateral-line scales 29 - 30; body moderately elongate; measurements as % SL: body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 23 - 24; body depth at anal-fin origin 20 - 22; caudal-peduncle depth 9.5 - 9.7; caudal-peduncle width 4.0 - 4.1; maximum head depth 17; head depth through eye 14; head length 27; snout length 10; orbit length 6.3; upper-jaw length 9.3 - 9.5; barbel length 18; caudal-fin length 28; anal-fin height 16 - 17; pelvic-fin length 20; pectoral-fin length 19 - 20; pectoral-fin width 4.4 - 4.5; first dorsal-fin height 18 - 19; dorsal-fin spines proportionally decreasing in height; second dorsal-fin height 16; caudal fin of preserved fish with at least 9 total oblique bars, upper caudal-fin lobe with 5 dark-grey bars of about pupil width, the four most proximal bars variably curved, no bar on lobe tip; lower caudal-fin lobe with at least 4 dark-grey bars of pupil width or wider, three bars from ventral margin to about mid-lobe, one at lobe tip; dorsal fins with three grey stripes; barbels pale; body and head from snout tip dark brown-grey dorsally, pale brown ventrally from eye level; head with a vertically oriented silvery band behind eye that widens below eye and gill cover silvery or pale-beige silvery; no indication of mid-lateral body stripe; paired and anal fins pale-brown, partly hyaline. Description Measurements in % SL and counts are given in Table III; morphometric data as ratios of SL for holotype (for PT, if deviating, in square brackets): body moderately elongate; body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 4.3 [4.2]; maximum head depth 5.7 [5.8], smaller than pelvic-fin length (5.0 [5.1]), pectoral-fin length (5.1 [5.2]) and body depth at anal-fin origin (4.8 [4.6]); caudal-peduncle depth 10 [11], clearly larger than orbit length (16); caudal-peduncle width 24 [25], nearly half of interorbital length (13 [14]) and smaller than pectoral-fin width (23 [22]); head depth through eye 7.1 [7.0]; head length 3.7, larger than body depth at first dorsal-fin origin; snout length 10, clearly shorter than second dorsal-fin base (7.0 [7.3]) and anal-fin height (6.0 [6.2]); barbel length 5.5 [5.7], about twice upper jaw length (11), the latter slightly shorter than snout length (10 [9.9]); caudal-fin length 3.6; first dorsal-fin height 5.5 [5.2], larger than second dorsal-fin height (6.3 [6.4]) and smaller than maximum head depth; dorsal-fin spines proportionally decreasing in height.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990D0368FF29FA5C0674FE6D.taxon	description	111 mm SL; Nha Trang fish market: VNMN-I 2057 (formerly HIFIRE F 58174), 134 mm SL; VNMN-I 2058 (formerly HIFIRE F 58177), 128 mm SL.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990D0368FC80FE48069DFB64.taxon	description	Non-types. Mozambique, SW Indian Ocean: BPBM 31272, 106 mm SL, NE off Beira, Sofala Bank, 19 ° 09 ’ S, 36 ° 20 ’ E, RV Anton Bruun, cruise 8, st. 403 A, International Indian Ocean Expedition; SAIAB 82794, 93 mm SL, off Inhambane, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, st. M 07 - 36, 24 ° 56.6 ’ S, 35 ° 03 ’ E, 65 m depth, bottom trawl; SAIAB 188305, 92 mm SL, NE off Angoche, northernmost Sofala Bank, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, st. 29, 16 ° 02.75 ’ S, 40 ° 20.26 ’ E, 29 - 40 m depth, bottom trawl; SAM MB-F 034156, 1 (of 66), 97 mm SL, off Beira, 19 ° 49 ’ S, 36 ° 05 ’ E, bottom trawl.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990D0368FF29FE6900B2FA60.taxon	description	Types. Australia, Queensland, SW Pacific: holotype: AMS 34384 - 012, 86 mm SL, 2.5 km W of Island Head, FV Peggy, 22 ° 19.73 ’ S, 150 ° 38.03 ’ E, 0 - 6 m depth, prawn trawl; paratypes: AMS 34384 - 004, 2 (of 7): 86 mm SL, same sampling data as holotype; AMS 34396 - 11, 89 mm SL, Port Clinton, FV Peggy, 22 ° 34.24 ’ S, 150 ° 44.62 ’ E, 0 - 8 m depth, prawn trawl. Non-types. Australia, Queensland, SW Pacific: NMV 24604, 88 mm SL, Deception Bay, 27 ° 12 ’ S, 153 ° 02 ’ E; AMS I. 34397 - 134, 100 mm SL, South Arm channel, Port Clinton, adjacent to West Flat, 22 ° 34 ’ 08 ” S, 150 ° 44 ’ 34 ” E, 10 - 11 m depth; Lizard Island area: AMS I. 20753 - 004, 73 mm SL, 14 ° 36 ’ S, 145 ° 14 ’ E, 14 - 15 m depth; AMS I. 20778 - 021, 106 mm SL, Decapolis reef, 14 ° 50 ’ S, 145 ° 17 ’ E, 12 - 14 m depth; CSIRO H 6894 - 04, 2, 122 - 123 mm SL, W of Lizard Island, 14 ° 36.81 ’ S, 145 ° 13.34 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 16 m depth; Torres Strait: CSIRO H 6898 - 09, 72 mm SL, SW of Prince of Wales Island, 10 ° 55.23 ’ S, 141 ° 49.15 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 16 m depth; CSIRO 7365 - 01, 113 mm SL, N of Princess Charlotte Bay 14 ° 08 ’ S, 143 ° 53 ’ E, 18 m depth; CSIRO H 7477 - 01, 105 mm SL, NE of Newcastle Bay, 10 ° 27.72 ’ S, 143 ° 04.84 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 23 m depth; W Australia, E Indian Ocean: AMS I. 26833 - 001, 2, 118 - 121 mm SL, Cockburn Sound, Fremantle, 32 ° 11 ’ S, 115 ° 43 ’ E; BMNH 1983 5.5.17 - 22, 6, 117 - 130 mm SL, 20 ° 15 ’ 0 ” S, 117 ° 50 ’ 00 ” E; BMNH 1983 5.5.27 - 30, 112 mm SL, 20 ° 10 ’ 0 ” S, 118 ° 25 ’ 00 ” E; CSIRO H 4056 - 01, 105 mm SL, NW of Port Hedland, 19 ° 46 ’ S, 118 ° 13 ’ E, 35 - 37 m depth; WAM 32328 - 001, 3, 90 - 103 mm SL, Shark Bay, Whaleback Hill, 24 ° 40.772 ’ S, 113 ° 25.508 ’ E, 14 m depth; WAM P 25396.006, 18, 85 - 111 mm SL, Rowley Shoals, 17 ° 26 ’ S, 121 ° 54 ’ E, 28 m depth; WAM 25396, 88 mm SL, Rowley Shoals, 17 ° 26 ’ S, 121 ° 54 ’ E, 28 m depth.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990D0369FC80FB510043FD1F.taxon	description	Types. Paratypes: S Japan, W Pacific, Kagoshima Prefecture: KAUM – I. 10384, 87 mm SL, Minamisatsuma, Kasasa, Kataura, off E of Sakinoyama, 31 ° 25.44 ’ N, 130 ° 11.49 ’ E, 27 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 13595, 118 mm SL, same sampling data as before; KAUM – I. 13591, 104 mm SL, Minamisatsuma, Kasasa, NE of Matsu-shima Island, 31 ° 25.06 ’ N, 130 ° 12.32 ’ E, 20 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 13594, 108 mm SL, Minamisatsuma, Kasasa, Kataura, off Kouzaki-yama, 31 ° 26.00 ’ N, 130 ° 10.05 ’ E, 36 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 13715, 134 mm SL, Ibusuki, Kaimonkawajiri, 1 km SW of Kawajiri Fishing Port, 31 ° 10 ’ N 130 ° 32 ’ E, 40 m depth, set net; MNHN 2010 - 1050, 114 mm SL, Minamisatsuma, Kasasa, Kataura, off E of Sakinoyama, 31 ° 25.44 ’ N, 130 ° 11.49 ’ E, 27 m depth, set net. Non-types. S Japan, W Pacific, Kagoshima Prefecture: KAUM – I. 14661, 111 mm SL, Ibusuki, Kaimonkawajiri, 1 km SW of Kawajiri Fishing Port, 31 ° 10 ’ N 130 ° 32 ’ E, 40 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 27549, 111 mm SL, same collecting data; KAUM – I. 35617, 139 mm SL, Minamisatsuma, Kasasa, Kataura, off E of Sakinoyama, 31 ° 25.44 ’ N, 130 ° 11.49 ’ E, 27 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 56303, 115 mm SL, same sampling data; KAUM – I. 97832, 98 mm SL, same sampling data; KAUM – I. 131500, 133 mm SL, same sampling data; KAUM – I. 35944, 133 mm SL, Kimotsuki, Uchinoura Bay, 31 ° 17 ’ N, 131 ° 05 ’ E, set net; KAUM – I. 123984, 117 mm SL, same sampling data; KAUM – I. 54077, 99 mm SL, Osumi Islands, Tanega-shima Island, Kumage-gun, Nakatane, off Kumano, 30 ° 28.13 ’ N, 130 ° 58.32 ’ E, 25 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 59466, 101 mm SL, same sampling data; KAUM – I. 56749, 115 mm SL, Kimotsuki, Uchinoura Bay, 31 ° 24.28 ’ N 131 ° 02.55 ’ E, 40 - 45 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 73580, 88 mm SL, Minamisatsuma, Kasasa, NE of Matsu-shima Island, 31 ° 25.06 ’ N, 130 ° 12.32 ’ E, 20 m depth, set net; KAUM – I. 110071, 131 mm SL, same sampling data; KAUM – I. 86533, 134 mm SL, Kimotsuki, Kishira, off Funama Fishing Port, 31 ° 10 ’ N, 130 ° 59 ’ E, set net.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990C0369FF29FBDE00E2FA3D.taxon	description	Non-types. Indonesia, E Indian Ocean: CSIRO H 7417 - 02, 93 mm SL, Lombok, Tanjung Luar, fish market; CSIRO H 7417 - 01, 2 specimens, 97 - 98 mm SL, same sampling data as before; MZB 22711, 95 mm SL, same sampling data as before.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990C0369FF29FA1F00EEF9FD.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype and only material: KAUM – I. 58746, 89 mm SL, S Japan, Philippine Sea, W Pacific, Kagoshima Prefecture, Osumi Islands, Tanega-shima Island, Kumage-gun, Nakatane, off Kumano, 30 ° 28.13 ’ N, 130 ° 58.32 ’ E, 25 m depth, set net.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990C0369FF29F9DF075AFE40.taxon	description	Non-types. N Red Sea, W Indian Ocean: Egypt, Gulf of Suez, MNHN-IC- 1980 - 1517, 96 mm SL, 28 ° 40 ’ S, 32 ° 53 ’ E; Gulf of Aqaba, Nuweiba: BPBM 19823, 6, 80 - 109 mm SL, El Muzeini; Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat: BPBM 30904, 6 (of 7), 80 - 117 mm SL, N beach, seine; MNHN-IC- 1977 - 1046, 89 mm SL, beach; Madagascar, W Indian Ocean: MNHN-IC- 1992 - 977, 97 mm SL, off SW Madagascar, Toliara (” Vontira ”); SAIAB 209540, 3, 89 - 96 mm SL, off NE Madagascar, 17 ° 32.29 ’ S, 49 ° 37.13 ’ E, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, 51 - 52 m depth, bottom trawl; Mediterreanean Sea: Egypt: BMNH 1979.3. 20.24, 110 mm SL, off Alexandria; Lebanon: BPBM 31277, 7, 72 - 77 mm SL, off St. George’s Bay.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A0990C0366FC80FDFD02B8FA9D.taxon	description	Non-types. W Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Egypt, Gulf of Suez: MNHN-IC- 1967 - 0553, 77 mm SL; SAIAB 88872, 98 mm SL, local fishermen (Suez fish market?); Sudan: BMNH 1960 - 315.8.42 - 1, 77 mm SL, 5 miles S of Ibn Abbas Island; Saudi Arabia: SMF 35012, 78 mm SL, 16 ° 54.869 ’ N, 42 ° 26.044 ’ E, 21 m depth; WIO proper, Somalia: USNM 396093, 114 mm SL, 11 ° 14 ’ N, 51 ° 08 ’ E; Kenya: SAIAB 13947, 100 mm SL, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen cruise 1980, 03 ° 07 ’ S, 40 ° 11 ’ E, 17 m depth, bottom trawl; Mozambique: SAIAB 82166, 95 mm SL, SW of Beira, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, M 73, 20 ° 53.80 ’ S, 35 ° 39.60 ’ E, 61 m depth; SAIAB 82216, 91 mm SL, 19 ° 56.2 ’ S, 35 ° 47.2 ’ E, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, M 07 - 78, 47 m depth, bottom trawl; SAIAB 81746, 91 mm SL, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, M 07 - 07, 26 ° 30.4 ’ S, 32 ° 58.4 ’ E, 82 m depth, bottom trawl; SAIAB 82007, 2, 93 - 108 mm SL, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, M 07 - 46, 24 ° 33.7 ’ S, 35 ° 15.6 ’ E, 51 m depth, bottom trawl; SAIAB 82813, 102 mm SL, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, M 07 - 77, 19 ° 47.4 ’ S, 35 ° 30.7 ’ E, 28 m depth, bottom trawl; SAM MB-F 034164, 142 mm SL, 18 ° 30 ’ S, 37 ° 15 ’ E; VIMS 7487, 93 mm SL, 20 ° 30 ’ S, 35 ° 49 ’ E, 32 m depth; Madagascar: SAIAB 52827, 92 mm SL, NW Madagascar, Tsimipaika Bay, 8 - 12 m depth; SAIAB 192775, 2, 90 - 104 mm SL, off NE Madagascar, 17 ° 32.29 ’ S, 49 ° 37.13 ’ E, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, st. 2008405 - 24, 51 - 52 m depth, bottom trawl; SAIAB 209011, 133 mm SL, same sampling data as before; Réunion: MNHN-IC- 1967 - 0554, 92 mm SL, Bay of La Possession, 20 ° 53 ’ S, 55 ° 21 ’ E, 80 m depth; Seychelles: BPBM 35580, 3 (of 6), 68 - 76 mm SL, Poivre Atoll, 5 ° 46 ’ S, 53 ° 11 ’ E, 57 m depth, Agassiz trawl; SAIAB 84255, 10, 93 - 117 mm SL, Seychelles, Seychelles Bank, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, ACEP 08 - 26, 5 ° 41 ’ 52.8 ” S, 56 ° 42 ’ 07.2 ” E, 59 m depth, bottom trawl; SAIAB 84281, 3, 106 – 117 mm SL, Seychelles, Seychelles bank, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, ACEP 08 - 27; 5 ° 24 ’ 25.2 ” S, 56 ° 25 ’ 43.8 ” E, 60 m depth, bottom trawl; E Indian Ocean: India: HIFIRE F 5898, 91 mm SL, South Andaman district, Andaman Islands; Myanmar, Bay of Bengal: SAIAB 203668, 109 mm SL, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, 18 ° 37.61 ’ N, 93 ° 39.53 ’ E, St. 2015404 - 17, 36 - 38 m depth; SAIAB 203675, 104 mm SL, 19 ° 40.84 ’ N, 92 ° 54,13 ’ E, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, St. 2015404 - 4, 45 m depth; SAIAB 203676, 99 mm SL, 19 ° 06.31 ’ N, 93 ° 07.89 ’ E, St. 2015404 - 10, RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, 78 m depth; Andaman Sea: VIMS 7521, 96 mm SL, 09 ° 54 ’ N, 97 ° 42 ’ E, 73 m depth; VIMS 7584, 102 mm SL, same sampling data as before; Malaysia, Malacca: ZMUC P 49432, 108 mm SL; W Australia: AMS I. 22801 - 004, 3, 78 - 94 mm SL, off Port Hedland, 19 ° 32 ’ S, 118 ° 09 ’ E, RV Soela, 50 - 52 m depth; AMS I. 22831 - 012, 4, 80 - 91 mm SL, NW Shelf, 140 km W of Port Hedland, 20 ° 00 ’ S, 117 ° 16 ’ E, FRV Soela, 50 m depth; CSIRO CA 283, 112 mm SL, N of Nickol Bay, 20 ° 06 ’ S, 117 ° 06 ’ E, FRV Courageous, 42 - 44 m depth; CSIRO CA 3044, 101 mm SL, NW of Port Hedland, 20 ° 06 ’ S, 118 ° 00 ’ E, FRV Soela, 29 - 30 m depth; W Pacific: E Malaysia: KAUM 41717, 96 mm SL, Terengganu, 48 km off Cendering, Kuala Terengganu, 5 ° 16 ’ N, 103 ° 11 ’ E, 70 - 90 m depth; KAUM 41718, 101 mm SL, same sampling data as before; Philippines: CAS 232885, 118 mm SL, Negros, N of Cadiz town, 11 ° 05 ’ N, 123 ° 20 ’ E, 18 - 36 m depth; Vietnam, Nha Trang: MNHN-IC- 1965 - 0273, 159 mm SL, 12 ° 03 ’ N, 112 ° 03 ’ E; Nha Trang, fish market: HIFIRE F 58153, 108 mm SL; HIFIRE F 58154, 111 mm SL; HIFIRE F 58172, 132 mm SL; NE Australia, Queensland: CSIRO H 6519 - 18, 2, 103 - 108 mm SL, NE of Cooktown, 15 ° 02.24 ’ S, 145 ° 28.91 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 39 m depth; CSIRO H 7024 - 02, 114 mm SL, N of Cairns, 16 ° 33.20 ’ S, 145 ° 52.69 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 37 m depth; CSIRO H 7206 - 01, 107 mm SL, Torres Strait, NE of Darnley Island, 9 ° 28.85 ’ S, 143 ° 58.12 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 54 m depth; CSIRO H 7207 - 01, 108 mm SL, and CSIRO H 7207 - 02, 4, 92 - 108 mm SL, E of Cooktown, 15 ° 29.88 ’ S, 145 ° 23.03 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 25 m depth; CSIRO H 7212 - 02, 121 mm SL, SE of Cairns, 17 ° 08.47 ’ S, 146 ° 12.51 ’ E, FRV Gwendoline May, 35 m depth; QM I. 20325, 2: 89 - 104 mm SL, Flora Passage, 17 ° 03 ’ S, 146 ° 14 ’ E, 37 - 42 m depth; New Caledonia, Chesterfield Islands: BPBM 39472, 3: 90 - 102 mm SL; Japan, Kagoshima: KAUM 13067, 121 mm SL, E of Sakinoyama, Kataura, Kasasa, Minamisatsuma, 31 ° 25.44 ’ N, 130 ° 11.49 ’ E, 27 m depth; KAUM 24423, 85 mm SL, same sampling data as before.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A099030366FF29FAFF0100FDD7.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Lectotype of Upeneus bensasi Temminck & Schlegel, 1843: RMNH 4683, 120 mm SL, Japan, W Pacific, Bay of Naga- saki (?). Non-types. W Pacific: Philippines: SU 21063, 83 mm SL, Luzon, Buluan; SU 29445, 93 mm SL, Mindanao, Zamboanga Channel, near Santa Cruz Island; Vietnam, Nha Trang, Be Fish Market: HIFIRE F 58 151, 104 mm; HIFIRE F 58 152, 118 mm; HIFIRE F 58 167, 123 mm; HIFIRE F 58 201, 4, 51 - 66 mm; China: SMF 25449, 107 mm SL, Hainan, Qinglan; CSIRO H 7072 - 10, 86 mm SL, Hongkong, Sai Kung market; CSIRO H 7072 - 11, 81 mm SL, same sampling data as before; SU 61014, 5, 95 - 121 mm SL, Hongkong, Mirs Bay, off Waterwitch Rock, FRV Alister Hardy, 22 ° 29 ’ N, 114 ° 23 ’ E, 22 m depth; AMS I. 28094 - 007, 2, 90 - 92 mm SL, Xiamen, 24 ° 26.77 ’ N, 118 ° 04.07 ’ E; Taiwan: CAS 15240, 86 mm SL, Formosa Strait, 25 ° N, 120 ° E, ca. 90 m depth; CAS 224543, 93 mm SL, NE Taiwan, Tashi Fish Market; CAS 30017, 97 mm SL, N of NW Taiwan, ca. 50 - 90 m depth; South Korea: CAS 17572, 74 mm SL, SE of Cheju Do Island, 80 m depth; Japan: Chiba Prefecture: CAS 232874, 112 mm SL, Heizaura, Aihohama Mura; CAS 232875, 69 mm SL, Nago Street, Awa County; CAS 232877, 2, 82 - 83 mm SL, Awa County; Sagami Bay: CAS 232876, 2, 83 - 85 mm SL, Manazuru; Honshu: WAM P 30055.032, 4, 98 - 118 mm SL, W Wakasa Bay, 35 ° 45 ’ N, 135 ° 50 ’ E; WAM P 30260.019, 123 mm SL, W Wakasa Bay, 35 ° 30 ’ N, 135 ° 45 ’ E; NRM 55484, 3: 104 - 115 mm SL, Seto Inland Sea, Shimonoseki Fish market, 33.95 ° N, 130.95 ° E; E Malaysia, W Pacific: KAUM 41736, 119 mm SL, Kuala Terrengganu, off Cendering, 5 ° 16 ’ N, 103 ° 11 ’ E, 70 - 90 m depth; KAUM 41737, 109 mm SL, same sampling data as before.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A099030366FC80FD0607E6F9A3.taxon	description	Non-types. N Australia, Northern Territory, SW Pacific, Arafura Sea: NTM S- 11611 - 001, 86 mm SL, N of Cape Wessel, 10 ° 26 ’ S, 136 ° 24 ’ E; NTM S- 11612 - 011, 100 mm SL, N of Cape Wessel, 10 ° 26 ’ S, 136 ° 26 ’ E; NTM S- 11621 - 004, 88 mm SL, N of Cape Wessel, 10 ° 8 ’ S, 136 ° 48 ’ E; NTM S- 11655 - 026, 2, 87 - 88 mm SL, NW of Cape Wessel, 10 ° 25 ’ S, 136 ° 33 ’ E; NTM S- 11895 - 004, 97 mm SL, N of Cape Wessel, 10 ° 15 ’ S, 136 ° 40 ’ E; NTM S- 13364 - 004, 103 mm SL, N of Cape Wessel, 10 ° 12 ’ S, 136 ° 42 ’ E; W Australia, SE Indian Ocean, Timor Sea: NTM S- 14365 - 007, 73 mm SL, NW of West Holothuria Reef, 15 ° 54.4 ’ S, 124 ° 31.47 ’ E; NTM S- 14366 - 018, 87, SE of Vulcan Shoal, 12 ° 50.34 ’ S, 124 ° 22.45 ’ E.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A099030367FC80F9D200A2FEA0.taxon	description	SL; LBRC-F 001493, 92 mm SL; LBRC-F 001495, 70 mm SL; LBRC-F 001496, 88 mm; all same sampling data as holotype.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
B65287A099020367FF29FDBC07E5FB80.taxon	description	103 mm SL; Nha Trang, no further locality details: MNHN 1965 - 272, 90 mm SL; ZMUC P 49483, 84 mm SL. Non-types. N Vietnam, W Pacific, South China Sea, Qu ảng Ninh province, Ha Long Bay, Van Don landing site, 21 ° 03.61 ’ N, 107 ° 25.81 ’ E: HIFIRE F 58382, 97 mm SL; NHMO J 7219, 104 mm SL; VNMN-I 2034, 109 mm SL; VNMN-I 2035, 113 mm SL; VNMN-I 2036, 104 mm SL; VNMN-I 2037, 108 mm SL; VNMN-I 2038, 108 mm SL; Ha Long: VNMN-I 2039, 83 mm SL; VNMN-I 2040, 83 mm SL; VNMN-I 2041, 122 mm SL; VNMN-I 2042, 93 mm SL; VNMN-I 2043, 108 mm SL; VNMN-I 2044, 94 mm SL; VNMN-I 2045, 117 mm SL; VNMN-I 2046, 87 mm SL; VNMN-I 2047, 72 mm SL; VNMN-I 2048, 82 mm SL; VNMN-I 2049, 80 mm SL; VNMN-I 2050, 77 mm SL; VNMN-I 2051, 81 mm SL; South-central Vietnam, Khanh Hoa province, Nha Trang Bay: HIFIRE F 58231, 123 mm SL, N of Hon Tre Island, 12 ° 14 ’ 18 ” N 109 ° 15 ’ 54 ” E, obtained from hookah divers; Gulf of Thailand, S Vietnam, Phu Quoc, An Thoi market, 10 ° 0.90 ’ N, 104 ° 0.86 ’ E: HIFIRE F 58287, 93 mm SL; NHMO J 7220, 88 mm SL; VNMN-I 2054, 83 mm SL; VNMN-I 2055, 114 mm SL; Gulf of Thailand, Thailand, Ko-Sichang Island: CAS 17679, 40 (of 141): 66 - 94 mm SL, 13 ° 8 ’ N, 100 ° 51 ’ E, trawl, 18 - 24 m depth; Singapore: NHMO J 2134, 2, 78 - 81 mm SL; Philippine Sea, Central Philippines, Panay Island: UPVMI 155, 96 mm SL; Indonesia, Bali Sea, E Java: CSIRO H 7360 - 04, 1 (of 3), 66 mm SL, Banguwangi, 08 ° 09 ’ S 114 ° 23 ’ E; Lombok (border of W Pacific to Indian Ocean): CSIRO H 8409 - 02, 65 mm SL, and CSIRO H 7364 - 02, 127 mm SL, Tanjung Luar, 8 ° 45 ’ S, 116 ° 35 ’ E; BPBM 29896, 96 mm SL.	en	Uiblein, Franz, Williams, Jeffrey T., Bailly, Nicolas, Hoang, Tuan A., Rajan, P. Thomas (2024): Four new goatfishes (Upeneus, Mullidae, Mulliformes) from the Asian Indo-Pacific with a list of valid goatfish species and remarks on goatfish diversity. Cybium 48 (2): 135-160, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2024-001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13863108
